Liezl D. Sabado BSMLS21A SOCSCI 3 (Phil. Govt and Constitution) 1.

Define Political Science,Government Constitution,History Political science is a social science discipline concerned with the study of the state, government, and politics. Aristotle defined it as the study of the state. It deals extensively with the theory and practice of politics, and the analysis of political systems and political behavior. Political scientists "see themselves engaged in revealing the relationships underlying political events and conditions, and from these revelations they attempt to construct general principles about the way the world of politics works." Political science intersects with other fields; including anthropology, public policy, national politics,economics, international relations, comparative politics, psychology, sociology, history, law, and political theory. Although it was codified in the 19th century, when all the social sciences were established, political science has ancient roots; indeed, it originated almost 2,500 years ago with the works of Plato andAristotle. Political science is commonly divided into three distinct sub-disciplines which together constitute the field: political philosophy, comparative politics and international relations. Political philosophy is the reasoning for an absolute normative government, laws and similar questions and their distinctive characteristics. Comparative politics is the science of comparison and teaching of different types of constitutions, political actors, legislature and associated fields, all of them from an intrastate perspective. International relations deals with the interaction between nation-states as well as intergovernmental and transnational organizations. The Constitution of the Philippines (Filipino: Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas) is the supreme law of the Philippines. The Constitution currently in effect was enacted in 1987, during the administration of President Corazon C. Aquino, and is popularly known as the "1987 Constitution". Philippine constitutional lawexperts recognise three other previous constitutions as having effectively governed the country the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution, the 1973 Constitution, and the 1986 Freedom Constitution. Constitutions for the Philippines were also drafted and adopted during the short-lived governments of Presidents Emilio Aguinaldo (1898) and Jos P. Laurel (1943).

History (from Greek - historia, meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation") is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians. It is a field of research which uses a narrative to examine and analyse the sequence of events, and it sometimes attempts to investigate objectively the patterns of cause and effect that determine events. Historians debate the nature of history and its usefulness. This includes discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself and as a way of providing "perspective" on the problems of the present. The stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the legends surrounding King Arthur) are usually classified ascultural heritage rather than the "disinterested investigation" needed by the discipline of history. Events of the past prior to written record are considered prehistory. 2. Scope of Political Science a.The scientific study of the state and government, their respective nature and aims.In the opinion of the old theorists like Bluntschli, Lord Acton, Goodnowpolitical science is to be restricted to the study of the state only because government and state cannot be separated, political science must include the study of both. b. The scientific study of associations and institutions.B e c a u s e n o t o n l y t h e s t a t e b u t a l s o m a n y o t h e r a s s o c i a t i o n s a n d institutions in society succeed in gathering men together with some common objective, these deserve the attention of political scientists as well. c.The study of national and international affairs, and the p o l i t i c a l study of man.P o l i t i c s i s a l s o a b o u t h u m a n i n t e r a c t i o n s at home and abroad, in i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d d u r i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o n f l i c t s . According to Laski, political science is concerned with the life and acts of man in relation to organised states. d. The study of the development of the state.A c c o r d i n g t o R . G . G e t t e l , p o l i t i c a l s c i e n c e i s t h e s t u d y i n t h e p a s t , present and future of political organisations and political theories. Thishistorical dimension of political science suggests a rather optimistico p i n i o n t h a t t h e s t u d y o f p a s t a n d p r e s e n t p o l i t i c a l i n s t i t u t i o n s a n d theories may serve to the future improvement of the state.

e. The study of power in human relations. T h e i s s u e s o f p o l i t i c a l p o w e r a r e o n e o f t h e m a i n t o p i c o f p o l i t i c a l science for the simple reason that without it, politics would be void of any sense and reduced to the empty interplay of useless structuresand roles. 3. Elements of State a. population or people b. territory c. government d. sovereignty 4. Subfield of Political Science Behavioralism China watcher Comparative politics Cross-cultural studies Foreign policy Historical institutionalism Kremlinology Parliamentary informatics Peace and conflict studies Philosophy, Politics and Economics Policy analysis Political anthropology Political communications Political culture Political law Political psychology Political science of religion Political socialization Political sociology Political strategy Positive political theory Post-behavioralism Prebendalism Public administration Rational choice institutionalism Social philosophy Systematic ideology Systematic political science Transitology