0.0218% 2.

11%

1.
2.C%0.25%C%=0.25%
0.60%C%>0.6%
C%0.08%C%0.08%~0.12%C%
0.12%~0.20%C%0.20%~0.30%C%0.30%~0.40%
C%0.40%~0.50%C%0.50%~0.60%
3.<5%
510%>10%
4.


1.S%0.055%P%
0.045%
S%P%0.040%S%0.030%P%0.035%

2.rimmed
SteelKilled SteelSemiKilled Steel

1.
2.

3.

4.

1.hypo-eutectiod steel

eutectiod steelhyper- eutectiod steel
2.Pearlite steel
Bainite SteelMartensite Steel
Austenite Steel

1. thermo-mechanical
treatmentmarage steel
2. shape memory alloy
3. superplasticity alloy
4. amorphous alloy
5. hydrogen storage alloy
6. fine ceramics

1.
2.
3.
4.

1-1
(Specification)

:
1.(Scope):()
2.(Chemical Composition):

3.(Quality Statement):
4.(Quantitative Requirement):

5.(Other Requirment):

ANS() JIS() DIN()

ASTM()
AISI()SAE() CNS(
)

1-2

CNS
(CNS2608,G2018)

(CNS4195,H2045)

1-3

()

()
(CNS)
(JIS)(AISI-SAE)(DIN)
(UNS)

1(CNS)
1
CNS Chinese National Standard CNS
CNS 109 G1001( 36 3 85 3 )

S(Steel ) F(Ferrum )

aPPlate() TTube()
UUse() WWire() FForging() CCasting(
5

)
S P CCPlate()
SUPUse Spring
b()
() 100
SCM420 420
S25C 0.25

SCM 420 420

STB 340
340 N/mm2

CNS 2608 G2018 2

a
S C

()

S 30 C 0.30
6

S 20 C 4 0.20
S(55)C 55kg/mm2
S85WMo(HS) 0.85
OS90C(T) 0.9
b
2
CNS 2068 H3021
()()

1xxx~8xxx 9xxx
1xxx~9xxx 6xxx

()
a

b
H T

2(JIS)
JIS Japanese Industral Standard JIS

1
CNS
S30C 0.30
2

S F 11-
K TB
PC2
1,2,3

:D(Drawing)G(Grinding)T(Turning)Ex(Extruded)
"-"
SK2
SKS11
7

SUH301 301
SUS301-1/2H 301 1/2

3
1(AISI-SAE)
AISI SAE 1941 ()

2 7
0
()

SAE1045 0.45 CNS S45C

SAE4140 0.40 JIS SCM440

30

10

()

11

Cr(0.7)

41

13

43

Ni-Cr
Ni(1.75)

0.50Ni

20

1.50Ni

21

Cr(1.0)

51

3.50Ni

23

Cr(1.5)

52

1.25Ni0.6Cr

31

1.75Ni1.0Cr

32

3.50Ni1.5Cr

33

46

2 ASTM(ASME)
ASTM
ASTM +ASME
ASTM S
ASTM :

: ASTM A36-77a
A
36 77
a
()()(1977 )()
: ASTM E8
ASME
: ASME SA213 = ASTM A213
(Grade)(Type)(Class)
Grade Type
Class:
Steel standards are instrumental in classifying, evaluating, and specifying the
material, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of the different
types of steels, which are primarily used in the production of mechanical
components, industrial parts, and construction elements. The most widely used
standard specifications for steel products in the United States are those published
by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials).
ASTM specifications represent a consensus among producers, specifiers,
fabricators, and users of steel mill products. In many cases, the dimensions,
tolerances, limits, and restrictions in the ASTM specifications are similar to or
the same as the corresponding items in the standard practices contained in the
AISI Steel Products Manuals.
Many of the ASTM specifications have been adopted by the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (ASME) with little or no modification; ASME uses the
prefix S and the ASTM designation for these specifications. For example,
ASME-SA213 and ASTM A 213 are identical.
ASTMs designation system for metals consists of a letter (A for ferrous materials)
followed by an arbitrary sequentially assigned number. These designations often
apply to specific products, for example A548 is applicable to cold-heading quality
carbon steel wire for tapping or sheet metal screws. Metric ASTM standards
have a suffix letter M.
Examples of the ASTM ferrous metal designation system, describing its use of
specification numbers and letters, are shown below:

Example - ASTM A 582/A 582M-95b (2000), Grade 303Se-Free-Machining

Stainless Steel Bars:
A describes a ferrous metal, but does not sub classify it as cast iron, carbon
steel, alloy steel, tool steel, or stainless steel;
582 is a sequential number without any relationship to the metals properties;
M indicates that the standard A582M is written in rationalized SI units (the M
comes from the word Metric), hence together 582/A582M includes both
inch-pound and SI units;
95 indicates the year of adoption or last revision and a letter b following the year
indicates the third revision of the standard in1995;
(2000), a number in parentheses, indicates the year of last re-approval;
Grade 300Se indicates the grade of the steel, and in this case, it has a Se
(selenium) addition.
Within the steel industry, the terms Grade, Type, and Class are generally defined
as follows: Grade is used to describe chemical composition; Type is used to define
the deoxidation practice; and Class is used to indicate other characteristics such
as strength level or surface finish. However, within the ASTM standards, these
terms were adopted and used to identify a particular metal within a metal
standard and used without any strict definition. Although there are differences
between the ASTM and traditional definitions of these terms ASTM have applied
some loose rules to the use of this terminology in their designation system :
Example 1 - ASTM A 106-02a Grade A, Grade B, Grade C - Seamless Carbon
Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service:
Typically an increase in alphabet (such as letters A, B, C) results in higher tensile
or yield strength steels, and if its an unalloyed carbon steel, an increase in
carbon content;
In this case: Grade A:0.25%C (max), 48 ksi tensile strength (min); Grade B:
0.30%C (max), 60 ksi tensile strength (min); Grade C 0.35%C (max), 70 ksi
tensile strength (min).
Example 2 - ASTM A 276-03, Type 304, 316, 410 Stainless and Heat Resisting
Steel Bars and Shapes:
Types 304, 316, 410 and others are based on the SAE designation system for
10

stainless steels (see SAE and former AISI description that follows).
Another use of ASTM grade designators is found in pipe, tube, and forging
products, where the first letter P refers to pipe, T refers to tube, TP may refer to
tube or pipe, and F refers to forging.
Examples are found in the following ASTM specifications:
ASTM A 335/A335-03, Grade P22; Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High
Temperature Service;
ASTM A 213/A213M-03a, Grade T22; Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy
Steel Boiler, Superheater and Heat-Exchanger Tubes;
ASTM A 312/A312M-03, Grade TP304; Seamless and Welded Austenitic
Stainless Steel Pipe;
ASTM A 336/A336M-03a, Class F22-Steel Forgings, Alloy, for Pressure and
High-Temperature Parts.
3 UNS
UNS Unified Numbering System 1974 ASTM SAE
UNS 17
UNS G10XX0 = SAE 10XX

4(DIN)
DIN Deutsch Industriell Norm
DIN 17006 DIN 170071974 ISO
EURONORM 27-74

1
C60 0.6C
:St50 50kg/mm2
CK40 40kg/mm2
2

11

:
:
:

CrCoMnNiSiW

AlBePbCuMoNbTaTiV

10

PSNCeC

100

1000

: 0.34 1 34Cr4
13CrV53 0.13 5/4=1.25
3/10=0.3
3
"x"
( 8)
: 0.12 18 8
X12CrNi18 8
X10CrNi1810 0.10 18
10

:
M A St42 6 N
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(3)(1)(2)(4)(5):

4
G
1
:GS-C30 0.30
G-X120Mn12 1.20 12
1 DIN
GS

GG

GGL =

GGG =

GT

GTS

GTW =

12

1-4
1-4-1

()

()

CNS JIS ASTM

SAE AISI UNS DIN

()

()

1-4-2

()
()()

13

1-4-3
()

1. 1.

2. 2.

()

(SAE 4140) SAE 1035 SAE 1050

3. 3.
700

(Inconel)
()

()

(Ceramic Tiles)

14


1(Specification)

2
(CNS)(JIS)
(AISI-SAE)(DIN)
(UNS)
3CNS
F S
(
)

4AISI SAE ()

0
()

30

10

()

11

Cr(0.7)

41

13

43

Ni-Cr
Ni(1.75)

0.50Ni

20

1.50Ni

21

Cr(1.0)

51

3.50Ni

23

Cr(1.5)

52

15

46

1.25Ni0.6Cr

31

1.75Ni1.0Cr

32

3.50Ni1.5Cr

33

5
()
()
()

16

1.CNS (A)(B)(C)(D)

2.JIS (A)(B)(C)(D)

3.CNS S 30 C ? (A)30% (B)3% (C)0.3%

(D)0.03%
4.SAE2350
(A)0.23%
(B)0.3%
(C)0.50%
(D)5.0%
5.S31C (A) 0.31% (B) 3l HRC
(C)
2
2
31 kg/mm
(D) 3.1kg/mm
6.SAE ?
(A) (B)
(C)

(D)
7.CNS (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
8. SAE SAE2320 (A) (B) (C) (D)

9. SAE 4340 (A) 4.3% (B)

0.4% (C) (D)
10.SAE2340 (A) 0.23 % (B) 2.3% (C) 0.4% (D) 4.0%
11.S8C (A) 8 % (B) 0.8 % (C) 0.08% (D) 0.008%
12.SK2 (A)(B)(C)(D)
13.(A)B (B)O (C)L (D)E
14.SNCM625 (A) (B) (C) (D)
15.SAE 1040 (A) (B) (C) (D)
16.SAE 4025 (A) (B) (C) (D)
17

17.SAE 1325

(A) (B) (C) (D)

18.SAE ll20 (A) (B) (C) (D)

19.JIS SK5 (A) (B) (C) (D)
20.JIS PBC2 (A) (B) (C) (D)

lCNS S40C

2. 0.17 % CNS
3. JIS SS41B-D1 SS41B
D1
4.( CNS)

5.CNS

6.

7. CNS
SAE

8 0.9 CNS

9.JIS SKD11K
10.AISI H13H

1.
(a) CNS (b)SAE (c)JIS (d)AISI (e)DIN
2. CNS ?
3. CNS
(a)Fsi

(b)SB

(c) SPCC (d)SPHC

(e)SNCM

(f)SK

4. JIS
(a)SKS21 (b)SS41 (c)SKH53 (d)SUS 304 TP (e)SKD61 (f)STB 35-S-H
5. SAE-AISI
(a)1045 (b)1330 (c)2514 (d)5125 (e)6120 (f)9330
6.

(a)

(b)

(c)

18

GB221-79
Si,Mn,Cr
REXt
%

1
Q+++Q
MPa Q235 s
235 MPa
ABCDF b
Z TZ Z TZ
Q235-AF A

0.45%45 45
19

 50Mn

0.1% 10b
3
T
T8 0.8%
MnT8Mn
AT8MnA
4
YY
0.3%
Y30MnY40Mn
5

40Cr
1.5%
112CrMoV
12Cr1MoV 0.4-0.6% 0.9-1.2%
1.5%2.5%3.5%
234 18Cr2Ni4WA V Ti
AL B RE
20MnVB 0.07-0.12% 0.001-0.005%
A
30CrMnSi
ML30CrMnSi
6

16Mn 16Mnq
16MnL16MnR
7

20


8
G
GCr15

9
1.0%1.0%
Cr12CrWMn9SiCr3Cr2W8V

0
Cr06

W18Cr4VC
C
10
2Cr13 0.2%
0.03%0.08%,000
00Cr17Ni14Mo20Cr18 Ni9

11
H
H2Cr132Cr13
12
DR DW
DQ
W/kg 100 G
G 50 DW470
50 4.7W/kg
13
21

DTDT
DT3AE
C DT8A

22