Basic Electricity

Instructor: Date: Jesus Calderon 7/30/12 Lecture 1 In this lecture we are going to cover the following topics: 1. Matter 2. The nature of atoms 3. Conductors 4. Insulators Matter - All physical objects that are composed of matter have mass and occupied space. - All mater can be divided into three categories: Solids Liquids Gases

For Example: The three states of water are: Ice Liquid water Steam Solid State Liquid State Gaseous State

Matter is in a solid state if it retains its shape and volume Matter is in a liquid state if it retains its volume but not its shape. Matter is in a gaseous state if it cannot retain its shape or volume.

The Atom - Matter is composed of tiny particles called molecules, which are the smallest particles that a substance can be divided and still maintain its physical properties. - Molecules can be divided into smaller particles called atoms. There are 92 different kinds of atoms found in nature including Hydrogen, Calcium, Zinc, Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and others. Atomic Structure - The atom can be divided into the following three fundamental particles: Electrons Protons Neutrons Electrons have a negative charge Protons have a positive charge Neutrons have no charge

Conductors - Materials that allowed many electrons to move freely from atom to atom are called conductors. Example - Silver - Copper - Gold - Aluminum - Iron - Steel - Brass

Insulators - Materials that allowed few electrons to move freely from one atom to another. Example - Glass - Rubber - Oil - Asphalt - Fiberglass - Porcelain - Ceramic

Current - Current is the flow of electrons from one atom to the next atom in the same general direction. The symbol for current is I Current is determined by the number of electrons that pass through a cross section of conductive material in a period of one second. Current is measure in Amperes which is abbreviated as amps. The symbol for amps is A Units of Measuring Current Flow Prefix 1 Kilo ampere 1 milli ampere 1 micro ampere Symbol 1kA 1mA 1A Decimal 1000 A 0.001 A 0.000001 A

Direction of current flow - Current flow from positive to negative

Voltage - Voltage is the force that is required for electrons to flow in a conductive material. The symbol for voltage is V Voltage sources have an excess of electrons at one terminal and a shortage of electrons at the other terminal. Voltage is measure in Volts. The symbol for a voltage source in a circuit is

Units of Measuring Voltage Prefix 1 Kilovolt 1 millivolt 1 microvolt Symbol 1kV 1mV 1V Decimal 1000 V 0.001 V 0.000001 V

Resistance - Resistance impedes the flow of electrons in a conductive material. The symbol for resistance is R The amount of resistance depends on 1. Material properties 2. Length 3. Cross-sectional area 4. Temperature Resistance is measure in Ohms which is abbreviated as . The symbol for resistance in a circuit is

Units of Measuring Voltage Prefix 1 Kilohm 1 Megohm Symbol 1k 1M Decimal 1000 1000000

Name: Date: Subject: Exam 1 1. Name the fundamental particles of an atom and their corresponding electric charge.

2. Name the three states of matter.

3. What is a conductor?

4. What is an insulator?

5. Name three good conductors.

6. Name three good insulators

7. What is current?

8. What is voltage?

9. What is resistance?

10. The force that is applied to a conductor and causes current flow is