RevistaBolivianaDeQumica

Rev. Bol. Quim.

Vol. 29, No. 1, 2012 Abstracts Rsum

THEORETICAL MECHANISTIC VIEWS FOR SYNGAS, METHANOL, FISCHERTROPSCH AND WACKER REACTIONS OF NATURAL GAS Jos A . Bravo, J. M auricio Pearrieta, Juan A ntonio A lvarado
Keywords: Fischer-Tropsch, Wacker, Syngas, Methanol, Natural Gas, Mechanism Pgina 1

ABSTRACT
Theoretical mechanistic proposals for Syngas Reaction, Methanol Reaction, the Fischer Tropsch Reaction and the Wacker Reaction, used in the natural gas industry are here explained under the scope of the structural theory. *Corresponding author: joseabravo2004@yahoo.com.mx

POLYOXYGENATED FLAVONOIDS FROM BACCHARIS PENTLANDII

Santiago Tarqui Tarqui, Yonny Flores Segura and G iovanna R. A lm anza V ega
Bolivian Medicinal Plants

Pgina 10

Keywords: Baccharis pentlandii, poly-oxygenated flavonoids, 8-methoxycirsilineol, xanthomicrol, sideritoflavone,

ABSTRACT
Three highly oxygenated flavonoids were isolated from the leaves of the medicinal plant Baccharis pentlandii commonly known as "Chilca clara" Mayu chilca or simply "Chilca". Flavonoids were identified as: 5,4'dihydroxy-6,7,8,3-tetramethoxyflavone 8-Methoxycirsilineol (1), 5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone Xanthomicrol (2) and 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone Sideritoflavone (3) by spectroscopic methods. The compounds are the major chemical constituents in the plant and they have proved to be cytotoxic as well as apoptotic substances giving thus the species a potential interest against cancer. *Corresponding author: giovyalmanza@yahoo.com.ar

PERSPECTIVAS EN EL PROCESAMIENTO

DE MATERIALES - ELECTRODOS PARA

BATERAS DE ION LITIO EN BOLIVIA Sal Cabrera, Fabin Benavente, M ax V argas, Jos Luis Flores, M anuel Ortega, Jaim e V illca, Rafael M amani, N aviana Leiva, M artin Luna, W aldo Yapu, M ario Blanco, E duardo R. Palenque, Rodny Balanza
Pgina 15 Keywords: Sntesis, nodo, Ctodo, Batera de ion litio, Electrodos.

ABSTRACT
The existing aspects about synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties of different electrodes for lithium ion batteries are analyzed. Identification and synthesis of precursors are included and also the processes of these materials obtaining in Bolivia. The commercial properties for these materials offered by different companies are mentioned. Finally local synthesis of two cathode electrodes (LiMn2O4) and (LiFePO4) from potential precursors present in Bolivia are reported. *Corresponding author: saulcabreram@hotmail.com

EVALUACIN DEL EFECTO INMUNOMODULADOR DEL CIDO SNICO SOBRE LA

CAPACIDAD FAGOCTICA, ADHERENCIA, QUIMIOTAXIS CELULAR Y CITOTOXICIDAD SOBRE MONOCITOS Y POLIMORFONUCLEARES Claudia L. Riveros G onzles , Fernando Sosa Tordoya, Grace Ruiz Pinell, Juan A ntonio vila Illanes, Patricia M ollinedo Portugal, Jos LuisV ila Castro Pgina 39
acid snico

Keywords: immunomodulating effect |phagocytic capacity |Adhesion |Chemotaxis| Cytotoxicity| CC50 | Usnea spp

ABSTRACT
This study describes the evaluation of activities cytotoxic and immunomodulating effect of the acid snico, secondary metabolite obtained from a lichen, Usnea sp., with a high potential leishmanicidal in vitro (IC50 10.3 ug/mL) according to research of the I. I. F. B. collected in the locality of: Paza (Oruro, Bolivia), which is attributed to him a variety of uses in traditional medicine as be antibacterial and antifungal. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated against human cells from peripheral blood (monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes), at concentrations less than or equal to 250 g/mL, taking that the CC50 of monocytes exposed to acid snico per 24 hours was 63.5 g/mL and at 48 hours was 58.9 g/ml in relation to the Glucantime that at the same incubation time was 45.3 g/ml and 38.6 g/ml for polymorphonuclear cells at 6 hours of exposure showed a CC50 of 58.9 g/ml and 12 hours a CC50 of 54.3 g/ml, the Glucantime in the same incubation period showed a CC50 of 43.5 g/ml and 36.5 g/ml. On the other hand, the effect inmunomodulador of the sour snico specifically on the quimiotaxis, adherence, fagocitosis and the activity total hemoltica of the complement, having that the sour snico favors the quimiotaxis from the monocitos to the concentrations of 31,2 and 15,6 g / mL, it increases the capacity of cellular adherence of the monocitos and polymorphonuclear cells at concentrations greater than 125 g/ml in general reduces the percentage of cells with capacity to phagocytose at concentrations greater than 15.6 g/ml and has an effect on the hemolytic activity of the complement system in the range of concentrations ranging between 125 and 15.6 g/ml was a decrease of 50 % of the hemolytic activity of the complement system. These results provide a basis to suggest that the Acid snico has potential for the development of drugs against Leishmania, which must be validated in future studies in vivo in animal models.

OBTENCIN DE JARABE DE GLUCOSA A PARTIR DE LA HIDRLISIS ENZIMTICA DE ALMIDN DE BANANO, MUSA CAVENDISH Carla Quitiguia, Stalin Santacruz Pgina 55
Keywords: hidrlisis del almidn, banano, -amilasa, amiloglucosidasa

ABSTRACT
Banana (Musa cavendish) is a fruit that takes place in Ecuador and a part of its production is being rejected. For this reason this project is focused on the usage of this resource in order to obtain glucose syrup from its starch by an enzymatic pathway. Previous to hydrolysis the substrate needs to be prepared using a process of washing and drying of banana fruits. Hydrolysis was made in two stages. For the first hydrolysis -amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was used; which allowed to degrade starch to dextrins. In this stage some tests were made to calculate the optimal time for the hydrolysis, which was of 2 hours. Also, dextrins obtained were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, obtaining dextrins of 9, 10 and 11 glucose units. In the second stage

amyloglucosidase from Aspergillus niger was used. In this stage an experimental design was performed; such design was completely at random with factorial model of 3, corresponding to the combination of time and amount of enzyme, with two repetitions. The studied variables were yield and crystallinity. The recommended treatment was of 1,5 milliliters of enzyme and 14 hours of hydrolysis. Treatment that corresponds to a glucose yield of 90,14%. *Corresponding author: stalin.santacruz@gmail.com

XYLANASE PRODUCTION USING BARLEY STRAW BY Bacillus sp. LB-4 ISOLATED

FROM LAGUNA BLANCA, POTOSI-BOLIVIA Cecilia G andarillas a , Roberto Soto a , V irginia A . V argas
Keywords: xylanolytic activity, barley straw, Bacillus sp., alkalitolerant Pgina 63

ABSTRACT
Bacterial strains isolated from water samples collected from Laguna Blanca, Potosi-Bolivia and deposited at Biotechnology Center, Cochabamba-Bolivia, were subjected to xylanolytic enzyme production studies. Among these, 20 strains were selected as positive in xylanolytic enzyme production in liquid medium, using barley straw as sole carbon source and subjected to morphological and biochemical studies. Enzyme production in liquid medium identified strain LB-4 as the best enzyme producer with 10 U/ml xylanolytic activity. Partial characterization of the produced enzyme revealed its display maximum activity values at pH 9, 50C y 0% (w/v) NaCl concentration, thus exhibiting thermo-alkalitolerant properties. The 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis showed 99% similarity between strain LB-4 and Bacillus pumilus (embAJ494727). *Corresponding author: vvargas.c@fcyt.umss.edu.bo

APPLICATION OF FERRIPROTOPORPHYRIN BIOCRYSTALLIZATION INHIBITION TEST TO FIND ANTIPLASMODIAL COMPOUNDS IN THE FLORA OF THE ZONGO VALLEY BOLIVIA Sandra L. Ibez-Calero, V alrie Jullian, Sverine M aurel, Lia R. Chvez de M ichel, Jose A . Bravo, A lberto G im enez, M ichel Sauvain Pgina 71
Keywords: Ferriprotoporphyrin biocrystallization inhibition test, antiplasmodial, Brachyotum microdon, Bolivia

ABSTRACT
Among the different tests or chemical reactions that explain the possible inhibition mechanisms of Plasmodium falciparum growth, we have chosen the Ferriprotoporphyrin biocrystallization inhibition test (FBIT) to evaluate the pharmacological properties of 65 plants from the Bolivian flora. A bioguided phytochemical separation of Brachyotum microdon, one of the most active plant, was sought using the FBIT test. The isolated active compounds belong to two types of metabolites the fatty alcohols and the triterpenes. Among the triterpenes, we have -sitosterol (1), oleanolic acid (2), ursolic acid (3) and corosolic acid (4) as sources of the activity on FBIT. *Corresponding author: caleros@acelerate.com

QUENCHING OF CERENKOV RADIATION FROM

DYES AS PHOTOMETRIC TECHNIQUE E dgar A . Coronel C.

NATURALLY OCCURRING

40

K BY

Pgina 80

Keywords: Cerenkov radiation, Dyestuffs, Natural radioactivity, Liquid scintillation, Nuclear methods.

ABSTRACT
The beta emitter 40K isotope contained in KCl solutions, produces photons known as Cerenkov radiation measurable by liquid scintillation spectrometry. A set of dyestuffs and metal ion complexes showed quenching effects against Cerenkov light. Studied systems follow the Stern-Volmer equation. Counting ratios vs. quencher concentration [Q], are linear, yielding KS-V constants. High KS-V values indicate highly quenched systems. Congo red and Methylene values 20.0x104 M-1 and 2.27x104 M-1 respectively. Crystal violet does not act as quenching blue have value, about 10- 4 M-1. There are linear correlations agent in the range up to 0.1mM, and has a lowest between visible absorbances at max and counting ratios . Neither inorganic colorless salts as lead nitrate or zinc nitrate, nor pure solvents as acetonitrile, acetone, methanol and ethyl acetate showed quenching properties. As a result, a procedure suitable for dyestuff determinations based on quenching of Cerenkov radiation has been accomplished. *Corresponding author: edgar-coronel@daad-alumni.de

ESTUDIO DEL FRUTO COMESTIBLE DE LA ESPECIE VEGETAL GARCINIA MADRUNO G alia Chvez Cury; M ara del Carm en Abela G isbert; Jos A . Bravo; J. M auricio Pearrieta; W illy Jos R endn Porcel Pgina 87
Keywords: Fruto, alimento, Garcinia madruno.

ABSTRACT
Fruits of the vegetal species Garcinia madruno were surveyed. This is a species known in the Bolivian Amazonian region under the common names of Camururu and Ocor. The fruits were collected at the Ixiamas village and their surroundings in the province Abel Iturralde, department of La Paz. In the investigation of the eatable part of the fruit, a bromatological preliminary study was carried out. The macro and micro nutrients were determined, as well as the taste of the fruit and of the handmade elaborated product. A preliminary phytochemical study was also performed in fruits. *Corresponding author: galiachavez2005@yahoo.com

CALYCIN AND PHYSCION FROM THE LICHEN CANDELARIA CONCOLOR

Juan Salinas, Patricia M ollinedo, Jose V ila ,
Keywords: Calycin; Mannitol; Candelaria concolor; 2D-NMR; Physcion. Pgina 94

ABSTRACT
Calycin, Physcion and Mannitol were isolated from Candelaria concolor, lichen specie. Molecular structures, were elucidated by 2D- NMR spectroscopy techniques. *Corresponding author: joselu62@hotmail.com

PROTEIN ENRICHMENT OF ORIENTAL NOODLES BASED ON CANNA EDULIS

STARCH Stalin Santacruz, M ari Pennanen, Jenny Ruales
Keywords: : noodles, pre-gelatinization, starch, cooking stability, protein enrichment, Canna edulis Pgina 97

ABSTRACT
Spray drying, drum drying and extrusion cooking were applied in order to find out the best treatment for pre-gelatinization of Canna edulis starch for noodle processing. Spray-drying process manifested to be a gentle process to modify the native starch, whereas cooking extrusion was too drastic. Adding either native or pre-gelatinized C. edulis starch to wheat flour noodles increased the solid loss. Whereas noodles made of C. edulis only, showed lower cooked weight and solid loss than commercial samples. C. edulis noodles with the best cooking stability were obtained by mixing 12 % pre-gelatinized starch, 28% native starch and 60% water, submerging in boiling water for 60 seconds, cooling in water at room temperature (17C) for 60 seconds and drying in oven at 17C. A protein enrichment of C. edulis noodles by adding either lupine concentrate or defatted soybean flour showed that lupine-C. edulis and soybean-C. edulis mixtures had higher solid loss than noodles prepared by using C. edulis starch only. Sensory evaluation results showed that the cooling of noodles in water at room temperature did not make differences on the appearance and texture compared to samples cooled down at 0C. C. edulis noodles of 1.5 mm and 0.8 mm diameter showed big differences with commercial samples. Moreover an improvement on the appearance and texture of C. edulis noodles was observed by reducing the noodles diameter from 1.5 to 0.8 mm. Acceptability tests of the protein enriched noodles showed that consumers had preference for the mixture Lupine-C. edulis.

*Corresponding author: stalin.santacruz@gmail.com

EVALUACION DE LA PRESENCIA DE METALES PESADOS Y ARSNICO EN SUELOS

AGRICOLAS Y CULTIVOS EN TRES MICRO-CUENCAS DEL MUNICIPIO DE POOP Lourdes J. Cham bi, V ladim ir Orsag, A malia N iura Pgina 111
Keywords: Metales Pesados, suelos agrcolas y cultivos, contaminacin, municipio de Poop Bolivia

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn) and As in agricultural soils and representative cultivations in three Micro-basins of the municipality of the Poop divided in parts (high, half and under). The results show that the agricultural soils of the three Micro-basins in study are contaminated by arsenic, overcoming the dangerous level of (55 mg/kg soil), for natural mineralizacin of the area as for the contribution of the surrounding mining in the region (dismount, copagira waters tosed to the bleakness and the rivers), situation that deserves an immediate remediation, for can to avoid the intensity of accumulation. The bean cultivations and potato eatable fraction present tendencies of accumulating bigger quantity of arsenic, ending up in some cases to overcome the mximum content in cultivations (1,7 sample mg/kg).
*Corresponding author: jhades.lin@hotmail.com