LIMOICO, LYMIENG STAR C.

BEED I - B

GENERAL CHEMISTRY

NAMING COMPOUNDS
With millions of known compounds today, chemists have developed a scientific and systematic method of identifying them. The systematic name of a compound must indicate its composition. The systematic method of naming g inorganic compounds consider the compound to be composed of two parts- a positive part and a negative part, the positive part may be a metal cat ion, such as K+ in K2O, or a positively charge polyatomic ion such as (NH4)+ in NH4I. It may also be electronegative nonmetal in a binary covalent compound such as C in CCl4. On the other hand, the negative part may be a nonmetal an ion, such as O2- in K2O, or a negatively charged ion such as SO4-2 in CaSO4; it may also be the electronegative nonmetal such as Cl in CCl4. The positive part is named first followed by the negative part.

NAMING BINARY COMPOUNDS

Binary compounds may be composed of a metal and a nonmetal (ionic) or two nonmetal (covalent). The names of binary compound ends with ide. o BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS In naming binary ionic compounds, the positive element (cat ion) is named first followed by negative element (an ion), the name of which is modified to end in -ide. Let us name the compound CaO. STEP #1. The formula tells us that the compound consists of a Ca (a group 2A metal) and O (a nonmetal). Because group 2A elements have only one oxidation number. The positive compound is named calcium. STEP #2. Modify the name of the second element, oxygen to the identifying stem ox- and add ide as the binary ending to name the negative part. STEP #3. The name of the compound, therefore, is calcium oxide.

In naming binary ionic compounds containing metals of variable oxidation numbers, the stock system or the old traditional system may be used. However, the IUAPC designated the stock system as the official system of nomenclature. In this system, the oxidation number of metal is indicated by a Roman numeral in parentheses immediately following the metal name. The negative part (nonmetal) is treated in the usual manner for binary compounds.

For instance, name the compound CuCl2. STEP#1. The formula tells us that the compound consists of Cu (a metal with variable oxidation number) and Cl (a group 7A element). STEP#2. The oxidation number of Cl in binary compounds is -1. The algebraic sum of the oxidation numbers in a compound is zero. It follows then that the oxidation number of Cu in the compound is +2. Hence, the stock name of the positive part is copper(II) STEP#3. Modify the name of the seco9nd element to the identifying stem chlor- and add the binary ending _ide to form the negative part. STEP#4. The stock name of CUCl2 is copper (II) chloride.

o BINARY COVALENT COMPOUNDS The less electronegative nonmetal (usually one written first in a formula) named first followed by the more electronegative nonmetal with an ide ending. A Latin or Greek prefix is attached to the name of each element to indicate the number of atoms of that element in the compound; the prefix mono- is generally omitted except when needed to distinguish between two or more compounds. Name the compound PCl5 STEP#1. Phosphorus and Chlorine are nonmetals. Phosphorus is named first because it is less electronegative done chlorine. The compound is a chloride. STEP#2. No prefix is needed for phosphorus because there is only one atom per molecule. The prefix penta- is used with chloride to