`

Marina Bay IR Sand Project

Calculation for Duct Static Pressure Loss

Samples
Outdoor Air Fan Flow Rate: 325 CMH

Fitting
Number

Duct
Element

Material

Airflow
Rate
(CMH)

1
2
3
4
1 ~5
5
5~6
6
7

Duct size (mm)

Round

Duct
Opening
c/w Wire
13280
Mesh
Elbow 90, Smooth Radius,
13280
Without Vanes
Elbow 90, Smooth Radius,
13280
Without Vanes
Elbow 90, Smooth Radius,
13280
Without Vanes
Duct
Galvanized Sheet
13280
Metal
Transition, Rectangular 13280
Duct
Galvanized Sheet
13280
Metal
Flexible connection
13280
Fresh air Fan
13280

Rectangular

600
350
350
350
350
350
350
350

600
250
250
250
250
250
350
350

2.)

1.)

3.)

4.)

Equivalent
Dia.

Velocity

Velocity
Pressure

Duct
Length

Loss
coefficients

(mm)

(m/s)

(Pa)

(m)

(Co)

656
323
323
323
323
323
383
383

10.9
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
32.0
32.0

71.8
1,221.3
1,221.3
1,221.3
1,221.3
1,221.3
617.8
617.8

ASHRAE Fitting
Number

0.580
0.23
0.23
0.23

*a
*a
*a
*a

CR6-1
CR3-1
CR3-1
CR3-1

0.14

*a

ER4-1

22.5
0.5
*f

5.)

Hydraulic Absolute
Diameter Roughness

6.)

7.)

Renold
Number

Friction
Factor

Dh

(mm)

Re

0
0
0
0
292
0
350
0

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.09
0.00

0
0
0
0
872320
0
744500
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.016
0.000
0.016
0.000

8.)
Duct
Pressure
loss
(Pa/m)

Total
Pressure
Loss
(Pa)

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
68.67
0.00
28.95
0.00
0.00

51.6
284.6
284.6
284.6
1545.2
169.8
14.5
5.0
0.0

Sub Total
Total c/w Markup Factor x 1.1
*a
*f
.

9.)

2639.8
2910

Parameters

Q
H/W0
H/W0
H/W0

=
=
=
=

A0/A1 =

3,689
0.71
0.71
0.71

,
,
,

0.71

Pa
Pa

ASHRAE Hand Book, Fundamentals 2001

Based on Manufacturer Data
1.)

Velocity (V)

0.001Q/A

A
Where,

(3.14 x De )/4

De

Circular Equivalent of Rectangular duct for equal length

Air flow rate (l/s)

1.3(ab)0.625

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:11

9.)

Total Pressure

But,

2.)

De

Pv

Total Pressure

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:25

Circular Equivalent of Rectangular duct for equal length

Length one side of duct,mm

Length adjacent side of duct,mm

.602x V2

Velocity Pressure
Fluid mean Velocity, m/s

2xaxb

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:09

Where,

Rv
V
`

Dh

(Only For Square Duct)

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:24

(a+b)
Where,

Dh
5.)
6.)

Hydraulic Diameter, mm

For Absolute Roughness Factor

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Table No: 01

66.4 Dh x V

Reynolds number
Hydraulic Diameter, mm

0.11( / De + 68/Re ) 0.25

Re
Dh

Reynolds number
Hydraulic Diameter, mm

f'

>=

Pf

Re

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:23

But,

Re
Dh
V
7.)

f'

Velocity, m/s
Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:21

Where,

8)

Material absolute roughness factor, mm

If,
0.018
1000x f' x x V 2

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:19

(Dh x 2)

But,

=
-

1.204 kg/m2

Dh
V

f'

<

0.018

Pf

for Air

Hydraulic Diameter, mm
Velocity, m/s

If,

1000x (0.85f' +0.0028)x x V 2

(Dh x 2)

But,

Dh
V

Duct Pressure Loss per m x Length

Velocity Pressure x Loss Coefficients

For Fittings,

(a+b)0.25

De
a
b

Where,

3.)

For Ducting,

=
-

1.204 kg/m2

for Air

Hydraulic Diameter, mm
Velocity, m/s

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:19

A
r/w
r/w
r/w

=
=
=
=

q =

0.36
1.00
1.00
1.00
30

K
K
K

=
=
=

1.00
1.00
1.00

Calculation for Plenum Box loss coefficient

AHU / PAU / PEU NO

sampel

Plenum box near Louver

PLENUM BOX SIZE

(mm x mm)
W xH

2400

2200

CHAMBE
CHAMBER
R
LENGTH VOLUME
(mm)
(m 3)
L
1000

5.28

AIR
FLOW
(CMH)

AIR
FLOW
(m 3 / S)

AIR
CHANGE
S PER
SECOND

28,512

7.92

1.50

Vin
(m/s)

1.50

Vout
(m/s)

1.50

Vin / Vout

H/L

W/H

CO

C1

C2

C3

C4

C5

CT

SELECTE
D LOSS
COEFFICI
ENT
(CT x 1.5)

1.00

2.20

1.09

0.4

0.15

0.1

-0.4

1.25

0.5

1.875

REMARKS

Selected Flow way - 1 to 2

HVAC SYSTEM

Calculation for Duct Static Pressure Loss

AHU
Return Air Flow Rate:10,431.36 CMH

Fitting
Number

Duct Element

Airflow
Rate
(CMH)

1
2

Free Return Throw Shaft

Air Handling Unit

Duct size (mm)

Round

Rectangular

Equivelant
Dia.

Velocity

Velocity
Pressure

Duct
Length

Loss
coefficients

(mm)

(m/s)

(Pa)

(m)

(Co)

10431.36
10431.36

Hudraulic
ASHRAE
Diameter
Fitting Number
Dh

Absolute
Roughness

Renold
Number

Friction
Factor

(mm)

Re

Duct
Pressure
loss
(Pa/m)

*f

Total
Pressure
Loss
(Pa)

Parameters

50.0 V

Sub Total
Total c/w Markup Factor x 1.1

50
55

= 2,898

l/s

Pa
Pa

AHU
Supply Conditioned Air Flow Rate: 10,431.36 CMH
Fitting
Number

Duct Element

Airflow
Rate
(CMH)

2
3
3a
4
5
3a~6
6
6~7
7
7~8
8
8~9
9
9~10
10
10~11
11
12
11~13
13
14
13~15
15
15~16
16
16~17
17
18
17~19
19
19~20
20
20~21
21
21~22
22
23
24
22~25
25
25~26
26
27
26~28
28
28~29
29
30

Air Handling Unit

Flexible connection
Transition, Rectangular
Elbow 90, Smooth Radius, Without Vanes
Fire Damper, Curtain type, Type B
Duct
Silencer
Duct
Wye,Symmetrical, Doverging
Duct
Tee, Diverging
Duct
Tee, Diverging
Duct
Transition, Rectangular
Duct
Elbow 90
Fire Damper
Duct
Wye,Symmetrical, Doverging
Elbow 90, Smooth Radius, Without Vanes
Duct
Tee, Diverging
Duct
Transition, Rectangular
Duct
Tee, Diverging
Elbow 90, Smooth Radius, Without Vanes
Duct
Tee, Diverging
Duct
Tee, Diverging
Duct
Tee, Diverging
Duct
Transition, Rectangular
Elbow 90, Smooth Radius, Without Vanes
Volume Control Damper
Duct
Tee, Diverging
Duct
Transition, Rectangular
Elbow 90, Smooth Radius, Without Vanes
Duct
Transition, Rectangular to round
Flexible Duct
Volume Control Damper
Round diffucer

Sub Total
Total c/w Markup Factor x 1.1
*a
*f

10431.4
10431.4
10431.4
10431.4
10368.0
10368.0
10368.0
10368.0
6955.0
6955.0
5962.8
5962.8
3602.5
3602.5
3602.5
3602.5
3602.5
3602.5
3602.5
2023.2
2023.2
2023.2
1646.7
1646.7
1646.7
1646.7
1242.4
1242.4
1242.4
1037.9
1037.9
833.3
833.3
622.3
622.3
622.3
622.3
622.3
622.3
342.9
342.9
342.9
342.9
342.9
342.9
342.9
342.9

Duct size (mm)

Round

Rectangular

800
600
800
800
800
800
800
800
450
450
400
400
400
400
400
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
200
200
200
200
200
200
150
150
150
200
200
200

300
600
300
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
300
400
400
400
400
250
250
250
250
250
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150

Equivelant
Dia.

Velocity

Velocity
Pressure

Duct
Length

Loss
coefficients

(mm)

(m/s)

(Pa)

(m)

(Co)

521
656
521
521
521
521
521
521
464
464
437
437
437
438
378
378
378
378
378
300
300
299
299
300
267
266
267
267
266
266
266
266
266
266
267
189
189
189
189
189
189
164
164
164
200
200
200

13.6
8.6
13.6
13.6
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
11.4
11.5
11.0
11.0
6.7
6.6
8.9
8.9
8.9
8.9
8.9
8.0
8.0
8.0
6.5
6.5
8.2
8.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
5.2
5.2
4.2
4.2
3.1
3.1
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
3.4
3.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
3.0
3.0
3.0

111.3
44.3
111.3
111.3
110.0
110.0
110.0
110.0
78.7
78.9
73.3
73.3
26.8
26.6
47.9
47.9
47.9
47.9
47.9
38.1
38.1
38.6
25.5
25.2
40.2
40.6
22.9
22.9
23.1
16.1
16.1
10.4
10.4
5.8
5.7
22.9
22.9
22.9
22.9
7.0
6.9
12.2
12.2
12.2
5.5
5.5
5.5

0.480
0.260
0.19

Hudraulic
ASHRAE
Diameter
Fitting Number
Dh

Absolute
Roughness

Renold
Number

Friction
Factor

(mm)

Re

Duct
Pressure
loss
(Pa/m)

*f
*a SR4-1
*a CR3-1
*a CR9-6

4.0

436

0.90

391620

0.024

6.05

436

0.09

391620

0.016

4.13

424

0.09

321472

0.016

3.05

400

0.09

293101

0.017

3.16

*f
3.0
0.650

*a SR5-14

4.0
1.070

*a SR5-5

0.170

*a SR5-5

0.400

*a SR4-1

1.120
0.19

*a SR3-1
*a

0.480
0.220

*a SR5-14
*a CR3-1

4.0
1.0
3.5

3.5

6.5
0.030

*a SR5-5

0.394

*a SR4-1

1.0
2.5
0.100
0.240

*a SR5-5
*a CR3-1

0.030

*a SR5-5

0.030

*a SR5-5

3.0

400

0.09

177078

0.018

1.20

343

0.09

203108

0.018

2.52

343

0.09

203108

0.018

2.52

273

0.09

144052

0.019

2.65

273

0.09

117977

0.020

1.87

240

0.09

130253

0.020

3.35

240

2.0
2.5
0.050

*a SR5-5

0.240
0.230
0.19

*a SR4-1
*a CR3-1
*a

1.5

3.5
0.400

98276

0.020

1.91

240

0.09

82464

0.021

1.41

240

0.09

66213

0.022

0.95

240

0.09

49444

0.023

0.56

171

0.09

70170

0.022

2.94

171

0.09

38722

0.025

1.02

150

0.09

44930

0.024

1.96

*a SR5-5

2.0
0.400
0.210

0.09

*a SR4-1
*a CR3-1

3.0
0.040

*a SR4-1

1.00

*a
*f

2.0

200
200

3.00

40281

0.040

1.02

Total
Pressure
Loss
(Pa)

5.0
21.3
28.9
21.2
24.2
60.0
12.4
71.5
12.2
84.5
12.6
12.5
1.2
10.6
8.8
53.7
9.1
8.8
23.0
8.4
17.2
1.2
1.9
9.9
8.4
4.1
5.5
5.7
0.7
2.8
0.5
2.4
0.5
0.8
1.4
5.3
4.3
10.3
9.2
2.0
2.8
2.6
5.9
0.5
2.0
5.5
40.0

Parameters

A0/A1 = 1.50
H/W0 = 0.38

,
,

q = 30
r / W = 1.00

As/Ac = 0.75

K =
n =

1.00
2.0

K =
n =

1.00
2.0

K =

1.00

K =

1.00

K =
n =

1.00
1.0

K =

1.00

Internal Insulated

Qs/Qc = 0.347
Qb/ QC = 0.86

Ab/Ac

= 0.89

Qs/ QC = 0.60
q = 30

A0/A1 = 1.33

H/W0 = 1.33

, W0/W1 = 1.00

Qs/Qc = 0.345
H/W0 = 0.83

,
,

As/Ac = 0.63
r / W = 1.00

Qs/ QC = 0.81
q = 30

A0/A1 = 1.25

Qs/ QC = 0.75
H/W0 = 0.67

r / W = 1.00

,
,

q = 30
r / W = 1.00

A0/A1 = 1.33
H/W0 = 1.00

,
,

q = 30
r / W = 1.00

A0/A1 = 0.36

q = 30

D/D0 = 1.0
V = 95

,
l/s

q = 10

Qs/ QC = 0.84
Qs/ QC = 0.80
Qs/ QC = 0.75
A0/A1 = 2.00
H/W0 = 0.75

Qs/ QC = 0.55

643.2
708

Pa
Pa

763

Pa

n =

ASHRAE Hand Book, Fundamentals 2001

Based on Manufacturer Data

Required External Static Pressure for AHU

Design : 763
Mfg :

Pa 10431

CMH

1.)

Velocity (V)

= 0.001Q/A

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), C

But,
2

(3.14 x De )/4

De

Circular Equivalent of Rectangular duct for equal length

Where,
Q

2.)

Air flow rate (l/s)

0.625
= 1.3(ab)

De

(a+b)

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Hand

0.25

Where,

De
a
b
3.)

Circular Equivalent of Rectangular duct for equal length

Length one side of duct,mm

Length adjacent side of duct,mm

2
= .602x V

Pv

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Hand

Where,

Pv
V
4)

Dh

Velocity Pressure
Fluid mean Velocity, m/s

= 2xaxb

(Only For Square Duct)

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundame

(a+b)
Where,

Dh

Hydraulic Diameter, mm

5.) For Absolute Roughness Factor

6.)

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), C

= 66.4 Dh x V

Re

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Hand

But,

Re
Dh
V
7.)

- Reynolds number
- Hydraulic Diameter, mm
- Velocity, m/s
= 0.11( / De + 68/Re )

f'

0.25

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundame

Where,

Re
Dh

- Reynolds number
- Hydraulic Diameter, mm
- Material absolute roughness factor, mm

8)

If,
f' >=
Pf

0.018

2
= 1000x f' x x V

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundame

(Dh x 2)

But,

2
= 1.204 kg/m
for Air
Dh - Hydraulic Diameter, mm
V - Velocity, m/s

If,
f'
Pf

<

0.018

2
= 1000x (0.85f' +0.0028)x x V

(Dh x 2)

But,

2
= 1.204 kg/m
for Air
Dh - Hydraulic Diameter, mm
V - Velocity, m/s

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundame

undamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:11

9.)

For Ducting,

For Fittings,

ct for equal length

ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:25

ct for equal length

ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:09

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:24

undamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Table No: 01

ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:23

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:21

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:19

Ref: 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Chapter 34, Equation No:19