Contraception a strategy or device used to reduce the risk of fertilization/implantation in an attempt to prevent pregnancy Natural-Family Planning Methods 1.

. Abstinence - Abstaining from having sexual intercourse eliminates the possibility of sperm entering a womans vagina. 2. Coitus interruptus (Withdrawal) - Man withdraws penis from vagina prior to ejaculation. 3. Calendar (Rhythm) Method - A woman records her menstrual cycle by calculating her fertile period based on the assumption that ovulation occurs about 14 days before the onset of her next menstrual cycle, and avoids intercourse during that period. Also, taken into account is the timing of intercourse with this method, because sperm are viable for 48 to 120 hr and the ovum is viable for 24 hr. *Accurately record the number of days in each cycle counting from the first day of menses for a period of at least 6 cycles. The start of the fertile period is figured by subtracting 18 days from the number of days in the womans shortest cycle. The end of the fertile period is established by subtracting 11 days from the number of days of the longest cycle. For example: Shortest cycle, 26 18 = 8th day Longest cycle, 30 11 = 19th day Fertile period is days 8 through 19. Refrain from intercourse during these days to avoid conception. 4. BBT (Basal body temperature) - Temperature can drop slightly after the time of ovulation. This can be used to facilitate conception or be used as a natural contraceptive. 5. Billings Method (Cervical plug method) - Fertility awareness method based on ovulation. Ovulation occurs approximately 14 days prior to the next menstrual cycle, which is when a woman is fertile. Following ovulation, the cervical mucus becomes thin and flexible under the influence of estrogen and progesterone to allow for sperm viability and motility. The ability for the mucus to stretch between the fingers is greatest during ovulation. This is referred to as spinnbarkeit sign. 6. Condoms - A thin flexible sheath worn on the penis during intercourse to prevent semen from entering the uterus. 7. Diaphragm and Spermicide - A dome-shaped cup with a flexible rim made of latex or rubber that fits snugly over the cervix with spermicidal cream or gel placed into the dome and around the rim. 8. Combined oral contraceptives - Hormonal contraception containing estrogen and progestin, which acts by suppressing ovulation, thickening the cervical mucus to block semen, and altering the uterine decidua to prevent implantation. *Women with a history of blood clots, cerebrovascular accident, cardiac problems, breast or estrogen-related cancers, pregnancy, or smoking (if over 35 years of age), are advised not to take oral contraceptive medications. Oral contraceptive effectiveness decreases when taking medications that affect liver enzymes such as anticonvulsants and some antibiotics. 9. Minipill - Oral progestins that provide the same action as combined oral contraceptives. A client should take the pill at the same time daily to ensure effectiveness secondary to a low dose of progestin. A client cannot miss a pill. 10. Emergency Oral Contraceptive - Morning after pill that prevents fertilization from taking place. 11. Transdermal Contraceptive Patch -