Mensuration

Areas
Areas of some well-known figures are given below: S. No Name Figure Perimeter in units of length

CATsyllabus.com | Quant: Mensuration

Do You Know? Area in square units

Square: Diagonal = a
2

Rectangle:

1.

Rectangle

2(a + b)

ab

a = length b = breadth
a a a b h a

Diagonal = The

a 2 + b2

Parallelogram: diagonals other. bisec of

o

2.

Square a = side

4a

teach

Sum

1 (diagonal)2 2

adjacent angles = 180 Rhombus: The diagonals cut

at

right angles
b

3.

Parallelogra m

a2 = (

a = side b = side adjacent to a h = distance between the opp. parallel sides

a d1 a d2 a a

2(a + b)

ah

1 2 1 d1) + ( d2)2 2 2

1 d1d2 2
4a

Quadrilateral Parallelogram Rectangle Square T r a p e z i u m

Rhombus 4.

a = side of rhombus; d1,d2 are the two diagonals

D h1 h2 A B C

Quadrilateral

AC is one of diagonals and h1, are the altitudes AC from D, respectively.

its h2 on B

Sum of its four sides

1 (AC) (h1 + 2 h2)

b h

Trapezium 6.

a, b, are parallel sides and h is the distance between parallel sides

a c

Sum of its four sides

1 h(a + b) 2

h b

7.

Triangle

b is the base and h is the altitude. a, b, c are three sides of .

a + b + c = 2s where s is the semi perimeter.

1 bh 2 or
s(s a)(s b)(s c)

8.

Right triangle =
b 2 + h2
a

b+h+d

d(hypotenuse)

1 bh 2

h a

9.

Equilateral triangle

(i) 3a (ii)
3 a 2

1 ah 2
3 2 a 4

a = side h = altitude =

10.

Isosceles triangle

2a + c
c

c 4a 2 c 2 4

c = unequal side a = equal side

d

11.

d(hypotenuse) Isosceles right triangle =a 2 a = Each of equal sides. The angles are 90o, 45o, 45o.

2a + d

1 2 a 2

12.

Circle r = radius of the circle

=
22 or 3.1416 7

2r

r2

13.

Semicircle

r = radius of the circle

R r

r + 2r

1 2 r 2

14.

Ring (shaded region)

. R = outer radius r = inner radius

o r

(R2 r2)

l + 2r

15.

Sector of a circle

l o = central angle of

where l =

the sector r = radius of the sector l = length of the arc

Ex.1 A horizontal pipe for carrying floodwater has diameter 1 m. When water in it is 10 cm deep then the width of water surface AB is equal A to ________ cm. (1) 10 cm (2) 25 cm (3) 60 cm (4) 70 cm (5) None 100 Sol. Let O be the centre of circle. O In OAD

2r 360

r2 360

B 10 cm

502 = 402 + x2 2 2500 1600 = x x2 = 900 x = 30

AB = 2x = 60 cm. Answer: (3)

50 cm A

40 cm 50 cm

D x

10 cm

Ex.2 Area of the shaded region is

4 3 3 4 2 r (1) 4
(3)

4 8 3 2 (2) r 4
(4)

4 3 3 + 4 2 r 4 (5) None of these

4 3 3 4 2 r 4 3 3 2 3 3 2 1 r = r 2 4 2
r 2 = r2

o 60o 60

Sol.

Area of the semi-hexagonal patch = Area of the semi-square patch =

Area of shaded region = r2 r2 =

2r

3 3 2 r 4
Answer: (1)

( 4 4 3 3 ) 2 r. 4

Volume
Nature
S. No

MENION

Lateral/ Shape of the solid curved surface area

Total surface area Volume Abbreviations Used

of the solid

1.

Cuboid
l

2h (l + b)

2(lb + bh + lh)

lbh

l = length b = breath h = height

4a 2. Cube
a a

6a

a = length of edge

3.

Right prism

(perimeter of base) Height

2 (area of one end) + lateral surface area

Area of base height

4.

Right circular cylinder

h r

2rh

2r(r + h)

r2h

r = radius of base h = height of the cylinder

1 (Perimeter 2

5.

Right pyramid

of the base) (slant height)

Area of the base + lateral surface area

1 (Area of 3 base) height h = height r = radius l = slant height

l r

6.

Right circular cone

r l

r(l + r)

1 2 r h 3

S. No

Nature of the solid

Shape of the solid

Lateral/ curved surface area

Total surface area

Volume

Abbreviations Used

r = radius 7. Sphere
r

4r2

4 3 r 3

r = radius

8.

Hemisphere
R r

2r2

3r2

2 3 r 3

R = outer radius r = inner radius 4 (R r )

2 2

9.

Spherical shell

4 (R3r3) 3

10.

Volume of bucket

R h r

h 2 2 (R + r + Rr) 3

R = larger radius r = smaller radius h = height

Length of a diagonal:
The length of diagonal of a cuboid = The length of a diagonal of a cube = a
l2 + b
3
2

+ h

Ex.1 An insect is crawling to climb a 20 metre long pipe of diameter 3.5 metres. If the insect take 4 circular rounds to reach the top of the building, then what will be total distance (in nearer metres) traveled by insect to reach the top? (1) 47 m Sol. (2) 48 m (3) 49 m (4) 50 m
Since the insect is moving in circular way, so it will cover the distance which will be 4 times the distance of the longest side AB of a right angled triangle. In the figure AO is equal to the circumference of the pipe. AO = d = BO = 5 m AB =
112 + 5 2 =
146 = 12.08 m
5 B 5 A 2r O

22 x3.5 = 11 m 7

5 5

Total distance traveled = 12.08 4 = 48.32 m Hence distance in nearer meters = 48 m

Ex.2 The surface area of a cube is 726 sq metres. Find the volume of the cube. (1) 1234 m2 Sol.
In a cube, S = 6a2 = 726 a2 = 121 a = 11 m So, V = a3 = 113 = 1331 m3.

(2) 1431 m2
2

(3) 1341 m

(4) 1331 m

(5) None of these

Surface area S = 726 m Volume V = ?

Answer: (4)

CATsyllabus.com | Quant: Mensuration