Chapter 1 Measurements

1.7 Density

Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Density
Density

Compares the mass of an object to its volume. Is the mass of a substance divided by its
volume. Density expression Density = mass = g or g = g/cm3 volume mL cm3 Note: 1 mL = 1 cm3

Densities of Common Substances

Learning Check
Osmium is a very dense metal. What is its density in g/cm3 if 50.0 g of osmium has a volume of 2.22 cm3?

1) 2.25 g/cm3 2) 22.5 g/cm3

3) 111 g/cm3

Solution
Given: mass = 50.0 g volume = 22.2 cm3 Plan: Place the mass and volume of the osmium metal in the density expression. D = mass volume = 50.0 g 2.22 cm3

calculator final answer (2)

= 22.522522 g/cm3 = 22.5 g/cm3

Volume by Displacement
A solid completely
submerged in water displaces its own volume of water. The volume of the solid is calculated from the volume difference. 45.0 mL - 35.5 mL = 9.5 mL = 9.5 cm3
Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Density Using Volume Displacement

The density of the zinc object is then calculated from its mass and volume.
mass = 68.60 g = 7.2 g/cm3 volume 9.5 cm3

Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Learning Check
What is the density (g/cm3) of 48.0 g of a metal if the level of water in a graduated cylinder rises from 25.0 mL to 33.0 mL after the metal is added? 1) 0.17 g/cm3 2) 6.0 g/cm3 3) 380 g/cm3

25.0 mL

33.0 mL object
8

Solution
Given: 48.0 g Volume of water = 25.0 mL Volume of water + metal = 33.0 mL Need: Density (g/mL) Plan: Calculate the volume difference. Change to cm3, and place in density expression. 33.0 mL - 25.0 mL = 8.0 mL 8.0 mL x 1 cm3 1 mL = 8.0 cm3

Set up Problem: Density = 48.0 g = 8.0 cm3

6.0 g = 6.0 g/cm3 1 cm3

9

Sink or Float
Ice floats in
water because the density of ice is less than the density of water.

Aluminum sinks
because its density is greater than the density of water.

Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10

Learning Check
Which diagram correctly represents the liquid layers in the cylinder? Karo (K) syrup (1.4 g/mL), vegetable (V) oil (0.91 g/mL,) water (W) (1.0 g/mL) 1 2 3

W
K

K
V

V
W
11

Solution
1)

V W K

vegetable oil 0.91 g/mL

water 1.0 g/mL Karo syrup 1.4 g/mL

12

Density as a Conversion Factor

Density can be written as an equality. For a substance with a density of 3.8 g/mL, the equality is 3.8 g = 1 mL

From this equality, two conversion factors can be

written for density.

Conversion factors

3.8 g 1 mL

and

1 mL 3.8 g

13

Learning Check
The density of octane, a component of gasoline, is 0.702 g/mL. What is the mass, in kg, of 875 mL of octane? 1) 0.614 kg

2) 614 kg
3) 1.25 kg

14

Solution
1) 0.614 kg

Given: D = 0.702 g/mL

Unit plan: mL g kg Equalities: density and 0.702 g

V= 875 mL
= 1 mL

1 kg = 1000 g

Setup: 875 mL x 0.702 g x 1 kg = 0.614 kg 1 mL 1000 g

density factor metric factor
15

Learning Check
If olive oil has a density of 0.92 g/mL, how many liters of olive oil are in 285 g of olive oil? 1) 0.26 L 2) 0.31 L 3) 310 L

16

Solution
2) 0.31 L Given: D = 0.92 g/mL mass = 285 g Need: volume in liters Plan: g mL L Equalities: 1 mL = 0.92 g and 1 L = 1000 mL Set Up Problem: 285 g x 1 mL x 0.92 g
density factor

1L = 1000 mL
metric factor

0.31 L

17

Learning Check
A group of students collected 125 empty aluminum cans to take to the recycling center. If 21 cans make 1.0 lb aluminum, how many liters of aluminum (D=2.70 g/cm3) are obtained from the cans? 1) 1.0 L 2) 2.0 L 3) 4.0 L

18

Solution
1) 1.0 L 125 cans x 1.0 lb x 454 g x 1 cm3 x 1 mL x 1L 21 cans 1 lb 2.70 g 1 cm3 1000 mL = 1.0 L

19

Learning Check
Which of the following samples of metals will displace the greatest volume of water? 1 25 g of aluminum 2.70 g/mL 2 45 g of gold 19.3 g/mL 3 75 g of lead 11.3 g/mL

20

Solution
1) 25 g of aluminum 2.70 g/mL

Plan: Calculate the volume for each metal and select the metal sample with the greatest volume. 1) 25g x 1 mL = 9.3 mL aluminum 2.70 g 2) 45 g x 1 mL = 2.3 mL gold 19.3 g 3) 75 g x 1 mL = 6.6 mL lead 11.3 g

21