Experiment 2F: 1C Group 2

HIGH CARBOHYDRATE DIET WITH MODERATE EXERCISE

I. Results Table 1: High Carbohydrate Diet with Moderate Exercise Dipstick Test Results High Carbohydrate Diet Dipstick Test with Moderate Exercise Normal Values pH 5.0 4.6 - 8.0 Specific Gravity Nitrogen Albumin Glucose 1.010 Negative ( - ) Negative ( - ) Negative ( - ) 1.001-1.035. Negative ( - ) Negative ( - ) Negative ( - )

Results were taken using a dipstick test of a urine sample of participant F, after having a high carbohydrate diet with moderate exercise. Urine pH, specific gravity, nitrogen, albumin and glucose levels were within the normal values.

II. Interpretation and Discussion Urine pH is a measure of mainly its hydrogen ion concentration. In accordance with, urine sample must be fresh before performing the test. This is done to avoid discrepancies and contamination of the sample, as much as with the results. The sample urine pH fell into the lower range of the normal value. In relation with, there are factors contributing to the acidity of the urine, one of which is having a high carbohydrate diet. Thus, participant F was expected to have a low hydrogen ion concentration on his urine. Specific gravity of urine is determines the dilution or saturation of the urine solutes, examples are ions. The sample urine possessed a normal value of its specific gravity. On the other hand, it must be decreased after having moderate exercise. Renal response to exercise can decrease urine specific gravity since water and more ions are reabsorbed. The sample also gained negative result for protein. It expected to have a moderate presence or trace amounts of this. The participant had exercise that exercise can change the metabolic processes of the body, causing a need for additional oxygen supply to the muscles and the breakdown of the simple sugar glucose to be used for energy by the working muscles. This change leads to the need for removal of waste products of metabolism by the liver. The kidney in turn filters the blood to remove excess nutrients and waste products for elimination in the urine. This can lead to excess protein in the urine and, occasionally, blood as well (Patel, 2006).

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The participants urine nitrogen and glucose were both negative, which indicates absence of bacterial infection and diabetic problems. (Speroni, 2011). These results were not affected by the treatment condition of the participant. Significance of high protein diet with moderate exercise are especially applicable for athletes. A study published in 2005 in the Journal of Nutrition shows that exercise is more effective when paired with a moderately high-protein diet. Researchers concluded that the protein-rich diet is successful in maintaining muscle mass while burning fat because protein foods, like beef, contain high levels of the amino acid leucine, which works with insulin to promote muscle growth. An increased carbohydrate diet can lead to an increase in Acetyl CoA which can lead to ketogenesis. An increase in ketone bodies in the blood can be manifested as the presence of ketone in urine. Urine glucose is negative since the representative engaged in moderate exercise for 20 minutes, 40 minutes before testing. III. Conclusion Having a high carbohydrate diet with moderate exercise can decrease urine pH and specific gravity, while eliminating protein, ketone, nitrogen, and glucose presence. Urine pH mainly depends upon hydrogen ion concentration which decreases upon having high carbohydrate diet. Specific gravity is a ratio of dilution and saturation of the urines solutes. This is expected to decrease after having a exercise, due to water and ions reabsorption. Urine glucose, nitrogen and ketone bodies did not resemble its presence since the participant undergone a high carb diet with exercise.

IV. References

Patel, Hiren P., MD. (2006). The Abnormal Urinalysis. Pediatr Clin N Am 53 (2006) 325 337. Retrieved September 16, 2012 at http://inovapeds.org/library/readings/Proteinuria/ The%20Abnormal%20Urinanaylsis.pdf. Michaud, Lyn. (2011). Protein & Blood in the Urine After Mild Exercise. Retrieved September 16, 2012 at http://www.livestrong.com/article/426955-protein-blood-in-the-urine-after-mild-exercise/ Patel, Hiren P., MD. (2006). The Abnormal Urinalysis. Pediatr Clin N Am 53 (2006) 325 337. Retrieved September 16, 2012 at http://inovapeds.org/library/readings/Proteinuria/ The%20Abnormal%20Urinanaylsis.pdf. Speroni, Anthony, MD. (2011). Urinalysis Results Interpretation. Retrieved September 16, 2012 at http://www.drsperoni.com/downloads/articles/Urinalysis_Results_Interpretation.pdf Urinalysis Dipstick Screen. (2009) Retrieved September 16, 2012 at http://www.ok.gov/health/documents/2010%20PROC%20%20F%20Urinalysis2%20updated%20 01-10.pdf Page 2 of 2