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Lipideos
Lipids are organic compounds, found in living organisms, that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents Organic Compounds are classified as lipids on the basis of a physical property: their solubility in an organic solvent Lipids have a variety of structures and functions

Classificao dos Lipdeos Classificao por funo:

- Estocagem: Triglicerdeos - Reserva de Energia - Componentes de membrana: Lipdeos biliares - Mensageiros: - mensageiros primrios:hormonios esteroidais - Mensageiros secundrios: prostaglandinas e tromboxanas mediadores da resposta hormonal

- Vitaminas lipoflicas - Xenobioticos

Classificao pelas propriedades fsicas: - Ceras esteres de cadeia longa - Graxas triglicerdeos slidos e semislidos - leos triglicerdeos lquidos Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains

Classificao por estrutura: - Lipideos simples - cidos graxos - leos e gordeuras - Ceras - Lipidedos complexos - Fosfolipideos - Glicolipideos - Esterois - Prostaglandinas, tromboxanas e leucotrienos

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Propriedades Fsicas: Ponto de fuso 13 C

saturated 18-carbon fatty acid melts at 69 C

The physical properties of the fatty acids, and of compounds that contain them, are largely determined by the length and degree of unsaturation of the hydrocarbon chain. The carboxylic acid group is polar (and ionized at neutral pH) and

-5 C

-11 C

accounts for the slight solubility of short-chain fatty acids in water Melting points are also strongly influenced by the length and degree of unsaturation of the hydrocarbon chain. At room temperature (25 C), the saturated fatty acids from 12:0 to 24:0 have a waxy consistency, whereas unsaturated fatty acids of these lengths are oily liquids.

Waxes are esters formed from long-chain carboxylic acids and long-chain alcohols

water repellent

Biological wax. (a) Triacontanoylpalmitate, the major component of beeswax, is an ester of palmitic acid with the alcohol triacontanol.

Pingos de chuva em uma pena

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Triacylglycerols

Triacylglycerols

Triacylglycerols that are solids or semisolids at room temperature are called fats Triacylglycerols that are liquid at room temperature are called oils Organisms store energy in the form of triacylglycerols

Animals products

Plant products

Propriedades dos triglicerdeos: Estado fsico Hidrogenao Oxidao Saponificao

Hidrogenao

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Efeito do calor

slido Gordura Hidrogenada

Produto secundrio da hidrogenao

Oxidao Polyunsaturated fats and oils are easily oxidized by by means of a radical chain reaction

The reaction of fatty acids with causes them to become rancid. The unpleasant taste and smell associated with rancidity are the results of further oxidation of the alkyl hydroperoxide to shorter chain carboxylic acids such as butyric acid that have strong odors

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Saponificao

Detergentes sintticos

Amphipathic lipid aggregates that form in water.

Aplicaes:

(a) In micelles, the hydrophobic chains of the fatty acids are sequestered at the core of the sphere. There is virtually no water in the hydrophobic interior. (b) In an open bilayer, all acyl side chains except those at the edges of the sheet are protected from interaction with water. (c) When a two-dimensional bilayer folds on itself, it forms a closed bilayer, a three-dimensional hollow vesicle (liposome) enclosing an aqueous cavity.

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Phosphoacylglycerols (also called phosphoglycerides) are the major components of cell membranes

The fluidity of a membrane is controlled by the fatty acid components of the phosphoacylglycerols and cholesterol

Phosphoacylglycerols (also called phosphoglycerides) are the major components of cell membranes

Sphingolipids are also found in membranes. They are the major lipid components in the myelin sheaths of nerve fibers.

lipid bilayer

Two of the most common kinds of sphingolipids are sphingomyelins and cerebrosides

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Structural Lipids in Membranes Glicolipideos

The central architectural feature of biological membranes is a double layer of lipids, which acts as a barrier to the passage of polar molecules and ions. Membrane lipids are amphipathic: one end of the molecule is hydrophobic, the other hydrophilic.

Some common types of storage and membrane lipids

The unsaturated fatty acid chains of phosphoacylglycerols are susceptible to oxidation reaction leading to the degradation of membranes. Vitamin E (-tocopherol) is an important antioxidant that protects fatty acid chains from degradation via oxidation

Molculas sinalizadores na comunicao qumica

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