INSTITUTO POLITCNICO NACIONAL

ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE CMPUTO

LABORATORY OF FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS OF CIRCUITS

PRACTICE 7: NODES ANALYSIS

PUPIL: TURANZAS CHIMALPOPOCA, PAULINO DE JESUS

PROFESSOR: FIGUEROA DEL PRADO, FELIPE DE JESUS

DELIVERY DATE: 16-06-2012

ACADEMIA DE FUNDAMENTOS ELECTRNICOS

SYLLABUS

ndice de contenido
OBJECTIVE..............................................................................................................................................3
MATERIAL AND EQUIP.........................................................................................................................3
THEORETICAL INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................4
Figure 1..................................................................................................................................................4
DEVELOPMENT OF PRACTICE............................................................................................................5
CURRENTS..........................................................................................................................................5
Figure 2.............................................................................................................................................5
TABLE 1...........................................................................................................................................5
SIMULATIONS ...............................................................................................................................6
VOLTAGES...........................................................................................................................................7
TABLE 2...........................................................................................................................................7
SIMULATIONS................................................................................................................................7
RESISTORS..........................................................................................................................................8
TABLE 3...........................................................................................................................................8
QUESTIONARY.......................................................................................................................................9
CONCLUTIONS.......................................................................................................................................9

OBJECTIVE
The pupil will apply thew method of nodes for determine the present voltages in a circuit, like to finalize the practice, stay
in possibilities to employ this technician in the calculation of the voltage drops in the web like contain multiple nodes.
MATERIAL AND EQUIP
EQUIP

MATERIAL

One multimeter

One breadboard

One variable voltage font

Two 680 1/2W resistors

Two 330 1/2W resistors

One 270 1/2W resistor

One 560 1/2W resistor

One 100 1/2W resistor

Two 1k 1/2W resistors

Four bannana-bannana tips

Four bannana-caiman tips

Connection wires

Cutting pliers

Nose pliers

THEORETICAL INTRODUCTION
In this practice we search what the pupil increase his capacities in the analysis of electric circuits, like mode he can calculate
the voltage in web with contain multiple nodes. In nodal analysis employs the LCK to determine the voltages in nodes,
which define it with respect to common point, or reference node, in the circuit under analysis. With frequency this node it's
one with the mayor number of branches and commonly denominate it GROUND owing we said have a potential in ground
zero, and some times represents the chassis or line of ground in a practical circuit.
In this type of analysis, the variables in the circuit were chosen like the voltages in the nodes. Such variables are selected
like positives with respect the reference node, such what, if someone of the voltages of the nodes it's really negative with
respect the reference node, the analysis indicate it.
Since the existence of one voltage it's define between two nodes, the reference node shall associate in one voltage with each
other nodes and, the voltage in each different node with respect to the reference it's define as NODE VOLTAGE, understand
it for node the connection point of two or more elements of the circuit. In a circuit like contain N nodes, we have N-1 linear
independent equations, like showed in Figure 1.

DEVELOPMENT OF PRACTICE
CURRENTS
Applying the method of nodes to the circuit in the Figure 2, find the theoretical mind (analytic method), the corresponding
values of current that are require in the determined point and write it in the Table 1.

MEASURES

THEORIC VALUE

SIMULATED VALUE

MEASURE VALUE

Current II,II

11.3mA

11.051mA

11.2mA

Current III,III

11.3mA

11.051mA

11.2mA

Current II,0

62mA

22.7mA

61.7mA

Current IIII,0

22.8mA

22.7mA

22.3mA

TABLE 1

SIMULATIONS

VOLTAGES
In the same way, obtain the theoretic values of the voltage, obtained by simulation and measured, and report it in the Table
2.
MEASURES

THEORETICAL VALUE

SIMULATED VALUE

MEASURE VALUE

Voltage VI, 0

12V

12V

12.07V

Voltage VII, 0

9.2415V

9.258V

9.24V

Voltage VII, 0

8.2472V

8.153V

8.23V

Voltage VI, II

2.7585V

2.742V

2.83V

Voltage VII, II
TABLE 2

0.9943V

1.105V

1V
SIMULATIONS

RESISTORS
At last, calculate the power that dissipates each resistor and write it in the Table 3.
RESISTORS

DISSIPATE POWER (WATTS)

R1

0.0246W

R2

8.12W

R3

0.55W

R4

0.218W

R5
R6
R7
R8
R9
TABLE 3

0.01014W

QUESTIONARY
1.- Define what's a node in a electric circuit. R.- A node it's the union of two or more electric parts.
2.- Define what's the node voltage. R.- It's the voltage of the other different nodes about the reference node.
3.- What's name reference node? R.- It's the node with voltage zero, which represents the ground of the circuit.
4.- Describe the method of nodes. R.- Calculate the currents by the potential difference using the voltage nodes and LCK.
5.- Define what's the electric power. R.- It's the heat dissipation by the electricity.
CONCLUTIONS
The method of nodes allows the calculation of the currents between the nodes, using the LCK, without analyze each element
of the electric circuit but using the reference node. This allows save time and get more exactly values.
It's amazing how the elements become heat.