4. The marketing mix is a business tool used in marketing products.

The marketing mix is often crucial when determining a product or brand's unique selling point (the unique quality that differentiates a product from its competitors), and is often synonymous with the 'four Ps': 'price', 'promotion', 'product', and 'place'. However, in recent times, the 'four Ps' have been expanded to the 'seven Ps' with the addition of 'process', 'physical evidence' and 'people' Four 'P's The 'four Ps' consist of the following Product - A product is seen as an item that satisfies what a consumer needs or wants. It is a tangible good or an intangible service. Intangible products are service based like the tourism industry & the hotel industry or codes-based products like cellphone load and credits. Tangible products are those that can be felt physically. Typical examples of mass-produced, tangible objects are the motor car and the disposable razor. A less obvious but ubiquitous mass produced service is a computer operating system.

Every product is subject to a life-cycle including a growth phase followed by a maturity phase and finally an eventual period of decline as sales falls. Marketers must do careful research on how long the life cycle of the product they are marketing is likely to be and focus their attention on different challenges that arise as the product moves through each stage The marketer must also consider the product mix. Marketers can expand the current product mix by increasing a certain product line's depth or by increase the number of product lines. Marketers should consider how to position the product, how to exploit the brand, how to exploit the company's resources and how to configure the product mix so that each product complements the other. The marketer must also consider product development strategies. Price The price is the amount a customer pays for the product. The price is very important as it determines the company's profit and hence, survival. Adjusting the price has a profound impact on the marketing strategy, and depending on the price elasticity of the product, often, it will affect the demand and sales as well. The marketer should set a price that complements the other elements of the marketing mix

When setting a price, the marketer must be aware of the customer perceived value for the product. Three basic pricing strategies are: market skimming pricing, marketing penetration pricing and neutral pricing. The 'reference value' (where the consumer refers to the prices of competing products) and the 'differential value' (the consumer's view of this product's attributes versus the attributes of other products) must be taken into account.

Promotion - represents all of the methods of communication that a marketer may use to provide information to different parties about the product. Promotion comprises elements such as: advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion.

Advertising covers any communication that is paid for, from cinema commercials, radio and Internet advertisements through print media and billboards. Public relations is where the communication is not directly paid for and includes press releases, sponsorship deals, exhibitions, conferences, seminars or trade fairs and events. Word-of-mouth is any apparently informal communication about the product by ordinary individuals, satisfied customers or people specifically engaged to create word of mouth momentum. Sales staff often plays an important role in word of mouth and public relations (see 'product' above) Place - refers to providing the product at a place which is convenient for consumers to access. Place is synonymous with distribution. Various strategies such as intensive distribution, selective distribution, exclusive distribution, franchising can be used by the marketer to complement the other aspects of the marketing mix.[1]

Four 'C's Robert F. Lauterborn proposed a four Cs classification in 1993The Four Cs model is more consumer-oriented and attempts to better fit the movement from mass marketing to niche marketing. Product part of the Four Ps model is replaced by Consumer or Consumer Models, shifting the focus to satisfying the consumer needs. Another C replacement for Product is Capable. By defining offerings as individual capabilities that when combined and focused to a specific industry, creates a custom solution rather than pigeon-holing a customer into a product. Pricing is replaced by Cost reflecting the total cost of ownership. Many factors affect Cost, including but not limited to the customer's cost to change or implement the new product or service and the customer's cost for not selecting a competitor's product or service. Promotions feature is replaced by Communication which represents a broader focus than simply Promotions. Communications can include advertising, public relations, personal selling, viral advertising, and any form of communication between the firm and the consumer. Placement is replaced by Convenience. With the rise of internet and hybrid models of purchasing, Place is becoming less relevant. Convenience takes into account the ease of buying the product, finding the product, finding information about the product, and several other factors.

5.
viral video is one that becomes popular through the process of Internet sharing, typically through video sharing websites, social media and email.]Viral videos often contain humorous content and include televised comedy sketches, such as The Lonely Island's Lazy Sunday and Dick in a Box, amateur video clips like Star Wars Kid the Numa Numa videos, The Evolution of Dance, Chocolate Rain on YouTube; and web-only productions such as I Got a Crush... on Obama Some eyewitness events have also been caught on video and have "gone viral"such as the Battle at Kruger. With the proliferation of camera phones,[ many videos are being shot by amateurs on these devices. The availability of inexpensive video editing and publishing tools allows video shot on mobile phones to be edited and distributed virally, by email or website, and between phones by Bluetooth or MMS. These consumer-shot videos are typically noncommercial, intended for viewing by friends or family. A video becoming viral is often unexpected, and an accident, and therefore a video cannot be called viral purely in the creator's intention at the time of recording. The most interesting video that with respect to me it was decortication video Series who get broken APPLE pyretogenesis on YouTube. Because My this ad made shock In other words It impressed is Powerful With Me, I am decortication fruitage with cold stone without the need pedaled little kick. I am will bought a is one of a pair..

10.Some useful tips for presentations taking questions

Seven Steps to Better Presentations

06 Feb 2004 I've noticed a lot of talk about Powerpoint lately. About how it's so terrible and how it enables awful presentations. But the problem isn't Powerpoint, of course. The problem is bad content delivered poorly. I speak for a living, and hear lots and lots of presentations at the conferences I attend. Here are some notes I wrote up for someone who is about to give his first ever public presentation. 1. Tell stories. Seriously. People could care less about the five ways some XML vocabulary will enable enterprise whatever. Rather, put a screenshot of your project up, tell people what you learned while doing it, then give

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them a slide that reiterates those ideas in easy to digest bullets. That's interesting. Even more interesting are before-and-after screenshots. Better yet: a step-by-step evolution. Just do not go from bullet-point slide to bullet-point slide trying to tell people what to think. Show pictures. Got a good metaphor? Use it. "The Web is like a school of fish." But go to images.google.com and type in "sardines" or "school of fish" or whatever. Make it a slide. Then say the Web is like that. Much more powerful and memorable. Don't apologize. Ever. If something is out of order, or if something occurs to you as a mistake during the presentation, keep it to yourself. They'll never know. Besides, nobody cares about the presentation itself. This is really hard, because you know the whole backstory, and you'll be tempted to explain why something isn't quite perfect. Skip it. Also, you don't need to apologize about the color on the projector, or the fact that your mic just popped off your lapel, or that a staff person spilled a pitcher of water. Commiserating is fine, however. "If it gets another 5 degrees colder in here, I'll be able to see my breath!" Start strong. I can't believe how many presenters forget this. Do not get up there and say, "Um, well, I guess we should probably get started." Instead, say, "Hi, I'm Jeff. It's really great to be here, and thank you so much for coming to my session. Today, we're going to talk about...." Make sure those are the absolute first words you say out loud. No need for a joke or an opening or any of that. Just start strong and confident. End strong too. "...so that's why I like social software. I appreciate your attention today. Thank you." Then stand there and wait. Everyone will clap, because you just told them you were done. When they've finished, ask them if they have any questions. If nobody asks anything, break the uncomfortable silence with "Well, I guess I told you everything you need to know then. [heh heh] I'll be around after if you think of anything. Thanks again!" and start packing up your stuff. Stand. Away from the podium. Out from behind the presenter table. Keep your hands out of your pockets. Take off your conference badge (the lights will catch it and be distracting). I pace a little bit around the stage, timed with my points, saying one thing from over here, and another from over there. But don't move too much. Pause. When you say something important, leave a gap after it. Let it hang there for a few seconds. Try it when talking to your friends. "You know what I think? (pause...two...three...four...) I think Bush is bankrupting this country for the next twenty years. (pause...two...three...four...)

Dich:
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phm' , v 'ni'. Tuy nhin, trong thi gian gn y, 'bn Ps' c m rng '7 Ps vi vic b sung' qu trnh ',' bng chng vt l 'v' ngi ' Bn 'P 'Bn Ps' bao gm nhng iu sau y Sn phm - Mt sn phm c xem nh l mt mc m p ng nhng g ngi tiu dng cn hoc mun. N l mt tt dch v hu hnh hoc v hnh. Sn phm v hnh dch v nh ngnh cng nghip du lch - ngnh cng nghip khch sn hoc m da trn cc sn phm nh ti in thoi di ng v tn dng. Sn phm hu hnh l nhng ngi c th c cm thy th cht. Cc v d in hnh sn xut hng lot, cc i tng hu hnh l nhng chic xe ng c v dao co dng mt ln. Mt khi lng t r rng hn nhng ph bin sn xut dch v l mt h thng iu hnh my tnh. Mi sn phm l mt chu k cuc sng bao gm c mt giai on tng trng tip theo l mt giai on trng thnh v cui cng l mt khong thi gian cui cng ca s suy gim t ng bn hng. Cc nh tip th phi nghin cu cn thn v cch di vng i ca sn phm m h ang tip th c th c v tp trung s ch ca h v nhng thch thc khc nhau m pht sinh l sn phm di chuyn qua tng giai on Cc nh tip th cng phi xem xt s pha trn sn phm. Tip th c th m rng kt hp sn phm hin ti bng cch tng su ca dng sn phm nht nh hoc bng cch tng s lng cc dng sn phm. Cc nh tip th nn xem xt lm th no nh v sn phm, lm th no khai thc thng hiu, lm th no khai thc ngun ti nguyn ca cng ty v lm th no cu hnh kt hp sn phm mi sn phm b sung khc. Cc nh tip th cng phi xem xt chin lc pht trin sn phm. Gi - gi l s tin khch hng tr tin cho sn phm. Gi l rt quan trng v n xc nh li nhun ca cng ty v do s sng cn,. iu chnh gi c mt tc ng su sc v chin lc tip th, v ty thuc vo co gin gi ca sn phm, thng xuyn, n s nh hng n nhu cu v bn hng l tt. Cc nh tip th cn phi thit lp mt mc gi b sung cc yu t khc ca marketing hn hp Khi thit lp mt mc gi, cc nh tip th phi c nhn thc ca cc gi tr khch hng nhn thc cho sn phm. Ba chin lc gi c bn l: th trng lt gi c, gi c, thm nhp th trng v gi c trung lp. Gi tr tham chiu (ni m ngi tiu dng cp n gi ca sn phm cnh tranh) v gi tr khc bit gia (ca ngi tiu dng xem cc thuc tnh ca sn phm ny so vi cc thuc tnh ca cc sn phm khc) phi c a vo ti khon. Khuyn mi - i din cho tt c cc phng php truyn thng rng mt nh tip th c th s dng cung cp thng tin cho cc bn khc nhau v sn phm. Xc tin bao gm cc yu t nh: qung co, quan h cng chng, bn hng c nhn v xc tin bn hng. Qung co bao gm bt k thng tin lin lc c tr tin cho, t qung co in nh, pht thanh, qung co Internet thng qua cc phng tin truyn thng in n v bng qung co. Quan h cng chng l ni giao tip l khng trc tip tr tin cho v bao gm thng co bo ch, ng ti tr, trin lm, hi ngh, hi tho, hi ch thng mi v cc s kin. Word-of-ming l bt k thng tin lin lc r rng khng chnh thc v sn phm ca cc c nhn bnh thng, khch hng hi lng hoc nhng ngi c bit tham gia to ra t ming. Nhn vin bn hng thng ng mt vai tr quan trng trong li ca ming v quan h cng chng (xem 'sn phm' trn) Place - cp n cung cp cc sn phm ti mt ni thun tin cho ngi tiu dng truy cp. a im l ng ngha vi phn phi. Chin lc khc nhau nh phn phi

chuyn su, phn phi c chn lc, phn phi c quyn, nhng quyn thng mi c th c s dng bi cc nh tip th b sung cho cc kha cnh khc ca marketing hn hp [1]. Bn 'C Robert F. Lauterborn xut bn Cs phn loi trong 1993The Cs Bn m hnh tiu dng theo nh hng v n lc ph hp hn vi chuyn ng t tip th i chng tip th thch hp. Sn phm phn ca m hnh Ps Bn c thay th bi cc m hnh tiu dng hoc ngi tiu dng, chuyn dch tp trung p ng nhu cu tiu dng. Mt thay th C cho sn phm l C kh nng. Bng vic xc nh cc dch v nh kh nng c nhn m khi kt hp v tp trung vo mt ngnh cng nghip c th, to ra mt gii php ty chnh ch khng phi l chim b cu-holing mt khch hng vo sn phm. Vt gi c thay th bng chi ph phn nh tng chi ph s hu. Nhiu yu t nh hng n chi ph, bao gm nhng khng gii hn vi chi ph ca khch hng thay i hoc thc hin cc sn phm hay dch v mi v chi ph ca khch hng khng la chn mt sn phm hay dch v ca i th cnh tranh. Tnh nng chng trnh khuyn mi c thay th bi truyn thng i din cho mt tp trung rng hn so vi cc chng trnh khuyn mi n gin. Truyn thng c th bao gm qung co, quan h cng chng, bn hng c nhn, qung co virus, v cc hnh thc thng tin lin lc gia cng ty v ngi tiu dng. V tr c thay th bng cch tin li. Vi s ni ln ca Internet v cc m hnh lai mua, Place tr nn t lin quan. Thun tin s a vo ti khon d dng mua sn phm, tm kim cc sn phm, tm kim thng tin v sn phm, v mt s yu t khc. 5. virus on video l mt trong s tr thnh ph bin thng qua qu trnh chia s Internet, thng thng qua cc trang web chia s phim, phng tin truyn thng x hi v email] video virus thng cha ni dung hi hc v bao gm phc tho b phim hi truyn hnh, nh Lazy Cc o Lonely ca Ch Nht v Dick trong mt Box. , video clip nghip d nh Star Wars Kid cc video Numa Numa, Evolution ca Rain Dance Chocolate, trn YouTube, v sn xut ch web nh I Got Vang ... Obama Mt s nhn chng s kin cng b bt trn video v "i virus" nh trong trn chin ti Kruger. Vi s gia tng ca in thoi chp nh, [video nhiu ngi b bn bi nghip d trn cc thit b ny. S sn c cc chnh sa video khng tn km v cc cng c xut bn cho php video quay trn in thoi di ng c chnh sa v phn phi virally, qua email hoc trang web, v gia cc in thoi bng Bluetooth hoc MMS. Nhng on phim nyshot tiu dng thng khng thng mi, nhm mc ch xem bn b hoc gia nh. Mt on video tr thnh virus thng l bt ng, v mt tai nn, v do mt on video khng th c gi l virus hon ton trong nh ca ngi sng to ti thi im ghi m. Video th v nht i vi ti n l decortication Video Series c ph v APPLE pyretogenesis trn YouTube. Bi v qung co ny ca ti lm sc Ni cch khc, n tng l mnh m With Me, ti decortication s sanh trai vi lnh m khng c cht kick cn p. Ti s mua mt l mt trong nhng cp .. Li khuyn hu ch 10.Some cho bi thuyt trnh dng cc cu hi

By bc thuyt trnh tt hn Ngy 06 thng 2 nm 2004 Ti nhn thy rt nhiu ni v Powerpoint gn y. Gii thiu nh th no cng khng khip v lm th no n cho php thuyt trnh khng khip. Nhng vn khng phi l Powerpoint, tt nhin. Vn l ni dung xu giao km. Ti ni cho mt cuc sng, v nghe rt nhiu v rt nhiu cc bi thuyt trnh ti hi ngh ti tham d. Di y l mt s ghi ch ti vit cho mt ngi v cung cp cho trnh by cng cng u tin ca mnh. 1. K chuyn. Nghim tc. Con ngi c th chm sc t hn v cch mt s t vng XML s cho php bt c iu g doanh nghip. Thay vo , t mt nh chp mn hnh ca d n ca bn, ni vi mi ngi nhng g bn hc c trong khi lm n, sau cung cp cho h mt slide nhc li nhng tng d dng tiu ha nhng vin n. Cai o tht hp dn. Thm ch th v l trc khi v sau khi nh chp mn hnh. Tt hn: mt s tin ha-by-step. Ch cn khng i t im trt n n im slide c gng ni vi mi ngi suy ngh nhng g. 2. Hin th hnh nh. C mt php n d tt? S dng n. "Web l ging nh mt n c". Nhng i images.google.com v g "c mi" hoc "trng hc ca c" hoc bt c iu g. Lm cho n mt slide. Sau ni rng trang web l nh th. Mnh hn rt nhiu v ng nh. 3. ng xin li. Bao gi ht. Nu mt ci g ra khi trt t, hoc nu c iu g xy ra vi bn nh l mt sai lm trong bi trnh by, gi cho chnh mnh. H s khng bao gi bit. Bn cnh , khng ai quan tm n trnh by ring ca mnh. iu ny l thc s kh khn, bi v bn bit ton b ct truyn, v bn s b cm d gii thch l do ti sao mt ci g khng phi l kh hon ho. B qua n. Ngoi ra, bn khng cn phi xin li v mu sc trn my chiu, hoc thc t rng mic ca bn ch cn ly ra khi ve o ca bn, hoc mt nhn vin mt bnh nc. Commiserating l tt, tuy nhin. "Nu n c thm 5 lnh hn y, ti s c th nhn thy hi th ca ti!" 4. Bt u mnh m. Ti khng th tin c nhiu din gi qun ny. Khng nhn c v ni, "Um, tt, ti on c l chng ta nn bt u." Thay vo , ni, "Xin cho, ti l Jeff N thc s tuyt vi c mt y, v cm n bn rt nhiu cho n phin ca ti. Hm nay, chng ta s ni chuyn v ...." Hy chc chn rng l nhng li u tin tuyt i bn ni to. Khng cn cho mt tr a hoc m mt hoc bt k . Ch cn bt u mnh m v t tin. 5. Kt thc mnh m qu. "... V vy l l do ti sao ti thch phn mm x hi nh gi cao s quan tm ca bn ngy hm nay. Cm n bn." Sau ng v ch i. Tt c mi ngi s v tay, bi v bn ch ni vi h bn c thc hin. Khi h hon tt, yu cu h nu h c bt c cu hi no. Nu khng ai hi bt c iu g, ph v s im lng kh chu vi "Vng, ti on ti ni vi bn mi th bn cn bit sau . [Heh heh] s c xung quanh sau khi nu bn ngh rng bt c iu g. Mt ln na!" v bt u ng gi cng c ca bn. 6. ng. i t cc khn i. Ra t pha sau bng trnh by. Gi bn tay ca bn ra khi ti ca bn. i huy hiu hi ngh ca bn (n s bt n v mt tp trung). Tc mt cht xung quanh sn khu, thi gian vi cc im ca ti, ni mt iu t trn y, v mt t

pha kia. Tuy nhin, khng di chuyn qu nhiu. 7. Tm dng. Khi bn ni iu g quan trng, li mt khong cch sau khi n. Hy n treo trong vi giy. Hy th n khi ni chuyn vi bn b ca bn. "Bn bit nhng g ti ngh (pause. ... hai ... ba ... 4 ...) Ti ngh rng Tng thng Bush c ph sn t nc cho hai mi nm ti? (Pause. ... hai ... ba ... 4 ...)