SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Life Expectancy
Following table shows life expectancy at birth (in years) in selected countries.
(Source: Human Development Report, 1999)

Country
Japan Norway Iceland Switzerland Sweden Hong Kong Australia Italy France Greece Hungary Lithuania China Thailand Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan Brazil Mongolia India Iraq Myanmar Comoros Madagascar Lesotho South Africa Central African Republic Ethiopia Burundi Rwanda All Developing Countries Least Developing Country Industrialized Countries World

Life Expectancy
80.0 79.0 79.0 78.6 78.5 78.5 78.2 78.2 78.1 78.1 70.9 69.9 69.8 68.8 67.6 67.5 66.8 65.8 62.6 62.4 60.1 58.8 57.5 56.0 54.7 44.9 43.3 42.4 40.5 64.4 51.7 77.7 66.7

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Vitamins, Minerals and their Sources Vitamin
Vitamin A Beta Carotene B1 B2 B3 B6 B12 Folic Acid Pantothenic acid Biotin Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Minerals Calcium Phosphorus Iodine Magnesium Zinc Potassium Copper, Selenium and Chromium

Food Sources
Meat, dairy products Green leafy vegetables; yellow and orange fruit and vegetables (carrot, papaya, pumpkin) Cereal Vegetables Meat, beans, peanuts, leafy greens Cereals Meat, pulses, wheat Liver, meat, eggs Fermented foods containing yeast (bread, idly, etc); fruit; leafy vegetables Liver, yeast, egg yolk, milk, soya Egg, peanuts, cheese, chicken Citrus fruit, potatoes, green vegetables Sunlight Almonds, vegetable oils, cereals, leafy greens Good Sources Dairy products, bony fish, leafy greens Supplied by normal eating Iodized salt Fruits, vegetables, pulses and whole grains Seeds, e.g. til (sesame) Cereals, pulses and legumes, leafy greens Most people get these enough from their diet

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First in India (Men) S.No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

Field
The first President of Indian Republic The first Prime Minister of free India The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress The first Indian to win Nobel Prize The first President of Indian National Congress The first Muslim President of India The first British Governor General of India The first British Viceroy of India The first Governor General of free India The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of free India The first man who introduced printing press in India The first Indian to join the I.C.S. India's first man in space The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India The first Chief of the Army Staff The first Indian member of the Viceroy's executive council The first President of India who died while in office The first Field Marshal of India The first Indian to get Nobel prize in Physics The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award The first Indian to cross English channel The first person to receive Jnanpith award The first Speaker of the Lok Sabha The first Vice-President of India The first Education Minister The first Home Minister of India The first Indian Air Chief Marshal The first Indian Naval Chief The first judge of International Court of Justice The first person to receive Paramveer Chakra The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen The first Chief Election Commissioner The first person to receive Magsaysay Award

Person
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru Badruddin Tayyabji Rabindranath Tagore W. C. Banerjee Dr. Zakir Hussain Lord William Bentinck Lord Canning Lord Mountbatten C. Rajgopalachari James Hicky Satyendra Nath Tagore Rakesh Sharma Morarji Desai General Cariappa Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji S. P. Sinha Dr. Zakir Hussain S.H.F. Manekshaw C.V. Raman Dr. Radhakrishnan Mihir Sen Sri Shankar Kurup Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar Dr. Radhakrishnan Abul Kalam Azad Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel S. Mukherjee Vice Admiral R. D. Katari Dr. Nagendra Singh Major Somnath Sharma Sherpa Anga Dorjee Sukumar Sen Acharya Vinoba Bhave
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35 36 37 38 39 40 41 The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine The first Chinese traveller to visit India The first person to receive Stalin Prize The first person to resign from the central cabinet The first foreigner to receive Bharat Ratna The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court Hargovind Khurana Fahein Saifuddin Kitchlu Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Amartya Sen Justice Hiralal J. Kania

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First in India Women S.No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Field
The first woman Prime Minister The First Woman President The first woman judge in Supreme Court The first woman Ambassador The first woman Governor of a State in free India The first woman to climb Mount Everest The first woman to climb Mount Everest twice The first woman President of the Indian National Congress The first woman chief justice of a High Court The first woman pilot in Indian Air Force The first woman President of the United Nations General Assembly The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian State The first woman chairman of Union Public Service Commission The first woman Director General of Police (DGP) The first woman Lieutenent General The first woman Air Vice Marshal The first woman chairperson of Indian Airlines The first woman I.P.S. Officer The first and the last Muslim woman ruler of Delhi The first woman to receive Ashoka Chakra The first woman to cross English Channel The first woman to receive Nobel Prize The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award

Person
Mrs. Indira Gandhi Mrs. Pratibha Patil Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi Miss C.B. Muthamma Mrs. Sarojini Naidu Bachhendri Pal Santosh Yadav Mrs. Annie Besant Mrs. Leela Seth Harita Kaur Dayal Mrs. Vijaya Laxmi Pandit Mrs. Sucheta Kripalani Roze Millian Bethew Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya Puneeta Arora P. Bandopadhyaya Sushma Chawla Mrs. Kiran Bedi Razia Sultan Nirja Bhanot Aarti Saha Mother Teresa Mrs. Indira Gandhi Ashapurna Devi

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Important Sites in India S No
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Place
Ajanta Akbar's Tomb Amarnath Cave Amber Palace Anand Bhavan Bhakra Dam Birla Planetarium Black Pagoda Brihadeeswara Temple Brindavan Gardens Buland Darwaza Charminar Chenna Kesava Temple Chilka Lake Dal Lake Dilwara Temples Elephanta Caves Golden Temple Gol Gumbaz Hanging Gardens Hawa Mahal (Palace of Winds) Howrah Bridge Island Palace Itmad-ud-Daulah's Tomb Jagannath Temple Jama Masjid Jantar Mantar Jog (Geresoppa) Falls Kailasanath Temples Kanyakumari Temples Khajuraho Konark Lal Bagh Gardens Mahakaleeswar Temple Mahesuramurthi (Trimurti) Malabar Hills Manmandir Palace Marble Rocks Marina Beach

City/State
Aurangabad (Maharashtra) Sikandara (Uttar Pradesh) Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir) Jaipur (Rajasthan) Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh) Punjab (Punjab) Kolkata (West Bengal) Konark (Orissa) Tanjore (Tamil Nadu) Mysore (Karnataka) Fatepur Sikri (Uttar Pradesh) Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) Belur (Karnataka) Near Bhubaneswar(Orissa) Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir) Mt. Abu (Rajasthan) Mumbai (Maharashtra) Amirtsar (Punjab) Bijapur (Andhra Pradesh) Mumbai (Maharashtra) Jaipur (Rajasthan) Kolkata (West Bengal) Udaipur (Rajasthan) Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Puri (Orissa) Delhi Delhi Mysore (Karnataka) Ellora (Maharashtra) Cape Comorin (Tamil Nadu) Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) Puri (Orissa) Bangalore (Karnataka) Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh) Elephanta Caves (Maharashtra) Mumbai (Maharashtra) Gwalior Fort (Uttar Pradesh) Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) Chennai (Tamil Nadu)
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41 42 43 44 Meenakshi Temple Padmanabha Temple Panch Mahal Tower of Fame Madurai (Tamil Nadu) Trivandrum (Kerala) Fatepur Sikri (Uttar Pradesh) Chittorgarh (Rajasthan)

National Sports of Countries

Name Australia Brazil Canada China England India Japan Malaysia National game Cricket Football Ice Hockey Table Tennis Cricket Hockey Judo Badminton

Number of Players in Important Games

Name of Game Badminton Baseball Basketball Cricket Football Hockey Polo Tennis and Table Tennis Water Polo Volleyball Players 1 (or) 2 9 5 11 11 11 4 1 (or) 2 7 6

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World Athletics Records Women S.No Athlete Name
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Florence G.Joyner Florence G.Joyner Marita Koch Jarmila Kratochvilova Yunxia Qu Elvan Abeylegesse Junxia Wang Gulnara Samitova Yordanka Donkova Yuliya Pechenkina Stefka Kostadinova Yelena Isinbayeva Galina Chistyakova Inessa Kravets Natalya Lisovskaya Gabriele Reinsch Mihaela Melinte Osleidys Menendez Jackie Joyner-Kersee Nadezhda Ryashkina Olimpiada Ivanova

Nation
USA USA East Germany Czechoslovakia China Turkey China Russia Bulgaria Russia Bulgaria Russia USSR Ukraine USSR East Germany Romania Cuba USA USSR Russia

Event
100M 200M 400M 800M 1500M 5000M 10,000M 3000M STEEPLECHASE 100M HURDLES 400M HURDLES HIGH JUMP POLE VAULT LONG JUMP TRIPLE JUMP SHOT PUT DISCUS HAMMER JAVELIN HEPTATHLON 10 KM RACE WALKING 20KM WALK

Time
10.49 21.34 47.6 01:53.3 03:50.5 14:24.7 29:31.8 09:01.6 12.21 52.34 2.09 4.92 752 15.5 22.63 76.8 76.07 71.54 7291 41:56.2 26:52.3

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World Athletics Records for Men S.No Athlete Name Nation Event Time

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Tim Montgomery Michael Johnson Michael Johnson Wilson Kipketer Hicham El Guerrouj Kenenisa Bekele Kenenisa Bekele Saif Saaeed Shaheen Colin Jackson Xiang Liu Kevin Young Javier Sotomayor Sergey Bubka Mike Powell Jonathan Edwards Randy Barnes Jurgen Schult Yuriy Sedykh Jan Zelezny Roman Sebrle Bernardo Segura Thierry Toutain Paul Tergat

USA USA USA DEN MAR ETH ETH QAT GBR CHN USA CUB UKR USA GBR USA GDR RUS CZE CZE MEX FRA KEN

100m 200m 400m 800m 1500m 5000m 10,000m 3000m Steeple Chase 110m Hurdles 110m Hurdles 400m Hurdles High Jump Pole Vault Long Jump Triple Jump Short Put Discus Hammer Javelin Decathlon 20 km Race Walking 50 km Race Walking Marathon

9.78 19.32 43.18 01:41.1 03:26.0 12:37.4 26.20.3 07:53.6 12.91 12.91 46.78 2.45 6.14 8.95 18.29 23.12 74.08 86.74 98.48 9026 17:25.6 40:57.9 2:04:55

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Terms in Games and Sports Game
Badminton Baseball Billiards Boat Race Boxing Bridge Chess Cricket

Terms
Deuce, Double, Drop, Fault, Game, Let, Love, Smash Bunting, Diamond, Home, Pitcher, Put out, Strike Break, Cannons, Cue, In off, Jigger, Scratch Cox Hook, Jab, Knock-out, Punch, upper cut Diamonds, Dummy, Grand slam, Little slam, Revoke, Ruff, Tricks, Trump Check, Checkmate, Gambit, Stalemate Bowling, Bouncer, Crease, Cover point, Drive, Duck, Follow on, Googly, Hat trick, Hit wicket, L. B. W. (Leg Before Wicket), Leg Break, Leg spinner, Maiden over No ball, Pitch, Run, Silly point, Stumped, Wicket keeper Bowling, Bouncer, Crease, Cover point, Drive, Duck, Follow on, Googly, Hat trick, Hit wicket, L. B. W. (Leg Before Wicket), Leg Break, Leg spinner, Maiden over No ball, Pitch, Run, Silly point, Stumped, Wicket keeper Dribble, Drop kick, Foul, Hat trick, Off-side, Penalty, Throw in, Touch Down Bogey, Caddie, Hole, Links, Put, Putting the green, Stymie, Tee Bull, Carry, Centre forward, Carried, Dribble, Goal, Hat trick, Penalty Scoop, Short corner, Sticks, Striking circle, Under cutting Jockey, Place, Protest, Punter, Win Back-hand-drive, Service, Smash, Volley, Deuce, Game, Set, Love Bunder, Chuckker, Mallet Bull's eye Drop kick, Screen Stroke Booster, Deuce, Love, Service, Spikers Half Nelson, Heave

Cricket

Football Golf Hockey Horse Racing Lawn Tennis Polo Rifle Shooting Rugby Swimming Volleyball Wrestling

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Trophies of Different with Sports International
Name of the Trophy American Cup Ashes Cup Azlan Shah Linares Open US Masters Hopman Cup Colombo Cup Davis Cup Derby Kings Cup Merdeka Cup Prince of Wales Cup Swaythling Cup Thomas Cup U. Thant Cup Uber Cup Walker Cup West Chester Cup Heineken Cup US-Open French-Open Australian Open Wimbledon World Cup World Cup World Cup Augusta Masters Champions Trophy British Open Malaysian Open Tata Open Related Game Yatch Racing Cricket (Australia-England) Hockey Golf Golf Lawn Tennis Football Lawn Tennis Horse Race Air Races (England) Football (Asia) Golf (England) World Table Tennis World Badminton (Men) Tennis World Badminton (Women) Golf (England) Polo (England) Lawn Tennis Lawn Tennis Lawn Tennis Lawn Tennis Lawn Tennis Hockey Football Cricket Golf Hockey Golf Badminton Lawn Tennis

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Trophies of Different with Sports National
Name of the Trophy Agha Khan Cup Barna Belleck Cup Beighton Cup Bombay Gold Cup Burdwan Trophy D.C.M. Trophy Dhyanchand Trophy Dr. B.C. Roy Trophy Duleep Trophy Durand Cup Ezra Cup I.F.A Shield Lady Ratan Tata Trophy Moinuddaula Gold Cup Nehru Trophy Radha Mohan Cup Rangaswami Cup Ranji Trophy Rovers Cup Santosh Trophy Scindia Gold Cup Subroto Mukherjee Cup Wellington Trophy Related Game Hockey Table Tennis Hockey Hockey Weight Lifting Football Hockey Football Cricket Football Polo Football Hockey Cricket Hockey Polo Hockey Cricket Football Football Hockey Football Rowing

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Abbreviations
Term Full Form

AAFI AAPSO AASU ABM AC AD ADB AERE AICC AICTE AIDS AlFF AIIMS AIMPLB AIR AITUC AM ANC APEC ASEAN ASLV ASI ASSOCHAM ASWAC ATS BARC BBC BC BCG BCCI BEL BENELUX BHEL BIFR BIMSTEC BIS BSF CAD

Amateur Athletics Federation of India Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization All Assam Students Union Anti Ballistic Missile Alternate Current/Air Conditioner Ano Domini (After the birth of Jesus) Asian Development Bank Atomic Energy Research Establishment All India Congress Committee All India Council of Technical Education Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome All India Football Federation All India Institute of Medical Sciences All India Muslim Personal Law Board All India Radio (Broadcasting) All India Trade Union Congress Anti Meridian (Before Noon) African National Congress Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Association of South East Asian Nations Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle Archaeological Survey of India Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry (India) Airborne Surveillance Warning and Control Anti Tetanus Serum Bhabha Atomic Research Centre British Broadcasting Corporation Before Christ (Before the birth of Jesus) Bacillus Chalmette Guerin (Anti TB Vaccine) Board of Control for Cricket in India Bharat Electronics Limited Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg Bharat Heavy Electronics Limited Board of Industrial Finance and Reconstruction (Formerly Industrial Reconstruction Finance Board) Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Cooperation Bureau of Indian Standards Border Security Force Command Area Development/ Computer Aided Design
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CAG CASE CAT CAZRI CBI CBSE CCS C-DAC CDMA CDRI CHOGM CID CIS CISF CITU CNG COFEPOSA CPO CPRI CRPF CRR CSIR CSO CTS CVC DDT DFDR DIG DM DNA DPAP DPC DRDO DTH DVD EAS ECB ECG EEC EEG ELISA EMF Comptroller and Auditor General Commission for Alternative Sources of Energy Central Administrative Tribunal, Computerized Axial Tomography Central Arid Zone Research Institute Central Bureau of Investigation Central Board of Secondary Education Cabinet Committee on Security Centre For Development of Advance Computing Code Division Multiple Access Central Drug Research Institute Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting Criminal Investigation Department Commonwealth of Independent States Central Industrial Security Force Centre of Indian Trade Unions Compressed Natural Gas Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act Central Passport Organization Central Power Research Institute Central Reserve Police Force Cash Reserve Ratio Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Central Statistical Organization Computerized Tomography Scanner Central Vigilance Commission Dichloro Diphenyle Tri-chloroethane Digital Flight Data Recorder (Black box) Deputy Inspector General District Magistrate Di-oxyribo-Nucleic Acid Drought Prone Area Programme Dabhol Power Company Defence Research and Development Organization Direct to Home Digital Versatile Disk Employment Assurance Scheme European Central Bank / External Commercial Borrowings Electro Cardiogram European Economic Community Electro Encephalogram Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay Electromotive Force
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EPABX EPZ ERDA ESMA EVM EXIM Bank FAO FBI FBTR FCI FDR FERA FEMA FICCI FIPB FIR FRS FTA FTII FTZ GAIL GATT GIC GMT GNLF GNP GPF GPO GPS GSI HAC HAL HDFC HIV HMT HUDCO HYVS IAAI IAEA IARI IBRD ICAR Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange Export Processing Zone Energy Research and Development Administration Essential Services Maintenance Act Electronic Voting Machine Export-Import Bank of India Food and Agriculture Organization Federal Bureau of Investigation (USA) Fast Breeder Test Reactor Food Corporation of India/Fertilizer Corporation of India Flight Data Recorder (Black Box) Foreign Exchange Regulation Act Foreign Exchange Management Act Federation of India Chambers of Commerce and Industry Foreign Investment Promotion Board First Information Report Fellow of the Royal Society Free Trade Area Films and Television Institute of India Free Trade Zone Gas Authority of India Limited General Agreement on Tariff and Trade General Insurance Corporation Greenwich Mean Time Gorkha National Liberation Front Gross National Product General Provident Fund General Post Office Global Positioning System Geological Survey of India Hindustan Aluminum Corporation Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Housing Development Finance Corporation Human Immuno-deficiency Virus Hindustan Machine Tools Housing and Urban Development Corporation High Yield Vanety Seeds International Airport Authority of India International Atomic Energy Agency Indian Agricultural Research Institute International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) Indian Council of Agricultural Research
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ICBM ICC ICFTU ICICI ICJ ICMR ICSI IDA IDBI IDPL IFA IFCI IFFI IFFCO IFTU IIPA IIS IISCO IIT ILO IMA IMF INGCA INS INSAT INTELSAT INTERPOL INTUC IOC IPC IPKF IRBM IRC IRDA IRDP ISB ISO ISP ISRO IST ITBP ITDC Inter Continental Ballistic Missile International Cricket Council International Confederation of Free Trade Unions Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited International Court of Justice Indian Council of Medical Research Indian Company Secretaries Institute International Development Agency Industrial Development Bank of India Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited Indian Football Association Industrial Finance Corporation of India International Film Festival of India Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative International Federation of Trade Unions Indian Institute of Public Administration Indian Institute of Sciences Indian Iron and Steel Company Indian Institute of Technology International Labour Organisation Indian Military Academy International Monetary Fund Indira Gandhi Gallery for Culture and Art Indian Naval Ship Indian National Satellite International Telecommunication Satellite International Police Organisation Indian National Trade Union Congress International Olympic Committee / Indian Oil Corporation Indian Penal Code Indian Peace Keeping Force Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile International Red Cross Insurance Regulatory Development Authority Integrated Rural Development Programme Indian Standard Bureau International Organisation for Standardization Internet Services Provider Indian Space Research Organisation Indian Standard Time Indo-Tibet Border Police Indian Tourism Development Corporation
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ITPO ITO ITUC LASER LIC LoC LoAC LPG LSD LTTE MASTER MBT MCC MFN MI MISA MLA MLC MNC MRTPC MODVAT NABARD NACO NAEP NAFED NAFTA NAPP NASA NASDAQ NASSCOM NATO NCW NCCR NCERT NDA NDDB NEERI NEFA NEPA NFDC NFL NHRC Indian Trade Promotion Organisation International Trade Organization Indian Trade Union Congress Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission of Radiation Life Insurance Corporation of India Line of Control (Pakistan) Line of Actual Control (China) Liquefied Petroleum Gas Lysergic acid di-ethylamide Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Battle Tank Melbourne Cricket Club Most Favored Nation Military Intelligence Maintenance of Internal Security Act Member of Legislative Assembly Member of Legislative Council Multi National Corporation Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission Modified Value Added Tax National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development National AIDS Control Organisation National Adult Education Programme National Agricultural and Marketing Federation North American Free Trade Agreement Narora Atomic Power Plant National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA) National Association of Security Dealer's Active Quotation National Association of Software & Service Companies North Atlantic Treaty Organisation National Commission for Women National Council for Civil Right National Council of Educational Research & Training National Defence Academy National Dairy Development Board (Anand, Gujarat) National Environment Engineering Research Institute North-East Frontier Agency National Environment Protection Authority National Film Development Corporation National Fertilizer Limited National Human Rights Commission
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NIDC NIMHANS NITlE NMEP NOIDA NPC NPP NPT NRDC NREP NRI NSC NSSO NTC NTPC OGL OIL OK ONGC OPEC PCI PIN PLO PM POTA PSLV PTI PRO PVC PVSM PWD PWG RADAR RAW R&D RBI RCC RDX RIMC RMS RLEGP RNA National Industrial Development Corporation National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences National Institute for Training in Industrial Engineering National Malaria Eradication Programme New Okhla Industrial Development Authority National Productivity Council National Population Policy Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty National Research and Development Corporation National Rural Employment Programme Non Resident Indian National Security Council National Sample Survey Organisation National Textile Corporation National Thermal Power Corporation Open General License Oil India Limited All Correct Oil and Natural Gas Commission Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries Press Council of India Postal Index Number Palestine Liberation Organisation Post Meridian/Prime Minister Prevention of Terrorism Act Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle Press Trust of India Public Relations Officer Poly Vinyl Chloride/Param vir Chakra Param Vishisht Seva Medal Public Works Department People's War Group Radio Angle Direction and Range Research and Analysis Wing Research and Development Reserve Bank of India Reinforced Cement Concrete Research Developed Explosive Rashtriya Indian Military College Railway Mail Service Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme Ribonucleic Acid
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RPM RTO SAARC SAC SAFTA SAI SAIL SAPTA SARS SC SCI SCOPE SDR SEBI SGPC SHAR SlDBI SIS SITA SLV SPCA STARS START STD STPI SWAPO TC TELCO TELEX TISCO TNT TOEFL TRAI TRIPS TTFI UFO UGC ULFA UNCTAD UNDP UNEF UNEP Revolutions Per Minute Regional Transport Officer South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Space Application Centre South Asian Free Trade Agreement Sports Authority of India Steel Authority of India Limited South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Security Council/Supreme Court Shipping Corporation of India Standing Conference of Public Enterprises Special Drawing Rights Security Exchange Board of India Siromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee Shri Harikota Range Small Industries Development Bank of India Secret Intelligence Service (U.K) Suppression of Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act Satellite Launch Vehicle Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals Satellite Tracking and Ranging Station Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (Between USA and Russia) Subscribers Trunk Dialing Software Technology Parks of India South West African People's Organisation Transfer Certificate, Trusteeship Council Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company Tele-printer Exchange Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited Tri-nitro-toluene Test of English as a Foreign Language Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Table Tennis Federation of India Unidentified Flying Object University Grants Commission United Liberation Front of Assam United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Development Programme United Nations Emergency Force United Nations Environment Programme
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UNESCO UNFPA UNHCR UNI UNICEF UNO UPS UPSC USP USSR UTI VAT VDIS VC VPP VRS VSNL VSSC WEF WHO WILL WMO WWF WPI WTO WWF WWW YMCA YWCA ZBB ZPG ZSl United Nations Economic Social and Cultural Organisation United Nations for Population Activities United Nations High Commission for Refugees United News of India United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund United Nations Organisation Uninterrupted Power Supply Union Public Service Commission Unique Selling Proposition Union of Soviet Socialist Republic Unit Trust of India Value Added Tax Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme Vice-Chancellor/Victoria Cross Value Payable Post Voluntary Retirement Scheme Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre World Economic Forum World Health Organisation Wireless in Local Loop World Meteorological Organisation World Wild Life Fund Wholesale Price Index World Trade Organisation World Wild Life Fund for Nature World Wide Web Young Men's Christians Association Young Women's Christians Association Zero Based Budgeting Zero Population Growth Zoological Survey of India

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Important Days
Date Day Recognized For

Jan 8 Jan 10 Jan 11 Jan 12 Jan 15 Jan 23 Jan 25 Jan 26 Jan 28 Jan 30 Feb 2 Feb 13 Feb 14 Feb 24 Feb 28 Mar 3 Mar 4 Mar 8 Mar 9 Mar 12 Mar 15 Mar 16 Mar 19 Mar 21 Mar 22 Mar 23 Mar 24 Mar 26 April 1 April 5 April 7 April 13 April 14 April 18 April 22 April 23

African National Congress Foundation Day World Laughter Day Death anniversary of Lal Bahadur Shastri National Youth Day (Birth day of Swami Vivekanand) Army Day Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's birth anniversary International Customs Duty Day India Tourism Day Republic Day Birth anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai Mahatma Gandhi's Martyrdom Day World Leprosy Eradication Day World Wetlands Day Sarojini Naidu's Birth Anniversary St. Valentine's Day Central Excise Day National Science Day National Defence Day National Security Day International Women's Day CISF Raising Day Central Industrial Security Force Day World Consumer Day National Vaccination Day World Disabled Day World Forestry Day World Day for Water World Meteorological Day World TB Day Bangladesh Liberation Day Orissa Day National Maritime Day World Health Day Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre Day (1919) B.R. Ambedkar Remembrance Day Fire Extinguishing Day World Heritage Day World Earth Day World Books Day
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May 1 May 3 May 8 May 11 May 17 May 24 May 31 Jun 5 Jun 27 Jul 4 Jul 11 Jul 26 Aug 6 Aug 9 Aug 12 Aug 14 Aug 15 Aug 19 Aug 20 Aug 29 Aug 30 Sep 5 Sep 8 Sep 14 Sep 15 Sep 16 Sep 21 Sep 25 Sep 27 Oct 1 Oct 2 Oct 3 Oct 4 Oct 5 Oct 6 Oct 8 Oct 9 Oct 10 International Labour Day (May Day) International Energy Day International Red Cross Day National Technology Day World Telecom Day Commonwealth Day World No Tobacco Day World Environment Day World Diabetes Day American Independence Day World Population Day Kargil Victory Day Hiroshima Day Quit India Movement Day International Youth Day Pakistan's Independence Day India's Independence Day World Photography Day Sadbhavna Divas Sports Day (Dhyanchand's birthday) Small Industry Day Teacher's Day International Literacy Day Hindi Day World First Aid Day International Day of Democracy World Ozone Day Word Alzheimer's Day Social Justice Day World Tourism Day International Day for the Elderly (UN) Gandhi Jayanti International Non-violence Day World Nature Day World Animal Day World Habitat Day World Teacher's Day World Wildlife Day Indian Air force Day World Postal Day World Mental Health Day National Post Day
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Oct 12 Oct 13 Oct 14 Oct 17 Oct 20 Oct 24 Oct 30 Oct 31 Nov 7 Nov 9 Nov 10 Nov 14 Nov 17 Nov 30 Nov 26 Dec 1 Dec 4 Dec 7 Dec 10 Dec 11 Dec 14 Dec 19 Dec 23 World Sight Day World Calamity Control Day (UN) World Standards Day International Poverty Eradication Day National Solidarity Day United Nations Day World Thrift day National Integration Day Infant Protection Day World Cancer Awareness Day Pravasiya Bharatiya Divas Legal Services Day Transport Day Children's Day World Diabetics day Guru Nanak Dev's Birth Anniversary Flag Day Law Day World AIDS Day Navy Day Armed Forces Flag Day Human Rights Day UNICEF Day National Energy Conservation Day Goa's Liberation Day Kisan Divas (Farmer's day)

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National / International Years
Years Speciality of Years

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year of Woman Empowerment (Government of India) International Year of Mountain (by FAO) International Fresh Water Year International Year of Rice International Year of Physics/Sports (by UNO) International Year of Deserts and Desertification International Polar Year Year of the Dolphin 2008 International Year of Sanitation International Year of Languages 2009 International Year of Astronomy (UN) International Year of Natural Fibers (FAO) International Year of Reconciliation Year of the OX (China)

Records To Know in The World

Record Record Maker

The first person to reach Mount Everest

Sherpa Tenzing Edmund Hillary The first person to reach North Pole Robert Peary The first person to reach South Pole Amundsen The first religion of the world Hinduism The first country to issue paper currency China The first country to commence competitive examination in China civil services The first President of the U.S.A George Washington The first Governor General of the United Nations Trigveli (Norway) The first country to win football World cup Uruguay The first country to prepare a constitution U.S.A The first Governor General of Pakistan Mohd. Ali Jinnah The first country to host NAM summit Belgrade (Yugoslavia) The first European to attack India Alexander, The Great The first person to fly aeroplane Wright Brothers The first person to sail round the world Magellan The first country to send man to the moon U.S.A The first country to launch Artificial satellite in the space Russia
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The first country to host the modern Olympics The first city on which the atom bomb was dropped The first person to land on the moon Greece Hiroshima (Japan) Neil Armstrong followed by Edwin E. Aldrin The first shuttle to go in space Columbia The first spacecraft to reach on Mars Viking-I The first woman Prime Minister of England Margaret Thatcher The first Muslim Prime Minister of a country Benazir Bhutto (Pakistan) The first woman Prime Minister of a country Mrs. S. Bandamaike (Sri Lanka) The first woman to climb Mount Everest Mrs. Junko Tabei (Japan) The first woman cosmonaut of the world Velentina Tereshkova (Russia) The first woman President of the U.N. General Assembly Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit The first man to fly into space Yuri Gagarin (Russia) The first batsman to score three test century in three Mohd. Azharuddin successive tests on debut The first U.S. President to resign Presidency Richard Nixon

Popular Newspaper in India

Newspaper Times of India Dainik Bhaskar Gujarat Samachar The Hindu Ananda Bazar Patrika Punjab Kesri Sandesh Amar Ujala Nava Bharat Navbharat Times Dainik Jagran Malayala Manorama Hindustan Times Mathrubhumi Aaj Eenadu Hindustan Daily Thanthi Daily Sakal Language English Hindi Gujarati English Bengali Hindi Guiarati Hindi Hindi Hindi Hindi Malayalam English Malayalam Hindi Telugu Hindi Tamil Marathi
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Dinamalar Newspaper Al-Ahram Bangladesh Observer Daily News Daily Mail Daily Mirror Dawn Eastern Sun Financial Times Guardian Izvestia Independent Le Monde Le Republica Merdeka New York Times Pravada People's Daily Star The Times The Island Washington Post Khalij Times Tamil Country Egypt Bangladesh USA England England Pakistan Singapore England England Russia England France Italy Indonesia USA Russia China S. Africa England Sri Lanka USA UAE
World's Famous Newspapers

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World's Famous News Agencies
Countries Australia China Egypt France Germany India India India India Indonesia Iran Italy Israel Japan Malaysia Pakistan Palestine Russia Russia United Kingdom United States of America United States of America Agencies AAP XINHUA MENA A. F. P. D. P. A. PTI UNI Samachar Bharti Univarta Antara IRNA ANSA ITIM KYODO BERNAMA APP WAFA Tass NOVOSTI REUTER AP (Associated Press) UPI (United Press International)

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World Religions
Religion Percentage of World Population

Christians Muslims Hindus Sikhs Jains Buddhists Jews Non-religious Atheists Chinese folk religionists Neo religionists Tribal religionists Shintoists Spiritists Bahais Confucionists Other religions

33.06 20.28 13.33 0.39 0.07 5.87 0.23 11.92 2.35 6.27 1.68 3.97 0.04 0.20 0.12 0.10 0.02

Discoveries in Geography
Discovery Discoverer

America Sea route to India via Cape of Good Hope Solar system Planets South Pole North Pole China New Foundland Hudson Bay Sailor of the world Mount Everest First person to set foot on the moon Tasmania island Cape of the Good Hope

Christopher Columbus Vasco-da-Gama Copernicus Kepler Amundsen Robert Peary Marco Polo Gobot Sebastian Henry Hudson Magellan Edmund Hillary Neil Armstrong Tasman Baurtho Romeiodeis

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Books and Authors
Name of Famous Book A Bend in the River A Brief History of Time A China Passage A Critique of Pure Reason A Farewell to Arms A Fine Balance A House for Mr. Biswas A Million Mutinies Now A Midsummer Night's Dream A Prisoner's Scrapbook A Streetcar Named Desire A Study of History Arnold A Suitable Boy A Tale of Two Cities A Thousand Suns A Village by the Sea A Week with Gandhi Adventures of Tom Sawyer Agni Veena Akbarnama Alice in Wonderland All the King's Men All the President's Men All's Well that Ends Well An American Dilemma An Area of Darkness An Autobiography An Idealist View of Life Anandmath Animal Farm Antony and Cleopatra As You Like It Asia and Western Dominance Asian Drama Babbit Back to Methuselah Bandicoot Run Being Digital Bharat Bharati Famous Author V.S. Naipaul Stephen Hawking John Kenneth Galbraith Immanuel Kant Ernest Hemingway Rohinton Mistry V.S. Naipaul V.S. Naipaul William Shakespeare L.K. Advani Tennesse Williams J. Toynbee Vikram Seth Charles Dickens Dominique Lappierre Anita Desai Louis Fischer Mark Twain Kazi Nazrul Islam Abdul Fazal Lewis Carroll Robert Penn Warren Carl Bernstein & Bob Woodward William Shakespeare Gunnar Myrdal V.S. Naipaul Jawaharlal Nehru Dr. S. Radhakrishnan Bankim Chandra Chatterjee George Orwell William Shakespeare William Shakespeare K.M. Panikkar Gunnar Myrdal Sinclair Lewis George Bernard Shaw Manohar Malgaonkar Nicholas Negroponte Maithili Saran Gupta
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Black Holes and Baby Universes Brave New World Bubble, The Caesar and Cleopatra Candida Candide Chitra Chronicle of a Death Foretold Circle of Reason City of Joy Comedy of Errors Coming of Age in Samoa Communist Manifesto Confessions Confidential Clerk Conquest of Self Coolie Crescent Moon Das Kapital David Copperfield Days of Grace Death in Venice Death of a City Death of a Salesman Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Descent of Man Deserted Village Devdas Diplomacy Discovery of India Divine Life Doctor's Dilemma Earth Emma Ends and Means Essays on Gita Eternal Himalayas Ethics for New Millennium Expanding Universe Family Matters Farewell the Trumpets Fasting Feasting Stephen Hawking Aldous Huxley Mulk Raj Anand George Bernard Shaw George Bernard Shaw Voltaire Rabindra Nath Tagore Gabriel Garcia Marquez Amitav Ghosh Dominique Lapierre William Shakespeare Margaret Mead Karl Marx J.J. Rousseau T.S Eliot Mahatma Gandhi Mulk Raj Anand Rabindra Nath Tagore Karl Marx Charles Dickens Arthur Ashe & Arnold Rampersad Thomas Mann Amrita Pritam Arthur Miller Edward Gibbon Charles Darwin Oliver Goldsmith Sharat Chandra Charterjee Henry Kissinger Jawaharlal Nehru Swami Sivananda George Bernard Shaw Emile Zola Jane Austen Aldous Huxley Sri Aurobindo Ghosh Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia The Dalai Lama Arthur Stanley Eddington Rohinton Mistry James Morris Anita Desai
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The Final Days For Whom the Bell Tolls Freedom at Midnight French Revolution Friends and Foes Gandhi and Stalin Gardener Gathering Storm Ghasiram Kotwal Gitanjali Glimpses of World History Godan Gone With The Wind Good Earth Good Times, Bad Times Grammar of Politics Great Expectations Guide Half a Life Hamlet Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Harry Potter and the Goblet of fire Heritage Heroes and Hero Worship Himalayan Blunder Hindu View of Life Hungry Stones Ideas and Opinions I follow the Mahatma Idols If I am Assassinated Ignited Minds In Search of Gandhi India in the New Millennium India Divided India Emerging power India Another Millennium India Unbound India of Our Dreams India Wins Freedom India's Priceless Heritage Indian Philosophy Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein Ernest Hemingway Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre Thomas Carlyle Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Louis Fisher Rabindranath Tagore Winston Churchill Vijay Tendulkar Rabindranath Tagore Jawaharlal Nehru Prem Chand Margaret Mitchell Pearl S. Buck Harold Evans Harold Joseph Laski Charles Dickens R.K. Narayan V S Naipaul W. Shakespeare J.K. Rowling J.K. Rowling Anthony West Thomas Carlyle Brigadier J.P. Dalvi Dr. S. Radhakrishnan Rabindra Nath Tagore Albert Einstein K.M. Munshi Sunil Gavaskar Z.A. Bhutto A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Richard Attenborough Dr. P.C. Alexander Rajendra Prasad Stephen Philip Cohen Romila Thapar Gurcharan Das M.V. Kamath Abul Kalam Azad N.A. Palkhivala Dr. S. Radhakrishanan
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Interpreter of Maladies Is Paris Burning Isabella It was Five Past Midnight in Bhopal Jean Christopher Julius Caeser Jungle Book Jurassic Park Kalpana Chawla: A Life Kamasutra Kane and Abel Kashmir: A Tragedy of Errors Kim King Lear Ladies Coupe Lajja Last Burden Le Contract (Social Contract) Leaders Leviathan Life Divine Life of Samuel Johnson Living History Lolita Long Day's Journey into Night Long Walk to Freedom Macbeth Magic Mountain Mahatma Gandhi and his Apostles Mahatma Gandhi Main Street Malgudi Days Man ard Superman Man-eaters of Kumaon Managing for Results Mankind and Mother Earth Mein Kampf Memories of Hope Men are from Mars. Women are from Venus Midnight's Children Mill on the Floss Moonwalk Jhumpa Lahiri Larry Collins & Dominique Lapierre John Keats Dominique Lapierre and Javier Moro Romain Rolland William Shakespeare Rudyard Kipling Michael Crichton Anil Padmanabhan Vatsyayana Jeffrey Archer Tavleen Singh Rudyard Kipling William Shakespeare Anita Nair Taslima Nasreen Upamanyu Chatterjee J.J. Rousseau Richard Nixon Thomas Hobbes Sri Aurobindo James Boswell Hillary Clinton Vladimir Nobakov Eugene O' Neill Nelson Mandela W. Shakespeare Thomas Mann Ved Mehta Romain Rolland Sinclair Lewis R. K. Narayan George Bernard Shaw Jim Corbett Peter Drucker Arnold Toynbee Adolf Hitler Gen. Charles de Gaulle John Gray Salman Rushdie George Eliot Michael Jackson
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Mother India Mother Much Ado About Nothing Murder in the Cathedral My Days My Life and Times My Music, My Life My Presidential Years Mystic River My Truth New Dimensions of India's Foreign Policy Nice Guys Finish Second Nineteen Eighty Four No Full Stops in India 'O' Jerusalem Oliver Twist On The Threshold of Hope One Hundred Years of Solitude One World and India Operation Bluestar: The True Story Othello Our Films, Their Fiims Rangbhoomi Rebel, The Red Earth and Pouring Rain Red Star Over China Reflections on the French Revolution Rendezvous with Rama Riding the Storm Riot: A Novel Robinson Crusoe Romeo and Juliet Saket Seven Lamps of Architecture Seven Summers Shadow from Ladakh She Stoops to Conquer Snakes and Ladders: Essays on India Snow Country Sohrab and Rustam Sons and Lovers Sunny Days Katherine Mayo Maxim Gorky William Shakespeare T. S. Eliot R. K. Narayan V. V. Giri Pt. Ravi Shankar R. Venkataraman Dennis Lehane Indira Gandhi A. B. Vajpayee B. K. Nehru George Orwell Mark Tully Larry Collins & Dominique Lapierre Charles Dickens Pope John Paull II Gabriel Garcia Marquez Arnold Toynbee Lt. Gen. K.S. Brar William Shakespeare Satyajit Ray Prem Chand Albert Camus Vikram Chandra Edgar Snow Edmund Burke Arthur C. Clark Harold MacMillan Shashi Tharoor Daniel Defoe William Shakespeare Maithili Sharan Gupta John Ruskin Mulk Raj Anand Bhavani Bhattacharya Oliver Goldsmith Gita Mehta Yasunari Kawabata Mathew Arnold D. H. Lawrence Sunil Gavaskar
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Talisman Tempest Tenth Insight The Adventures of Sheriock Holmes The Affluent Society The Age of Reason The Applecart The Arrangement The Banyan Tree The Better Man The Big Fisherman The Bride's Book of Beauty The Caretaker The Castle The Changing World of the Executive The Clown The Coup The Court Dancer The Crucible The Degeneration of India The Diary of a Young Girl The Double Helix The End of History and the Last Man The Eye of the Storm The Fifth Horseman The Forbidden Sea The Fury The Glass Palace The God of Small Things The Godfather The Golden Gate The Grapes of Wrath The Great Challenge The Great Indian Novel The Idiot The Importance of Being Earnest The Interpreter of Maladies The Invisible Man The Men Who killed Gandhi The Merchant of Venice The Middle Ground The Minister's Wife Sir Walter Scott William Shakespeare James Redfield Arthur Conan Doyle John Kenneth Galbraith Jean Paul Sartre George Bernard Shaw Elia Kazan Hugh Tinker Anita Nair Lloyd Douglas Mulk Raj Anand Harold Pinters Franz Kafka Peter Drucker Heinrich Boll John Updike Rabindra Nath Tagore Arthur Miller T. N. Seshan Anne Frank James D. Watson Francis Fukuyama Patrick White Larry Collins and Domnique Lapierre Tara Ali Baig Salman Rushdie Amitav Ghosh Arundhati Roy Mario Puzo Vikram Seth John Steinbeck Louis Fischer Shashi Tharoor Feodor Dostoyevsky Oscar Wilde Jhumpa Lahiri Ralph Ellison Manohar Malgaonkar William Shakespeare Margaret Drabble Amaresh Mishra
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The Miser The Old Man and the Sea The Origin of Species The Power of Positive Thinking The Private Life of Chairman Mao The Proper Study of Mankind The Rights of Man The Road Ahead The Robe The Roots The Satanic Verses The Second World War The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success The Social Contract The Songs of India The Story of My Experiments with Truth The Struggle and the Triumph The Struggle in My Life The Sword and the Sickle The Testament The Third Wave The Total Zone The Tree of Man The Trotter-Nama The Vendor of Sweets The Wasteland The Way of all Flesh The Wealth of Nations Things Fall Apart The Thirteenth Sun Time Machine To the Lighthouse Train to Pakistan Treasure Island Tropic of Cancer Tryst with Destiny Twelfth Night Uncle Tom's Cabin Utopia Valley of the Dolls Vanity Fair Waiting for the Mahatma Moliere Ernest Hemingway Charles Darwin Norman Vincent Peale Dr. Li Zhisui Isaiah Berlin Thomas Paine Bill Gates Lloyd C. Douglas Alex Haley Salman Rushdie Winston Churchill Deepak Chopra Rousseau Sarojini Naidu Mahatma Gandhi Lech Walesa Nelson Mandela Mulk Raj Anand John Grisham Alvin Tofler Martina Navaratilova Patrick White Allan Sealy R. K. Narayan T.S. Eliot Samuel Butler Adam Smith Chinua Achebe Amrita Pritam H. G. Wells Virginia Woolf Khushwant Singh Robert Louis Stevenson Henry Miller S. Gopalan W. Shakespeare Harriet Beecher Stowe Thomas Moore Jacqueline Susann William Thackeray R. K. Narayan
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Wake Up India War and Peace Yayati Year of the Upheaval Yesterday and Today Annie Besant Leo Tolstoy V. S. Khandekar Henry Kissinger K.P.S. Menon

World Countries Capitals and Currencies

Country Capital Currency

Afghanistan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei China India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Cambodia Kazakhstan Korea (North) Korea (South) Kuwait Kyrgystan Laos Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka

Kabul Manama Dhaka Thimpu Bandar Seri Begawan Beijing New Delhi Djakarta Tehran Baghdad Tel Aviv Tokyo Amman Phnom Penh Akmola Pyongyang Seoul Kuwait City Bishkek Vientiane Kuala Lumpur Male Ulan-Bator Yangoon Kathmandu Muscat Islamabad Manila Doha Riyadh Colombo

Afghani Bahraini Dinar Taka Ngultrum Ringgit Yuan Indian Rupee Rupiah Riyal Iraqi Dinar Shekel Yen Jordan Dinar Riel Tenge Won (KPW) Won (KRW) Kuwaiti Dinar Som (KGS) Kip Malaysian Ringgit Rufiyaa Tugrik Kyat Nepalese Rupee Omani Rial Pakistani Rupee Piso Qatari Riyal Riyal (SAR) Sri Lankan Rupee
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Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkemenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia-Herjegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Leichtenstem Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Damascus Taipei Dushambe Bangkok Ankara Ashkabad Abu Dhabi Tashkent Hanoi Sana Tirana Andorra-la-vella Yerevan Vienna Baku Minsk Brussels Sarajevo Sofia Zagreb Nicosia Prague Copenhagen Tallinn Helsinki Paris Tbilisi Berlin Athens Budapest Reykavik Dublin Rome Riga Vaduz Vilnius Luxembourg Skopje Valletta Chisinau Monaco Syrian Pound New Taiwan Dollar Tajik Rouble Baht Turkish Lira Manat (TMM) Dirham Som (UKS) Dong Riyal (YER) Lek Euro Dram Euro Manat Russian Rouble Euro Dinar Lev Kuna Euro Koruna Danish Krone Kroon Euro Euro Lari Euro Euro Forint Krona Euro Euro Lats Swiss Franc Litas Euro Dinar Euro Leu Euro
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Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City State Yugoslavia Podogorica The Hague Oslo Warsaw Lisbon Bucharest Moscow San Marino Bratislava Ljubljana Madrid Stockholm Berne Kiev London Vatican City Belgrade Euro Euro Norwegian Krone Zloty Euro Lei Rouble Euro Slovak Koruna Euro Euro Krona (SEK) Swiss Franc Karbovanets Pound Sterling Euro New Dinar

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World's Famous Intelligence Agencies Intelligence Agency
Australian Security and Intelligence Organization (ASIO) Central External Langa Department (CELD) Mukhbirat Mosad Sawac Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) Intelligence Bureau (IB) Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) NIACHO Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) KGB / G.R.U Bureau of State Security Ml (Military intelligence) - 5 & 6 Special Branch (SB) Joint Intelligence Organization (JIO) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

Country
Australia China Egypt Israel Iran India

Japan Pakistan Russia South Africa United Kingdom

United States of America

World Monuments
Monument Emperial Palace (Tokyo) Eiffel Tower (Paris) Great Wall of China Kremlin (Moscow) Kinder Disk Leaning Tower of Pisa Pyramid (Giza) Opera House (Sidney) Statue of Liberty (New York) Taj Mahal (Agra) Country Japan France China Russia Denmark Italy Egypt Australia USA India

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National Emblems of Famous Countries
Country Emblem

Australia Bangladesh Canada Denmark France Germany India Iran Ireland Italy Japan Norway Pakistan Spain Sri Lanka Russia United Kingdom U.S.A

Kangaroo Water Lily White Lily Beach Lily Corn Flower Lion Capital Rose Shamrock White Lily Chrysanthemum Lion Crescent Eagle Sword & Lion Sickle & Hammer Rose Golden Rod

Parliament's Names
Country Name Parliament

Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan Canada China Denmark Egypt France Germany Great Britain India Iran Israel Japan Malaysia

Shora Jatia Parliament Tasongadu Parliament National People Congress Folketing People's Assembly National Assembly Bundestag Parliament Parliament (Sansad) Majlis Knesset Diet Majlis
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Maldives Nepal Norway Pakistan Spain Sweden South Africa Switzerland Russia Taiwan U.S.A Majlis Rasthtriya Panchayat Storting National Assembly Crotes Riksdag Parliament Federal Assembly Duma Yuan Congress

Wonders of the World

Ancient New Wonders

Hanging Gardens of Babylon Temple of Diana al Ephesus (Rome) Statue of Jupiter at Olympia Mausoleum of Mausolus (Ruler of Halicarnassus) Pyramids of Egypt Light House at Alexandria Colossus of Rhodes

Colosseum of Rome Great Wall of China Porcelain Tower of Nanking Stonehange of England Mosque at St. Sophia (Constantinople) Catacombs of Alexandria Leaning Tower of Pisa Taj Mahal (India)

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Facts Regarding Nobel Prize
Most coveted international award of the world. Instituted by Alfred Bernard Nobel (inventor of dynamite). The award is giver on December 10 (death anniversary of Alfred Bernard Nobel). Nobel Prize is given every year to those eminent persons who have made pioneering achievements in the following fields: Physics Chemistry Medicine Peace Literature Economics

Apart from Economics, all other categories have been given since 1901. Economics Nobel Prize was instituted in 1967 and was first given in 1969. Nobel Prize Winners from India Name Rabindranath Tagore Dr. C.V. Raman Dr. Hargovind Khurana Mother Teresa Dr. S. Chandrashekhar Dr. Amartya Sen V.S. Naipaul Field Literature Physics Medicine Peace Physics Economics Literature Year 1913 1930 1968 1979 1983 1999 2001

Other Awards and Prizes (World and India)

Magsaysay Awards Instituted in 1957 and named after Ramon Magsaysay, the former President of Philippines. This award is given annually on August 31 Award is given for outstanding contributions to public service, community leadership, journalism, literature and creative arts and international understanding. Regarded as the Nobel Prize of Asia. Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding Instituted in 1965 by the Government of India.

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Given annually to persons for outstanding contributions to international understanding and goodwill among the people of the world. Oscar Awards Instituted in 1929 Conferred annually by the Academy of Motion Pictures in USA. The first Indian to get an Oscar was Bhanu Athaiya for the movie 'Gandhi'. Satyajit Ray was the first Indian awarded Oscar for lifetime achievements in cinema in 1992. UNESCO Peace Prize Presented by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) For extraordinary contributions for international peace. Pulitzer Prize Instituted in 1970 and named after the US Publisher Joseph Pulitzer. Conferred annually in the USA For accomplishments in journalism, literature and music. Right Livelihood Award Instituted in 1980 by the Right Livelihood Society, London. Known as alternate Nobel Award To promote and contribute in the fields of environment and social justice. Mahatma Gandhi Peace Prize Instituted in 1995 by Government of India. It is presented for international peace on the lines of Nobel Prize. UNESCO Human Rights Award Presented by UNESCO For contributions in the field of Human Rights Awareness. Given every alternate year. Man Booker Prize Highest literary award to authors of British, Irish and Commonwealth countries Instituted in 1968 by the Booker Company and the British Publishers Association along the lines of Pulitzer Prize of US. Renamed as Man Booker Prize, as the sponsorship has been taken over by the Man Group, an international stockbroker. UN Human Rights Award Presented by UN for personal contribution for the cause of human rights.
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It is presented every sixth year. World Food Prize Presented by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) For the cause of agriculture and food development. Indira Gandhi Award For International Peace, Disarmament and Development Presented by Indira Gandhi Memorial Fund in India For specialized contribution in the field of international disarmament and development. Bharat Ratna Highest civilian award of India Presented by the Government of India. Presented for exceptional public service and rarest achievements in the field of art, literature and science. Instituted in 1954 First recipient was Dr. Radhakrishnan. Padma Vibhushan Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award For distinguished services in any field including Government service. Padma Bhushan and Padma Shree are the other important civilian awards. Bhartiya Jnanpeeth Awards Instituted in 1965 Given for distinguished works in any recognized language by a scholar. Sahitya Akademy Awards Instituted in 1955 Given for any exclusive writing in any of the 22 languages including English literature. Saraswati Samman Instituted in 1991 by the K.K. Birla Foundation Given for any distinguished literary work made during last 10 years in any of the Indian language. Vyas Samman Instituted in 1992 by the K.K. Birla Foundation For outstanding contribution to Hindi literature.

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Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Awards Given to the Indian scientists for their exceptional performance. R.D. Birla Award Given in the field of medical sciences. Dhanvantri Award These awards are given for the extra ordinary performance in medical sciences. Arjuna Awards Instituted in 1961 Given by Sports Ministry, Government of India. These are given for the special achievements in different types of sports. Dronacharya Awards Instituted in 1985 Given by Sports Ministry, Government of India. These are given to sports coaches. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna It was instituted in 1962 Presented for commendable display by the players. Gallantry Awards Param Vir Chakra : It is India's highest award for bravery. Mahavir Chakra : It is the second highest gallantry award. Vir Chakra : It is the third highest gallantry award. Ashok Chakra : It is the highest peace-time gallantry award

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List of Oceans in the World
Name of Oceans Area (Sq.Km) Greatest known depth in feet Place of greatest known depth

Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean Mediterranean Ocean

16,52,40,000 8,23,60,000 7,35,50,000 1,39,80,000 1,142,000

35,410 30,143 22,968 17,850 14,435

Off Mindanao Puerto Rico Trench Off Sunda Trench Sumatra-Jawa Matapan

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List of Seas in the World

Name of Seas South China Sea Malay Sea Caribbean Sea Area China, Asia Malaysia, Asia Central America, Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea Europe Bering Sea Pacific Ocean, Russia Gulf of Mexico Central America, Atlantic Ocean Sea of Okhotsk Pacific Ocean, Russia East China Sea China, Asia Hudson Bay Sea Canada Sea of Japan Japan, Asia Andaman Sea Bay of Bengal, India North Sea Europe, Near Britain Black Sea Russia Red Sea West Asia Baltic Sea Europe Area (Sq.km) 2,974,600 81,43,100 27,53,170 25,03,900 22,68,200 15,43,000 15,27,000 12,49,000 12,32,200 10,07,700 7,97,600 5,75,300 4,62,000 4,37,000 4,22,300

Foreign Visitors to India

The first European Invader on Indian soil The first European to visit India The first Chinese Pilgrim who came to India The first British Prime Minister to visit India The First U.S. President to visit India The first Soviet Prime Minister to visit India Alexander, the Great Marco Polo Fahien Harold Macmillan D. Elsenhower V.Bulganin

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List of Foreign Banks in India

Name of the Bank Country

Standard Chartered Bank HSBC Citibank ABN-Amro Bank BNP Paribas Deutsche Bank American Express Bank Ltd Bank of Nova Scotia Bank of America Calyon Bank State Bank of Mauritius Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank Ltd Bank of Bahrain & Kuwait DBS Bank Ltd Mizuho Corporate Bank Ltd Mashreq Bank Sonali Bank Societe Generale Arab Bangladesh Bank Ltd Antwerp Diamond Bank Bank international Indonesia Bank of Ceylon Barclays Bank Plc Chinatrust Commercial Bank J.P. Morgan Chase Bank

UK Hongkong USA Netherlands France Germany USA Canada USA France Mauritius Japan UAE Bahrain Singapore Japan UAE Bangladesh France Bangladesh Belgium Indonesia Sri Lanka UK Taiwan USA

World Waterfalls
S.No. Waterfall Location River

1 2 3 4 5

Angel Tugela Cuquenan Sutherland Takkakaw

Venezuela Natel, South Africa Venenzuela South Island, New Zealand British Columbia

Tributary of Caroni Tugela Cuquenan Arthur Tributary of Yoho

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6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Ribbon (Yosemite) Upper Yosemite Gavarnie Vettisfoss Windows Tears (Yosemitte) Staubbach Middle Cascade (Yosemite) King Edward VIII Jog Falls (Gersoppa) Kaieteur Skykje California California Southwest France Norway California Switzerland California Guyana Karnataka, India Guyana Norway Creek flowing into Yosemite Yosemite Creek, tributary of Merced Gave de Pau Morkedola Tributary of Merced Staubbach (Lauter-brunnen Valley) Yosemite Creek, tributary of Merced

Courantyne Sharavati Potaro In Skykjedal (valley of Inner Hardinger Fjord) King Georges Cape of Good Hope South Orange Africa Illilouette California Illolouette Creek, tributary of Merced Victoria Rhodesia-Zambia boundary Zambezi Handol Sweden Handol Creek Lower Yosemite California Yosemite Comet (Mt. Rainier Washington Van Trump Creek Park) Vernal (Yosemite) California Merced Virginia Northwest Territories, South Nehanni, tributary of Canada Mackenzie Lower Yellowstone Wyoming Yellowstone

Independence Days of Some Countries

SI. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Countries Afghanistan Armenia Australia U.S.A. Bangladesh Belgium Brazil Canada China Countries Independence Dates 19th August 28th May 4th January 4th July 16th December 21st July 7th September 1st July 10th October
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10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. Chile Colombia Finland France Greece India Indonesia Israel Italy Japan Korea Mexico Myanmar Maldives Norway Philippines Peru Poland Portugal Pakistan Rwanda Sri Lanka Switzerland Spain Thailand Turkey Uzbekistan Ukraine Uganda Zimbabwe 18th September 20th July 6th December 14th July 25th March 15th August 17th August 3rd April 26th March 29th April 15th August 16th September 4th January 26th July 17th May 12th June 28th July 3rd May 5th October 14th August 5th July 4th February 1st August 10th April 24th June 1st November 1st September 24th August 9th October 18th April

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Inventions and Discoveries

Inventions Inventors

Air Brake Antiseptic Surgery Archimedean Screw Avogadro's Hypothesis Atomic Number Atomic Theory Atomic Structure Automobile Barometer Beri - Beri Bicycle Blood Circulation Boson Boyle's law Braille Breaking up the Nucleus of an atom Celluloid Chloroform Cholera Bacillus Cinematography Coloured Photography Crescograph Crystal Dynamics Cyclotron D.D.T. Deuterium (Heavy Water) Diesel Oil Engine Discovery of Solar System Discovery of Laws of Planetary Motion Discovery of Specific Gravity Dynamite Dynamo Dynamical theory of Heat Discovery of Electrons Electric Battery Electric Lamp Electricity Electron Theory

George Westinghouse Lord Joseph Lister Archimedies Avogadro Mosley Dalton Bohr and Rutherford Daimler Torricelli Eijkman Macmillian Harvey S.N.Bose Boyle Louis Braille Rutherford Parkes James Harrison and James Young Simpson Robert Koch Thomas Alva Edison Lippman J.C.Bose C.V.Raman Lawrence Dr.Paul Muller H.C.Urey Rudolf Diesel Copernicus (1540) Kepler Archimedes Alfred Nobel Faraday Lord Kelvin J.J.Thomson Volta Edison Faraday Bohr
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Electromagnetic Theory Electric Measurement Effect of Pressure on trough bodies Fahrenheit Scale Film & Photographic goods Fundamental Laws of Electric Attraction Fountain Pen Geometry Gun powder Gramophone Helicopter Homoeopathy Hydrophobia Induction of Electric Current Incandescent Bulb Insulin Intelligence test Jet Propulsion Kala-azar Fever Lift (Elevators) Lightning Conductor Laws of Electrical Resistance Law of Electrolysis Law of gases Laws of Gravitation Laws of Heredity Logarithms Laws of Motion Laws of Natural Selections Laws of Multiple Proportion Mathematical Astro Physics Measurement of Electrical Energy Machine Gun Mechanical Equivalent of Heat Microphone Microscope Neutron Nuclear Fission Origin of Species Oxygen Penicillin Phonograph Principle for lever Maxwell Gauss Meghnad Saha Fahrenheit Kodak Coulomb Waterman Euclid Rogei Bacon Thomas Alva Edison Broquett Hahnemann Louis Pasteur Faraday Edison F.Banting Binet Frank Whittle U.N.Brahmachari Otis Benjamin Franklin Ohm Faraday Gay Lussac Newton Gregory Mandel John Napier Newton Darwin Dalton Chandrasekhar Joule, James Prescoft Dr.Gatting Joules Berliner Janes Chadwick Otto Hahn, Bohr and Fermi Charles Darwin Priestly Fleming Edison Archimedes
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Positive Electrons Printing for the Blind Printing Press Printing Types Psycho-analysis Quantum Theory Raman effect Radium Railway Engine Rare Gas Replacing human heart Revolver Safety Lamp Safety Razor Seismograph Space flying Steam Engine Steam Turbine Stethoscope Submarine Theory of Relativity Theory of Evolution Tank Telephone Telescope Television Thermometer Transistor Typewriter Uranium fusion Wireless Communication Wireless Telegraphy X - Rays Anderson Braille Caxton John Guttenberg Dr.Sigmund Freud Max plank C.V.Raman Madame Curie Stephenson Cavandish Christian Barnard Colt Davy Gillet Roberts Mallet Braun, Dr.Wernher Von James Watt Parsons Laennec Bushwell Einstein Darwin Swinton Graham Bell Galileo Baird Galileo Shockley Sholes Oho Hahn Oliver Lodge Marcony Roentgen

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Famous Lakes of the World

Name and location Area in sq km Length in sq km

Caspian Sea, CIS - Iran Superior, USA - Canada Victoria, Tanzania Uganda Aral, CIS Huron, USA - Canada Michigan, USA Tanganyika Baikal, CIS Great Bear, Canada Nyasa, Malawi - Mozambique - Tanzania Great Slave, Canada Chad, Chad - Niger - Nigeria Erie, USA - Canada Winnipeg, Canada Ontario, USA - Canada Balkash, CIS Ladoga, CIS Onega, CIS Titicaca, Bolivia - Peru Nicaragua, Nicaragua Athabaska, Canada Rudolf, Kenya Reindeer, Canada Eyre, South Australia Issyk - Kul, CIS Urmia, Iran Torrens South Australia Vanern, Sweden Winnipegosis, Canada Mobuto Sese Seko, Uganda Nettilling, Baffin Island, Canada Nipigon, Canada Manitoba, Canada Great Salt, USA Kioga, Uganda Koko - Not, China

394,299 82,414 69,485 66,457 59,596 58,016 32,893 31,500 31,080 31,044 28,930 25,760 25,719 23,553 19,477 18,428 18,130 9,891 8,135 8,001 7,920 6,405 6,330 6,216 6,200 6,001 5,698 5,545 5,403 5,299 5,051 4,843 4,706 4,662 4,403 4,222

1,199 616 322 428 397 517 676 636 373 579 480 388 425 311 605 200 248 177 177 335 248 245 209 182 130 209 140 245 161 113 116 225 121 80 106
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First and Last 10 Nations

Sr. No. Biggest Nations (Area Wise) Biggest Nations (Population Wise) Smallest Nations (Area Wise) Smallest Nations (Population Wise)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Russia Canada China USA Brazil Australia India Argentina

China India USA Indonesia Brazil Pakistan Russia Bangladesh

Kazakhastan Japan Sudan Nigeria

Vatican City Monaco Nauru Tuvalu San Marino Liechtenstein Marshall Islands Saint Kitts and Nevis Maldives Malta

Vatican City Tuvalu Nauru Palau San Marino Monaco Liechtenstein Saint Kitts and Nevis Antigua and Barbados Dominica

City on a River
City Name of Rivers

Antwerp Baghdad Bangkok Belgrade Berlin Bonn Bristol Brussels Budapest Buenos Aires Cairo Chittagong Chungking Cologne Dublin Dresden Gdansk

Scheldt Tigris Chao Praya Danube Spree Rhine Avon Seine Danube La Plata Nile Karnafuli Yangtze-Kiang Rhine Liffey Elbe Vistula
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Glasgow Hamburg Hankow Kabul Karachi Khartoum Lahore Leh Lisbon London Madrid Montreal Moscow New Castle New Orleans New York Ottawa Philadelphia Paris Quebec Rangoon Rome Shanghai St. Louis Sydney Vienna Warsaw Washington Clyde Elbe Yangtze Kabul Sindh Nile Ravi Indus Tagus Thames Manzaneres St. Lawrence Moskova Tyne Mississippi Hudson St. Lawrence Delaware Siene St. Lawrence Irrawaddy Tiber Yangtze Mississippi Darling Danube Vistuala Polomec

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List of Highest Mountain Peaks

Region Famous Mountain Peaks Height (m)

Everest (Himalaya - Nepal / Tibet) Godwin Austen (Karakoram - India) Kanchenjunga (Himalaya India / Nepal) Lhotse (Himalaya - Nepal - China) Makalu (Himalaya - Nepal) Dhaulagiri (Himalaya - Nepal) Nanga Parvat (Himalaya - Nepal) Gasherbrum (Karakoram - Tibet) Gosainthan (Himalaya - Tibet) Nanda Devi (Himalaya - India) Aconcagua (Andes - Argentina) McKinley (Alaska - USA) Kilimanjaro (Solitary - Tanzania) Elbrus (Caucasus - CIS) Mont Blanc (Alp - France) Vinson Massif Caestensz (Nassau Range)

Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia South America North America Africa Europe Europe Antartica New Guinea,Oceania

8,848 8,611 8,598 8,501 8,470 8,172 8,126 8,068 8,013 7,817 6,960 6,194 5,888 5,633 4,810 5,139 5,000

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Wildlife Sanctuaries in India

Name Chandraprabha Sanctuary Dachigam Sanctuary Ghana Bird Sanctuary Ghatprabha Bird Sanctuary Jaldapara Sanctuary Kutree Game Sanctuary Manas Tigar Sanctuary Melapattu Bird Sanctuary Mudumalai Sanctuary Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctury Palamau Tiger Sanctuary Periyar Sanctuary Ranganthittoo Bird Sanctuary Ranthambhor Tiger Sanctuary Similipal Tiger Sanctuary Sultanpur Lake Bird Sanctuary Sunderbans Tiger Sanctuary Place Varanasi Srinagar Bharatpur Belgaum Jalpaiguri Bestar Barpeta Nellor Nilgiris Ahmedabad Daltonganj Idduki Sawai Madhopur Sawai Madhopur Mayurbhanj Gurgaon 24-Parganas State Uttar Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Rajasthan Karnataka West Bengal Madhya Pradesh Assam Andra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Gujarat Bihar Kerala Rajasthan Rajasthan Orissa Haryana West Bengal

Stock Exchanges in India

Name The Bombay Stock Exchange The Ahmedabad Stock Exchange Association Ltd Bangalore Stock Exchange Ltd,. Bhubaneshwar Stock Exchange Assn., Ltd,. The Culcutta Stock Exchange Association Ltd,. Cochin Stock Exchange Ltd The Delhi Stock Exchange Assn. Ltd The Gauhati Stock Exchange Ltd The Hyderabad Stock Exchange Ltd Jaipur Stock Exchange Ltd Kanara Stock Exchange Ltd The Ludhiana Stock Exchange Assn. Ltd. Madras Stock Exchnage Ltd. Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange Ltd. The Magadh Stock Exchange Ltd. Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange Ltd., The Uttar Pradesh Stock Exchange Assn. Ltd. Vadodara Stock Exchange Ltd. City Dalal Street, Mumbai Ahmedabad Bangalore Bhubaneswar Calcutta Cochin New Delhi Guwahati Hyderabad Jaipur Mangalore Ludhiana Chennai Indore Patna Rajkot Kanpur Vadodara Page 58

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Coimbatore Stock Exchange Otc Exchange Of India. The National Stock Exchange Of India Ltd. Coimbatore Bombay Mumbai

Famous Cities/Places in World

Name Abadan(Iran) Alaska (U.S.A.) Alexandria Angkor Wat Aswam Dam Baku Bethlehem Bikini Atoll Buckingham Palace Chushul Detroit (U.S.A) Elephanta Caves (India) Famous For Famous for oil refinery In 1958 it was declared as 49th State of U.S.A. City and sea-port of Egypt, founded by Alexander the Great. Ruined temple in Cambodia. A dam in Egypt across the River Nile. Oilfields of Azerbaijan. A town Palestine, the birth place of Christ. In Pacific Ocean, where first hydrogen bomb was tested by U.S.A. London residence of the British monarch. In Ladakh, highest airfield in the world. Chinese troops attacked it in 1962. The biggest car manufacturing town in the world. Situated in an island 15 miles from Bombay. Famous for the statues of Siva and Parvati. Gaza Strip In West Asia near border of Egypt. Under Israeli occupation. Gibraltar Key to Mediterranean, fortress and naval base situated on rock in the extreme South of Spain. Golden Temple (India) Famous temple of the Sikhs at Amritsar, constructed by Guru Ram Dass. Hiroshima An industrial center of Japan which was destroyed by atom bomb in 1945. Jerusalem City in Israel. Jesus Christ was crucified here (now capital of Israel) Khajuraho It is the State of chattarpur, Bundelkhand in Madhya Pradesh. It is famous for Mahadev Temple. Khorkov Important town of Ukraine, manufactures motor cars, tractors and agricultural machinery. Lop Nor Palace in Sinkiang (Red China), site for atomic tests. Los Angeles A part of The famous film industry of Hollywood is established here. California (U.S.A.) Manchester (U.K.) Cotton manufacturing city. It is one of the world's biggest cloth manufacturing center. Marseilles City and Seaport of Southern France. Famous for silk, wine, olive soap, margarine and candles. Mecca (Saudi Arabia) Sacred place of the Muslims because Prophet Mohammed was born here. Montreal Longest city of Canada. Famous for iron and steel works and motor car factories. Nagasaki (Japan) It is noted for its iron and steel industries. Atom was dropped here during World War II. New Castle An important port on the Tyne in England, famous for coal industry. Page 59

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New Orleans (U.S.A.) Osaka (Japan) Pisa Pentagon Potala Sinai Seychelles Vatican Versailles (France) Walling Wall It is the greatest cotton and wheat exporting center in the world. Known as the Manchester of Japan. It is sometimes called the Venice of Japan. In Italy, famous for Leaning Tower, one of the seven wonders of the world. Headquarters of American Defence Forces. Dalai Lama's palace at Lhasa (Tibet). Peninsula of Egypt between the Gulfs of Suez and Aquba. Is at the head of Red Sea. Island in Indian Ocean, got freedom on June 28, 1976. Official residence of the Pope of Rome. Famous for the treaty of Versailles which ended World War I in 1918. Part of the Western Wall of the Temple Court in Jerusalem. Part of the wall, probably dates from the time of Solomon, is regarded by both Jews and Moslems as one of special sanctity. In Manhattan, New York, famous for American's stock exchange market. The official residence of the President of U.S.A. in Washington D.C.

Wall Street White House

VOLCANOES
Name Ojos dei Saldo Cotopaxi Lascar Popocatepetl Nevado del Ruiz Sangay Purace Mauna Loa Tacana Cameroon Mt. Erebus Pico de Teide Nyirangongo Mt. Etna Mt. Unzen mt.Pinatubo Barren Island (andaman) Tajumulco Country Argentina-Chile Ecuador Chile Mexico Colombia Ecuador Colombia USA Guatemala Cameroon Antarctica Spain Zaire Italy Japan Philippines India Guatemala

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About Continents
Name Area in Kilometers Square % of Area Earth's Highest meters Point in Lowest meters Point in

Asia Africa North America South America Europe Australia Antarctica

43 998 000 29 800 000 21 510 000 17 598 000 9 699 550 7 699 000 13 600 000

29.5 20.0 16.3 11.8 6.5 5.2 9.6

Everest [8848] Kilimanjaro [5894] McKinely [6194] Aconcagua [6960] Elbrus [5663] Kosciusko [2228] Vinson Massif [5140]

Dead Sea [-396.8] Dead Sea [-156.1] Death Valley [85.9] Valdes Penin [39.9] Caspian Sea [-28.0] Lake Eyre [-15.8]

World's Deserts
Name Area in Sq. Km Territories

The Sahara Australian Desert Arabian Desert The Gobi Kalahari Desert Takla Makan Sonoran Desert Namib Desert Kara Kum Thar Desert Somall Desert Atacama Desert Kizil Kum Dasht-e-Lut Mojave Desert Desierto De Sechura

84,00,000 15,50,000 13,00,000 10,40,000 5,20,000 3,20,000 3,10,000 3,10,000 2,70,000 2,60,000 2,60,000 1,80,000 1,80,000 52,000 35,000 26,000

Algeria Chad, Libya, Mauritania, Sudan, Tunisia, Egypt, Motocca, etc. Australia, Great Victoria, Simpson, etc. Southern Arabia, Iraq, Yamen etc. Mongolia and China Botswana Sinkiang, China Arizona and California, U.S.A., and Mexico Namibia Turkmanistan Northwestern India and Pakistan Somalia Northern Chile Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan Eastern Iran Southern Californis North-West 'Peru'

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Islands of the World

Island Greenland New Guinea Borneo Madagascar Baffin Sumatra Honshu Great Britain Ellesmere Victoria I Celebes South Islands Java North Island Cuba Newfoundland Luzon Iceland Mindanao Ireland Hokkaido Hispaniola Tasmania Sri Lanka (Ceylon) Sakhalin (Karafuto) Banks Devon Kyushu Melville Axel Heriberg Southampton Location North Atlantic South-West Pacific West mid-Pacific Indian Ocean North Atlantic Northeast Indian Ocean Sea of Jappan-Pacific Off Coast North-West Europe Artic Ocean Artic Ocean West Mid-Pacific South Pacific Indiand Ocean South Pacific Carribbean Sea North Atlantic West mid-Pacific North Atlantic West mid-Pacific West of Great Britain Sea of Japan-Pacific Caribbean Sea South of Australia Indian Ocean North of Japan Artic Ocean Artic Ocean Sea of Japan-Pacific Artic Ocean Artic Ocean Hudson bay Area Km2 2,175,600 777,000 725,545 587,042 476,065 473,600 228,000 218,041 196,236 212,197 189,035 150,460 126,295 114,687 114,522 112,300 104,688 102,999 94,226 82,460 77,900 76,192 67,900 65,600 63,610 60,166 54,030 42,018 41,805 40,868 40,663

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Important Rivers of World

Rivers Nile Amazon Mississippi Missouri Yangtze-Kiang Ob Yellow (Hwang Ho) Yenisey Parana Irtish Congo Amur Lena Mackenzie Niger Mekong Mississippi Missouri Volga Maderia Purus Sao Francisco St. Lawrence Yukon Rio Grande Brahmaputra Indus Danube Euphrates Darling Zambezi Tocantins Murrary Nelson Paraguay Ural Ganges Amu Darya (Oxus) Japura Outflow Mediterranean Sea Atlantic Ocean Gulf of Mexico China Sea Gulf of Ob Gulf of Chihli Arctic Ocean Rio de la plata Ob River Atlantic Ocean Tatar Strait Artic Ocean Beaufort Sea (Artic Ocean) Gulf of Guinea South China Sea Gulf of Mexico Mississippi River Caspian Sea Amazon River Amazon River Atlantic Ocean Gulf of St. Lawrence Bering Sea Gulf of Mexico Ganges River Arabian Sea Black Sea Shatt-al-Arab Murray River Mozambique Channel Para River Indian Ocean Hudson Bay Parana River Caspian Sea Bay of Bengal Aral Sea Amazon River Length 6,690 6,296 6,020 5,797 5,567 4,667 4,506 4,498 4,438 4,371 4,352 4,268 4,241 4,184 4,023 3,779 3,726 3,687 3,238 3,207 3,198 3,058 3,058 3,034 2,897 2,897 2,842 2,799 2,739 2,736 2,699 2,589 2,574 2,549 2,533 2,506 2,414 2,414 Page 63

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Salween Arkansas Colorado Dnieper Ohio Alledheny Irrawaddy Orange Orinoco Pilcomayo Xi Jiang (Si Kiang) Columbia Don Sungari Saskatchewan Peace Tigris Gulf of Martaban Mississippi River Gulf of California Black Sea Mississippi River Bay of Bengal Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Paraguay River China Sea Pacific Ocean Sea of Azov Amur River Lake Winnipeg Great Slave River Shatt-al-Arb 2,414 2,333 2,333 2,284 2,102 2,092 2,092 2,062 1,999 1,989 1,983 1,968 1,955 1,939 1,923 1,899

SCIENTIFIC MEASURES
Measures Details

AMPERE CALORY KNOT HORSE POWER WATT VOLT

Unit of electric current. Equal to the flow of 6.241 x 1018 electrons per second. Calory is the unit of heat. It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature or one gram of water through 10 C Knot is a measure to know the speed of a ship. The practical unit of power - the power of an agent which can work at the rate of 550 foot-pounds per second or 33,000 foot-pounds per minute 1 HP=746 watts. Unit of power - the rate of work done in joules per second; the energy expended per second by an unvarying electric current of 1 ampere. The unit of potential difference. It is that much potential difference which when applied to the ends of an electrical conductor of resistance one ohm, the amount of energy consumed in the circuit in one second is one Joule (=107 ergs). The pressure is expressed in pounds weight per sq cm. The pressure of the atmosphere is expressed in millibars. One millibar = 1 dyne per sq cm. If the pressure is very high, they are expressed in multiples of atmospheric pressure. 1 atmosphere is a pressure exerted by a column of mercury 76 cm high at sea level Joule is the unit of work or energy. It is the energy consumed in one second in an electrical circuit through which a current energy of one ampere is flowing against a
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potential difference of one volt. The unit of wavelength of light is Angstrom 1 Angstrom = 10-8 cm. A unit of distance used in navigation - one minute of longitude measured along the Equator. A Nautical Mile is approximately equal to 6, 080 feet. The weight of an atom of hydrogen is taken as the standard; the respective weights of the atoms of all other substances are expressed in terms of hydrogen

ANGSTROM NAUTICAL MILE ATOMIC WEIGHT

Instruments in Daily Use

Name of Instrument Purpose of Instrument

Thermometer Spring balance Altimeter Sphygmomanometer Ammeter Anemometer Refractometer Barometer Calorimeter Salinometer Clinical Thermometer Dynamo Galvanometer Hydrometer Hydrophone Hygrometer Hygroscope Lactometer Micrometer Television Manometer Seismograph Magnetometer Mariner's Compass Telescope Planimeter Pyknometer

Measure the temperature Measures the mass/weight of body Barometer used in measuring altitudes Measure blood pressure Strength of an electric current Measure the velocity of wind and find the direction of the wind To measure refractive index of a substance Atmospheric pressure Quantities of heat Decides salinity of the water Temperature of human body Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy Measures electric current Relative density of liquids Measures sound under water Relative humidity of the atmosphere Changes in atmospheric humidity Relative density of milk Measure small distances or angles Transmitting the visible moving images by means of wireless waves Measure the pressure of gases Decides the intensity of earthquake Compare the magnetic moments and fields Determining direction on a ship View distant objects as magnified Measure area of a plane surface Measure the density and co-efficient of expansion of fluid
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Pyrometers Rain gauge Stethoscope Vernier Caliper Viscometer Voltmeter thermometers to measure high temperatures Measuring rainfall For hearing and analyzing the sound of heart and lungs Adjustable instrument with sub divisions for measuring small sub-divisions of scale Measuring the viscosity Measures electrical potential difference between two points in an electric circuit

Important of Laws in Science

Laws Explanation

ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE

When a body is immersed either wholly or partially in a fluid at rest, the apparent loss of weight suffered by it is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it. AVOGADRO's LAW Equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules. CENTRE OF GRAVITY A body will remain at rest only if the vertical line through the centres of gravity passes through the base of support of the body BOILING POINT It increases with the increase of pressure. The presence of impurities also raises the boiling point of a liquid COULOMB'S LAW The force between the two electric charges reduces to a quarter of its former value when the distance between them is doubled FARADAY'S LAWS OF The amount of chemical change during electrolysis is proportional to ELECTROLYSIS the charge passed. The masses of substances liberated or deposited by the same quantity of electric charge are proportional to their chemical equivalents MASS ENERGY EQUATION E = mc2 where E = quantity of energy released from the annihilation of matter of mass 'm' c = velocity of light BLACK BODY RADIATION Black body absorbs heat or radiates heat more quickly than any other body. LAW OF CONSERVATION In chemical changes, matter is neither created nor destroyed. OF MATTER The sum total of the masses of all the products of a chemical change is exactly equal to the sum total of the substances from which these products have been formed.
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LAWS THERMODYNAMICS OF The amount of heat given to a system is equal to the sum of the increase in the internal energy of the system and the external work done. It is impossible to construct a continuous self-acting machine that can pump heat energy from a body at lower temperature to a body at higher temperature. NEWTON'S UNIVERSAL Everybody in the universe attracts every other body with a force, LAW OF GRAVITATION directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. NEWTON'S LAWS OF First Law (Law of Inertia) Everybody continues in its state of rest or of MOTION uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by a force Second Law The rate of change of momentum of a moving body is proportional to the applied force and takes place in the direction of the force. Third Law For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. LENZ'S LAW When an electric current is induced by a change in magnetic field, the induced current is always in such a direction that its magnetic field opposes the change of field which causes the induction OHM'S LAW The amount of current flowing in an electric circuit is governed by the voltage of the battery on dynamo which powers it. In other words, the current through a conductor is directly proportional the potential difference across the conductor and inversely proportional to its resistance.

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List of Famous Indian Dancers

Dancer Name Classical Dancers Dance Type

Anita Ratnam Chitra Vishweswaran Mallika Sarabhai Padma Subramanyam Pandit Birju Maharaj Sonal Mansingh Yamini Krishnamurthy T. Balasaraswati Indrani Rehman Protima Gowri Sitara Devi Shovana Narayan Radha Reddy Raja Reddy Anjana Rajan Purvi Sheth Rema Shrikant

Bharatanatyam, Mohiniattam and Kathakali Bharatanatyam Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi Bharatanatyam Kathak Odissi Bharatnatyam and Kuchipudi Bharatanatyam Odissi Odissi Kathak Kathak Kuchipudi Kuchipudi Bharatanatyam Bharatanatyam Bharatanatyam and Mohiniyattam

Contemporary Indian Dancers

Uday Shankar Ashley Lobo Shiamak Dawar Vaibhavi Merchant Saroj Khan Manjushree Chaki-Sarkar Ranjabati Sarkar

Indian Ballet Jazz, Classical Ballet and Contemporary Dance Jazz and Contemporary Dance Choreographer Choreographer Varied Choreographic Productions Varied Choreographic Productions

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