csK;d ulov

H rf;uav;(4)
atmifa0;

]]crf;udkcspf&if
yJykyfudkvnf; cspf&r,f}}
vGrf;p&mh kyf&Sif
vGrf;p&mh yHkjyif
i,fi,fwkef;u
cspfa&pif/

www.snapshot-news .com

twGJ? 4 ? trSwf ? 2 ?

22 .10 .2012 (wevFm)

vufyHawmif;awmifaMu;eDpDrHudef;teD;&Sd v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifUywfoufaom omoedutaqmuftODrsm; rkdif;cGJzsufqD;jcif;

r&SdcJU[k jrefrmUpD;yGm;a&;OD;ykdifvDrdwufESifU Myanmar Wanbao rS wm0ef&Sdolrsm; &Sif;vif;ajymMum;

cs,f&DawGvnf;
,rf;eHYpGJovdk
ydawmufawGvnf;
,rf;eHYpGJwmygyJ eef;&,f/
vrf;wdkif;rSm
yef;wdkif&Sdw,f/
'Dvrf;uav;rSm
aoG;eJY a&;wJh
Zmwf0ifaw; &Sdw,f/
AdkvfcsKyfu aoqdk&if
uRefawmfwdkYu aow,f/
AdkvfcsKyfu &Sifqdk&if
uRefawmfwdkYu &Sifw,f/
'DaeYacwf[m
jrefrm wpfusyf
u&if wpfusyf r[kwfawmhbl;/

rk&H mG ckid ?f qm;vif;BuD;NrKdUe,ftwGi;f {u(7867.78)ausmf us,f0ef;aom {&d,mtwGi;f taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&u

G v
f suf&adS om vufyaH wmif;awmif
aMu;eDpDrHudef;teD;&Sd v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifhywfoufaom omoedutaqmuftODrsm;udk rkdif;cGJzsufqD;jcif; r&SdcJhaMumif; jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;OD;ykdifvDrdwufESifh
Myanmar Wanbao rSwm0ef&Sdolrsm;u (2012)ckESpf? atmufwkdbm(15)&ufaeY? eHeuf(10)em&DtcsdefwGif &efukefNrKdU?ajcmufrkdifcGJ?Akdvfcsdefvrf;&Sd Myanmar Wanbao
kH;csKyfwGifusif;yjyKvkyfaom owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJwGif jynfwGif;^jynfyrD'D,mrsm;okdY twdtvif;ajymqkdoGm;onf/
]]uRefawmfwkdY 'DaeYac:,l&Sif;vif;&wJhtaMumif;uawmh atmufwkdbm(9)&ufaeYnu xkwfvTifhoGm;wJh DVB owif;rSm rrSefruefxkwfvTifhoGm;wJhowif;
wpfyk'fudkawGUvkduf&ygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYbufu 'geJYywfoufNyD;awmh rrSefruefeJY vkyfBuHNyD; xkwfvTifhvkdufwJhowif;qkdwmudk &Sif;vif;wifjycsifwJhtwGuf
zdwfac:&jcif;jzpfygw,f/ 'Dowif;u awmfawmfrsm;rsm;vnf;odNyD;MuNyDjzpfrSmyg/ 'Dudpu uRefawmfwkdYtwGuf bmvkdYwifjy&vJqkdawmh bmoma&;eJYqkdifwJh[mjzpf
wJhtwGuf wifjy&jcif;jzpfygw,f/ Mine {&d,mtwGif;rSm&SdwJh apwDykxkd;? ausmif;uefZ&yfawGudk uRefawmfwkdYtaeeJY vufvGwfpy,frvkyfygbl;/ oufqkdif&m
oHCmhem,utoD;oD;udk wifjyNyD;awmhrS 'Dtay:rSm uRefawmfwkdYb,fvkdrsm;aqmif&Gufoifhw,fqkdwJh vrf;nTefrdefYMum;csufawGudkrlwnfNyD; a&TUajymif;jcif;awGudk
aqmif&Gufwmjzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYu a&TUajymif;cH&wJh bmoma&;taqmuftODawGudkvnf; b,fvkdaqmif&Gufay;cJhw,fqkdwm (pmrsufESm 42 okdY)

usKdufxD;kd;awmifay:wGifowif;,laeaom DVB owif;axmufqDrSuifr&mudkodrf;,ljcif;r&SdcJUaMumif;

kd;kd;av;[kdw,f?wnf;ckdcef;ESifU,mOfvkdif;rsm;ykdif&Sif OD;aexufodef;EkdifrS&Sif;vif;ajymqkd

'DaeYacwfu
u&if wpfa':vm
jrefrm wpfa':vm acwf/
jzpfEkdif&if
jrpfqHkrSm
tcspfvHIcsifyg&JU/
,HkMunf&if
a'gif; wpfaumif
ysm;&nf wpftdk;
vrf;dk;rSm
yef;rkd;&Gmr,f/
crf;udkvnf; cspfygw,f
yJykyfudkvnf; cspfygw,f
jynfaxmifpkudkvnf; &SpfMur,fav/ /
(OD;cGefxGef;OD;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;&Jabmfrsm;odkY)

Zefe0g&D 31 2012

rGejf ynfe,f? usKdux

f Ndk rKdUe,ftwGi;f &Sd qHawmf&iS u
f sKdux
f ;D k;d apwDawmfay:wGif owif;,laeaom DVB owif;axmuf
qDrSuifr&mudk odrf;,lcJhjcif;r&SdaMumif; kd;kd;av; [kdw,fESifhwnf;ckdcef;ykdif&Sif OD;aexufodef;EkdifrS vQyfwpfjyufowif;
*sme,fow
Ydk &m;0ifajymqko
d mG ;onf/ ]]uRefawmfwYdk awmifay:u qkid cf ef;tawmfrsm;rsm;udk cGirhf awmif;bJeYJ u
dk w
f t
hJ wGuaf Mumifh
uRefawmfwkdYqDuvlawGu odrf;vkdufwmyg/ pufwifbmveJY atmufwkdbmvtwGif; usKdufxD;kd;awmifay:rSm (88)rsKd;quf
ausmif;om;twkawGu awmfawmfav;udk tkyfpkzGJU&rf;um;aeMuw,f/ aemufNyD; rrSefowif;awGxkwfvTifhw,f/ vlxkawG
xifa,mifxifrSm;jzpfatmif trsKd;rsKd;ajymqkdMuw,f/ awmifay:rSmu vkyfief;vkyfukdifoltm;vkH; bk&m;BuD;udk rSDckdtm;xm;NyD;
vkyaf e&Muwmyg/ bmrS r[kww
f mvkyv
f rYdk &ygbl;/ r[kww
f mvkyw
f o
hJ al wGvnf; awmifay:rSm a&&Snpf ;D yGm;a&; vkyu
f idk v
f rYdk &
ygbl;/ usKdufxD;kd;u awmfawmfav;vnf; wefckd;BuD;ygw,f/ (88)rsKd;qufausmif;om;twkawGu tkyfpkzGJU&rf;um;aeMuwJh
twGufaMumifh olwkdYeJY ywfoufwJh olawGu awmifay:uqkdifcef;eJY ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;udk rrSefowif;xkwfvTifhzkdY kduf
ul;w,fxifvkdY tckvkd odrf;,lcJhjcif;jzpfygw,f/ aemufNyD; tJ'DtcsdefrSmu (88)rsKd;qufausmif;om; twkawGeJY awmifay:u
aps;olaps;om;awGeJY y#dyuu BuD;xGm;aewJhtcsdefvnf;jzpfygw,f/ rvkdvm;tyfwJh jyemawGjzpfrSmpkd;vkdYyg/ wjcm;
&nf&,
G cf sufr&Syd gbl;/ DVB owif;axmufvaYdk jymwJt
h wGuf uRefawmfwYdk uifr&mudk jyefay;vku
d yf gw,f/ 'Dupd u
kd uRefawmfwYdk
DVB kyfjrifoHMum;rSmaum? tGefvkdif;rD'D,mawGrSmyg us,fus,fjyefYjyefY jyef&Sif;xm;ygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdY jyef&Sif;jywJhowif;u
aemufrSwufwJhtwGuf t&if uifr&modrf;wJhowif;udkzwf&wJholawGu uRefawmfwkdYukd pdwfqkd;Muygvdrfhr,f/ uRefawmf rD'D,mudk av;pm;wJholwpfa,mufyg/
wkid ;f jynfrmS rD',
D m&JU tcef;u@u b,favmuf ta&;BuD;w,fqw
dk mudk uRefawmfu,
dk w
f idk f oabmaygufxm;wJo
h yl g/ wkid ;f jynfw;dk wufzYdk rD',
D m&JUtcef;u@u
awmfawmfav;ta&;ygw,fqkdwmudk uRefawmfodxm;ygw,f/ wkdif;jynf a&SUa&mufzkdY rD'D,meJY 0kdif;wGef;&r,fqkdwm uRefawmf em;vnfxm;ygw,f}}[k &Sif;vif;
rif;atmifatmif
ajymqkdoGm;onf/

usKdufxD;kd;awmifay:wGif (88)rsKd;qufausmif;om;rsm;(jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH)ygwD[kqkdum tkyfpkzGJY?

rif;rJUpkdufqefpGm&rf;um;aeolrsm;tm; ta&;,lay;yg&ef usKdufxD;kd;awmifay:rS aps;olaps;om;rsm;
ESifU usKdufxkdNrKdYolNrKdYom;(2000)ausmf vufrSwfa&;xkd;um EkdifiHawmfor w xHwid k Mu
f m;
rGefjynfe,f? usKduf
xkdNrKdUe,f twGif;&Sd usKduf
xD;k;d awmifay:wGif (88)rsKd;
qufausmif;om;rsm; (jynf
axmif p k j ref r mEk d i f i H ) [k q k d
um(88)ausmif;om;twkrsm;
tkyfpkzGJU &rf;um;aeaMumif;
vQyw
f pfjyufowif;*sme,fu
a'ocHrsm;qDrS zkef;jzifhwpf
rsKd;?ar;vfjzifw
h pfz?Hk vlu,
dk f
wkdif vma&muf ajymMum;
csufrsm;t& pkHprf;od&Sd&yg
onf/ tqkdyg jzpf&yfrsm;

(88)rsKd;qufausmif;om;twk pkd;rkd;ESifUtzGJY tdrfwpftdrftm;tMurf;zufzsufqD;aeykH

(pmrsufESm 42 okdY)

owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGv
J m;
pme,fZif;&Sif;vif;yGJvm;
ae&mawmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif acwfpm;aeaom pum;vH;k rSm owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGq
J o
kd nfph um;vH;k jzpfonf/ rdwu
f yform;rsm;or*ro
S nf Edik if aH &;ygwDBuD;rsm;
txd owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJqdkaompum;vHk;udk azmazmoDoDoHk;pGJaeMu&m a0g[m&jyemvm;? pum;vHk;jyemvm;[k pOf;pm;p&m&SdvmcJhonf/ owif;pm
&Sif;vif;yGJESifh pme,fZif;&Sif;vif;yGJwdkYonf pum;vHk;teuft"dym,frwlnDwwfay&m rdrdwdkYb,facgif;pOfatmufwGif bmvkyfMurvJqdkjcif;udk &Sif;vif;pGm
od&SdMu&ef vdktyfvSacsonf/

ausmif;wGif;pDrHcefhcGJrIvGJrSm;jcif;aMumifU epfemqHk;HI;cJU&aom ausmif;om;ausmif;olrdbrsm;\

pme,fZif;&Sif;vif;yGJrS ynmoifMum;cGifU&yfpJcHvdkuf&aom ausmif;om;wpfOD;\ &ifzGifUoH

(15?10?2012)&uf? aeYv,f(1)em&DausmftcsdefrSmawmh 'udP&mr

wdkuftv,fwdkufrBuD;rSm rEav;aq;wuodkvfeJY rHk&Gmwuodkvf wdkYrS
ausmif;txkwfcHvdkuf&aom ausmif;om;tcsKdUrS pme,fZif;&Sif;vif;yGJ
wpfckjyKvkyfcJhygw,f/ 'D&Sif;vif;yGJudk ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;
rdbrsm;? ArmEkid if v
H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;or*tzGUJ csKyf(A[dv
k yk if ef; aumf
rwD)? rEav;aq;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*(,m,D) rEav;NrdKU?
ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf(txufjrefrmjynf vkyfief;
aumfrwD) rEav;cdkifausmif;om;rsm;or*? rEav;rS owif;axmuf
rsm;wufa&mufcJhMuygw,f/ wufa&mufvmMuwJh ausmif;om;or*rsm;
rS oabmxm;aMunmcsufrsm;udk zwfMum;&Sif;vif;oGm;Muygw,f/
]ausmif;wGi;f pDrcH efcY rJG v
I rJG mS ;jcif;aMumifh epfemqH;k H;I cJ&h aom ausmif;
om;? ausmif;olrdbrsm;\ pme,fZif;&Sif;vif;yGJ}vdkY zdwfpmrSmacgif;wyf
xm;wmaMumifh rnfodkYaom pDrHcefYcGJrItvGJrSm;aMumifh ausmif;xkwfcH&
rIrsm;udk t"du&Sif;vif;wifjyoGm;aom ausmif;om;wpfOD;jzpfol armif
aumif;qufudk ar;jref;cJhygw,f/ armifaumif;quf[m *kPfxl;(4)bm
om(jrefrm? ocsFm? "mwk? ly)eJYatmifjrifNyD; &rSwfaygif;uawmh (478)
rSwfeJY (2006-2007)ynmoifESpfrSm rEav;aq;wuodkvfwufa&muf
ynmoifMum;cGi&hf &SNd yD; (2010-11)ynmoifEpS (f wwd,ESp)f rSm ynmoif
cGifhudk &yfpJcHvdkuf&wJhausmif;om;wpfOD;yg/
armifaumif;qufu (2011)ckEpS w
f iG ;f ynmoifMum;cGi&hf yfpcJ v
H u
kd f
&aom (ausmif;rSxGuf&)pm&if;rsm;udk tckvdkajymjyygw,f/ ]yxrESpf
(41)a,muf? wwd,ESpf(27)a,muf Part I (10)a,muf? Part II (8)
a,muf? H.S(tvkyfoifq&m0ef 4 a,muf)wdkYjzpfNyD; 'kwd,ESpfausmif;
om;pm&if;udk pkaqmif;r&&Sad o;bl;}
vdkYqdkygw,f/ 'Dpm&if;[m ]Supply
rSm usxGuf&aom pm&if; ryg
ao;bl;vd}Yk vnf;ajymygw,f/ olwYkd
rEav; aq;wuov
kd &f UJ oifMum;
rIyHkpHu ausmif;om; ausmif;ol
(300)udk tcef;xJwiG x
f nf
h q&m
(1)a,muf u oif M um;ygw,f /
q&mrsm;? tcef;rsm; vHkavmufpGm
&Sdaomfvnf; jyKjyifay;jcif; r&Sdyg/
wpfywf wpf&uf assignment yHkpH
small group ESifh wpfcsdefom oifyg
w,f/ ausmif;&Sd q&m q&mr wdik ;f
u txl;cRefq;kH aomolrsm;? pmoif
aumif;aomolrsm; jzpfMuayr,fh
ausmif;olausmif;om;(100)rSm (95)
a,mufavmufu usL&Sifrsm;? *dkuf
rsm;jyef,al eMu&ygw,f/ ausmif;&JU
Facility nHhzsif;rIaMumifhvdkY xifyg
w,f}vdkY qdkygw,f/
ausmif;om;rsm; pmar;yGJ usH;I
&jcif;taMumif;rsm;udk ]t"dutm;

jzifh ausmif;om;ausmif;oltrsm;pk[m pmar;yGJajzqdkcGifhr&vdkufbJ IF

ruswus owfrSwfcHae&w,f/ (Debar ausmif;ac:csdefrjynfh ajzcGifh
r&bJ tusowfrSwfcH&jcif; 2F (2)ESpfuscGifh ay;xm;aomfvnf; trsm;
tm;jzifh ajzcGifhr&vdkufbJ tusowfrSwfcH&vdkY ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;
rsm; qHk;HI;ae&jcif;?3F jzpfvQif ausmif;rS &moufyef xkwfy,fcH&rSmjzpf
ygw,f/ (Debar = Roll call rjynfhojzifh
Debar qGJonf)/ 'gayr,fh Roll call
aumuf & mrS m vnf ; wd u srS e f u ef p G m
aumufEidk jf cif;r&Syd gbl;/ Oyrmqd&k if Roll
Call aumufcgeD;rS 0ifvmNyD; Roll call
,lorl sm;&So
d vdk (3)csdeaf ygif; (4)csdeaf ygif;
Roll call aumuf&mrSm a&SUwpfcsdef ESpf
csdef wufolrsm; Roll call aumufcH&mrSm
Roll call r&&Sdawmhbl;/ Debar udk tjcm;
rormaomenf;rsm;eJY a&SmifEkdifolrsm; &Sd
w,f}vdaYk jymygw,f/ (wcsKdU ausmif;om;
rsm;twGuf Debar pm&if;jyefwGuf ay;
jcif;)? (2)vwpfcg ajzqdkaom test (4)ck
aygif;wGif owfrSwf trSwfr&&Sdxm;ygu
final wGif rnfodkYrS ratmifEkdifjcif; (vm
rajzeJY aocsmaygufusNyD;om;)/ 'gay
r,fh test rsm;rSmpkwfjywfaeaom ausmif;
om;wcsKdU[m final aumif;&ef[laom
owfrSwfcsufeJY atmifaeonfudk awGU&
ovdk test rsm; vGwfvGwfuRwfuRwf
atmifxm;aomfvnf; final wGirf aumif;
usonf q d k a om ausmif ; om;rsm;

vnf;&Sdygw,f/ aemufNyD; ausmif; pnf;urf;

rsm;udk wif;usyfpGm xkwfjyefxm;aomfvnf;
trSefwu,fusifhoHk;&mrSm wdusrSefuefpGm pDrH
Edkifjcif;r&Sdayr,fh ESdyfuGyf&mrSmawmh tjynfht0
ESdyfuGyfjcif;? vdkwdk;ydkavQmh vkyfay;cJh&wJh tcGifh
xl;cH vlwef;pm;wpf&yf ausmif;wGif ay:ayguf
aejcif;&Sdw,f}vdkYajymygw,f/
'Dvdkjzpfay:aewmudk ]aq;ynm&Sif avm
urS ynm&Sifrsm;omru tjcm;aom ynma&;
tzGJUtpnf;tm;vHk;rSm wm0ef&Sdw,fvdkY xifyg
w,f vdkYvnf;qdkygw,f/ (jynfhpHkaumif;rGefNyD;
ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm; pdwf0ifpm;aprnfh
oifMum;rIypkH ?H ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;&JU vdt
k yfcsufrsm;udk nEd iId ;f wdik f
yif az;rulnDjcif;? ormorwfusaom tkyfcsKyfyHkpepf ponf ponf
rsm;vdktyf)
armifaumif;quf&JU wpfOD;wnf;(ausmif;xkwfcH&jcif;ay: ay;csif
aom tBuHmPf)rsm;udk ar;Munfh&mrSmawmh]Ekid if aH wmfjyKjyifajymif;vJaecsderf mS ta&;ygvSaom vlpY rG ;f tift&if;
tjrpfrsm;&&Sdap&ef EkdifiHwuma&mufaeonfh jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm; ynm&Sif
rsm;udk jyefvnfzdwfac:aecsdefwGif ,ckuJhodkY aocsma&&mvSonfh vlY
pGrf;tift&if;tjrpfrsm;udk &mESifhcsD tGefYcsKd;aeouJhodkY&SdNyD; EkdifiH
awmf b@mudk jzKef;wD;&ma&mufw,fvaYkd jymygw,f/ olwrYkd mS owfrw
S f
xm;aom trSwf? medical test Psycho test eJY tjcm;aom ppfaq;
rIrsm;udk atmifjrifNyD; EkdifiHawmftwGuf us&mae&mrS wm0efxrf;aqmif
ygrnfvdkY r[kwfygu wnfqJOya't& ta&;,lcHygrnfqdkaom uwd
opmxdjyKxm;Muolrsm;jzpfygw,f/ if;wdkY\ vdkvm;csufrsm;udk pdwf
BudKuf a&G;,lNyD; aumif;rGefpGm ysKd;axmifEkdifjcif;r&Sdjcif;rSm ...vdkY tNyD;
owf ajzMum;oGm;ygw,f/ aemufNyD;
],ckvuf&Sd ygarmucsKyf pwiftkyfcsKyfonfh (2008)rS (2011)xd
ausmif;xkwyf ,fjcif;cH&aomOD;a&rSm wpfEpS v
f Qif ysrf;rQ (100) ausmf&ydS g
w,f}vdkY ajymMum;oGm;cJhygw,f/
armifzlvHk(ykodrfBuD;)

owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGv
J m;
pme,fZif;&Sif;vif;yGJvm;
ae&mawmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif acwfpm;aeaom pum;vH;k rSm owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGq
J o
kd nfph um;vH;k jzpfonf/ rdwu
f yform;rsm;or*ro
S nf Edik if aH &;ygwDBuD;rsm;
txd owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJqdkaompum;vHk;udk azmazmoDoDoHk;pGJaeMu&m a0g[m&jyemvm;? pum;vHk;jyemvm;[k pOf;pm;p&m&SdvmcJhonf/ owif;pm
&Sif;vif;yGJESifh pme,fZif;&Sif;vif;yGJwdkYonf pum;vHk;teuft"dym,frwlnDwwfay&m rdrdwdkYb,facgif;pOfatmufwGif bmvkyfMurvJqdkjcif;udk &Sif;vif;pGm
od&SdMu&ef vdktyfvSacsonf/

ausmif;wGif;pDrHcefhcGJrIvGJrSm;jcif;aMumifU epfemqHk;HI;cJU&aom ausmif;om;ausmif;olrdbrsm;\

pme,fZif;&Sif;vif;yGJrS ynmoifMum;cGifU&yfpJcHvdkuf&aom ausmif;om;wpfOD;\ &ifzGifUoH

(15?10?2012)&uf? aeYv,f(1)em&DausmftcsdefrSmawmh 'udP&mr

wdkuftv,fwdkufrBuD;rSm rEav;aq;wuodkvfeJY rHk&Gmwuodkvf wdkYrS
ausmif;txkwfcHvdkuf&aom ausmif;om;tcsKdUrS pme,fZif;&Sif;vif;yGJ
wpfckjyKvkyfcJhygw,f/ 'D&Sif;vif;yGJudk ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;
rdbrsm;? ArmEkid if v
H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;or*tzGUJ csKyf(A[dv
k yk if ef; aumf
rwD)? rEav;aq;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*(,m,D) rEav;NrdKU?
ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf(txufjrefrmjynf vkyfief;
aumfrwD) rEav;cdkifausmif;om;rsm;or*? rEav;rS owif;axmuf
rsm;wufa&mufcJhMuygw,f/ wufa&mufvmMuwJh ausmif;om;or*rsm;
rS oabmxm;aMunmcsufrsm;udk zwfMum;&Sif;vif;oGm;Muygw,f/
]ausmif;wGi;f pDrcH efcY rJG v
I rJG mS ;jcif;aMumifh epfemqH;k H;I cJ&h aom ausmif;
om;? ausmif;olrdbrsm;\ pme,fZif;&Sif;vif;yGJ}vdkY zdwfpmrSmacgif;wyf
xm;wmaMumifh rnfodkYaom pDrHcefYcGJrItvGJrSm;aMumifh ausmif;xkwfcH&
rIrsm;udk t"du&Sif;vif;wifjyoGm;aom ausmif;om;wpfOD;jzpfol armif
aumif;qufudk ar;jref;cJhygw,f/ armifaumif;quf[m *kPfxl;(4)bm
om(jrefrm? ocsFm? "mwk? ly)eJYatmifjrifNyD; &rSwfaygif;uawmh (478)
rSwfeJY (2006-2007)ynmoifESpfrSm rEav;aq;wuodkvfwufa&muf
ynmoifMum;cGi&hf &SNd yD; (2010-11)ynmoifEpS (f wwd,ESp)f rSm ynmoif
cGifhudk &yfpJcHvdkuf&wJhausmif;om;wpfOD;yg/
armifaumif;qufu (2011)ckEpS w
f iG ;f ynmoifMum;cGi&hf yfpcJ v
H u
kd f
&aom (ausmif;rSxGuf&)pm&if;rsm;udk tckvdkajymjyygw,f/ ]yxrESpf
(41)a,muf? wwd,ESpf(27)a,muf Part I (10)a,muf? Part II (8)
a,muf? H.S(tvkyfoifq&m0ef 4 a,muf)wdkYjzpfNyD; 'kwd,ESpfausmif;
om;pm&if;udk pkaqmif;r&&Sad o;bl;}
vdkYqdkygw,f/ 'Dpm&if;[m ]Supply
rSm usxGuf&aom pm&if; ryg
ao;bl;vd}Yk vnf;ajymygw,f/ olwYkd
rEav; aq;wuov
kd &f UJ oifMum;
rIyHkpHu ausmif;om; ausmif;ol
(300)udk tcef;xJwiG x
f nf
h q&m
(1)a,muf u oif M um;ygw,f /
q&mrsm;? tcef;rsm; vHkavmufpGm
&Sdaomfvnf; jyKjyifay;jcif; r&Sdyg/
wpfywf wpf&uf assignment yHkpH
small group ESifh wpfcsdefom oifyg
w,f/ ausmif;&Sd q&m q&mr wdik ;f
u txl;cRefq;kH aomolrsm;? pmoif
aumif;aomolrsm; jzpfMuayr,fh
ausmif;olausmif;om;(100)rSm (95)
a,mufavmufu usL&Sifrsm;? *dkuf
rsm;jyef,al eMu&ygw,f/ ausmif;&JU
Facility nHhzsif;rIaMumifhvdkY xifyg
w,f}vdkY qdkygw,f/
ausmif;om;rsm; pmar;yGJ usH;I
&jcif;taMumif;rsm;udk ]t"dutm;

jzifh ausmif;om;ausmif;oltrsm;pk[m pmar;yGJajzqdkcGifhr&vdkufbJ IF

ruswus owfrSwfcHae&w,f/ (Debar ausmif;ac:csdefrjynfh ajzcGifh
r&bJ tusowfrSwfcH&jcif; 2F (2)ESpfuscGifh ay;xm;aomfvnf; trsm;
tm;jzifh ajzcGifhr&vdkufbJ tusowfrSwfcH&vdkY ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;
rsm; qHk;HI;ae&jcif;?3F jzpfvQif ausmif;rS &moufyef xkwfy,fcH&rSmjzpf
ygw,f/ (Debar = Roll call rjynfhojzifh
Debar qGJonf)/ 'gayr,fh Roll call
aumuf & mrS m vnf ; wd u srS e f u ef p G m
aumufEidk jf cif;r&Syd gbl;/ Oyrmqd&k if Roll
Call aumufcgeD;rS 0ifvmNyD; Roll call
,lorl sm;&So
d vdk (3)csdeaf ygif; (4)csdeaf ygif;
Roll call aumuf&mrSm a&SUwpfcsdef ESpf
csdef wufolrsm; Roll call aumufcH&mrSm
Roll call r&&Sdawmhbl;/ Debar udk tjcm;
rormaomenf;rsm;eJY a&SmifEkdifolrsm; &Sd
w,f}vdaYk jymygw,f/ (wcsKdU ausmif;om;
rsm;twGuf Debar pm&if;jyefwGuf ay;
jcif;)? (2)vwpfcg ajzqdkaom test (4)ck
aygif;wGif owfrSwf trSwfr&&Sdxm;ygu
final wGif rnfodkYrS ratmifEkdifjcif; (vm
rajzeJY aocsmaygufusNyD;om;)/ 'gay
r,fh test rsm;rSmpkwfjywfaeaom ausmif;
om;wcsKdU[m final aumif;&ef[laom
owfrSwfcsufeJY atmifaeonfudk awGU&
ovdk test rsm; vGwfvGwfuRwfuRwf
atmifxm;aomfvnf; final wGirf aumif;
usonf q d k a om ausmif ; om;rsm;

vnf;&Sdygw,f/ aemufNyD; ausmif; pnf;urf;

rsm;udk wif;usyfpGm xkwfjyefxm;aomfvnf;
trSefwu,fusifhoHk;&mrSm wdusrSefuefpGm pDrH
Edkifjcif;r&Sdayr,fh ESdyfuGyf&mrSmawmh tjynfht0
ESdyfuGyfjcif;? vdkwdk;ydkavQmh vkyfay;cJh&wJh tcGifh
xl;cH vlwef;pm;wpf&yf ausmif;wGif ay:ayguf
aejcif;&Sdw,f}vdkYajymygw,f/
'Dvdkjzpfay:aewmudk ]aq;ynm&Sif avm
urS ynm&Sifrsm;omru tjcm;aom ynma&;
tzGJUtpnf;tm;vHk;rSm wm0ef&Sdw,fvdkY xifyg
w,f vdkYvnf;qdkygw,f/ (jynfhpHkaumif;rGefNyD;
ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm; pdwf0ifpm;aprnfh
oifMum;rIypkH ?H ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;&JU vdt
k yfcsufrsm;udk nEd iId ;f wdik f
yif az;rulnDjcif;? ormorwfusaom tkyfcsKyfyHkpepf ponf ponf
rsm;vdktyf)
armifaumif;quf&JU wpfOD;wnf;(ausmif;xkwfcH&jcif;ay: ay;csif
aom tBuHmPf)rsm;udk ar;Munfh&mrSmawmh]Ekid if aH wmfjyKjyifajymif;vJaecsderf mS ta&;ygvSaom vlpY rG ;f tift&if;
tjrpfrsm;&&Sdap&ef EkdifiHwuma&mufaeonfh jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm; ynm&Sif
rsm;udk jyefvnfzdwfac:aecsdefwGif ,ckuJhodkY aocsma&&mvSonfh vlY
pGrf;tift&if;tjrpfrsm;udk &mESifhcsD tGefYcsKd;aeouJhodkY&SdNyD; EkdifiH
awmf b@mudk jzKef;wD;&ma&mufw,fvaYkd jymygw,f/ olwrYkd mS owfrw
S f
xm;aom trSwf? medical test Psycho test eJY tjcm;aom ppfaq;
rIrsm;udk atmifjrifNyD; EkdifiHawmftwGuf us&mae&mrS wm0efxrf;aqmif
ygrnfvdkY r[kwfygu wnfqJOya't& ta&;,lcHygrnfqdkaom uwd
opmxdjyKxm;Muolrsm;jzpfygw,f/ if;wdkY\ vdkvm;csufrsm;udk pdwf
BudKuf a&G;,lNyD; aumif;rGefpGm ysKd;axmifEkdifjcif;r&Sdjcif;rSm ...vdkY tNyD;
owf ajzMum;oGm;ygw,f/ aemufNyD;
],ckvuf&Sd ygarmucsKyf pwiftkyfcsKyfonfh (2008)rS (2011)xd
ausmif;xkwyf ,fjcif;cH&aomOD;a&rSm wpfEpS v
f Qif ysrf;rQ (100) ausmf&ydS g
w,f}vdkY ajymMum;oGm;cJhygw,f/
armifzlvHk(ykodrfBuD;)

qEjyMuolrsm;

jrefrmjynfwGif; OIC Hk;cGJrsm;zGifhvSpfcGifhjyKrnfhta&;udk vufrcHEdkifaMumif; qEjyawmif;qdkrI

rsm;udk (2012)? atmufwdkbm(15)&ufaeY aeYv,fydkif;u NrdKUjytcsKdUwGifBudKvkyfcJhMuonf/ &[ef;
oH C mawmf r sm; OD ; aqmif u sif ; yjcif ; jzpf o nf / tp v rf E d k i f i H ( 57)Ek d i f i H r S p k p nf ; xm;onf h OIS
tpvrfEkdifiHrsm; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;tzGJU\ qufqHa&;Hk;udk zGifhcGifhrjyK&ef &[ef;oHCmawmf
rsm;OD;aqmif qEjycJhMujcif;jzpfonf/
xdkodkYqEjyMurnfhtaMumif;udkvnf; BudKwiftoday;xm;MuNyDjzpfonf/ qEjyrI\aemufquf
wGJtjzpf a&'D,dkESifh kyfjrifoHMum;wdkYwGif jynfolvlxkqEESifh rudkufnD ,ckuJhodkY zGifhcGifhrjyK&ef
qHk;jzwfjcif;jzpfonf[kqdkonf/
xkdodkY owif;xkwfjyefNyD;aemuf OIC tzGJUonf if;wdkYxH Hk;cef;zGifh &efudptwGuf y,fzsufaMumif;udk
w&m;0iftaMumif;Mum;jcif;r&SdaMumif; jyefvnfxkwfjyefcJhonf/ e,fpyfa&;&m0efBuD;XmeESifh OIC udk,fpm;

vQyf w pf j yuf o wif ; *sme,f o k d Y q uf o G , f a jymqk d v mMuonf r sm;rS

xkwfEIwf azmfjytyfygonf/
t,f'Dwm

t
[kwfuJh/ vQyfwpfjyufowif; *sme,fu ygcifAsm
[kad vAsm jrefrmjynfoed ;f wefeo
YJ rD;jzpfwhJ yk;d 'gvDoed ;f wefwYdk jrefrmjynfrmS ajzazsmfMur,fqw
dk hJ tpDtpOf
ysufoGm;NyDqkdwJhudpvm;Asm/ [kwfuJh uRefawmfwkdYvnf; ykd;'gvDodef;wefav;&JU Face Book pmrsufESmay:rSm
zwf&vkpYd w
d rf aumif;ygbl;Asm/ yk;d 'gvDoed ;f wefeo
YJ rYl cd ifjzpfol a':{y&,fcspfcif(c)Zmjcnfvif;wk[
Yd m wpfcsdeu
f
jrefrmaw;cspfy&dowfawG&JU tm;ay;rI&SdcJhwJhtqkdawmfawGygAsm [kwfuJh ckvkdrsKd;vlrIa&;jyemawGaMumifh
y&dowfa&SUarSmufrSm ajzazsmfcGifh
r&bl ; qk d & if Oyrmav;wpf c k
xm;NyD;wifjyyg&apAsm/ teD;pyf
qkH; Oyrmav;yg/ ukdukdifZmeJY
rarcvmwkdYukdyJ Oyrmxm;NyD;
ajymyg&apAsm/ olwkdYonf ckcsdef
rSm ukd,fpDukd,fpD tdrfaxmif
toD;oD; xlaxmifMuaomfjim;
vnf;yJ tEkynmeJYywfoufvm
&if y&dowfuydk OJ ;D pm;ay;NyD; vlrI
a&;udpa wGudk cGmcsxm;Edik Mf uwJh
olawGygAsm/ tvm;wl Oyrm
awG trsm;BuD ; wif j yp&m&S d y g
w,fAsm/ tJ'gaMumifh jrefrmjynf
odef;wefZmjcnfvif;? ykd;'gvD
odef;wefwkdYonf y&dowf
ukdyJ OD;pm;ay;pOf;pm;oifhw,fvkdYqkd&rSmayghAsm/ okdYaomfvnf;
um,uH & S i f a wG & J U oabmxm;u b,f v k d v J q k d w mawmh
wynfhawmfwkdYravQmufwwfygbl;Asm/ ykd;'gvDodef;wefeJY
Zmjcnfvif;wkYd om;trdcsnf;yJ jrefrmjynfjyefvmNyD;tjcm;
aom tEkynm&Sifrsm; 0ef;&HvkdY oDqkdajzazsmfMur,fqkd
vnf; y&dowfu BudKqkdMurSmygyJAsm [kwfuJh [kwfuJh/

[k w f u J h / vQyf w pf j yuf o wif ; *sme,f u ygcif A sm

tckb,futrdefY&SdygovJAsm/ aMomf *sifrD*sufBuD;
uvnf; jyefvmzkdYBudK;pm;aew,fqkdwmMum;ygw,fAsm/
oluvnf; olYrdcifBuD;touf 95 t&G,fouf&Sdxif&Sm;
&Sdaewkef; jyefvmrSmvdkYqkdwmygyJAsm/ [kwfuJh *sifrD*suf
BuD;taeeJYjrefrmjynfeJYuif;uGmaeaomfvnf; 'Drkdua&pD
ta&;rSmawmhjzifh wuf<upGmvIyf&Sm;aeoljzpfovkd EkdifiH

44

vS , f w d k Y t Mum; puf w if b mvtwG i f ; u &ef u k e f ?

ppfawGwdkYwGif Hk;cGJzGifhvSpf&efoabmwlNyD; em;vnfrI
pmcRefvmT vufrw
S af &;xk;d NyD;jzpfaMumif;xkwjf yefco
hJ nf/
tqdkygem;vnfrIpmcRefvTmwGif &cdkifjynfe,f&Sd
dk[if*sm rlqvifESifh Ak'bmom0if &cdkifwdkYtMum;
jzpfay:cJhonfh y#dyuESifh vlom;csif;qdkif&m ulnDrIrsm;
udk nEd iId ;f ajz&Si;f apmifMh unf&ef H;k cGzJ iG chf iG hf tqdyk gpmcRef
vTmwGif xnfhoGif;xm;onf[kvnf; OIC rSqdkonf/
onfhtwGuf aemufqufwGJ*,ufjzpfrnfodkYjzpfay:vmrnfenf;/ jynfolUtoHudk EkdifiHawmftpdk;&u
av;pm;avh&Sdonfuawmh aocsmacsonf/
awmforwBuD;ukdvnf; axmufcHaewJholjzpfav
awmhum b,fvkdykHpHeJYjyefvmrvJqkdwmawmh
wynfhawmfwkdYvnf; ravQmufwwfygbl;ayghAsm
[kwfuJh/ bmyJajymajym Zmwfaygif;cef;qkdwmu
awmh Happy ending qkd&if ykdvSvdrfhr,fvkdY ,lq
ygw,fAsm [kwfuJh [kwfuJh/

[k w f u J h / vQyf w pf j yuf o wif ; *sme,f u

ygcif A sm
aMomf qifqmrJh EkdifiHjcm;kyf&SiftacGawGukd
1996 ckESpftufOya't&qkdvm;? zrf;qD;aew,f
qkdwJhudprsm;Asm/ [kwfuJh b,fae&mawGrSmb,f
vkd zrf;qD;aevJawmhrodbl;ayghAsm/ vrf;ab;rSm
a&m emrnfBuD;qkdifBuD;awGu yef;yef vsufygAsm/
qifqmrJhEkdifiHjcm;kyf&SifawGxJrSm uav;oli,f
awGBudKufwhJ Tom & Jerry rsKd;u tqdyt
f awmuf
&Sdvm;vkdYawmh ar;p&m&SdwmayghAsm/ EkdifiHjcm; wkdif;
jynfawGrmS qifqmrJEh idk if jH cm;ky&f iS af wGudk b,fvdk
ykHpHeJY a&mif;csaeMuw,fqkdwmvnf; avhvmapcsifygw,fAsm/ Oyrmav;ajym&&r,fqkd&if xkdif;EkdifiHrSm
xkdif;EkdifiHu kyf&SifawGukd pdwfeJYawmifrjypfrSm;Muygbl;Asm/ [kdwkef;u qifqmrJhEkdifiHjcm;kyf&SifawGukd zrf;vkdY
ck;d csp&mawmifr&Sad wmhb;l vkYd toHaumif; [pfcw
hJ hJ q&morm;awGvnf; ESmap;aeMuovm; rajymwwfb;l Asm/
qifqmrJhEkdifiHjcm;kyf&SifawGukd zrf;r,fqkdvnf; wpfajy;nDrzrf;bl;qkdvnf; wpfajy;nDjzpfoifhygw,fAsm
[kwfuJh/ [kdae&mwpfrsKd;onfae&mwpfrsKd; Oya'&,fvkdYawmh r&Sdoifhbl;vkdY ,lqygw,fAsm [kwfuJh [kwfuJh/

[kwfuJh/

vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fuygcifAsm
Face Book pmrsufESmawGay:rSm owiftrSm;awG0ifNyD;
yGJqlatmifrrSefruef vkyfaqmifolawGeJYywfoufvkdY
vm;Asm/ 'guawmh ukd,fhusifh0wfeJYukd,f&Sdoifhwmaygh
Asm/ Face Book qkdwmukd owif;trSm;awGeJY yGJql
atmifvkyfaeMuolawGrSm &nf&G,fcsufwpfckckawmh
&SdrSmayghcifAsm/ [kwfuJh Face book pmrsufESmawGukd
apmifhMunfhxdef;csKyfrI&Sdr&Sdqkdwmuvnf; pOf;pm;p&m
ayghAsm/
tuG y f r J h M urf ; y&rf ; ywmqk d & if a wmh v nf ;
r[kwfao;bl;ayghAsm/ [kwfuJh/ uRefawmfwkdYtaeeJY
Face Book uG e f , uf u k d aumif ; rG e f p G m tok H ; csjcif ; jzif h
avmuBuD;ukd tvSqifEkdifMu&ifawmhvnf;taumif;qkH;ayghAsm/
[kwfuJh [kwfuJh Face Book pmrsufESmukd ravsmfwJhenf;eJY
toH k ; jyKr,f q k d & if v nf ; b,f v k d j zpf o if h w ,f q k d w m0k d i f ; 0ef ;
tajz&SmMu&rSmayghAsm [kwfuJh [kwfuJh/

tnw& ol&Jaumif;rsm;ESifU aqmif;OD;vIdif\ukokdvf

tEkynmavmuwGif olUenf;olU[efESifholvIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;&SdaeMuolawG&SdaeMuonf/ wcsKdUu EkdifiHa&;?
wcsKdUu vlrIa&;/
onfae&mwGif wcsKdUu xyfrH okyfcGJjy&vQif ay:yifEkdifiHa&;? wcsKdUu ay:yifvlrIa&;/
'Drkdua&pDqkdif;bkwfatmufwGif ay:yifEkdifiHa&;vkyfolrsm;? ay:yifvlrla&;vkyfolrsm;um; ykd toHus,f
avmifonf[kqkd&rnf/ ay:yifEkdifiHa&;? vlrIa&;rvkyfolrsm;um; okdokdodyfodyfvQKdUvQKdU0Suf0Suf/
'Dru
dk a&pDwu
dk yf t
JG wGuf tepfemcH? pGev
Yf w
T af y;qyfcMhJ uolrsm;xJwiG f vlrod olrod tnMw ol&aJ umif;
rsm;pGm&SdcJhonf/ olwkdYonf ay:yifEkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;r[kwfMu/ olwkdYonf xifay:ausmfMum;olrsm;r[kwfMu?

&nf&G,f aqmif;OD;vIdifrS ukokdvfvkyfonfhtaejzifh tnMw ol&Jaumif;[laom oDcsif;wpfacGpDpOfaomtcg

tqkdyg tnMwol&Jaumif;oDcsif;acGukd ema&;ulnDrItoif;Ou|rS ausmfolrS'gkdufwmvkyf ukokdvfvkyfrnf
qkdaomtcg (tnMwol&Jaumif;rsm;okdY OD;nTwfvsuf)

olwkdYonf qkwHqdyf? bGJUxl;*kPfxl; taqmifta,mif&&Sdolrsm;r[kwfMu/ olwkdYonf yef;ukH; tpGyfcHrsm;

r[kwfMu/ olwkdYonf rD'D,mrsm;\ om;aumifrsm;r[kwfMu/
okdYaomf olwkdYonf ol&Jaumif;rsm;jzpfonf/ olwkdYonf tnMw ol&Jaumif;rsm; jzpfonf/ olwkdYtwGuf

tkdprmbifvm'ifESifhywfouf urmh
ZmwfcaHk y:wGif ed*;Hk csKyfomG ;cJNh yD[q
k Edk idk af umif;
aomfvnf; bifvm'ifwu,fao&JUvm;[laom ar;cGef;rsm;u ysHUvGifh
aeqJjzpfonf/ bifvm'ifygupwefwGif&SdaepOfu rdrdwkdYonfvnf;
ygupwefokdYa&muf&Sdaecsdefjzpfonf/ okdYaomf bifvm'ifygupwefwGif
&Sdaeonfqkdaomt&dyfta&mifrsm; rdrdwkdY rod&SdcJh&acs/ ygupwefonf
tMurf;zufrIrsm;ESifhywfoufpyfqufrIr&Sd[laom om"u oufaorsm;
ukdom em;axmifcJh&onfh umvjzpfonf/
ygupwefu rdrdwkdYjrefrmowif;orm;rsm;udk zdwfMum;um xkdpOfu
tar&duefwYdk pGypf aJG eonfh tMurf;zuform;rsm;ESiyhf wfoufrrI &Sad Mumif;
oufaoxlcJhMuonfhumvjzpfonf/ ygupwefonf vkHNcHKa&;wif;Muyf
xm;aom umvtapmifhta&Smufrsm;ESifhyif rdrdwkdYrSm c&D;oGm;&aom
tcsdef ygupwefa'ocHowif;pmq&mrsm;uvyfokdY oGm;&mrSmyif vkHNcHK
a&;rsm;csxm;csdef qEjyrIrsm;xlajymaeonfhumv/ rdrdwkdYjyefNyD;&ufykdif;
rSmyif AkH;cGJrIrsm;jzpfay:cJhonfhtcsdef/ xkdtcsdef xkdumvwGif bifvm'if
onf ygupwefEidk if w
H iG f ckad tmif;aecJo
h nfqjdk cif;u wkev
f yI af jcmufjcm;
zG,fjzpfonf/
rsm;rMumrD ygupwefa&mufbifvm'ifukd tar&duefajc&mcHum
ypfcwfzrf;qD;cJhonfh/ ppfqifa&;ukd wpfurmvkH;u MunfhIvkduf&aom
tcg wtHhwMojzpfMu&onf/ onfae&mwGif bifvm'ifukd trSef
wu,f taoypfcwfzrf;qD;cJhoavm/ bifvm'if kyftavmif;ESifh

ywfouf tjiif;yGm;zG,rf sm; u&Sad eqJ bifvm'if

kyf tavmif;tm; yifv,fxJ jrKyfESHcJhonfqkdjcif;tay:wGifvnf;
*,ufrsm;kdufcwfaeqJ/
onfumvwGif bifvm'ifonf tar&duefwkdYvufxJ &Sifoef
aeqJjzpf&rnf[laom a0zefrIrsm;u&SdaeqJ/ tqkdyg *,ufrsm;tMum;rS
tqkdygppfqifa&;wGifyg0ifcJh olwpfOD;u pmtkyftjzpfa&;om;cJh&m vIyf
vIyf&Sm;&Sm;jzpfoGm;cJhonf/ tar&dueftpkd;&rStqkdyg pma&;oltm;
w&m;pGJqkd&efjyifqifaeonftxdatmifjzpfcJhonf/ tqkdyg pmtkyfonf
vnf; aeYcsif;ncsif;emrnfausmfoGm;onf/ xkdokdYemrnfausmfaeonfh
pmtkyfukd Myanmar Book Center rS q&mOD;[def;vwfukd bmomjyef
qkdap xkwfa0Ekdifjcif;rSm jrefrmpmtkyfxkwfa0a&;avmutwGuf
owif;xl;jzpfonf/ ,cifu urmausmfpmtkyfaumif;wpftkyf jrefrm
jynfxJa&mufvmzkdYqkdonfrSm vG,fulaomudp r[kwf/ xkdenf;wlpGm
rl&if;pmtkyfrS bmomjyefqkdxkwfa0&efqkdonfrSmvnf; tcsdef umv
trsm; BuD;jzwfoef;Mu&onf/ ckacwfajymif; pepfajymif;aomtcg
onfvkd urmausmfpmtkyfrsm;ukd &ufykdif;vykdif;wGif bmomjyefpmtkyf
tjzpf Myanmar Book Center rS BudK;yrf;Ekdifjcif;onf xl;jcm;rI
wpfckjzpfacsonf/
rdwaf qG oifonf bifvm'if aoovm;qko
d nfh ar;cGe;f \tajzukd
tqkdyg pmtkyftm;zwfINyD;ygu oifukd,fwkdiftajz&SmEkdifzG,f jzpfay
vdrfhrnf/
aerk ef ;

pma&;ol\ rSwfcsuf
uRefawmftvmpumjynfe,f? tv,fwef;ausmif;wufpOfu pmtkyfwpftkyfukd tpD&ifcHpma&;ckdif;\
uRefawmfwBYdk udKufonfh pmtkyu
f adk &G;&\/ uRefawmfu pmtkypf if&dS pmtkyrf sm;pGmxJrS ]tpdr;f a&mifrsufEmS ESihf
vlrsm;} pmtkyfukda&G;cJh\/ SEAL wyfzGJU0ifa[mif; ]*sif;0ifhZf}\pmtkyfjzpf\/ AD,uferfEkdifiH? rJacgifjrpf0
uRef;ay: ppfqifa&;taMumif; a&;xm;aom 0wKpmtkyfjzpf\/ NcHKckdwkdufyGJrsm;? &ifqkdifwkdufyGJrsm;pGmyg\/
ajrmufAD,uferfAkdvfrSL;BuD;wpfOD;ukd vkdufvH&SmazGaomZmwfvrf;jzpf\/
pmrsufESmwpfukd zwfNyD;uwnf;u uRefawmf SEAL jzpfcsifvm\/ ykdzwfav ykdjzpfcsifvmav/
ydpdzdwfork'&ma&jyifay:wGif avhusifha&;qif;pOfu uRefawmfhvkdvlawGtrsm; BuD;xyfawGU&\/
IH;edrfhrIukdaMumufol? bmrqkdtaumif;qkH;vkyfcsifolawG/ olwkdYESifhtwl aeYpOfvIyf&Sm;Mu&aom tcGifh
ta&;ukd&cJh\/ olwkdYESifhtwl tvkyfvkyf&if; ykdNyD;aumif;aom vlwpfa,mufjzpfvmcJh\/
wkdufckdufa&;wyfzGJU 13 zGJU a&TUajymif;wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhNyD; uRefawmfh\ wkdufckdufa&;tvkyf tqkH;
owfvkduf\/ pmtkyfonf wkdufckdufa&;tvkyfZmwfodrf;cef;jzpf\/ wyfxJwGif&SdaepOf Murf;wrf;
yifyef;vSaom SEAL avhusifhcef;awG? qifETJcJh&aom wkdufyGJawGtaMumif; uRefawmfajymcsifvm\/
uRefawmfwu
Ydk ]plyg[D;k;d }awGum; r[kwMf u/ uk,
d pf rG ;f aqmifEidk w
f mxufyBdk uD; rm;aom wm0efrsm;ukd
vkyfukdifMuolrsm;omjzpfMuonf/ uRefawmfwkdYukdcsKyfaESmifxm;onfrSm nDaemifpdwf"mwfyifjzpf\/
xkdpdwf"mwfjzifh tE&m,fvrf;rsm;pGmukd twljzwfoef;avQmufvSrf;cJhMu\/
pmtkyfonf xl;jcm;aom yk*dKvfrsm;ESifh SEAL wyfzGJUwGif 1998 rS 2012 txd twlwlwm0efxrf;
aqmifcJhMuykHukd a&;om;aompmtkyfjzpf\/ uRefawmftygt0if emrnf&if;tm;vkH;ukd ajymif;xm;onf/
vkHNcHKa&;twGufjzpfonf/ tMurf;zuform;rsm;ESifh olykefrsm;ukd wkdufckdufppfqif&mwGif okH;pGJonfh
r[mAsL[mrsm;ukdvnf; csefvSyfxm;ygonf/ vQKdU0Sufcsufrsm;ukdom odvkdonfqkdygvQif pmtkyfonf
oifhtwGuf r[kwfawmhyg/
uRefawmf\pmtkyfxkwfa0ol\ tultnDjzifh txl;ppfqifa&;qkdif&m Oya'ynm&SifwpfOD;ukd iSm;&rf;
um pmrlrsm;ukdjyocJhonf/ tar&duefOya'ESifhNidpGef;onfh t&mrsm; &Sd? r&Sdppfaq;aponf/
tqifhjrifhwyfrawmfacgif;aqmifrsm;\ trnfrsm;ukdum; t&if;twkdif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ olwkdYESifhywf

66

pma&;olrsm;taMumif;
]rwftkd0if}onf SEAL trSwf(6)wyfzGJU0ifa[mif;wpfOD;
jzpf\/ olonf a&wyf SEAL wyfzGJU0ifwpfOD;taejzifh urm
wpf0ef;wGif ppfqifa&;aygif;&mESifhcsD qifETJcJh\/ xkdtxJwGif
2009ckESpf tdEd,ork'&m uufywdef&pfcsufzD;vpfukd u,fwif
onfh ppfqifa&;tygt0ifjzpf\/ 2011ckESpf arv 1 &ufaeY
ygupwefEidk if ?H tufabmhwmbwfNrdKUwGijf yKvkyaf om ]eufyuRef;
vSHwHppfqifa&;}wGif yg0ifcJhum tkdprmbifvm'ifukd taozrf;
rdcJhonfhtzGJUwGifvnf; yg0ifcJholjzpf\/
ol o nf tMurf ; zuf acgif ; aqmif y k e f ; atmif ; aeaom
taqmufttkH\ wwd,xyfokdYyxrqkH;a&mufcJhol rsm;xJwGif
wpfOD;jzpf\/
bif v m'if a oqk H ; aMumif ; rsuf j rif a wG U cJ h o l v nf ;
jzpfonf/ pmtkyfwGif rwftkd0if\ trnf&if;omru tjcm;
aom tzGJU0ifwkdY\trnf&if;rsm;ukdyg vkHNcHKa&;t&ajymif;vJ
xm;ygonf/
]uDAifarmf&m} onf txl;wyfzUJG rsm;wGif 9ESpMf um wm0efxrf;
aqmifcJhzl;oljzpf \/ tmz*efepwefwGif txl;wyfzGJUESifh 6Budrf?
ta&SUtmz&duwGif 2006ckESpf wpfv? tar&duefwyfrsm;
ESifhtwl tD&wfESifh a[wDwkdYwGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh\/ txl;
ppfqifa&;rsm;taMumif;tygt0if pmtkyfav;tkyfa&;cJhzl;onf/

ouf ppfqifa&;qkdif&m ]vkHNcHKa&;udprsm;} r&Sdjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwkdY tokH;jyKcJhaom enf;ynmqkdif&m

ypnf;rsm;taMumif;ukdvnf; tar&duefEkdifiH vkHNcHKa&;twGufxdefcsefxm;ygonf/ tcsKdUaom vQKdU0Suf
ppfqifa&;rsm;ukdvnf; aeY&uf? tcsdefwkdYukd vTJajymif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ trsm;jynfolzwfIEkdifaom
taMumif; t&mrsm;&SdvQifum; ukd;um;okH;pGJaom pmtkyfpm&if;ukd pmtkyftqkH;wGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/
pmtkyfonf uRefawmfrSwfrdorQukd tajccHa&;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ pum;ajymcef;tcsKdUum;
twdtusr[kwfaomfvnf; obmutwlwlyifjzpfygonf/ rwdusrrSefuefrIrsm;&SdvQif uRefawmfh
wm0efomjzpfygonf/ pmtkyfonf uRefawmfhtjrifomjzpfNyD; tar&duefa&wyf? tar&duef umuG,f
a&;XmeokdYr[kwf tjcm;olwpfOD;OD;\ tmabmfrsm;r[kwfyg/
pmtkyw
f iG f SEAL tzGUJ \ yk&H yd rf sm;ukd k;d om;pGmwifjyxm;ygonf/ nD&if;tpfuydk rm pdw"f mwf&adS om
uRefawmfwkdY&Jabmf&Jbufrsm;taMumif;ukd odapcsifvnf;jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfhukd,fuRefawmf ol&J
aumif;vkyfNyD; Zef;wifa&;xm;aom pmtkyfvnf;r[kwfyg/ uRefawmfonf omrefrQomjzpfygonf/
wm0efxrf;aqmifolrsm;xJwGif ykdomolvnf;r[kwf? ykdnHholvnf;r[kwfyg/
tar&duefwyfrawmforkdif;wGif ta&;tBuD;qkH; ppfqifa&;rsm;xJwGif wpfcktygt0ifjzpfaom
rSwfwrf;wpfckukd BudK;pm;wifjyxm;ygonf/ ]bifvm'if}ukd pD;eif;wkdufckduf&mwGif tb,faMumifh
atmifjrifcJhovJ/ b,fvkdatmifjrifcJhovJukd jyoaompmtkyfjzpfygonf/ ppfqifa&;onf toif;tzGJU
wpfckvkH;\ BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIjzpfygonf/ tkdprmbifvm'if&Sdonfhae&mukd axmufvSrf;a&;owif;
&SmazGpdppfolrsm;rStp bufabmhwmbwfNrdKUokdYvkdufykdYay;ol &[wf,mOfrSL;rsm;tv,f? NcH0if;\pD;eif;
wkdufckdufolrsm;tqkH; tm;vkH;\ pkaygif;aqmif&GufrIomjzpf\/ rnfolurS rnfolY xufykdomol[lr&Sdyg/
pmtkyfonf uRefawmfwyfxJ r0ifrDuwnf;u nDaemif&if;csmpdwf"mwf&SdMuolrsm;? uRefawmfr&Sd
awmhonfh aemufykdif;vnf; nDaemif&if;csmpdwf"mwf&SdMuolrsm;\ taMumif;omjzpfygonf/
wpfaeYusvQif tv,fwef;ausmif;rS ausmif;om;i,fwpfOD;u pmtkyfukdzwf NyD; SEAL jzpfcsif
vmonfqkdygvQifokdYr[kwf b0wGif &nfrSef;csufBuD;BuD;xm;vmol jzpfcsifvmygvQif pmtkyf
atmifjrifNyD[k uRefawmfarQmfvifhxm;ygonf/
rwftkd0if? 22-6-2012
Am*sD ; eD ; ,m;jynf e ,f Am*sD ; eD ; ,m;urf ; ajc

KTV tESy
d cf ef;rsm;pGmwdYk tqifajyaeMuonfrmS wpfausmif; wpf*g
xm wpf&Gmwyk'fqef;[kqdk&ayvdrfhrnf/ KTV ESifh tESdyfcef;vdkifpifrsm;
pGmwdkYonf NrdKUjyrSonf aus;vufrsm;qDtxd pD;qif;aeonfrSm Oya'
ESifhnDGwfrI &Sdr&Sdqdkjcif;udk Oya'ynm&Sifrsm;omodrnfxifygonf/
tcsKdU aom e,fNrdKUBuD;rsm;wGif KTV qdkifrsm;onf bmvkyfief;
vdik pf ifrrS &S?d tmPmydik rf sm;ESihf tay;t,lvyk u
f m ajymifajymifwif;wif;
t&yf u d k r S tm;remrif ; rJ h p d k u f q ef p G m a&mif ; 0,f a zmuf u m;&rf ;
um;aerIrsm; awGU &Sdae&onf/ wcsKdUaome,fNrdKUrsm;rS vkdifpifrJhKTV
qdik rf sm;onf zGihf vSp&f rf;um;Ekid af tmif tpGr;f xufaeMuonfrmS vnf;
acwftqufqufyif jzpfonf/ b,folawGudk b,fvdkvmbfxdk;
Oya'udk ajymifajymif wif;wif;csKd;azmufaeMuonfqdkjcif;rsm;tm;
ouf q d k i f & mod k Y taxmuf txm;ES i f h wif j ywd k i f M um;ygvsuf
jypfrsKd;rSnfhrxif &SifoefaeMuonf rSmvnf; xl;qef;tHhMozG,fjzpfonf/
e,f N rd K Ursm;rS KTV qd k i f r sm;onf tES d y f c ef ; rsm;ES i f h t Nyd K if
tem;,lEidk af tmiftxl;0efaqmifraI y;xm;Muonf rSmvnf; urmt
h zhH ,
G f
jzpfonf/ tqdkyge,fNrdKUrsm;rS KTV qdkifrsm;onf
ouf q d k i f & m tmPmyd k i f t zG J U tpnf ; rsm;rS
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;udk
KTV
qdkifodkY
yif h a c:,l z d w f M um;um txl ; tpD t pOf j zif h
txl ; (txl ; ) {nf h c H w wf M u onf r sm;ud k
Nrd K UcH r sm;u rsuf 0 g;xif x if a wG U jrif a e&
onfrSmvnf; rxl;qef;aom jzpf&yfrsm;jzpfayonf/
AD ' D , k d j yoa&;(um&mtk d a u)vk y f i ef ; vk d i f p if t wG u f
owfrw
S o
f ifah ompnf;urf;csurf sm;(rlMurf;)ukad vhvm&mwGif
1/ vkyfief;okH;pufrsm;onf w&m;0ifusoifhaom
taumufcGef
aiGay;aqmifNyD;jzpfaMumif;
taxmuftxm;wifjy&rnf/
2/ vk y f i ef ; ok H ; puf r sm;w&m;0if 0 ,f , l y k d i f q k d i f N yD ;
tI y f t &S i f ; r&S d aMumif ; ? ck d i f v k H a omajypm(ok d Y r [k w f )
pmcsKyfwifjy&ygrnf/
3/
vkyfief;okH;pufrsm;twGuf
a v Q m u f x m ; o l t r n f a y g u f q u f
oG,fa&;vkyfief;(pmwkduf)vkdifpifrl&if;wifjy&ygrnf/
4/
jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme?
AD'D,kdvkyfief;pdppfBuD;Muyfa&;A[kd aumfrwDwkdif;?
AD ' D , k d v k y f i ef ; pd p pf B uD ; Muyf a &;aumf r wD E S i f h
a ' o q k d i f & m
tmPmyk d i f t zG J U tpnf ; rsm;rS t cgtm;avsmf p G m
xkwfjyefxm;aomtrdefY
nTef
Mum;csufrsm;ukd
vkdufemaqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; 0efcHuwdjyKEkdif oljzpf&ygrnf/
5/ ,pfrsKd;vkdifpifrJhrl;,pfapwwfonfh tazsmf,rumrsm;a&mif;cs
jcif;? aomufokH;jcif;wkdYukd um&mtkdauoDqkdcef;rsm;wGifcGifhrjyK (vkdifpif
jzifhrl;,pfapwwfonfhtazsmf,ruma&mif;csjcif;? aomufokH;jcif;wkdY
tm; oufqkdif&ma'otmPmykdiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ vrf;nTefrIrsm;ukd
vkdufemaqmif&GufEkdifoljzpf&rnf)
6/ um&mtkdauoDqkdcef;wGif rl;,pfxkHxkdif;ab;jzpfapwwfonfh
aq;0g;rsm;a&mif;csjcif;? okH;pGJjcif;rjyKvkyf&yg/
7/ um&mtkdauoDcsif;oDqkdrIvkyfief;twGuftcef;onf toHvkHNcHK
rI&SdNyD; tcef;zGifhvkyfukdifavQmufxm;jcif;rjyK&eftcef;ukd rSefumjyKvkyf
NyD; tcef;twGif;okdYjrifEkdifaom rSeftrsKd;tpm;wyfqiftokH;jyK&ygrnf/
cef;pD;vku
d u
f mrsm;wyfqifo;Hk pGjJ cif;rjyK&yg/ e,fNrdKUe,frsm;ESihf aus;vuf
a'orsm;wGif tcef;oD;oefYzGJUpnf;rIr&Sdaomfvnf; ab;ywf0ef;usif
taESmifht,Sufrjzpfygu avQmufxm;vkyfukdifcGifhjyK&ef/
8/ um&mtkdauoDcsif;oDqkdcef;twGu pm;yGJxkd;? tuloDqkd azsmf
ajz&eftrsKd;orD;xm;&Sdjcif;rjyKvkyf&yg/
9/ um&mtkdauoDqkdcef;ukd taMumif;jyK trsKd;orD;i,frsm;\
pdwf"mwfESifhtusifhpm7dwysufjym;aprnfh vkyfief;zefwD;aqmif&Gufjcif;
rjyKvkyf&yg/
10/ um&mtkdauoDcsif;oDqkdrIvkyfief;onf AD'D,kdjyoa&;kH;
vkyfief;rsm;uJhokdYyif n(11)em&Dtxdom vkyfukdifaqmif&Guf&rnfjzpf
aMumif; uwd0efcHcsufjyKEkdifoljzpf&rnf/
11/ vkyfief;vkyfukdifaqmif&Guf&rnfhae&monf vkHNcHKa&;Iaxmifh?
pDrHcefYcGJa&;Iaxmifhrsm;t& cGifhjyKEkdifonfh ae&ma'ojzpf&ygrnf/
12/ oufqkdif&m jynfe,fESifh wkdif;a'otmPmykdifrsm;\ e,fajr
t a j c t a e t x m ; t &
oabmxm;rSwfcsuft"du&,lNyD;rSomvkyfukdifcGifh jyK&rnf/
13/ k y f j rif o H M um;tpD t pOf t oD ; oD ; rS xk w f v T i f h a eaom
aw;oDcsif;rsm;ukd wku
d f u
dk u
f ;l ,l um&mtkad uwdyaf cGtjzpf xkwv
f yk f
tok;H jyKjcif;? um&mtkad uvkyif ef;rsm;wGif ok;H jcif;cGirhf jyK (jrefrmhtoHEiS hf
kyfjrifoHMum;rStBuHjyKcsuf)
14/ jynfwiG ;f vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;rS w&m;0ifu
dk u
f ;l xkwv
f yk Nf yD;jzpfaom
jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tkH;ESifhpmaypdppfa&;wkdYrSaxmufcHcsufjzifh AD'D,kd
qifqmtzGJUrS qifqmMunfhINyD; qifqmcGifhjyKcsuf&&SdNyD;onfh um&mtkd
autacGcsyfrsm;ukdom tokH;jyK&rnf/ (*Dwtpnf;tkH;tBuHKjyKcsuf)
15/ um&mtkdauvkyfief;tm;oD;oefYae&mu vmvkyfukdif&efESifh
AD'D,kdjyoa&;kHESifhwGJzufvkyfukdifjcif;ukdcGifhrjyK&ef/ (kyf&Siftpnf;tkH;
tBuHjyKcsuf)

16/ um&mtkdauoDcsif;oDqkdrIvkyfief;rsm;wpfckESifhwpfck eD;uyfpGm

r&Sad pa&;twGuf oufqidk &f mNrdKUe,ftmPmykid t
f zGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ NrdKUe,f
AD'D,kdvkyfief;pdppfBuD;Muyfa&;tzGJU? jrefrmEkdifiHkyf&Siftpnf;tkH;NrdKUe,f
AD'D,kdtajccHtzGJUcGJwkdY\ pDrHaqmif&Gufonfhtwkdif;vkdufemaqmif&Guf
Ekdifoljzpf&rnf/ (kyf&Siftpnf;tkH;tBuHjyKcsuf)
17/ um&mtkdauoDcsif;oDqkdrIvkyfief;vkdifpifaqmif&Guf&mwGif
AD'D,kdjyoa&;vkyfief;aqmif&GufouJhokdYyifvkdtyfonfhtqifhqifh pdppf
rIaxmufcHcsuf&,lrIjyKvkyfaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/ (kyf&Siftpnf;tkH;tBuH
jyKcsuf)
18/ vkyfief;vkyfukdifolonf ygwDEkdifiHa&;ESifhuif;&Sif;olrsm;jzpf
&ygrnf/
19/ um&mtkdauvkyfief;vkyfukdifaeaom tcef;onf tvif;
a&mifaumif;pGm&&SdNyD; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;onf;onf;uGJuGJjrifEkdif&rnf [l
xm;aMumif;avhvmawGU&Sd&onf/
KTV qkdifrsm;ESifhywfouf Face Book pmrsufESmwcsKdUwGif azmfjy
xm;onfrSmvnf; pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;vSonf/ ]'DaeY nae(4)em&Dd
tcsd e f r S m wmarG N rd K Ue,f taxG a xG t k y f c sKyf a &;rS L ;k H ; uk d
wmarGNrdKUe,frmS &Sw
d hJ KTV qkid af wGjzpfwhJ Relax (wmarGNrdKUe,f
tvkyform;aq;kHteD;)?
rkd;Zvyf0gausmf
(OD;cspfarmiftdrf&m)? Night Star
(yifa&Tanmifvrf;)?
qmzm&D ( pl y g0rf ; teD ; )wk d Y r S
ref a e*smrsm;a&muf v mcJ h N yD ;
NrdKUe,fr,u OD;pD;rSL;ukd

vkdifpifESifhzGifhw&m;0ifzGifhvSpfxm;aom KTV qkdifwpfckukd rvkdol

wpfOD;\wkdifMum;csuft& ckdiftqifhtmPmykdifBuD;tm; &if;ESD;olwpfOD;
rS wpfqifhqufoGuf tqkdygyk*dKvf kH;xkdif&m aejynfawmfokdY usyfaiG
(15)ode;f bPfrv
S aJG y;vku
d rf o
S m tqifajyoGm;cJ&h onfqadk om owif;
jzpfonf/
xkdodkYaom KTV qdkifrsm;? tESdyfcef;rsm;zGifhvSpfaerIESifhywfouf
oufqkdif&mtmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS vmbfpm;um ESmap;aerItay:
rJqE&Sifrsm;udk,fpm;vS,f vTwfawmftrwfrif;rsm;uvnf; rodusKd;
uRefjyKaeavavsmhovm;[k pOf;pm;zG,fjzpfonf/ rJqE&Sifrsm;\ rJ
wpfjym;ESifh vTwfawmftrwfrif;jzpfvmolrsm;taeESifh rdrdwdkYudk rJay;
cJhaom rJqEe,fajrrsm;odkY a':atmifqef;pkMunfenf;wl b,fESBudrf
jyefvnfoGm;a&mufavhvmcJhMuzl;NyDvJqdkjcif;udk ppfaMum&efvnf; vdk
tyfvSonf/
a':atmifqef;pkMunfonf ol\ rJqE&Sifrsm;&Sd&m aumhrSL;odkY
tBudrfBudrfoGm;a&muf avhvmaerIrsm;? jznfhqnf;ay;aerIrsm;um;
av;pm;zG,fjzpfonf/
pifppf vTwfawmftrwfrif;rsm;taeESifh rdrdrJqEe,fajrrsm;wGif
w&m;pD&ifa&;r@dKif,drf;,dkifrI&Sdr&Sd oufqdkif&mtmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;
tqifhqifh vmbfpm;rI&Sdr&Sd a'ocHrJqE&Sifrsm;&ifqdkifae&aom vlrI
'kua0'emrsm;udk oGm;a&mufavhvmMu&efvnf; txl;vdktyfvSonf/
tcsKdUaom e,fNrdKUrsm;? KTV qdkifrsm;? tESdyfcef;rsm;onf EkdifiHa&;
ygwDtcsKdUudk axmufyHhjcif;? ulnDjcif;jzifh ta&NcHKaerIrsm;tay:vnf;
EkdifiHa&;ygwDtcsKdUu ESmap;aejcif;rSmvnf; xl;qef;aomudpjzpfonf/
pifppf KTV qdkifrsm;? tESdyfcef;rsm;\aemufuG,fwGif BuD;rm;aom
vlukeful;rIrsm;&Sdaeonfqdkjcif;rSm tE&m,fBuD;rm;aom trsKd;om;a&;
udpjzpfay&m cdk;ul;rsm;udk ESdrfeif;&ef? ESdyfuGyf&ef vufaES;cJhojzifh
ajz&Sif;r&awmhaom BuD;xGm;vmonfh cdk;ul;jyemuJhodkY w&m;r0if
KTV ? tESdyfcef;rsm;udk rESdrfeif;Ekdifygu pdefac:aeaom vlukeful;rI
tE&m,fu qD;BudKaernfjzpf&m pm&dwjcpm;aponfh w&m;r0if
KTV? tESdyfcef;rsm;udk pDrHcsufESifh ESdrfeif;ESdyfuGyfum xda&mufaom
jypf ' Pf rsm;csrS w f t jypf a y;&ef vd k t yf a eNyD j zpf a Mumif ;
rD;armif;xdk;wif jyvkduf&ayonf/

wmarGNerU ,frSm&SdwJh
dK
tzGJUtpnf;awGukd
ulnDaxmufyHha&; tzGJU zGJUpnf;rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymqkdcJh&m
Nrd K Ue,f a xG t k y f r S ck d i f v k H a om taMumif ; jycsuf & S d r S o mtqk d y guk d
rdrdwkdYtaeESifh vkyfaqmifay;&rSmjzpf aMumif;ajymMum;cJh&m KTV
refae*smrsm;rS jyefvnfajymqkd&mwGif rdrd wkdYonf ykdif&Sifr[kwfbJ
refae*smrsm;omjzpfaMumif;
refae*smqkdonfrSm
rd r d w k d Y q k d i f w G i f ; jzpf y suf c J h a omt&mrsm;uk d ajz&S i f ; ay;cJ h & ygaMumif ;
oufqkdif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;xHokdY ay;&aom vkdif;aMu;rsm;ukdvnf;
wm0efcHNyD; ay;&ygaMumif;? xkdokdYay;&mwGif wmarGNrdKUe,f &JwyfzGJU
pcef;wGif NrdKUe,frSL;rStp atmufajcvufatmufrsm;txd (2)odef;?
wkdif;^cdkifponfrSm&SdwJh &JwyfzGJUukday;&wm (3)odef;? NrdKUe,ftwGif;rSm
&SdwJh tzGJUtpnf;awG (NrdKUe,fr,u? ppp? pDtkdif'D? owif;wyfzGJU?
&Ja'o? xv&Ekdif? {nfhpm&if;ay;zkdYtwGuf &,uponfrsm;tygt0if
(5)odef;? pkpkaygif;(10)odef;cefY vpOfay;&ygaMumif;? NyD;&ifolwkdY&JUvlBuD;
awGukd &moDtvkdufaxmufyHhaMu;ay;&wmrsKd;? ywf0ef;usifuraus
eyf&if 199 ukdwkdifpmwuf&if oufqkdif&mXmeukd EIwfydwfaMu;ay;&
wmrsKd;? wyfzGJU0ifrsm;\ ukd,fa&;ukd,fwmrsm; (rdef;rrD;zGm;rIrsm;? uav;
uifyGef;wufvkyfrIrsm;? rdom;pkaq;kHwufrIrsm;? taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;
aMumifh awmif;aeaomaiGaMu;rsm;) ukd rdrdwkdY KTV qkdifuom ulnD
yhHykd;aewmjzpfonfhtjyif txufupDrHcsufjzifh 0ifa&mufzrf;qd;ygu
vnf; rdrdwdkYrefae*smESifh qkdif0efxrf;rsm;omtzrf;cHcJh&aMumif;? tJ'g
aMumifh oufqkdif&mokdYvkdif;aMu;tjynfht0ay;aqmifxm;NyD;jzpfonfh
twGuf txufygtzGJUtpnf;ukdrdrdwkdYtaeESifhzGJUpnf;rSmjzpfaMumif; okdYrS
om w&m;r0ifzGifhxm;aomqkdifrsm;udk w&m;r0ifvkdif;aMu;,lxm;aom
oufqkdif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS zrf;qD;jcif;rjyKEkdif&ef &nf&G,fygaMumif;
wu,fvkdYvkdtyfcsuft& zrf;qD;yguvnf; t"duwm0ef&Sdaom ykdif&Sif
ukdomt"duxm;zrf;qD;apvkdaMumif; ajymqkdcJh&m NrdKUe,faxGtkyfOD;pD;
rSL;rS ,ckvukefykdif;rSpNyD; rdrdwkdYaxGtkyfxHokdY vkdif;aMu;ay;aqmifjcif;
rjyK&ef rdrdtaeESifh (11)vykdif;rukefrD tqkdyg taMumif;t&mukd
wkdif;0efBuD;csKyfxH wifjyay;oGm;rSmjzpfaMumif;jyefvnfajymqkdcJhygonf/
tvm;wl vmbfpm;rIrsKd;ukd e,fNrdKUwpfckwGifvnf;Mum;odcJh&zl;
onf/

77

vGwfvyfyGifhvif;vmaom pmaya&pD;wGif ,cifuwdrfjrKyfaysmufuG,fcJh&aom

pmayrsm;pGmjyefvnfzl;zGHUvkdYvmcJhonf/ txl;ojzifh EkdifiHa&;pmayESifhbmoma&;pmay
rsm; yGifhvif;vGwfvyfvmrIu wefzkd;BuD;rm;vSonf/ &Sm;yg;pmtkyfrsm;vnf; pmtkyf
pifrsm;ay:okdYa&muf&SdvmcJhMuonf/ b,ftcsdefwGif bmawGjzpfvmMuOD;rnfawmh
rajymwwf/ ckcsdeftxdawmh xGufaeMuonfhpmtkyfawGtay:zrf;wmqD;wm odrf;wm
qnf;wm w&m;pGJqkdwmrsKd; rMum;&ao;? rMum;&apeJY[kvnf; Budwf qkawmif;
arwmykdYae&onf/ xGuf&SdvmorQaom pmtkyfrsm;pGmxJwGif bmoma&;ESifhywfouf
ESdyfuGyfcHxm;&onfhpmtkyfrsm;pGm yGifhvif;--uefYowfvGwfvyfpGmawGUjrifvm&onfh
txJrS q&marmifaoG;cRef\ tbbk;d rif;acgif Ak'o
pmr@dKif0Zd m vrf;pOf&iS ;f wrf;pmtkyf
rSmxl;jcm;vSonf/
q&marmifaoG;cRef pmaya&;? EkdifiHa&;? bmoma&;rsm;wGif ESHpyfuRrf;usifoljzpf
av &um; tbbkd;rif;acgifESifhywfouf &Sm&SmazGazGpkpkpnf;pnf;wifjyxm;ojzifh
aus;Zl;wifp&mvnf;aumif;vSonf/ &Sm;yg;"mwfykHyef;csDrsm;ukdvnf;pkpnf;azmfjyxm;
ao;onf/ ok0PoQrfpmpOfrSxkwfa0aom tqkdygpmtkyfwGif pma&;olu ed'gef;
trSmpmusL;&ifh&m aerif;BuD;\a&SUawmfajy;tkPfOD;a&mifeDvmkHrQom[kqdkojzifh
aemufxyfvmvwHEkdifaumif;onf[kvnf;arQmfvifh&onf/
tbatmifrif;acgifqkH;rpmurl rSwfom;p&mjzpfacsonf/

1/ vkyfwkdif;rjzpf pdwfrnpfESifh/
ukd,fvkyfwkdif;omjzpfaeygu
b,frSmtew&Sdrnfenf;/
2/ ajymwdkif;r& a'grxESifh/
ukd,fajymwdkif;om &aeygu
b,frSmtew&Sdrnfenf;/
3/ BuHwkdif;rajrmuf pdwfrazmufESifh
BuHpnfwkdif;om NyD;ajrmufygu
b,frSm tew&Sdrnfenf;/
4/ qif;&JBuHKrI rnnf;nLESifh/
csrf;omcsnf;omBuHKaeygu
b,frSm 'ku&Sdrnfenf;/
5/ ysufpD;wkdif;vQif rylyifESifh
rysufpD;um ckdifNrJygu
b,frSm tedp&Sdrnfenf;/
6/ tmkH[lorQ rawmifhwESifh/
tmkHwkdif;om awmifhwygu
b,frSm avmbqkH;rnfenf;/
7/ t&m&mrsKd; pdwfrqkd;ESifh/
ae&mwkdif;om pdwfqkd;ygu
b,frSm a'goqkH;rnfenf;/
8/ odmPfrvkduf oifrrkdufESifh/
odmPfr& rkdufaeygu
b,frSm arm[qkH;rnfenf;/
9/ Ak'w&m; arhrxm;ESifh
qkH;rwkdif;om usifhBuHygu
b,frSm edAmefa0;rnfenf;/
rdrdwkdYonf vkyfwkdif;rjzpf pdwfnpfaeMuolawGyJvm;/ ajymwkdif;r& a'gxae olrsm;yJvm;?
BuHwkdif;rajrmuf pdwfazmufaeolrsm;yJvm;qkdjcif;um; qifjcifzG,f&m jzpfacsonf/

Happy Birthday
rif;udkEdkif
(18)? atmufwdkbm(2012)&ufaeYwGif
usa&mufaom (udk)rif;udkEdkif\
a&T&wkarG;aeYonf 'Drdkua&pDwdkufyGJwdkif;wGif
wdkufyGJwpf&m? atmifyGJwpf&m &&SdygapaMumif;
qkawmif;arwmydkYovdkufonf/
vQyf w pf j yuf 0 d k i f ; awmf o m;rsm;

88

15 atmufwkdbm 2012? &efukef

jynfckdifNzdK;Ou|rSm orwBuD;ygyJ[k od&onf/ 'DaeY OIC ESifh ywfouf &efukefrEav; ESiNhf rdKUBuD;rsm;wGiq
f EjyMuonf/ nBuD;oef;acgif armifjynf0h zke;f qufojzifh Akv
d q
f eG yf uf
vrf;xJokdYa&muf&onf/ q&morm;uvnf; tckcsdeftxd ukd,fhwefzkd;ukd,f rodao;ygvm;/

tqkdawmfawG vnf;0ifqkdxm;Muonf/ q&mOD;0if;Nidrf;ESifha&S;a[mif;

aESmif;jzpfawGajymjzpfMuonf/ nbufukdtHhbkef;jrwfukd xrif;vkduf
auR;&if; tvmyovmyajymjzpfMuonf/
aeYv,fbuf umwGef;armifarmifatmiftdrfokdYa&mufonf/ [kdwkef;u
usyf 6 aomif;ESifh 0,fxm;onfh olYtdrfu ckawmh usyfodef;axmifcsD
aeNyDjzpfonf/ umwGef; armifarmifatmifESifh vQyfwpfjyuf (6)ESpfjynfh
txl;xkwfudpyifjzpfonf/ umwGef;ukd0if;armiftaMumif;; twlwlvkyfcJh
Muonfh jrifuGif;r*Zif;taMumif;ajymjzpfMuonf/ pmaypdppfa&;okdYzkef;
qufonf/ aejynfawmfvTwfawmfowif;,la&;udp olwkdYbufrS
bmrSwm0ef,ljcif;r&Sdawmh[kod&onf/ ,cifpm&if;twkdif;
vTwfawmfokdYoGm;Ekdifonf[kod&? topfavQmufxm;vkdolrsm;
omvQif pmaypdppfa&;rSwpfqifh avQmufxm;Ekdifonf[k
od & onf / vQyf w pf j yuf (6)ES p f j ynf h t xd r f ; trS w f t jzpf
ukd,fhkH;rS0efxrf;awGukd usKdufxD;kd;bk&m;zl;vkdufykdYzkdY pDpOf
jzpfonf/ kd;kd;av;rS ukdaexufodef;EkdifxH usKdufxD;kd; udpzkef;
qufar;Munfhjzpfonf/ xl;xl;qef;qef; ukd&mZmpkd;nGefYa&mufvm
onf yGJzdwfpmwpfapmifvmykdYjcif;jzpfonf/
17 atmuf w k d b m 2012? &ef u k e f
ADSL aps;awGusukefNyDqkd ukd,f0,fxm;onfh Redlink
b,fvkdvkyf&rnfrajymwwf/ onfaeYa&SUaersm;uGef&ufu qEjyMu

ra&muf wmMumNyDjzpfonfh AkdvfqGefyufvrf;uawmh tdyfarmusaeNyDjzpfonf/ ukd,fawmf

acsmu ckcsdeftxd uav;qefaeqJayyJukd;/ ukdwif0if;vmonf/ 74? 75? 76 EkdifiHa&;
vrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm
tiftm; pkudpjzpfonf/ q&mOD;odef;nGefYESifh ta&SUykdif;ckdifw&m;kH;okdYa&muf&onf/ ESpf
vrf
;
avQmuf
'kdif,m&Dukd zwfIay;onfhtwGuf
bufavQmufvJcsufay;Muonf/ Ekd0ifbm(7) &ufaeYtrdefYcsrnf [kod&onf/ q&mOD;odef;
aus;Zl;wif&Sdygonf/
nGefY ukd,fawGtrItwGuf tultnDay;aeonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wif&onf/
vrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm
16 atmuf w k d b m 2012? &ef u k e f
AkdvfausmfaZm&ufvnfqGrf;auR;? ajrmif;jrvrf; tdrfwGifusif;yonf/ Central Hotel
okdYa&mufonf/ aqmif;OD;vIdif\ tnMwol&Jaumif;oDcsif;acGudp? q&mroD&dpH? ckdifZmaoG;ESifh tjcm;

onf/ w&m;0ifqEjycGifh&jcif;jzpfonf/ ukdBuD;aygif;a&mufvmonf/ ukdaZmf0if;xG#f zkef;qufonf/

vm;Id;odef;atmifudp 'DZifbm a&mufrnf[kod&onf/ Skynet uawmh tawmftkdauaeonf/ owif;
*sme,fawGawmifyufvufvefaeMuonf/ qEjyudpawGutp vTifhay;aewmu awmh tawmfrkdufonf/
tav;jyK&rnfh Skynet BuD;ayyJ/ A[kdbPfuEkdifiHjcm;aiG puLawGukd topfta[mif;ra&G; vufcH
oGm;rnfqkdonfh owif;uawmh0rf;ajrmuf zG,fr*Fvmowif;jzpfonf/

jrefrmUpD;yGm;a&;OD;ykdifvDrdwuf? Myanmar Wanbao ESifU

vufyaH wmif;awmifteD;rS&mG om;rsm;ok;H yGiq
hf idk Zf mwfvrf;

,ciftywfrStquf

'DprD u
H ed ;f BuD; &yf&r,fqw
dk t
hJ awG;tac:rsKd;u awmifol
awG wif r[kwfbJeJY 'Dta&;udk wpfEkdifiHvkH;u tmkHpkdufvmMuw,f/
wu,f vk d Y 'D p D r H u d e f ; BuD ; &yf o G m ;Ek d i f w ,f v k d Y a um OD ; wk d Y t aeeJ Y
arQmfvifhrdvm;/ 'Dtaetxm;rSm/ wu,fvkdY &yfoGm;r,fqkd&ifaum
b,fvkdepfemrIawG jzpfvmrvJ/ bmawGarQmfvifhxm;vJ/
uRefawmfwkdYtaeeJYuawmh pwifvkyfpOfupNyD; ckcsdefxd EkdifiH
awmfucsrSww
f hJ pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;twkid ;f vkyyf gw,f/ NyD;awmh a'oykid ;f
qkid &f mawGrmS vkyo
f ifv
h yk x
f u
dk w
f m tukev
f yk yf gw,f/ Oya'eJt
Y nDvyk f
wJhtwGuf &yfqkdif;p&mr&Sdbl;vkdYxifygw,f/ vkyfay;p&m&SdwJh a'ozGifh
NzKd;a&;? awmifolv,form;ta&;? aus;&Gmvlxkta&;qkdvkdY&Sd&if ukd,fh
tcsif;csif;? ukd,hfjynfoljynfom;tcsif;csif;? wpfzufeJYwpfzuf ndEIdif;
NyD;awmh vkyfr,fqkdvkdY&Sd&if trsm;pkBuD;vnf; auseyfygr,f/ 'gayr,fh
ckeajymcJhwJh rdIif;rdwJh wpfa,mufESpfa,mufawmh &Sdaumif;&SdrSmaygh/
uRefawmfwt
Ydk aeeJu
Y awmh Oya'twkid ;f yJvyk w
f t
hJ wGuf &yfomG ;vdrrhf ,f
vkdYrxifygbl;/ 'gayr,fh vkdtyfcsuf&Sd&ifvnf; vkdtyfcsufudk rQrQww
av;jznfhqnf;ay;zkdY uRefawmfwkdYtaeeJYvnf; qE&Sdygw,f/
tckavsmfaMu;awGudk bDvsHeJYcsDNyD; avsmfaMu;ay;w,fajym
w,f/ tJ'DaiGawGu OD;ykdifuay;wmvm;/ wkwfukrPDuay;wmvm;/
tJ'DaiGawGu uRefawmfwkdY&JU tokH;p&dwfxJuay;&wmyg/
&if;ESD;jrKyfESHaiGxJuay;wmyg/
obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;eJY ywfoufNyD;awmhtckwifjy
oGm;wmawGuaumif;ygw,f/ tjyifrSmu bm aumv[vjzpfaevJ
qkdawmh 'DpDrHudef;aMumifh csif;wGif;jrpf&JUtvSBuD;u ysufpD;oGm;Ekdifw,f/
csif;wGi;f jrpf&UJ obm0awG wdraf umoGm;Ekid w
f ,fvYdk ajymqkw
d mawG&v
dS m
w,f/ a'ocHawG wpfyidk w
f pfEidk v
f yk af eMuwJ[
h mawGu obm0ywf0ef;
usifukd xdckdufEkdifvm;/
wpfykdifwpfEkdifvkyfaewmawGu 'DbufpDrHudef;udk rxdckdufyg
bl;/ aewJhvlawGukdyJxdckdufrSmyg/ olwkdYvkyfaewJh ae&m uGufuGufuGif;
uGif;rSmyJ&SdaerSmyg/ csif;wGif;jrpf rajymeJY ,rm;acsmif;udkawmifra&muf
ygbl;/ 'DpDrHudef;eJY vkyfcJhvkdY&Sd&if ykdNyD;awmhawmif tvSrf;a0;ygw,f/
,rm;acsmif;eJY qufpyfp&mr&Sdbl;/ csif;wGif;jrpfeJY qufpyfp&mvnf;r&Sd
bl;/ {&m0wDjrpfeJYqkd ykda0;ygw,f/ wwfEkdifoavmuf obm0ywf0ef;

10
10

usifukd rxdcu
dk af tmif pepfwusvkyaf qmifxm;ygw,f/ csif;wGi;f jrpfukd
vnf; rxdckdufygbl;/ ,rm;acsmif;udkvnf; rxdckdufygbl;/ uRefawmfwkdY
pDrHudef;udk jynfwGif;uyJjzpfjzpf? jynfyuyJjzpfjzpf obm0ywf0ef;usif
xdef;odrf;a&;orm;awG vmavhvmvkdY&ygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdY tm;vkH;udk
vufawGUjyvkdY&ygw,f/

obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdvkdY ckejyoGm;wJhtxJrSm uRefr owdxm;

rdwmu vufrw
S af wGqv
dk &Ydk &dS ifvnf; (2004)(2007)(2008)0ef;usifawG
qkdawmh OD;wkdYvkyfukdifwmu (2011)rSm vTJajymif;NyD;vkyfukdifwmqdkawmh
tJ'DumvtwGif;rSm Test vkyfxm;wmawG&Sdvm;/ rvkyf&ao;bl; qkd&if
vnf; uRefrwkdY Results awGudk b,fawmhavmufod&rvJ/ Project
ykHpHuuGmoGm;NyDav/ t&ifuykHpHwpfrsKd;/ tck vkyfwmu ykHpHwpfrsKd;/
vkyfief;pOfeJY ywfoufvkdYuawmh tajymif;tvJr&Sdygbl;/ 'Dvkyf
ief;pOfyJqufvkyfygw,f/ (2000)ckESpfupNyD;awmh uRefawmfwkdY ISO41001 qkdwmudk&&Sdygw,f/ &&SdNyD;awmh(2003)rSm Quality Management eJ Y & &S d y gw,f / MopaMw;vsuyg/ ol w k d Y o wf r S w f x m;wJ h
tcsuf ( 36)csuf e J Y nD v k d Y & &S d w myg/ tJ ' D ( 36)csuf t wk d i f ; 'D r S m
vufawGUtaumiftxnfazmf&
ygw,f/
vuf a wG U taumif t xnf a zmf r I u d k ppf a q;NyD ; wJ h t cgusrS ol w k d Y
oabmusrS vufrSwfudk xkwfay;wmjzpfygw,f/
v,fodrf;cHwJh awmifolawGeJY ywfoufNyD;awmh wcsKdUa'o
awGrSm v,fawGudkjyefay;vkdufwmawG&Sdw,f/ wcsKdUusawmh jyefndae
wmawG & S d w ,f v k d Y M um;&ygw,f / Oyrm aMu;eD u k r P D t aeeJ Y
a'ocHjynfol awG epfemwm&S&d if vmndv
aYdk jymw,f/ uk,
d t
hf aeeJaY um
'DjyoemawG ajyvnfatmif b,fvkdenf;vrf;awGrsm;
usifhokH;oGm;zkdY&SdygovJ/
uRefawmfwkdYu vTwfawmfOu|OD;aomif;pdef&,f? owKwGif;
0efBuD;OD;oef;xku
d &f ,f? olwt
Ydk zGUJ awGu qm;vif;BuD;rSm a&SUwef;k;H qkNd yD;
tNrJxkdifay;ygw,f/
reufuawmif
vT w f a wmf O u | OD ; aomif ; pd e f u ajymyg w,f / wu,f v k d Y r sm;

olwkdYeJYrsm;awGUcsifw,fqkdvkdY&Sd&if qm;vif;BuD;rSm olwkdYeJYcsdwfvkdufyg/

tNrJwrf;apmifah eyghr,fvYdk uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd owif; pum; yg;xm;ygw,f/
olwkdYtzGJUtpnf;u ckdiftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;aum? NrKdUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;aum
qm;vif;BuD;rSm kH;xkdifygw,f/ xkdifwJhtcgus awmh
olwkdYukd,fwkdifuvnf; ckevkdyJ aus;&Gm;awGudk xdwfac:aewm/
b,folrSrvmMubl;/
'DjyoemawGjzpfvmwJhudprSm tefu,fwkdYu a'otmPmykdif
awGudk tajccHNyD;awmh ajz&Sif;zkdYBuKd;pm;w,f/ a'otmPmykdifawGudk
tajccHNyD; ajz&Si;f zkYd BuKd;pm;&if;? BuKd;pm;&if;eJY jyoemawGu wjznf;jznf;
wjznf;jznf;BuD;xGm;vmw,f/ tJawmh a'otmPmykid af wGeYJ jyoemawG
udkajz&Sif;zkdY rvkHavmufawmhbl;qkdwmudk rpOf;pm;rdbl;vm;/
uRefawmfwkdYu rlvuwnf;upNyD;awmh b,fumv? b,f
tpkd;&yJjzpfjzpfayghaemf tmPmykdifawGeJY? Xmeaygif;pkH&JU vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;eJY
tnDom vk;H 0ruif;uGmbJeYJ aqmif&u
G v
f mcJw
h mjzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfwYdk
taeeJY vkyfcsifovkdvkyf? xdawGUcsifovkd xdawGUqkd&if rawmfvkdYtcuf
tcJawG trsm;BuD;ay:vm&if raumif;bl;ayghaemf/ 'DtwGufrkdYvkdY uRef
awmfwkdYonf bmajymajym oufqkdif&ma'otmPmykdifawGeJY tNrJwrf;
wif j yw,f / nd E d I i f ; w,f / aqmif & G u f w ,f / ck e ajymovk d
vlxkeJYxdawGUcsif w,fajymwJhtcgrS olwkdYvnf; pmxkwfay;ygw,f/
csuf c sif ; pmxk w f a y; w,f / vk d t yf w J h [ mud k nd E d I i f ; yg/
zdwfac:ygw,fqkdwmvnf; pmxkwfyg w,f/
&efukefrSmawmh ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;eJY ywfoufwJh olawG
uajymMuw,f/ aMu;eDpDrHudef;eJYywfoufNyD; ywf0ef;usifnpfnrf;rIawG
trsm;BuD;jzpfEkdifw,fvkdY ajymqkdaeMuw,f/ 'gu olwkdYtajymaygh/
tef u,fwkdYuawmh 'DrSmaoaocsmcsm&Sif;jyw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYuawmh
ynm &Sifr[kwfawmhrodygbl;/ tJ'Dvkdtaetxm;rSm &efukefu
ywf 0 ef ; usif xd e f ; od r f ; a&;eJ Y y wf o uf N yD ; wu,f u Rrf ; usif w J h ?
EkdifiHawmfuvnf;tod trSwfjyKw,f/ vlxkuvnf;
wu,f t od t rS w f j yKwJ h yk * K d v f a wG u d k 'D r S m zd w f a c:NyD ; awmh
aMu;eDawmifpDrHudef;aMumifh
ywf0ef;usifnpfnrf;rI
cketefu,fwkdYajymovkd bmrSrjzpfygbl;qkdwJh ykHpHrsKd; oufaojyEkdifzkdY
tpDtpOfaum&Sdygovm;/
&Sdygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYuvnf; yGifhyGifhvif;vif;zdwfac:ygw,f/
tck[mu awhawhqkdifqkdifaqG;aEG;NyD;awmh r&Sif;wm&Sd&ifar;r,f/ jzpf
EkdifpGrf;&Sdwmxuf ykdNyD;awmh 'Da'ovnf; ra&mufzl;bl;/ 'D,mudkvnf;

rodbl;/ &rf;orf;a&;wJh[mawGursm;ygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYuawmh zdwf

ac:ygw,f/ jynfwGif;u NGO yJjzpfjzpf? jynfyu ynm&SifyJjzpfjzpf?
jzpfEkdifvkdY&Sd&if vmyg/
vuf&dS pDru
H ed ;f xJrmS wkwt
f vkyo
f rm; b,favmuf&ydS g ovJ/
jrefrmvkyfom; b,favmuf&SdygovJ/ NyD;awmh ynm&Sifykdif;rSmaum
wkwfynm&Sif b,favmuf&SdygovJ/
vuf&SdrSmu tif*sifeD,mykdif;u vl(100)avmuf&Sdygw,f/
uRrf;usifrIykdif;u ynm&Sif(20)ausmfavmuf&Sdygw,f/ jrefrmynm&Sif
uawmh (130)avmuf oifwef;ay;aeygw,f/ ae&mpkHrSmyg/ aemufNyD;
jrefrmynm&SifawGudk xyfac:OD;rSmyg/ tcku xlaxmifwJhumvjzpfwJh
twGuf olwkdYEkdifiHu ynm&SifawGu rsm;aewmyg/ aemufykdif;rSmawmh
aMu;eDxkwfvkyfvmNyDqkd&ifawmh wjznf;jznf; wkwfEkdifiHom;awGudk
avQmhoGm;rSmyg/
&Gmom;awGeJY ukrPDMum;u t"du y#dyuu awmifolawG
taeeJY rdkd;zvmvkyfvmwJh v,fajrudk pGefY&r,f/ tJ'DtwGuf tefu,f
wkdYbufu avsmfaMu;ay;w,f/ wu,fhvufawGUrSmawmh tefu,fwkdY
ay;wJh avsmfaMu;u enf;w,f/ uRefawmfwkdYMum;xm;oavmufawmh
awmifolawGbufu xyfNyD;awmif;qkdcsifMuw,f/ wcsKdUuvnf;
aemuf ykdif;rSm pDrHudef;&yfqkdif;ay;&r,fqkdNyD; awmif;qkdvmMuw,f/
a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef
tGefvkdif;0P
a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef
tGefvkdif;0P

q&mOD;odef;GefY(jynfolUvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f)xH Ncdrf;ajcmufpmwpfapmifay;ydkYcJhaMumif; um,uH&Sif

rStwnfjyKajymMum;cJhonf/ Ncdrf;ajcmufpmtjynfhtpHkrSm
odkY
OD;odef;GefY
trsKd ; om;'D r k d u a&pD y gwD
&cdkiftrsKd;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwDrS acG;q&m0efa'gufwmat;armif (1950)ckESpf? b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiHwGifarG;zGm;NyD; &cdkifjynfe,fodkYcdk;0ifvmw,f/ acG;q&m0efa'gufwmat;armifeJY &cdkifjynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf
OD;vSarmifwiftygt0ifaiGyrmP odef;(2)
aomif;ausmfjzifh &cdkifjynfwGifaexdkifaoma'ocHdk[if*smrGwfpvifrsm;udk vlrsKd;wHk;owfjzwf&ef &cdkifjynfrS&cdkifvlrsKd;b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiHrS&cdkifvlrsKd;rsm; ac:,laqmif
&GufaMumif;owif;&&Sdw,f/
a'ocHdk[if*smrGwfpvifrsm;\ &GmawG? AvDawGrD;dIU? ydkifqdkifrIawGtwif;t"rvk,l? trsKd;orD;rsm;udkrk'drf;usihfrIeJYrGwfpvifrsm;udkowfjzwfaomudprSm
acG;q&m0ef at;armifEiS &hf cdik v
f rl sKd;rsm;ucifAsm;OD;ode;f GeeYf aYJ iGoed ;f (600)ay;pnf;H;k cifAsm;udk vTwaf wmfygwDtpnf;ta0;odYw
k ufa&muf d[
k if*smrGwpf vifrsm;udk
qef Y u sif r w&m;ajym? &cd k i f v l r sKd ; rsm;ud k b uf v d k u f a jymqd k c d k i f ; aomowif ; twd t us&&S d x m;w,f / tjypf r J h &cd k i f j ynf e ,f w G i f a exk d i f a om a'ocH
dk[if*smrGwfpvifrsm;vnf; cifAsm;vdkvlom;jzpf
aMumif; cifAsm;rarhoifhbJudk,fcsif;pm Muifem
oif h w ,f / aemuf a emif & cd k i f v l d k i f ; vl r sKd ;
(cannibals)ESifh dk[if*smrGwfpviforkdif;
rsm;ud k rod e m;rvnf b J v T w f a wmf ygwD
tpnf;ta0;rsm;odkYwufa&muf ajymqdk
jcif ; rsm;rvk y f y geJ Y / &cd k i f j ynf w G i f & S d a om
a'ocH[
kd if*sm rGwpf vifrsm;udk vlrsKd;wH;k
owfjzwf&efEdI;aqmfzefwD;olrsm;- (1)
&cdkifwdk;wufa&;ygwD acG;q&m0ef(at;
armif)? (2) &cdkifjynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf
(OD;vSarmifwif)? (3) oCFef;uRef;
'Drkdua&pDygwD(OD;odef;GefY)? (4) (88)
rsKd ; quf a usmif ; om;acgif ; aqmif
uPef;rsufESm&Sif (OD;udkudkBuD;) wdk
yY g0ifaMumif;Ekid if w
H umwGif(OIC)
eJYukvor*Hk;odkY owif;&&Sdyg
onf/ (5) 0efBuD; csKyfa[mif;
(OD;cifGefY)yg0ifygonf/
rMumrDrSm EkdifiHwum Oya'w&m;Hk;wGif ao'PfrdefYcH&
rnfjzpfaMumif; BudKwifjyifqifxm;&ef taMumif;Mum;tyfygonf/

11

(2012)ckESpf? atmufwkdbm(15)&ufaeY aeYvnf(1)em&DrS pwif

um &[ef;&Sifvl(10000)ausmfyg0ifaom qEjyolrsm;onf &efukefNrKdU?
A[ef;NrKdUe,f? aMu;oGef;bk&m;BuD; pkpnf;Muonf/ ,if;aemuf jrefrm
EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m trsKd;om;a&;vIyf&Sm;rIaumfrwD(&efukef)rS ,m,Djzpfap?
tNrJwrf;jzpfap OIC kH;udk jrefrmhajray:wGif zGifhvSpfcGifhjyKrnfr[kwf
aMumif; aMunmcsufxkwfjyefaMunmonf/ OIC kH;zGifhvSpfrnfh tajc
taeESifhywfouf vufrcH&onfhtaMumif;&if;rsm;udkatmufygtwkdif;
&Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/
(1),ckvuf&Sdjzpfay:aeaom jrefrmEkdifiHtaemufbufa'o
(&ckdifa'o)&Sd tjzpftysufrsm;? tedXmkHrsm;? txiftjrifvGJrIrsm;
&Sdaejcif;/ (2)tMurf;zufrGwfqvifrsm;u vpfAsm;EkdifiHwGif tar&d
uefoHtrwfBuD; Mr.Christopher Stevens wkdufckdufcH&onfhudpudk
tar&dueftygt0if urmEY idk if BH uD;rsm;rS 0kid ;f 0ef;uefu
Y u
G q
f EjyaerItay:
OIC uJo
h t
Ydk zGUJ tpnf;rsm;tygt0if rnfoaYdk om tpvmrfrpfEidk if t
H okid ;f
t0kdif;rS xda&mufaom wkHYjyefajz&Sif;rIrsm;r&Sdjcif;/ (3)vuf&Sd aemufqkH;
jzpfymG ;cJah om b*Fvm;a'h&fS Ekid if t
H wGi;f &Sd Ak'b
mom0ifrsm;tm; vlrsK;d a&;?
bmoma&;? tMurf;zufwkdufckdufcH&aom udp&yfrsm;aMumifh urmwpf
0Srf;&Sd Ak'bmomtokdif;t0kdif;rsm;tm;vkH; 0kdif;0ef;uefYuGufqEjyrIrsm;&Sd
aejcif;/ (4)vufeufcJ,rf; rsm;zrf;qD;&rdcJhaom owif;t& vkHNcKHa&;
tm;enf;csuf? jynfolwkdYtwGuf pkd;&drfzG,ftm;enf;csufrsm;&Sdjcif;/ (5)
Ak'b
mom0ifrsm;tm;vk;H txG#t
f jrwfxm;aom bk&m;yGi&hf m Ak'* ,majr
ae&mtm; AkH;cGJzsufqD;&efBuHpnfonfh tMurf;zuform;rsm;tm; zrf;qD;
&rdjcif;/
okyYd gaomaMumifh (u)OIC ESiw
hf u
dk f u
dk af omfvnf;aumif;? oG,f
0kdufaomfvnf;aumif; tm;ay;vufcHaomtzGJUtpnf;rsm; tm;vkH;
ud(k vk;H 0)vufrcHEidk af Mumif;/ (c) OIC ESiyhf wfoufaom udp& yfreS o
f rQukd
jynfolvlxk\qkH;jzwfcsufrygbJ vufrSwfxkd;jcif;? cGifhjyKjcif;udk jyKvkyf
jcif;tm; uefu
Y u
G yf gaMumif;/ (*) OIC ESiyhf wfoufaom oabmwlpmcsKyf
udp taMumif;t&mrsm;? ,m,DkH;zGifhvSpf&eftwGuf cGifhjyKjcif;&Sd^r&Sdtm;
EkdifiHykdifrD'D,mrS twdtvif;aMunmay;&ef awmif;qkdvkdufonf[k

OIC kH; vufrcH[ka<u;aMumfoHrsm;[pfa<u;um

&[ef;oHCmESifUvlxkvlwef;pm;tvTmtoD;oD;rS
jynfol(10000)ausmf&efukefNrKdYwGifcsDwufqEjy

Photo: Zaw Min Naing/Nyi Nyi

aMunmcsufwGif azmfjyxm;onf/
OIC kH;tvkdr&Sd[k a<u;aMumf[pfa<u;Muaom &[ef;oHCmESifh
vlxBk uD;onf A[ef;NrKdUe,f? aMu;oGe;f bk&m;BuD;a&SUrS &efuek Nf rKdU? NrKdUawmf
cef;ra&SUokYd (1)em&DausmfMum csDwufqEjyMuNyD; tcrf;tem;udk rGe;f vG(J 3)
em&Drxk;d cif atmifjrifpmG kyo
f rd ;f cJo
h nf/ OIC onf aqmf't
D ma&;AD;,m;

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif (OIC) Hk;pdkufrnfudkoHCmawmfrsm;u

vH;k 0uefuY uG af Mumif; qExwk af zmf
&efukef/ / atmufwdkbm? (15)
jrefrmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f m trsdK;om;vIyf &Sm;rIaumfrwDu jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f tpvmrf tzGUJ tpnf;wpfcjk zpfaom
Organization of Islam Corporation (OIC) Hk;tajcpdkufrnfudkuefYuGufonfhvlxkvIyf&Sm;rI cGifh rjyKa&;
ESiyhf wfouf (2012)? atmufwb
kd mv(15)&ufwiG ?f aMunmcsuf(5)csufEiS t
hf wlvyI &f mS ;aqmif&u
G cf o
hJ nf/
jrefrmEdik if o
H nf (OIC) tzGUJ 0ifEikd if H r[kwaf omaMumifh ,m,Djzpfap? tNrJwrf;jzpfap(OIC) H;k pdu
k rf nf
udkjrefrmEdkifiHjynfolrsm;ESifh oHCmawmfrsm;u(vHk;0) vufrcHEdkif jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m trsdK;om; vIyf&Sm;rI
aumfrwDuOD;aqmifNyD; qExkwfazmfcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/
tqdkygqEazmfxkwfyGJwGif yg0if aomoHCmawmfwpfOD;u ]]tpvmrf bmomudk t"duxm;ukd;uG,f
onfhEdkifiHaygif;(57)EdkifiH&SdwJh EdkifiHrsm;upkaygif;NyD; tpvmrfbmom0ifawGudktaxmuf tyHhay;aewJhtzGJU
tpnf;? bkef;BuD;uawmhjrefrmEdkifiHonf Ak'bmom0if EdkifiHjzpf usefwJhOa&my EdkifiHawGawmiftck
vdk(OIC) H;k pdu
k w
f mr&Scd b
hJ ;l / rav;&Sm; Edik if u
H ydv
Yk u
kd w
f hJ ypn;f awGxrJ mS vHUI aqmfpmawGygw,f/ tJ'v
D UIH aqmf
pmawGuv
kd nf; bke;f BuD;wdu
Yk uefu
Y u
G w
f ,f/ rMumao;rDtcsdeu
f tdE,
d Edik if &H AdS 'k * g,mudk b*Fvm;a'h&EfS ikd if H
rSm&SdwJhtpGef;a&muf tpvmrfbmom0ifawGu AHk;cGJzdkYBuHpnfwmawGudk bkef;BuD;awGu uefYuGufw,f/
bkef;BuD;wdkYtrsdK; bmomomoemrSmapmifha&SmufrIenf;vdkY? 0HomEk&udwpdwf"mwf&Sdw,fqdkwm owif;pm
xJrSm 0HomEkpdwf"mwf? &udwrsdK;cspfpdwf&Sdaew,fvdkYbkef;BuD;wdkYxifw,f/ tckvdkjzpf vmwm&cdkifjynf

12

EkdifiHwGif tajcpkdufNyD; tpvmrpfEkdifiH(57)EkdifiHjzifh zGJUpnf;xm;aom

tzGJUtpnf;jzpfonf/ k&S?xkdif;ESifh UN wkdYonf OIC kH;tvkdr&Sd[kpwif
qEazmfxw
k cf o
hJ rl sm;rSm &ckid jf ynfe,frt
S rsKd;orD;rsm;jzpfonf/ OIC k;H udk
jynfoq
Yl EEiS hf ruku
d n
f o
D jzifh zGiv
hf pS cf iG rhf ay;Ekid af Mumif;,if;aeYn(8)em&D
rif;atmifatmif
owif;wGif EkdifiHykdifrD'D,mrSaMunmoGm;onf/

e,fjzpf&jcif;&JUtaMumif; &nf&,
G f
csuf uvnf; rsdK;cspfr&SdbJrdrd&JUt
rsdK;rcspfZmwdrmefr&SdwJh yk*dKvfawG
ayghrdrd wdkif;jynfeJYvlrsdK;udk riJh
nmyJeJY aiGwpfrsufESmudkyJMunfhNyD;
rSwfyHkwifawGxkwfay;wJh yk*dKvf
awGaMumifh&cdkifjynfe,frSm rjzpf
oifw
h ahJ oG;ajrus&w,fv}Ykd }jrefrm
EdkifiHwGif(OIC) Hk;tajcrpdkufa&;
ESihf ywfouf qExw
k af zmfyw
JG iG f
yg0ifaom oHCmawmfwpfyg;rS
twd tvif;ajymMum;cJhonf/
,if ; qE x k w f a zmf y G J w G i f
oHCmawmf ig;axmifeD;yg;ESifh
jynfolrsm;onf atmufwdkbm
(15)&uf? aeYv,f(1)em&DwGif a&Twd*HkapwDta&SUbufrkcf&Sd aMu;oGef;bk&m;BuD;wGif pka0;NyD;urmat;
bk&m;vrf;ESifhql;av;bk&m;vrf;twdkif; csDwufvrf;avQmufqlav;bk&m;ESifhNrdKUawmfcef;r a&SUwGif
qExkwfazmfcgaMunmcsufrsm; &GwfqdkNyD;aeYv,f(2;30)cGJtcsdefwGifNidrf;csrf;pGmNyD;qHk;atmifjrifcJhonf/
]]tqdkygowif;jzpf&yfrsm;ESifhywfouf (16?10?2012)&ufaeYxkwfEdkifiH ydkifowif;pmrsm; jrefrm
EdkifiHwGif(OIC) qufqHa&;Hk;zGifhvSpfcGifhjyKvkyfrnfr[kwfaMumif; azmfjyxm;onfudk avhvmod&Sd&onf}}/
aZmf r if ; Ed k i f (Photo)
Photo: Zaw Min Naing/Nyi Nyi

jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m tpvmrfbmoma&;qdkif&m tzGJYtpnf;rsm;rS

wm0ef&Sdolrsm; &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;
oHCmUem,uq&mawmfBuD;rsm;xH Mo0g'cH,l

t,f'DwmcsKyf
'k-t,f'DwmcsKyf
wm0efcHt,f'Dwm
EdkifiHa&;t,f'Dwm
okawoet,f'Dwm
yef;csDtEkynmt,f'Dwm
'DZdkif;
owif;t,f'Dwm
owif;axmufcsKyf
owif;tzGJY
"mwfyHkt,f'Dwm
D.T.P In - Charge
D.T.P

&efukef? atmufwdkbm 14
rMumao;rDu b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHwGifjzpfay:cJhaomudprsm;ESifh jrefrmEkdifiHwGif OIC Hk; Hk;pdkufrnfhudprsm;
tay: jrefrmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m tpvmrfbmoma&;qdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;rSif;wdkYoabmxm;ESifh
tjrifrsm;udk &efuek w
f ikd ;f a'oBuD; oHCmhem,uq&mawmfBuD;rsm;xHwiG f avQmufxm;aqG;aEG;Mo0g'cH,o
l nfh
tcrf;tem;wpf&yftm; &efukefwdkif;? oCFef;uRef;NrdKUe,f&Sd wdkif;a'oBuD;oHCmhem,uq&m awmfBuD;rsm;\
ausmif;wGif usif;ycJhaMumif;od&Sd&onf/
tcrf;tem;odkYa0VK0HOu|ausmif;wdkufq&mawmf? a&TusifOu|q&mawmf? &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; oHCmh
em,utzGJUOu|q&mawmf? oHCmhem,utzGJU tusKd;awmfaqmifq&mawmfBuD;? jrefrmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m
tpvmrfbmoma&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&TefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf OD;oef;
armifwdkYwufa&muf cJhMuNyD; &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; omoema&;rSL;OD;atmifMunfrS tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhaMumif;od&onf/
jrefrmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f m tpvmrfbmoma&;qdik &f mtzGUJ tpnf;rsm; ud,
k pf m;OD;0Pa&TrAS 'k b
mom *dP
k ;f aygif;
pHkrSOu|? wkdif;a'oBuD;q&mawmfBuD;rsm;tm; avQmufxm;cJh&mwGifAk'bmom*dkPf;aygif;pHkrS q&mawmfBuD;rsm;
ESihf awGUqH*k g&0jyKcGi&hf onft
h wGuf rsm;pGmauseyfr&I &Syd gaMumif;? yxrOD;pGm (2012)? ZGev
f ydik ;f ujzpfay:cJah om
tajctaetay:rlwnfNyD; &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;q&mawmf OD;wd
Av\ vrf;TefrIaMumifh jyemrsm;tawmftwefcsKyfNidrf;NyD; Nidrf;csrf;
rIrsm;&&SdcJhaMumif;? vwfwavmtajctaewGif b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHwGif
jzpfay:cJhaom tMurf;zufrIrsm;ESifhywfouf jrefrmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m
tp vmrfbmomtzGUJ \oabmxm;rSm ud;k uG,,
f MkH unfru
I t
kd aMumif;
jyKNyD; tjypfwpfpw
kH pf&mr&Sb
d J trsm;pkutenf;pkukd tEkid u
f sifjh cif;tm;
jrefrm Ekid if v
H ;kH qdik &f mtpvmrfbmoma&;tzGUJ BuD;rS vH;k 0vufoifrh cHEidk f
aMumif;? ,if;uJo
h t
Ykd Murf;zufaqmif&u
G o
f rl sm; Iwcf saMumif;? tMurf;
zufrIaMumifh 'kua&muf&onfh jynfolrsm;udkvnf; pmemrdygaMumif;?
OIC ESifhywfouf if;wdkYavhvmod&Sd&oavmuf tpvmrfEkdifiH(57)EkdifiHuzGJUpnf;xm;aom tpdk;&tzGJU
tpnf;jzpfaomaMumifh if;wdkYESifh qufoG,fyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;r&SdygaMumif;? OIC \ vkyfief;aqmif
&GufrItao;pdwfudkvnf;rod&Sd&ygaMumif;? xkdtzGJUtpnf;rSm EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifhom qufoG,frI&SdygaMumif;?
OIC taejzihf &cdi
k af 'orSm&Sad om 'kuo
nfrsm;udk ulnaD qmif&u
G rf nfqydk gu if;wdt
Yk aejzifv
h uf cHygaMumif;?
wjcm;aom&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jzifh aqmif&Gufrnfqdkygu trsm;enf;wl if;wdkYtaejzifh vufcHEkdifjcif;r&SdaMumif;?

pmjyift,f'Dwm

- jrwfcdkif
vQyfwpfjyuf
- tGefvdkif;0P
"mwfyHk0kdif;awmfom;rsm;
- at;atmif
atmifausmfrdk;(New Image)?
- pdk;jrwfEG,f
&JjrifUvGif?
- OD;atmifjrOD;
rvdrm(jrefrmpm)? udkNzdK;?
- yef;csDvSxGPf;atmif
EdkifEdkif(R2)? wdk;wdk;?
- odef;vGif? aZmfrdk;? ausmfausmf
- ausmhausmhvdIif
Snap Shot
- &wemOD;vdIif
- vSoed ;f ? ydyhk ?hkd oG,o
f ,
G af qG? acsmacsm
bdk "mwfyHktzGJY (rEav;)
N0.220/222, 5 Floor, Botataung
- nDnD
Pagoda Road, Pazundaung Tsp.
- NzdK;rrcdkif
Yangon, Myanmar.
- cdkifoZifxdkuf
Ph : 09-73204192, 09-73203273
- oif;oGJY OD;
th

09-5502618

EdkifiHawmf\ tcuftcJrsm;udkq&mawmfBuD;rsm;OD;pD;NyD;bmomaygif;pHkyg0ifaomtzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfudk zGJUpnf;

vkyfaqmifoGm;rnfqdkygvQif ,cktcuftcJrsm;udk atmifjrifpGmausmfvTm;Ekdifrnf[k ,lqygaMumif;? txufyg
udpr sm;ESiyhf wfouf q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\ Mo0g'cH,&l ef vma&muf&jcif;jzpfaMumif;avQmufxm;wifjycJo
h nf/
&efuek w
f ikd ;f a'oBuD; *kP
d ;f aygif;pHw
k ikd ;f Ou| q&mawmfrsm;rSvnf;
,ckuo
hJ Ykd wpfO;D ESiw
hf pfO;D cdu
k &f efjzpfymG ;rIrsm;&Sad evQif rnforl Q pdwcf srf;
omrIr&&SEd idk af Mumif;? b*Fvm;a'h&EfS idk if w
H iG v
f nf; if;wdYk tpd;k &taejzifh
w&m;Oya'pdk;rkd;rItwGufaqmif&Gufaeonfudkod&Sd&aMumif;? OIC ESifh
ywfouf vrf;ay:wufqEazmfxkwfrnfqdkonfrsm;udk Mum;odae
&aMumif;?&[ef;awmfrsm;taejzifNh idr;f csrf;a&;udk tpOfvv
kd m;yg aMumif;?
OIC Hk;cGJrsm; &efukefESifhppfawGNrdKUrsm;wGif Hk;pdkufcGifh? cGifhjyKxm;jcif;
r&SdaMumif;udkvnf;od&Sd&ygaMumif;? tpvmrfbmom tzGJU BuD;taejzifh
b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH&Sd tjzpftysufrsm;udk Iwfcsonfqdkjcif;udk Mum;od&
onfhtwGuf 0rf;ajrmufrdaMumif;? bmomcsif;rwlMuaomfvnf; pdwf"mwfwpfom;wnf;&SdNyD; Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk
yl;aygif;aqmif&u
G Mf u&efwu
kd w
f eG ;f vdak Mumif;Mo0g'pum;>rufMum;cJo
h nf/ &efuek w
f ikd ;f a'oBuD;tpd;k & TeMf um;
a&;rSL;csKyfOD;oef;atmifrSvnf; OIC ESifh pyfvsOf; EkdifiHawmforwHk;rS EkdifiHawmftaejzifh OIC Hk;pdkufrnfudk
cGifhjyKxm;jcif;r&SdaMumif;udkrSmMum;vdkufaMumif; bmoma&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm;vHk;od&SdEkdif&ef avQmufxm;oGm;
ZM
onf[kod&Sd&onf/
(atmuf w d k b mv 14 &uf a eY naeyd k i f ; Sky Net k y f o H r S xk w f v T i f h c suf r S )

&efukefNrdKUwGif OIC uefhuGufa&;qEjyvlxkvIyf&Sm;rItpDtpOf wpf0ufomaqmif&GufcJh

&efukef atmufwdkbm (15)
jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m trsKd;om;a&;vIyf&Sm;rI aumfrwDu
OD;aqmifu OIC kH;rpkdufa&;ESifhywfouf &efukefNrdKUwGif
qefusifuefYuGufqEjy&mowfrSwfxm;onfh tpDtpOfrsm;
twkdif;vIyf&Sm;cJhMujcif;r[kwfaMumif; tpDtpOfwpf0ufom
aqmif&GufvIyf&Sm;cJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; pkHprf;od&onf/
tqkdygaumfrwDwGifyg0ifonfh udk&Jrif;OD;u vQyfwpfjyuf
owif;*sme,fodkYajymjy&mwGif ]]uRefawmfwdkYe*dk tpDtpOfu
aMu;oGef;bk&m;uae uefawmfBuD;ywfNyD;? r*FvmawmifnTefY
bufavQmufzkYdyg/ naerS ql;av;NrdKUawmfcef;rbufuae
aMu;oGef;bk&m;rSmjyefqkH;NyD;qGrf;uyfrSm/ 'Dvdkvrf;avQmufr,fh
oHCmawmfawG oDwif;ok;H wJah usmif;wku
d af wGuo
dk ufqidk &f mu
nbufrSmBudKNyD;vrf;ravQmufzdkYpmydkYtaMumif;Mum;xm;wm&Sd
w,f/ uRefawmfwdkYqEjyaewJhtcsdefrSmvnf; &efukefwkdif;
a'oBuD;vkNH cHKa&;0efBuD;uuRefawmfwYkd qEjywmud&k yfzYkd arwm
&yfcHw,f/ tJh'geJY uRefawmfwdkYvnf; tpDtpOfudk wpf0ufyJ
aqmif&u
G cf w
hJ myg}}[kif;u ,if;aeYvyI &f mS ; aqmif&u
G rf EI iS yhf wf
oufajymjyonf/ oHCmawmfrsm;ESifhqEjy&mwGif yl;aygif;
yg0ifcJhonfh vlxktaeESifhtjcm;tcuftcJwpfpkH wpf&mr&SdcJh
aMumif; vrf;avQmufqEjy&mwGif Nidrf;Nidrf;csrf;csrf;ESifh NyD;qkH;cJh
aomfvnf; vlpkcGJonfhtcsdefoufqkdif&mtmPmydkifrsm; tae
ESifhtrdefYtmPmokH;ajymqdkjcif;rsm;rjyKMu&ef jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;
qkid &f mtrsKd;om;vIy&f mS ;rI aumfrwDwiG yf g0ifow
l pfO;D u arwm
&yfcHaeonfudkawGU&SdcJhonf/
zdk;pdkif;

13

14

15

,cifwpfywfrStquf
'gayrJh jynfoljynfom;awGurif;udkyGm;pnf;apjcif;xuf bk&ifrif;w&m;BuD;uapmifha&Smuf&jcif;uydkjrwf
w,f/ b,fvdkyJ jzpfjzpfaygh/
bk&ifrif;w&m;vkyo
f u
l Pftajrmftjrifr&S&d if jynfoal wG&UJ ysufp;D &m ysufp;D aMumif;vrf;pyJ/ ork'&m?
yifv,fjyifus,frSmyJhrygbJ vGifhaewJhoabFmvdkyJaygh/ rif;qdkwmu rif;pnf;pdrf ig&NyDqdkNyD;roifhwm rusifh
tyfbl;/
tdkrif;&ifha&mfrI[mjrwfaomkyfqif; t*FgudkzsufqD;ypfouJhodkY rvdrfrmr,Ofaus;rIqdkwmuvnf;
pnf;pdrfusufoa&udkzsufqD;wwfw,f/ rif;vkyfolu ynmrJhaeapumrlynm&Sdtrwfrsm;&JU Mo0g'udkcH,l
usifhoHk;cJh&if tJ'Drif;[m wdkif;jynfudk t"GefY&SnfpGmtkyfpdk;&wwfw,f/
urf;em;rSmaygufwJh opfyifvdkpnfum;a0NzdK; usufoa&wdk;Edkifw,f/ Opm&Sdjcif;? pGefYBuJjcif;paom
t*FgoHk;yg;[m rif;t*FgawGyJjzpfw,f/ 'Dt*FgoHk;yg;rJhaom rif;wdkYtzdkY rif;oufr&Snfbl;/ rif;pnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk
wm&SnfrcHpm;&wwfbl;vdkYqdkMuw,f/
ajr'l;rif;om;eJY rif;acgifaemf&xmwdkY[m y#dyujzpfaeMuw,f/ ajr'l;rif;om;&JU wefjyefawmfvSefa&;
tpDtpOfudkrif;acgifaemf&xmuuefYuGufw,f/ ewf&GmpH tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD;&JU tqHk;trudkemcHzdkYwdkuf
wGef;w,f/
ajr'l;rif;om;uvnf; olYtrdefY remcH
aumif; vm;qdkNyD; rausreyf jzpfaew,f/
wu,fom 'DykefuefrIudk rif;acgifaemf&xm
OD;pD;&if usdef;aoatmifjrifr,fqdkwm ajrBuD;
vufcwf rvGJbl;r[kwfvm;/
'gawGudk ajr'l;rif;om;u pdwfESvHk; 'kef;
'kef;csNyD;om;/ 'gayrJh ppfrIa&;&mrSm txl;
uRrf;usifwJh rif;acgifaemf&xmrygvdkY olUtBuH
tpnfudk vufavQmhvdkufw,f/
onf t csd e f r S m yJ aejynf a wmf u trd e f Y
pmcRefawmfa&mufvmw,f/ 'guwjcm; r[kwf
bl;/ nDawmfajr'l;rif;om;udk tmPmukefvTJ
tyfjcif;cH&wJh tdrfa&SUrif;&mxl;cefYtyfvkduf
aMumif;trdefYpmyJ/ onfae&mrSm ajr'l;rif;om;
uvnf; yg;vdkuforS vSpfaewmyJ/
]]ig;r& a&csKd;jyef}} qdkwJh xHk;udk ESvHk;rl
vdkufw,f/ EdkifiHawmf&JU tjrifhqHk;ae&mr&
ayr,fh'kwd,ae&mawmh&vdkufNyDyJ/ onfae&m
uvnf; bk&ifrif;w&m;BuD;eJYuyfaewmyJ/ 'D
awmh bk&ifjzpfzdkYta&;rSm ta0;u wdkufyGJ0if
jcif;xuf teD;uyfwdkufyGJu ydkNyD;xda&mufw,f
r[kwfvm;/ tcsdefra&G;tcgra&G; vpf&ifvpf
ovdk BuHEdkifw,fr[kwfvm;/
'gaMumifhyJ xif&JUajr'l;rif;om;[maejynf
awmfut
kd jyif;csDwufvmw,f/ onfvkd aejynf
awmfudk tjyif;csDwuf&mrSm olUaemufu ygvm
wJh rif;acgifaemf&xmwyfudk todray;bl;/
tBuHeJY rdrdwyfudkom a&SUodkYtjyif;csDap
w,f / rif ; acgif a emf & xmwyf u d k ay;&r,f h
&dumrsm;udkvnf; vHk;0xkwfray;awmh bl;/
taMumif;uawmh olU&JazmufjyefwJh tBuH
tpnfudk aejynfawmfa&mufoGm;vdkY odoGm;&if
oloufomrSm r[kwfbl;/ 'Dawmhrdrdu aejynf
awmfudk BudKNyD;ta&mufoGm;um rif;acgifaemf
&xmtaMumif; r[kwfu [kwfu uysufu,ufwifavQmufum'kuay;zdkYyJ/
wu,fawmh ajr'l;rif;om;[m a,musfm;ryDowJhrif;om;wpfyg;yJ/ ol[m uvdefaphjirf;qifum
uvdru
f npfawGtvGev
f yk w
f ,f/ olUtvdrk vdu
k w
f hJ rif;acgifaemf&xmudk 'kua y;zdpYk Of;pm;vkyf aqmifaeaMumif;
xif&Sm;av&JU/
yxrawmh rif;acgifaemf&xm;wyfom;rsm;[m tvGeftrif;pdwf"mwfusaeMuw,f/ b,fvdktusKd;
taMumif;rSrodbJ &dumjzwfcH&vdkYajr'lrif;om;udkpdwfemMuw,f/ wcsKdU&Jrufrsm;qdk&if qmavmifrGwfodyfrI
'Pfudk rcHEdkifwJhtwGuf atmf[pfnnf;wGm;Muw,f/
yifyef;rI'Pf qmavmifrGwfodyfrI 'PfawGaMumifhwyfawGajcukef vufyef;us&Smwmaygh/ ajcwpfvSrf;
vSrf;wdkif; olwdkY&JU tonf;rsm;[maMurGoGm;rvm;&,fvdkYxifrSwfrSm;Muw,f/ 'gudkrif;acgif aemf&xmu
odw,f/ olU&Jrufrsmudk azsmif;zsw,f/
ppfom;yDypD w
d "f mwfruszk?Yd pnf;urf;vdu
k ef mqmavmifr'I Pfukd onf;nnf;cHzYkd vrf;rSmawGUovdk BuHKxm;
ovdk &SmBuHpm;aomufMuzdkY rdefYrSmvdkufw,f/
NyD;awmh olU&JppfaMumif;udk awmifilaMumif;twdkif; wa&GUa&GUcsDapw,f/ ajr'l;rif;om;&JUaemufu
vdkufvmayr,fh ckawmh &dumrSr&wm jzwfvrf;uvdkufrS c&D;omawmhraygh/
onfvdk rif;acgifaemf&xmwyfu ppfaMumif;udkz,f awmifilaMumif;twdkif;csDvmwmudk ajr'l;rif;om;
odoGm;cJhw,f/ 'gaMumifh olpdwfuGufusL;vGefcJhwJhtaMumif;udk bk&ifrodatmif tBuHtpnfwpfckudkjyKw,f/
aejynfawmfudk jrif;onfawmfwpfa,muftjyifvTwfNyD; o0PfvTmqufoGif;apw,f/ tJ'Do0PfvTmxJ
rSm rif;acgifaemf&xmtay: bk&iftaumif;rjrifap&ef *H;k acsmpum;rsm;xnfo
h iG ;f a&;om;cJw
h ,f/ wu,fawmh
EdkifiHawmftkyfcsKyfwJh bk&if[mvnf; vlxJuvlom;wpfa,mufr[kwfvm;/ onfawmh olUrSm twpGJ&Sdae
wmaygh/
olUtwGuf edrfhusapr,fhjzpf&yfrsKd;udk b,frSmvufcHcsifyghrvJ/ ewfjynfewfeef;ozG,fjzpfwJh rif;pnf;pdrf
uvnf;wpfjym;rS avQmhcsifwmrSr[kwfbJ/ onfawmh ajr'l; rif;om;xHu qufovdkufwJho0PfvTmudk
&wmeJY bk&ifrif;w&m;BuD;[m trdefYawmfwpf&yfxkwfqifhvdkufw,f/ onftrdefYawmfudk awmifilbk&ifcHxH
ydkYvdkufw,f/
awmifilbk&ifcH[m tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD;&JU nDawmfrif;&JodcolyJ/ awmifilaMumif;csDvmwJh rif;acgif
aemf&xmudk awmifila&mufwmeJY wpfNydKifeufzrf;qD;NyD;aejynfawmfudk qufozdkYtrSmxm;vdkufw,f/
tppt&m&mudk owdxm;aewJh rif;acgifaemf&xmuvnf; owif;udkBudKwif Mum;od&w,f/ 'gaMumifh
awmifiltxd r0ifao;bJ aZ,s0wDrSmwyfcs&yfaew,f/ 'Djyemudk rif;acgifaemf&xmu arQmfvifhNyD;om;yJ/
vuf&SdtkyfcsKyfaewJhaemifawmfBuD; bk&ifrif;w&m;eJY ajr'l;rif;om;wdkY[m nDtpfudkt&if;csif;yJ/ emcsif;

16

em&if dkif;yif;csif;dkif;yif;&ifolwdkYnDtpfudkcsif;yJ dkif;yif;rSmyJ/ vufonf;qdwf vufxdyfemqdkovdkaygh/

onfae&mrSm jywfom;zdkYwpfckyJvdkawmhw,f/ a&SUwdk;rvm; aemufqkwfrvm;yJaygh/
onftcsdefrSm aejynfawmfuwyfrSL;wpfa,mufa&mufvmw,f/ rif;acgifaemf&xmyJaygh/ oHa,mZOft&Sd
qHk;yk*dKvfyJ/ oleJYtwl bk&ifrif;w&m;BuD;xHrS pmcRefawmfwpfckvnf;ygav&JU/ rif;acgifaemf&xm a&SUawmf
arSmufodkYtjreftcpm;0ifa&mufap/ NyD;cJhNyD;jzpfaom &mZ0wftjypf'Pfrsm;udk uif;Nidrf;apr,fvdkY qdkxm;w,f
aygh/
onfwGif rif;acgifaemf&xmtzdkYtav;teufpOfpm;&awmhw,f/ wu,fwrf;qif;&Jtwl csrf;omtrQ
&,fvYkd vufwv
JG yk u
f idk cf w
hJ b
hJ 0&Sirf if;w&m;BuD;vnf; r&Sad wmhonft
h wGuf aus;&if;uRef&if; vlwpfoif;wdrYk mS
trdro
hJ m;a&enf;ig;vdjk zpfaeNyD/ tckjzpf&yfuMkd unf&h if ajr'l;rif;om; &dum jzwfawmufraI Mumifih gh&UJ &Jrufawmf
om;rsm;pdw"f mwfus&w,f/ upifu
h vsm; jzpfMu&w,f/ ckawmhonf tajctaersKd;jzpfae&if aemift&Snw
f iG f
rnfolUtm;udk;&ygtHhenf;/ igwdkYtzkdY udk;uG,f&mvnf;r&SdawmhNyD/
toufeJYcEmukd,fNrJatmif BudK;pm;&SmazGawmhrnf/ e*g;wkYdrsufapmif;taMumif;oHk;yg;ra&G; qdkovdk
rif;rsufapmif;vnf; taMumif;oHk;yg;ra&G;wwf/ onfawmh olwdkYowfigraocsif/ aejynfawmfudkigrjyef/
ighudk,f ighMurmigomzefwD;awmhrnf/ onfvdk rif;acgifaemf&xm[m cdkifcdkifrmrmqHk;jzwfvdkufw,f/ olUudk
taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;jyNyD; ZGwt
f wif;ac:,laewJh aoG;aomufBuD;rif;vSaemf&xm&JUpum;ukcd g;cg;oD;oD; jiif;qef
awmfrlw,f/
wu,fawmh rif;acgifaemf&xm[m cJrSef
zl;wJh pmi,fvjdk zpfaeNyD/ vlawGukd ,HMk unfzq
Ykd kd
wm tawGUtBuHKaMumifrh ,H&k aJ wmhb;l / aemuf
qHk; rif;vSaemf&xmvnf;r&wmeYJ vufavQmh
NyD; aejynfawmfudk jyefoGm;w,f/
rMumcifbJ rif;acgifaemf&xm[m aemuf
yg wyfrawmfBuD;eJYtwl tif;0udk csDwuf
odrf;ydkufw,f/ ao&ifajrBuD;&Sif&if a&TxD;qdk
wJhxHk;ukd ESvHk;rlae&NyD/ ewf&GmpH tavmif;rif;
w&m;BuD;eJYtwl EdkifiHawmfudkxlaxmifcJhwJh
&Jabmf&b
J ufcsif;rdv
Yk nf; a&Tx;D a&Teef;udk odr;f
ydkufzdkY pdkif;jyif;aeNyD/ EdkifiHawmf&JU tmPmudk
vk,lzdkYBudK;pm;aeacs NyD/
onftcg aejynfawmfuvnf; tif;0
NrdKUudk Munf;wyfa&wyf ESpfzufnyfNyD; wdkuf
cdkufapw,f/ (1122)ck 0gacgifvqef; (10)
&ufaeYrSm bk&ifrif;w&m;BuD; ukd,f awmfwdkif
csDawmfrlw,f/ ppfudkif;a&mufvQif NrdKUopf
wnfNyD; r[maZ,syl&NrdKUvdkY orkwfum pHae
awmfrlw,f/ wu,fwrf;qkd&if ppfudkif;eJY
tif;0[m {&m0wDjrpfomjcm;aewmyJ/ odyfNyD;
awmhvnf; eD;uyfaew,f/
aejynfawmfu wyfrsm;[m'k|0wD jrpfeJY
{&m0wDjrpfxJrSm a&wyfwnfNyD; 0dkif;&Hxm;Mu
w,f/ rif;acgifaemf&xmuvnf; tcdkiftrm
ydwfqdkYNyD;ckcHw,f/
bk&ifrif;w&m;BuD;
udk,fawmfwdkif tif;0buful;vmNyD; qifOD;rSm
pD;vdkY udk,fawmfwdkifBuD;Muyfum ESpfzufnyf
wdkufapw,f/ 'gayrJhr&bl;/ 'Dawmh bk&ifrif;
w&m;BuD;u vufravQmhbl;aygh/ rif;acgif
aemf & xmrS r&&if r jyef b l ; qk d w J h o H E d | mef e J Y
tif;0udk twif;zdwdkufw,f/ tif;0NrdKUeJY
tquf toG,frSeforQudk ydwfqdkY0dkif;&Hxm;
w,f/
a&aMumif;? Munf;aMumif; t0iftxGuf vHk;0r&Sdap&bl;/ ajcmufvcefYMumawmh tif;0NrdKUolNrKdUom;awG
tpma&pm iwfrw
G v
f mMuw,fav/ a&m*gb,vnf; xlajymvmav&JU/ 'gaMumifv
h nf;rif;acgif aemf&xm[m
tif;0uaeNyD; cHaevdkYrjzpfawmhbl;qdkwmodvmw,f/
'gaMumifh bk&ifhxHrSmawmhtnHhrcHbl;/ vufeufaoyap? udk,fvGwfajy;r,f/ a,musfm;wdkYZGJ aoumrS
avQmhqw
kd hJ pum;twdik ;f awmifbufNrdKU wHcg;rxifr&Sm;xGuo
f mG ;cJw
h ,f/ 'gudk 0dik ;f &Hxm;wJh aejynfawmfwyfu
odoGm;w,f/ rif;acgif aemf&xmaemuftjyif;vdkufMuwmaygh/
a&SUqHk;u rif;acgifaemf&xm[m olUjrif;udktjyif;ESifw,f/ aemufu jrif;onfawmftcsKdU tjyif;vdkuf
av&JU/ olwdkYeJYtwl rD;aygufaoewfrsm;uvnf; w'dkif;uyfygvmw,f/
rif;acgifaemf&xm[m tif;0NrdKUawmfrSmaeNyD; tawmifaxmifht&yfqDudk jzwfajy;vmjcif;jzpfw,f/
ajrrSmawmhazmif;um;yif? BuHyifrsm;[mavtEGJUrSm oluav;,drf;upm;aeMuav&JU/ dk;jywf v,fuGif;jyifu
vnf; warQmfwac:BuD;a0;uGmvSacs&JU/
rif;acgifaemf&xm[m ajy;&if;ajy;&if;eJY ndKUndKUrIdif;rIdif;opfyifrsm; tkyfqdkif;aewJh &Gmwpf&Gmudk vSrf;jrif
vkdufwm 'Dawmh olYjrif;udk tJ'D&Gmbuf OD;wnfay;vkdufw,f/
jrif;[DoH? jrif;cGmoH? aoewfoHrsm;[m ywf0ef;usifwpfckvHk;udk aMumufp&mvefYp&mzefwD;aeav&JU/
BuHK;atmf[pfoHrsm;uvnf; yJhwifxyfrQ&Sdav&JU/ wpfOD;u toufab;twGuf aoa&;&Sifa&;ajy; vTm;ae
&w,f/
usefwJhvlawGuawmh olwdkY&mxl;av; wnfNrJa&;onfhxufydkNyD; wdk;wufa&;wdkYtwGufa&SUrS&efoludk
trDvdkufaeMuw,f/ bmeJYwlovJqdkawmh rEkvlom; tcsif;csif; trJvdkufaeMuovdkyJ/ vlwpfa,muf
udk Muufuav;iSufuav;ozG,fvdkufowfaeMuwmyJ/
'gyJaygh/ tmPm&Sifpepf wpfrif;wnf; tkyfpdk;wJhacwfqdkawmh w&m;Oya'qdkwmu rif;qdkwJhyg;pyfxJrSm
&Sdaewmaygh/ rif;acgifaemf&xm&JU tcktjzpfudkMunfh&if odyfw&m;uszdkYaumif;w,f/
t&Sifhopmawmfudk ausausyGefyGefxrf;aqmifcJhwJh tmZmenfol&Jaumif;BuD;jzpfygvsuf ckawmh
Muufuav;iSufuav;ozG,f vdkufowfcHae&NyD/ olU&JUoufwrf;wpfavQmuf wdkif;jynfwm0efxrf;cJhwhJ
rsufESmudkvnf;raxmufawmhbl;/ tdk; ausaus ta&crf;crf; trIawmfukefajyatmif wm0efxrf;cJhwmawG
udkvnf;riJhuGufawmhbl;/ vdk&ifvdkovdk rvdk&ifrvdkovdkjyKwwfMuygayh/ ckvnf; vlYtoufudk yk&Gufqdwf
uav;wpfaumif owfovdk owfzkdYvdkufaeMuNyD/
rif;acgifaemf&xm[m "g;vGwu
f akd vxJrmS a0SU&rf;NyD;jrif;udzk aemufeaYJ ygufuma&SUodYk wpf[ek x
f ;kd ajy;vTm;
aew,f/ olU&JU jrif;uGif;rSm [dk;utHkUrIdif;aewJh&GmBuD;qDwajz;ajz;eD;vmNyDaygh/

qufvufazmfjyygrnf

,cifwpfywfrStquf

]]pum;yGifhudk OD;odyfcspfw,f}}
pum;yGifhrsufvHk;u ta0;wpfae&modkYai;Munfhaeonf/
]] &Sif . .OD;}}
]]udk&Sifrif;ndKuvJ pum;yGifhtay:oHa,mZOfBuD;ygw,f
pum;yGihf rsuf0ef;av;rSm tHhMorIwdkYaMumifh Munfvif
'gaMumifh 'DaeYvm&Smwmaygh pum;yGifh&JU}}
awmufyoGm;onf/ olr tNyHK;aiGUwdkYu olr rsuf0ef;rSm
]]'gayrJh aqGaqG&,fOD;pum;yGifhtay:xm;wJh oHa,mZOf
xif&mS ;vSonf/ olr\aphxm;aom EIwcf rf;axmifph eG ;f av;awG
u pum;yGifh OD;tay:xm;wJh oHa,mZOfavmufydkrSm r[kwfyg
auG;wufvmonf/ &ifxJrSmvnf; MunfEl;rIawGESifhyg/
bl;uGm}}
]]pum;yGifhudk OD;odyfcspfw,fuG,f pum;yGifhua&m [ifu
]]pum;yGifh&,f twlwlyJjzpfrSmygaMomf udk&Sifrif;ndKurSm
av;ajymygOD;}}
vdu
k af o;w,f/ oifwef;udk pdwyf Nl yD;vm&Smw,fqw
kd m aoao
pum;yGifh\ vufarmif;ESpfzufudkol\ vufBuD;rsm;ESifh
csmcsmajymvdu
k yf gwJh ud&k iS rf if;ndKu pum;yGihf rvmvdYk pdwyf Nl yD;
qkwfudkifumar;vmonf/
&ifxrJ mS ylavmifaewmwJh oem;ygw,fpum;yGi&hf ,f ud&k iS rf if;
olrpum;yGifh MunfEl;rItjynfhwkYdESifh vTrf;NcHK&Da0aeaom
ndK pum;yGifhtay: wu,f oHa,mZOf&Sdwmaocsmygw,f}}
rsufvHk; tpHkwdkYjzifh Munfhvdkufygonf/
]]OD;&,f . . .}}
]]pum;yGifh OD;udkajzav}}
pum;yGifh &ifxJrSm auseyfyDwdjzpfrdygawmhonf/
]]OD;&,f OD;udk pum;yGifhajymNyD;NyD;yJ OD;twGufqdk pum;yGifh
bmyJ vkyaf y;&vkyaf y;&ygvdaYk v/ OD;eJY wpf&ufrawGU&wm pum;yGihf
tcef ; (6)
wpfouf rawGU&ovdyk J pum;yGihf OD;udt
k &rf;vGr;f wmyJ aevdrYk &bl;}}
]]arar pum;yGifhoifwef;oGm;awmhr,f}}
OD;rsufEmS udk pum;yGihf pl;pl;pdu
k pf u
kd Bf uD;Munfu
h m ajymvdu
k yf gonf/
]]orD;&,f {nfhonfawGa&mufwJh&ufrSm oifwef;roGm;bJaeyg
]]'gqdk OD;udk pum;yGifhcspfw,fayghaemf}}
vm;uG,f}}
]]OD;udk pum;yGifh odyfcspfcJhygw,fOD;&,f aemufNyD; oHa,mZOfvJ
]]vkyfjyefNyD araruvJ orD;raeYuvJoifwef;rwuf&bl; ck&uf
&Sdw,f}}
ydkif;oifwJh oifcef;pmawGu t&rf;tBuD;BuD;aewmarar&JUNyD;awmh tpfudk
]]0rf;omvdkufwm uav;&,f}}
&JxufatmifwdkYu {nfhonfrSr[kwfwm}}
OD;aysmf&iT jf cif;rsm;pGmjzifph um;yGiu
hf ,
kd v
f ;kH av;udo
k rd ;f usKH;NyD; aEG;axG;
]][kwfom;yJ tefwD&,f uRefawmfwdkYtwGufeJY pum;yGifhoifwef; ysuf
wif;MuyfpGmayGUzufxm;vdkufonf/
aeyghr,f nDrav; pum;yGifhoifwef;wufygap}}
xdkodkY &Sifrif;ndK\ aEG;axG;pGmzufxm;aom aEG;axG;rItMuifem
a'gufwm&Jxufatmif pum;yGifhESihfolrararqDodkYavQmufvm&if; ajym
rsm;upum;yGi&hf ifxu
J ESv;kH om;wpfcv
k ;kH tcspfawGjynfo
h mG ;ovdk cHpm;
vdkufygonf/ pum;yGifh a'gufwm&JUxufatmifudktBuD;BuD;aus;Zl; wifrd
&onf/
tcef;quf0wK&n
S f
onf/ 'DaeYroGm;vdkYrjzpfay/ oifwef;wpf&ufysufrSmxuf OD;qDoGm;zdkY
]]OD;udk pum;yGifht&rf;cspfw,f ajymrjywwfatmifcspfw,f}}
ysufuGufrSm pdk;rdygonf/
]]wu,fyJvm; pum;yGifh&,f}}
ckcsdefqdk OD;pum;yGifhudk arQmfaeOD;rSmjzpfonf/
]]wu,fcspfwmygOD;&,f pum;yGifhav OD;tcspfawG arQmfvifhcJhwm
]]rif;wdkYu wpfcgwavvmwmav olu {nfhrcHbJoifwef;oGm; vdkY
MumygNyD}}
b,fjzpfrvJ}}
]]b,favmufawmifMumcJhovJ uav;&,f}}
pum;yGifhtem; a'gufwm&JxufatmifvmxdkifNyD; pum;yGifhudkNyHK; rsufvTmwpfcsufvSefMunfhum
]]oHk;ESpfausmfqdkwJh tcsdefumvBuD;udkpum;yGifh pdwf&Snf&SnfeJYapmifhpm;cJh&wmyg}}
pum;yGifhacgif;uav; cspfpzG,fvSef;ykwfvdkuf&if;
]]oHk;ESpfausmf}}
]]uRefawmfwdkYu {nfhonfrS r[kwfwm {nfhcHp&mrvdkygbl; tefwD&,f nDrav;pum;yGifhoifwef;rSm
&Sifrif;ndK vufoHk;acsmif;axmifjyum pumyGifh udk,fvHk;oG,foG,f av;ukd olU&ifcGifxJ xyfrHqGJ,layGU
oifcef;pmawG aemufusaeyghr,f nae nDrav;pum;yGifh oifwef;ujyefvmrS uRefawmfwdkYtjyifwpfck zufxm;vdkufygawmhonf/
ckoGm;pm;Muwmaygh/ [kwfNyDvm; nDrav;}}
tcef ; (7)
]]armif&Jxuf rif;nDrudk rif;yJtvdkvdkufodvm;}}
wpfaeY . .
]]&ygw,ftefwD uJ nDrav; pum;yGifh oifwef;oGm;awmhav aemufusaeOD;r,f}}
]]OD; . .}}
]][kwfuJh aus;Zl;wifygw,f tpfudk&Jxufatmif}}
]][m . . pum;yGifha&mufvmNyD}}
arar pum;yGifhwdkYtem;rSm xGufoGm;onf/
]][kwfw,fOD; . . 'DaeYvnf; pum;yGifhvmwmaemufusjyefNyD;OD;&,f}}
]]pum;yGifh}}
]]&ygw,fuGm . . }}
]]&Sif . . .}}
]]OD;b,foGm;rvdkYvJ}}
]]tpfudk vdkufydkYay;&rvm;}}
]]OD; bD,m oGm;aomufrvdkYuGm tJ'g pum;yGifhvdkufrvm;}}
]]ae ae&w,f tpfudk&Jxufatmif pum;yGifholi,fcsif;wpfa,mufudk 0ifac:p&m&Sdao;vdkY oGm;awmh
]]vdkufr,f oGm;aomufav}}
r,faemf}}
pum;yGifh acgif;av;apmif;iJhumtNyHK;csKdcsKdav;jzifh rqdkif;rwGjyefajymvdkufygonf/
ajymNyD; pum;yGifh &Jxufatmiftem;rSxGufoGm;onf/ xdktcsdef
]]pum;yGifh vdkufr,faygh/ wu,fvdkufrSmvm; uav;}}
]]cPaeygOD;pum;yGifh}}
pum;yGifh acgif;qwfceJndwfjyonf/ OD;ESifhwpfcgrSpum;yGifhtjyifroGm;zl;yg/ ckrS OD;ESifhtwl tjyifoGm;&
pum;yGifh rvHkrvJjzpfum a&SUqufroGm;bJ acgif;iHkY&yfaerdonf/
rnfqdkawmh pum;yGifh MunfEl;aysmf&Tifrdygonf/ odkUaomfvnf; pum;yGifh MunfEl;aysmf&TifrIu aygufuGJ
]]ckwpfacguf pum;yGifhMunfh&wm wpfrsKd;yJ}}
xGufrvmyg/
]]&Sif . . .}}
]]pum;yGifh vdkufr,fqdk aumif;aumif;rGefrGefodum&Sd&Sd [dkw,fqdkifBuD;awGukdyJoGm;rSmyg}}
pum;yGifh atmifEIwfcrf;av;zdudkufxm;&if;rS rsufvHk;av;jyL;0dkif;us,foGm;&onf/
]]&ygw,f OD;b,fudkyJoGm;oGm; pum;yGihf OD;aemufudk vdkuf&Jygw,f}}
]]pum;yGifhudk ckwpfacgufMunfh&wm wpfrsKd;yJvdkY tpfudkuajymwm}}
Munfhaeaom rsuf0ef;wdkYudk rsufvTmcsum ajymvdkufonf/
]]r[kwfygbl; tpfudk&Jxufatmif xifvdkYjzpfygvdrfhr,f pum;yGifhut&iftwdkif;ygyJ}}
vG,t
f w
d rf S tzGit
hf ydwZf pfuav;udk [d[
k 'kd 'D u
D ikd u
f m zGiv
hf u
kd yf w
d v
f u
kd v
f yk af eonf/ pum;yGihf rsufEmS ESihf
]]r[kwfbl; pum;yGihfckwpfacguftpfudkwdkYvmwm tpfudkwdkY a&Smifz,f a&Smifz,fvkyfaeovdkyJ tpfudk vIyf&Sm;rIrSeforQudk pl;pl;pdkufpkduf &Sifrif;ndKMunfhvdkufygonf/ 'Dawmh . . .
pdwfxJrSmvJ wpfrsKd;yJ}}
]]OD;udkpum;yGifh,Hkygw,f/ OD;eJY b,foGm;oGm; vdkuf&JwJhowdvJ&Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh OD;qDawmif pum;yGifh
]]xifvdkYyg pum;yGifh ra&Smifygbl;}}
vmwmaygh}}
a'gufwm&Jxufatmif acgif;udk jznf;nif;pGmcg&rf;vdkufonf/ NyD;rS
&Sifrif;ndK olU&JUazG;aeaom oGm;rsm;ay:atmif NyHK;vdkufygonf/ pum;yGifh ajymvdkufaom pum;vHk;udk
]]pum;yGifh cgwdkif;xufydkwnfNidrf;oGm;ovdkyJaemf}}
vnf; wtm;oabmusoGm;onf/
]][kwfuJh}}
pum;yGifhuawmh bmrSrawG; oGm;r,fqdk csufjcif;oGm;&rS auseyfol/
pum;yGifha'gufwm&Jxufatmifudk qufjiif;raeawmhyg/ ajymcsif ovdkomajymygawmh OD;qDokdY tjref
xdkYaMumifh . . .
a&mufzdkYyJ pdwfxJrSm&SdaeaomaMumifhNyD;NyD;a&mqdkum acgif;Nidrfh0efcHvdkufawmhonf/
]]vmavOD; oGm;Mu&atmif}}
]]pum;yGifhoGm;awmhr,f oifwef;aemufusaeNyD}}
]]tdkau . .vm}}
a'gufwm&Jxufatmif pum;pudkjzwfum xdkae&mrStjrefqHk;xGufcJhonf/ OD;arQmfaerSmav . ./
pum;yGifhESifh &Sifrif;ndK ESpfa,mufom;um;jzifh [dkw,fwpfckodkYvmcJhMuonf/
OD;aeaom wdkufuav;qDa&mufawmh tay:xyfodkY pum;yGifh tjrefajy;wufcJhonf/ OD;udk ililidkifidkifBuD;
[dkw,f\ pm;aomufcef;wpfckjzpfaom tcef;wpfcef;udk,lum ESpfa,mufom;xdkifvdkufMuonf/
xdkifaewmawGU&onf/ pum;yGifhwufvmwmudkrjrifay/ tayguf0rS&yfum pum;yGifhvSrf;ac:vdkufonf/ aemufNyD; &Sifrif;ndK bD,mrSmvdkufonf/
]]OD; . .}}
]]pum;yGifhaum bmpm;rvJ bmaomufcsifrvJ ajymavOD;rSmvdkufr,f}}
idkifaeaom &Sifrif;ndK toHpmpmav;aMumifh qwfceJacgif;armhvmonf/
]][ihftif; pum;yGifhudkbmrSrrSmeJY pum;yGifhbmrSrpm;bl; aomufvJraomufcsifbl;}}
]]pum;yGifh uav;}}
pum;yGihf acgif;&rf;umjiif;vdu
k o
f nf/ xdaYk Mumifh &Sirf if;ndKbmrSqufrrSmawmhbJ olBudKufaom bD,mESihf
xdkifae&mrSm qwfceJ xrwfwyf&yfvdkufonf/
tjrnf;aomufaeavonf/
pum;yGifh OD;qDajy;oGm;um OD;&ifcGifxJ ajy;0ifvdkufonf/ &Sifrif;ndKpum;yGifhudk tvdkufoifhzufxm;
&Sifrif;ndK bD,maomufwmudk pum;yGifhai;Munfhaerdonf/ xdkodkY ai;Munfhae&if;jzifh
vdkufonf/ cPMumawmh wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf wif;MuyfpGm;zufxm;&mrS jyefcGmvdkufonf/
]]OD; }}
]]&Sifrif;ndK &ifawGwtm;ckefaeonf/
]][if bmvJ pum;yGifh bmajymrvdkYvJajymav}}
pum;yGifhvnf; &ifckefEIef;jrefaeonf/
]][dk OD;wdkYorD;wdkY pum;yGifhwdkYqdkwm vlawG&JUtrnfemr udk,fhtrnfudk,fhxnfhajymwm vlwdkif;ac:
ESpfa,mufom; wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf rsufvHk;jcif;tMunfhjcif;qHk;Muonf/
ajymaeMuw,f/ vlawGtrsm;BuD;ac: ajymaeMuw,f tJ'Dawmh . . .
&Sifrif;ndK pum;yGifhvufuav;udk zspfqkyfudkifvdkufonf/ olr pum;yGifh vufuav;awG at;puf
vufnKd;av;ESifh arhaphudkaxmufcg pum;yGifhajym&if;jzifhpOf;pm;aeonf/
aeonf/
]]tJ'Dawmh bmjzpfvJ pum;yGifh&JUOD;udk ajymjyprf;ygOD;}}
]]pum;yGifh}}
]]tJ'aD wmh vlawG trsm;BuD;ac:wm rac:wmxuf olrsm;ac:vdYk vdu
k af c:&wm rsKd;BuD;u raumif;ygbl;/
]]OD;}}

a&SUwpfywfqufzwfay;yg&ef/

17

jrefrmEkid if v
H ;kH qkid &f me,fpyfawmifwef;a'o
omoemEk*[
toif; A[kOd u|rS

&JabmfoHk;usdyf0if AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;ausmfaZm &ufvnfqGrf;uRrf;jyKvkyf

&efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;omoemEk*[toif; tcrJhukodkvfjzpf
aq;ukoa&;tzGJY0ifrsm;tm;*kPfjyK

jref r mEd k i f i H v H k ; qk d i f & max&0g'Ak ' b momtzG J Y c sKyf E S i f h e,f p yf

awmifwef;a'o omoemEk*[A[kdOu|rS &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;
omoemEk*[toif;rS zGifhvSpfaom tcrJhukokdvfjzpfaq;ukoa&;
tzG0YJ ifrsm;tm; *kPjf yKyGt
J crf;tem;ukd atmufwb
dk mv(1)&uf nykid ;f u
u&0dwfeef;awmf usif;yjyKvkyfonf/

tcrf;tem;wGif a&S;OD;pGmjrefrmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&m ax&0g'Ak'bmom

tzGJYcsKyfESifh e,fpyfawmifwef;a'o omoemEk*[toif; A[kdOu|
a'guf w mcif a &T u tzG i f h t rS m pum;ajymMum;NyD ; 'k w d , Ou |
OD;ausmfcifjrifhu aqmif&GufcJhNyD;aom ukodkvfjzpfaq;ukoa&; vkyfief;
tpDtpOfESifh qufvufaqmif&Gufrnfhvkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;ukd &Sif;vif;
wifjyonf/ qufvuf A[kdOu| a'gufwmcifa&Tu aq;ukoa&;
tzG J Y a cgif ; aqmif a'guf w m,k Z eapmjrif h a'guf w mcif o ef ; EG J U ES i h f
tzGJY0ifwkdYtm; *kPfxl;aqmif&ifxdk;wHqdyfESifh *kPfjyKrSwfwrf;vTmukd
ay;tyfcsD;jrifhonf/
,if;aemuftrsdK;om;vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fa'gufwmjrihfMunf?
jrefrmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&m ax&0g'Ak'bmomtzGJUcsKyfESifhe,fpyfawmifwef;
a'o omoemEk*[toif;taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;? omoemawmf
xGe;f um;jyefyY mG ;a&;OD;pD;Xme TeMf um;a&;rSL;csKyf OD;Edik af tmifEiS hf wm0ef&dS
olrsm;u aq;ukoa&;qkdif&mtzGJY0if q&m0efrsm;? aq;0g;uRrf;usif
olrsm;? olemjyKrsm;ESifh tzGJYtwGif;a&;rSL;wkdYtm; *kPfxl;aqmif&ifxkd;
wHqdyfESifh*kPfjyKrSwfwrf;vTmrsm;ay;tyfcsD;jrifhNyD; aq;ukoa&;tzGJY
acgif;aqmif a'gufwm,kZeapmjrihfu aus;Zl;wifpum;ajymMum;onf/
ukokdvfjzpfaq;ukoa&; tpDtpOftjzpf &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;
ckdif(4)ckdif&Sd NrdKUe,f(7)NrdKUe,frS bkef;awmfBuD;oifynma&;ausmif;
rsm;wGif tcrJh vkdufvHukoay;cJhjcif;jzpfaMumif;od&onf/

18

&efukef? atmufwdkbm(16)
wkwfjynfolU orwEdkifiH ulrif;NrdKU? aq;Hk(2012)ckESpf? atmufwdk
bm(10)&uf? eHeuf(3)em&DwiG f uG,v
f eG o
f mG ;cJah om Akv
d rf LS ;csKyfa[mif;ausmfaZm
tm;&nfpl;um &efukefNrdKU? prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f? ajrmif;jrvrf;? trSwf(30)wGif
aexdkifonfh usef&pfolrdom;pk0ifrsm;u &ufvnfqGrf;auR;trQay;a0jcif;udk
usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/
&Jabmfo;kH usdy0f if Adv
k rf LS ;csKyfa[mif;ausmfaZm\ &ufvnf qGr;f auR;odYk
Edik if aH &;orm;rsm;? Ekid if aH &;ygwDEiS hf &Jabmfo;kH usdy0f ifro
d m;pkrsm;wuf a&muf
cJhMuonf/ AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;ausmfaZmruG,fvGefrDNyD;cJhonfh pufwif
bmv jrefrmEdkifiHodkYjyefvmNyD; a&Twd*Hkbk&m;zl;ajrmfcGifh&&efqE&Sdae
aMumif; owif;rsm;xGufay:cJhovdk jrefrmEdkifiHwGif&Sd EdkifiHa&; orm;
rsm;uvnf; &JabmfoHk;usdyf0if(2)OD;omusef &Sdawmhonfteuf wkwf
jynfwGifNyD;cJhonfh ppftpdk;& vufxufrSpum EdkifiHa&;cdkvIHaeaomAkdvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;
ausmfaZmudk jyef vmapcsifcJhMuonf/ ,ck tcsdefwGif &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifAdkvf&JxG#fwpfOD;omusef&Sd
awmhonf/
AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;ausmfaZmuG,fvGefonfhaeUwGif '*kefwm&muAdkvfrSL;csKyfausmfaZmfonf vlxkudka&m? jynfolawGudka&m?
zdk;pdkif;
wdkif;jynfudka&m? dk;dk;om;om;cspfwJh? Nidrf;csrf;a&;udkvdkvm;wJh ppfAdkvfcsKyfwpfOD;jzpfygw,f[krSwfcsufjyKcJhonf/

,ciftywfrStquf

olu NyHK;NyD;? ]][kwv

f J [kww
f ahJ umif aumifrav;awmhrw
S rf w
d ,f
. . .ighawmh rrSwfrdbl;}}[k ajymonf/ uRefawmfhudk acgif;&if;txd
qufac:oGm;&if; ]]rif;ige,fom;bJuGm igwwfEkdifoavmuf apmihf
a&Smuf&rSmaygh}}[kajymum acgif;&if;bufwiG f ae&mcsay;onf/ wpfywf
tcefYtMumwGif tcef;xJrS xkwfNyD;taqmifxJavQmufoGm;cGifh&onf/
uRefawmfwYdk t&ifa&mufaeonfah usmif;om;rsm;ESihf uRefawmfwYkd ppfacG;
rSxu
G v
f monfah usmif;om;rsm;tcsif;
csif;awGUqkHrdwfqufMuNyD; pm;tkd;
wGJvkdufMuonf/ axmifxJwGif
tnDGwfqkH;rS ausmif;om;rsm;
jzpfMuonf/ tajctaet&yf&yfudk
vnf; csufjcif;SdEdIif;Muonf/
t&ifa&mufaeonfh ausmif;
om;rsm;rSm rtlyifrS udk
aomif;at; (pdwfynm
ausmif;om;? R. A. S. U )?
udkouf0if;atmif(IMII)? yJcl;
rS udw
k w
d (f pdwyf nmausmif;om;)?
jrihfOD;(pD;yGm;a&;wuodkvf)? udkat;
k m'Ge;f atmif
ausmfav;(R. A. S. U )? udo
(Oya'? R.A.S.U)? udv
k aS tmif(R.I.T)wkYd
jzpfMuonf/ udkom'Gef;armif?
udkjrihfOD;ESifhudkat;ausmfwkdYrSm
rIid ;f &mjynfo
h ydwrf jS zpfNy;D usef
ausmif;om;rsm;rS OD;oefY
psmyeaumfrwD0ifrsm;jzpfMu
onf/ ,cktcg udkaomif;
at;rSm(N.L.D {&m0wDwidk ;f ?
pnf;) jzpfaeNyD;? udkwdwfrSm
wkdif;e,fpyf(AAPP)a&mufaeonf/
ntdyv
f sifv(l 200)ausmfcefY acsmifacsmif tdyEf idk f
aomae&mukd tusOf;om;wpf&mausmfudk Muyfoyf
tdycf idk ;f onf/ teYt
HY oufrsm;rSmraumif; tusOf;om;trsm;pkrmS
0JpGJaeonf/ axmifwGifvlppfNyD;ta&twGufudk axmifydwf
oHacsmif;acgufNyD; wef;pDxidk &f mrSjzKwfNyD; vGwv
f yfpmG aecGi&hf onf/
pum;ajymoHrsm; wa0ga0gjzifh blwmkHwpfckrSmvkdvkd? oabFmwpfpif;
ay:a&mufaeovkdcHpm;&onf/ n(9)em&Dxkd;
vQif tdyfcsdefay;onf/ tif;pdefaxmifrS vl
(7000)ausmf&adS om axmifBuD;jzpf te,fe,frS
ukef;vrf;? a&vrf;jzifhydkYaom tusOf;om;t0if
txGuf tcsdefjynhf&Sdaeonf/ xkdokdY vlopf
0ifvmpOf? Al;rS a&wGuf pm&if;rukdufygu
rnfonhftcsdefjzpfjim; . . .}}ta&;ay:wef;pD
r,fa[h}} [kqkdvQif wwkdufvHk;wef;pD vlppfcH
Mu&onf/ vlta&twGufudkufrS oHacsmif;
acgufNyD; wef;jyefjzKwfay;onf/ wpfcgw&H
wpfnwnf;(3)BudrfcefYxkdifay;&onf/
reufvif; axmifyGifhNyDqkdvsif wef;pDvlppf
Muonf/ reufcif; tdrfomwuf&onfrSm i&J
wpfckyif/ rdvmaxmif[kac:aom trkd;om&SdNyD;
tumr&S d o nf h a e&mwG i f td r f o mxm;onf /
tkwfcJrsm;ay:wGif tdrfomukdifNyD;aq;vdyfray;
EkdifvQif udk,fhrdvmukd,fusHK;&onf/ tumt&H
r&Sd ab;csif;,SOfxkdif&onf/ aq;vdyfESpfvdyf
ay;&onf ]]&S,f}}cef;vnf;&Sdonf/
uGeu
f &pftw
k cf (Hk 2)ckMH um;wGif *efzvm;xm;Ny;D ? 'l;qpfcefx
Y d *keef t
D w
d f
umay;xm;onf/ uRefawmfwkdYausmif;om;rsm;udkawmh aq;vdyf,l
avhr&Sdyg/ rdvmaqmifteD; o&ufyifrsm;atmufwGif [if;csuf&onf/
&THUap;ESifh qHyifrsm;jzifh a&me,fum rD;zkdvkyf&onf/ qHyifrsm;udk
qHyifSyfbkwfrS&onf/ ajrrD;zkdxJwGif xif;p? aq;vdyfwkdESifh zkdBuD;rS
0,fonfrh ;D aoG;rsm;jzifh csufMuonf/ tif;pdeaf xmifukd armfpuk[
d ak c:NyD;
axmifwiG ;f ypn;f vJv,
S af &;ud&,
d mrsm;jzpfaom EGm;aq;vdy?f ewfom;
aq;vdy?f caygif;? 'l;,m;pD;u&ufwu
Ydk kd armfpudk a':vm[kac:Muonf/
taqmifrsm;rSm aps;qkdifcef;vnf;&Sdonf/ axmif0ifpmrSygvmaom
iydaMumf? xef;vsuf? rkefYtrsdK;rsdK;wkdYESifh axmifrSay;aomiydukdjyefaMumf
onf/ <uufuif? [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;udk csufNyD;a&mif;onfh aps;qkdif
wef;rsm;&Sdonf/ aps;aumuf EGm;aq;vdyf(2)vdyfay;&onf/ kH;cef;u
,ljcif;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwkdY ausmif;om;rsm;vnf; aemufykdif;wGifaps;
a&mif;cJ&h onf/ a&aEG;udBk udK vufzufajcmufcwfum cGuaf o;(2)vdy?f
tm;enf;aomtaqmifrS ausmif;om;&Jabmfrsm;twGufESifh emrusef;
aq;kHwwfaom EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;twGuf cGJjcm;ykdYay;&onf/
xrif;[if;rSm wkdufxuftvGefqkd;0g;onf/ xrif;udk oHjym;0kdif;
a*:jzifh cyfxnfhay;onf/ yJ[if;vmvQif kH;cef;ESifh wef;pD;(tcef;vl
BuD;)? bkwfxkdif(tvkyftzGJYacgif;aqmif)? p.u.x rsm;wdkYu t&if
pdwfwkdif;uscyf,lonf/ kd;kd;tusOf;om;rsm;twGuf ta&BuJom usef
onf/ ravmufvQifa&at;rsm;a&m a0onf/ iydpdrf;udk wkwfacsmif;
jzifh aumfay;onf/ yef;uefjym;,l xrif; ]]aemuf . . .wpfwef;x}}

[kqkdvQif xvmNyD;a&pnfxJrSm yef;uefjym;,lxrif;a0&mae&modkY

wpfO;D pDomG ;&onf/ a&csdK;vQifvnf; wef;pDwidk x
f m;NyD; cGuaf pmih&f onf/
opfom;Zvm;rsm;kdufxm;NyD; xkdZvm;jzifh cyfcsdK;&onf/ a&uef*g,m
(a&uefbw
k x
f idk \
f vufaxmuf)u a&uefabmifay:wGif Budru
f idk &f yfae
NyD; ]]cyfwpfcGuf . . .cyfwpfcGuf}}[k atmfay;onf/ nDnmpGm
cyf&onf/ atmfoHESifh rukdifvQif? cGufykdcyfvQif tay:rSBudrfjzifhpD;kduf
onf/ (3)cGucf sdK;NyD;vQif ]]cGucf s acs;wGe;f }}[katmfonf/ cGucf sqyfjym

tydik ;f (10)
rS m tusOf ; om;wpf O D ; vQif wpf y wf w pf c g
vufESpfvkH;cefY qyfjymwpfwkH;&onf/ t0wf
avsmfcsdefrSmvnf; acs;wGef;&yfxm;csdefjzpfonf/
wpfOD;vQif (6)cGufcsKd;&onf/ a&r0olrsm;u
olrsm;csdK;aevQif aemufuuyfxkdifNyD; usvm
aoma&udkcHcsdK;&onf/ a&00csdK;vkdvQif xrif;
00pm;vkdvQif? t0wfavQmfvkdvQif oufqkdif&m
bkwfxkdifESifh axmifrSL;udkvmbfxkd;&onf/
axmiftac: ]]vkdif;0ifonf[kac:onf/ tcef;
xJae&maumif;tdyfvkdvQif tcef;vlBuD;udk
ykdufqHay;&onf/ a&csdK;csdefwGif t0wfcRwf
xm;NyD; wef;pDxkdifaeaom tusOf;om;rsm;rSm
a&r0? xrif;r0ojzifh tom;ta&rGJajcmuf
jymESrf;aeonf/ 0Jrsm;rSmvnf; vlwkdif;vkdvkd
&Sdonf/
tif;pdefaxmifxJwGif tqkd;&Gm;qkH;udprSm
vdifwlqufqHonfhudp jzpfonf/ udprSm
axmiftwGi;f wGif (Semi Official)jzpfaeonf/ axmifOya'(Burma Sail
G rhf jyKaomfvnf; axmiftmPmykid rf sm;u rodcsif
Manud )t& w&m;0ifci
a,mifaqmifaeonf/ t"du usK;vGefolrsm;rSm if;wkdY\ vufukdif
wkwf wef;pD;? bkwfxkdif? tcef;vlBuD;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ tusK;vGefcH&
olrsm;rSm rdef;rvsm(Gay )rsm; r[kwfMu/ trsm;pkrSm t&G,fra&muf
ao;onfh uav;rsm;jzpfonf/ rdef;rvsmrsm;udk wkdufxJwGifxm;onf/
taqmifwGifrxm;/ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif uav;oli,frsm; tufOya't&
axmifxJwGif ,cift*Fvdyftpkd;&ESifhygvDrmefacwfu uav;aqmif
rsm;&SdNyD; oD;jcm;xm;onf/ taqmif(4)rSm Juve Mile [kac:onf/
pmwef;BuD;xGif;xm;onf/ r.q.vacwfwGif Oya'udk rvkdufem/
(16)ESpfatmufuav;jypf'Pfusrsm;udk vlBuD;rsm;ESihfa&mxm;onf/ xkd
uav;rsm; kyf&nfoem;urm;uav;i,frsm;udk twif;tMuyfukdif
kdkufESufNcdrf;ajcmufjcif;? acsmharmhzsm;a,mif;jcif;wkdYjzifhodrf;oGif;onf/
axmifxJaeorQ olwkdYvufuajy;rvGwfEkdif/ tEkdifusihfonfudk wkdif
vnf; r&/
uRefawmfwkdY ykHpHcef;xJaepOfu? rdvmbkwfxkdifrSm tHhausmf[kac:
onf/ uRefawmfwkdYu ]]csD;rif;BuD;(King of Stool)[kac:onf/ wpfaeY
wGif OD;ae0if;\ tdrfawmfvkHNcHKa&;wyfzGJUrS ppfom;wpfa,mufwyfajy;rI
jzifh axmifusvmonf/ axmif(6)vusvmonf/ t&yfaxmifaxmif
armif;armif;? AvawmihfawmifhESihfjzpfonf/ ar;kd;av;a'gifhBuD;ESifh
jzpfonf/ olUtouf(20)cefY&Sdrnf/ olUudk tHhausmfu oabmusonf/
]]awmpy,fav;}}[k emrnfay;xm;onf/

awmpy,fav;udk ykHpHcef;&Sd tcef;pma&;ESifhaygif;um tHhausmfu

olUrdvm bkwx
f t
J vkycf o
JG nf/ rdvm cGurf sm;oGecf idk ;f onf/ aq;ckid ;f onf/
tvkyfNyD;vQif rdvm0kdif;awmfom;rsm;u ykHpH0kdif;jyonf/ rdvmacsmif[k
ac:aom ae&mac:oGm;NyD; ykHpHtar;tajzvkyfonf/ bmvkyfovJ[k
ar;vQif ppfom;[k ajzonf/ ppforD;[k ajymif;ajzckid ;f onf/ ppforD;[k
rajzrcsif; zaemifhjzifhayguf? om;a&jym;jzihfkduf? 'l;ESifhwkdufum 0kdif;
xkd;BudwfMuonf/ 0g'grsm;uvnf; bmrSrajym . . ./ ab;rS tusOf;
om;rsm;vnf;bmrS rwwfEkdifMu/
xrif;auR;csdefwGif xrif;udk ajr
BuD;ay:ykHauR; av;bufaxmuf
pm;ckdif;onf/ NyD;vQif rdvmcGuf
rsm;oGef&? aq;&jyefonf/ (3)
&ufcefMY umaomtcg awmpHy,f
av; vufajrmufoGm;NyD; ]]csD;
rif;BuD; uawmf}} jzpfomG ;onf/
xrif;aumif;? [if;aumif; pm;
&NyD/ aq;kHrS aygifrkefY EGm;EkdY
aomufae&NyD/ bmtvkyfrS
vnf;rvkyf&/ a& pdwfwkdif;
us csdK;Ekid o
f nf/ olUudk rdvm
bkwfwGifpm&if;oGif; tdyf
&mrSmvnf; tHhausmf eHab;
ajymif;oGm;&NyD;/ axmifxJ
wGif
xkdtrsdK;tpm;udk
]]rwf}}[kac:NyD; rwf&Sdae
jcif;udk rwfarG;onf[k
ac:onf/
axmifwGif
]]taumif } }[k ac:aom
tusOf;om; vufukdifwkwfrsm;
avmuwG i f ]]rwf a rG ; jcif ; }}rS m
zuf&Sifjzpfonf/ tcsKyfbufqkdvQif
i,f&G,folrsm;udk kdufESufodrf;oGif;um ]]rwf}}
vkyfckdif;NyD; Zdrfcef;ozG,f zGifhpm;onfyif&Sdonf/ axmif
wGif;wGif ]]r,m;xd"m;Munhf}}r[kwf/ ]]rwfxd oHjym;
Munhf}}jzpfonf/ wpfa,mufrwfudk wpfa,mufMumckdvQif
pnfykdif;oHywfjym;udk aoG;xm;onfh axmifwGif;jzpf"m;jzifh
xkd;um ajz&Sif;Muonf/ tif;pdefaxmifwGif udpjzifh rMum
cPvlowfMuonf/
axmifwGif;wGif aq;kHwuf&efrqkdxm;bd? aq;cef;jyocGifh&&efyif
rvG,f/ ae&mwGifvnf; vmbfay;vmbf,l&Sdonf/ aq;cef;vkdfufvkd
vQif ? ab;em;[lonfh cGifh&vdkvQif? aq;kHwufvdkvQif? aq;kHpm;
xrif;ESihf tom;[if;? qefjyKwf? EGm;EkaYd ygifrek &Yf vkv
d Qif yku
d q
f aH y;&onf/
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;uawmh omreftusOf;om;rsm;xufrvG,fulyg/
uRefawmfaq;kHwufpOfu jrifawGYcJh&aom jzpf&yfwpfckonf ,cktcsdef
txd ESvkH;tdrfwGif;0,fpGJwifaeonf/ (1978)ckESpf 'DZifbmvtwGif;u
jzpfygonf/ jynf e0if;&Jbufpcef;rS &Jbufajy;rsm;udk jyefoGif;vm
aomaeY &mESihfcsDaom &Jbufajy;rsm;udk (5)a,mufwpfwGJ oHajcusOf;
cwf x m;onf / taqmif a yguf 0 rS 0 if v monf / &J b uf a jy;rsm;ud k
p.u.xrsm;u Budrfrsm;jzifh w&Trf;&Trf;qD;kdufonf/ (5)a,mufwGJxm;
ojzifh wpfa,muf tdro
f moGm;vQif useforl sm;u twGv
J u
dk o
f mG ;&onf/
tdyf&mwGifvnf; cufcJvSonf/ a&mracwfZmwfum;rsm;rS uRefrsm;ESifh
wlonf/ xkdaeYu uRefawmftpmtdrfa&m*gxojzifh wef;ydwfcgeD;tcsdef
wGif aq;kw
H ifonf/ uRefawmfwuf&onft
h cef;rSm tay:qk;H xyfa&SUqk;H
tcef;jzpfonf/ ukwiftvk;H (200)cefw
Y iG f vlemtjynf&h NdS yD; usefvel mrsm;
rSm Murf;jyifay:tdyfcJh&onf/
uRefawmfu tpGefqkH;ukwifwGifae&m&onf/ uRefawmfwufNyD;
(2)&ufcefYtMumwGif ]]bDol[m}}trnf&Sd ukvm;tzkd;tdkwpfa,mufn
BuD;wGif aq;kHa&mufvmonf/ olu uRefawmfhab;Murf;jyifay:wGif
tdy&f NyD; tzk;d BuD;rSm tust0wftpm;ryg/ npfax;aeaom 'kw
d t
D xnf
0wfxm;onf/ tkd;ay:ta&wif ydefuyfaeonf/ touf(70)ausmf
NyD[k od&onf/
bDol[m F.R.C tdEd,trsdK;om;jzpfonf/ rlvjypfrIudkawmh uRef
awmfrod/ aq;wku
d v
f Qif olyY g;pyfrS jyeftefonf/ Drip oGi;f awmhvnf;
toGif;rcHkef;uefaeojzifh 0kdif;zdcsKyfxm;NyD;oGif;&onf/ uRefawmfwkdY
tcef;\ tusOf;om;aq;rSL;rSm udkatmifcifqkdoljzpfonf/ olonf
r*Fvm'kHaq;wyfrS axmifusjcif;jzpfNyD; 'kt&mcH[kxifonf/ bDol[m
a&mufNyD; 'kw,
d nwGif nnf;nLNyD;vl;vSrd ahf eonf/ udak tmifcifuawmh
Blood Pressur csdefawmh ZD;kd;jzpfaeonf/ udkatmifcifu aq;rSL;wyf
MuyfBuD;Munfarmifudk owif;ykdYonf/
]]q&mMunfarmif;? bDol[mawmh B. P (0) jzpfaeNyD }}
OD;Munfarmifu [m 'gqkd&if &efukefaq;kHBuD; (R.G.H)udk Refer
xkwfavuGm[k ajymonf/
rjzpfbl;xifw,fq&m tjyifrSm odyfat;w,f/ 'Dtcsdefxkwf&if
tbk;d BuD; at;wmeJY um;ay:wifaooGm;vdrrhf ,f/ um'rku
d af v;wpfv;Hk
avmufxkd;xm;NyD; reuf(8)em&DavmufrS xkwf&ifawmh touf&Sifr,f
xifw,f}} wyfMuyfBuD;Munfarmifu cPawGNyD;pOf;pm;aeonf/ olwdkY
ESpfOD;onf uRefawmfh ukwifeHab;wGif tcsDtcsajymaejcif;jzpfonf/
qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

19

aejynfawmfokdYajymif;a&TUusif;ycJhonfh kyf&Siftu,f'rD (jrefrmhkyf&Sifxl;cRefqk) yGJawmfukd 2011ckESpf

twGuf aejynfawmfwiG f usif;yawmhrnfr[kwb
f J &efuek Nf rdKU ay:wGijf yefvnfusif;yrnfqjdk cif;u owif;xl;
jzpfonf/
aejynf a wmf t u,f ' rD u k d crf ; em;BuD ; us,f p G m qef ; jym;pG m usif ; yaecJ h & mrS jyef M um;a&;0ef B uD ; Xme
jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm; tajymif;tvJwGif topfjyef vnfzGJUpnf;vmaom jrefrmEkdifiHkyf&Sif
tpnf;tkH;\ 2 Budrfwkdifwkdifawmif;qkdrIt& &efukefNrdKUwGif kyf&Siftu,f'rDyGJukdusif;yrnf[k od&Sd
vm&jcif;rSmaumif;aomvuPm jzpfonf/
aejynfawmftu,f'rDonf rif;aejynfawmfwGifusif;yjcif;jzpfaomfjim;vnf; oufBuD;kyf&Siform;rsm;
kyf&Sifynm&Sifrsm;? c&D;vrf;yef;tcuftcJaMumifhoGm;vmae xkdif&onfhtcuftcJrsm;aMumifh vlpkHwufpkH
&Guu
f ek zf iG
hf rqifEEJT idk cf o
hJ nfrmS Mumjrifch NhJ yDjzpfonf/ rif;aejynfawmfwiG u
f sif;yonfh aejynfawmf tu,f'rD
yGJwufa&muf qifETJ&ef kyf&Siftpnf;tkH;tygt0if kyf&SiftEkynm&Sifrsm; owif;rD'D,morm;rsm;onf
rif;aejynfawmfoYdk tvk;H t&if;ESio
hf mG ;a&muf&ojzifh aiGuek af Mu;usvnf;rsm; pGmukeMf ucJ&h onfrmS txift&Sm;
jzpfonf/ rif;aejynfawmfokdYoGm;a&muf&onfh um;c? pm;p&dwf? aexkdifwnf;ckdpm;&dwfrsm;um; renf;vSacs/
rif;aejynfawmfwGif aejynfawmftu,f'rDusif;yaomtcg kyf&SifoufBuD;0gBuD; trsm;pkrSm usef;rma&;

20
20

t& touft&G,ft& wufa&muf*kPfjyKcsD;jrifhEkdifjcif;r&SdonfhtwGuf kyf&Siform;rsm; pkHpkHvifvifESifh

rusif;yekdifcJhonfrSmvnf; ESpftwefMumcJhNyDjzpf onf/
,ck tu,f'rDudk rif;aejynfawmfro
S nf &efuek q
f o
D Ydk ky&f iS o
f rm;trsm;qk;H yg0ifqifEEJT idk &f ef a&TUajymif;
usif;yawmhrnf[k oufqkdif&mrSowif;xkwfjyefcJh&m kyf&Siform;rsm;? owif;rD'D,morm;rsm;twGuf
0rf;ajrmufzG,fowif;jzpfvmcJhonf/ &efukefwGifusif;yonfh tu,f'rDonf rnfokdYaom tu,f'rDtcrf;
tem;rsKd;jzpfrnfqkdjcif;um; pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&mjzpfonf/ &efukefkyf&Siftu,f'rDukd ok0Ptm;upm;kHwGif
usif;yrnfvm;? okw
Yd nf;r[kwf ykrd u
dk s,fjyefpY mG ok0Ptm;upm;uGi;f wGiu
f sif;y rnfvm;qkjd cif;um; pdw0f ifpm;
p&mjzpfonf/ 'Drkdua&pDacwfajymif;awmfvSefa&;umv wGif usif;yrnfh &efukeftu,f'rDtcrf;tem;onf
vufrw
S af &mif;csrnfh tcrf;tem;rsKd;vm;okw
Yd nf;r[kwf 'Dru
dk a&pDbufawmfom;rsm;? ky&f iS o
f &l aJ umif;rsm;ESihf
usif;y rnfh tcrf;tem;rsKd;vm; qkdjcif;uvnf; pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;vSacsonf/
rnfokdYjzpfap 'Drkdua&pDacwfajymif;awmfvSefa&;umvwGifusif;yrnfh &efukef tu,f'rDonf ykHpHcGuf
OcGaH [mif;xJu cGx
J u
G u
f m orm;d;k usykaH oenf;twkid ;f usif;yrnfh tu,f'rDtcrf;tem;rsKd;xuf 'Dru
dk a&pD
t*Fg&yfESifhtnD vGwfvyfyGifhvif;pGmusif;yonfh tu,f'rDtcrf;tem;rsKd;usif;yrnfqkdygu ta[m0w
aumif;avpGwnf;/

21

t,f'DwmwpfOD;
q&mNidr;f at;tdrrf S pmrlwpfy'k yf cYdk o
hJ nf/ taemufbufww
H idk ;f
okdY vSrf;Munfhjcif;pmrljzpfonf/ tqkdygpmrlukd vufcH&&SdpOfu
pmaypdppfa&; ukdwifjy ykHESdyfxkwfa0& aomumvjzpfojzifh
q&mNidr;f at;tdr\
f pmrlrmS tjzwftawmfrsm;pGm&Scd o
hJ nf/ pma&;
q&mBudK;yrf;tm; xkwfxm;onfh "mwfykHrsm;? tcsuftvuf
rsm;pGmwkdYrSm pmaypdppfa&;\ "m;oGm;atmufokdYa&muf&SdoGm;cJh
&onf/ onft
h wGuf q&mNidr;f at;tdru
f dk tm;em aomfvnf;
bmrSrwwfEidk /f xko
d Ydk pmaypdppfa&;ukw
d ifjyNyD;rS ykEH ydS af zmfjycJh
&aom q&mNidrf;at;tdrfpmrlonf pmaypdppfa&;rS wif^
xkwfrS xkwfwifokdY ajymif;vJavQmh csay;vkdufaomtcg
t,f'Dwmh wm0efvkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;jzpfoGm;cJh&ayawmhonf/
okdYaomf okreausmrSm 'Pf&mawGtjynfhjzpfaeaom
t,f'Dwm onf owdraumif;&Sm? av;oHMum;wkdif;
aMumuf'l;wkefae&oljzpf&um q&mNidrf;at;tdrf\pmrlrS
tcsuftvuftcsKdUukd yk'fr 505(c) (*)wkdYESifh NidpGef;
rnfpkd;aomaMumifh rvGJomra&Smifom jzKwfy,fcJh&jyef
onf/ onft
h wGuf q&mNidr;f at;tdr\
f arwmyko
Yd rIudk
cHcJh&acsonf/
xkdumvwGif owdaumif;aom xkwfa0ol ay:aygufvmcJh
acsonf/ ref;acsmif;pmayrS tqkdygpmrltm;xkwfa0vkdufjcif;jzpfonf/
owdaumif; vSaypGwum;? onfhtwGuf q&mNidrf;at;tdrfrS ol\
pmtkyfwGif trSmpma&;om;aomtcg
vkyfief;obm0t& uRefawmfhwpfaeYwm\ em&DtcsKdUukd On Line
ay:wGif owif;zwfIjcif;? owif;rsm;ukd qufpyfwkdufqkdifMunfhjcif;?

tcsuftvuf&SmazGpkpnf;jcif;rsm;twGuftokH;jyKaeonfrsm ESpftwef
MumNyDjzpf\/ xkdtajctaeaMumifhvnf; tGefvkdif;jrefrmhvlrItpktpnf;
t0ef;t0kdif;wpfckxJwGif rdwfaqGta&twGuf axmifBuD; *Pef;wpfck
jzpfvmonftxd pD;arsmyg0ifaejzpfygonf/
&v'ftjzpf uk,
d rhf sufpad &SUwGi(f rSejf cif;? rSm;jcif;? jrefjcif;? 0g;jcif;?
vrf;vTJ jcif;? &nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&Sd axmufcsufqifjcif;? pnf;kH;jcif;? aoG;
cGJjcif;? aMumfjimjcif;? tykyfcsjcif;? <um;0gjcif;? ukd,f&nfaoG;jcif;?
y&[dwvkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Gufjcif;? owif; vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Gufjcif;
ponfh oabmobm0rsm;ygaom) owif;&if;jrpfrsm;aygif; rsm;pGmwkdY
rdepfykdif; puefYykdif;twGif; woGifoGif wjzwfjzwfpD;qif;aeonfukd
awGUjrif zwfIcGifh&aecJhawmhonf/
2012ck? arv 28&ufwGif &ckdifjynfe,f? ausmufjzLckdif? &rf;NAJ
NrdKUe,f? ausmufeDarmfaus;&Gmtkyfpk? oajyacsmif;aus;&Gmae roDwm
axG;tm; t"rusifhvlowfypnf;vkrIjzpfyGm;cJhonf[laom owif;
wpfyk'f onf tGefvkdif;pmrsufESmrsm;ay:wGif xGufay:vmcJhonf/
tcif;jzpfcJhtNyD; av;q,fh&Spfem&DcefYtwGif; owif;wkd owif;&Snf
rsm;? "mwfykHrsm;? a0zefcsufrsm;? aoG;xkd;rIrsm;? uefYuGufoHrsm;[kdrS
onfrSyGufavmdkufx<uvmcJh\/ tHhMozG,faumif;onfrSm tifwmeuf
r&Sdaom aus;&Gmav;wpf&GmqDu (Munfhjrif rdolwkdif;ukd aMuuGJa'go
xGufapEkdifonfh) aoG;tvdrf;vdrf;jzifh aoqkH;aeaom roD wmaxG;\
"mwfykHrsm;onf tifwmeufpmrsufESmrsm;xHokdYjrefEIef;jrifhpGma&muf&Sd
ysHUyGm;vmcJhjcif;jzpfrnfxifonf/
ZGefv 3&ufwGifoHwGJ-awmifukwfum;vrf;qkHwGif rGwfqvif
bmom0ifq,fOD; owfjzwfcHcJh&rIjzpfyGm;cJhonfh owif;ESifh "mwfykHrsm;
onfvnf; em&Dykdif;twGif; uifqmqJvfrsm;ozG,f tifwmeuf pmrsuf
ESmrsm;ukd ysHUESHYukyfwG,fxm;vkdufawmhonf/
(xkdowif;ESpfyk'f tifwmeufay:wGif jrefqefpGmysHUESHYvmjcif;aMumifh
vnf;aumif;? tifwmeufukdtokH;jyK aoG;xkd;vHIUaqmfcJhMujcif;aMumifh
vnf;aumif; &ckid t
f a&; rD;awmufBuD;onf vQifjrefjyif;xefpmG awmuf

22
22

tzGUJ tpnf;tcsKdU\ ]vlUtcGit

hf a&;? vlom;csif;pmema&;wGif A[kjd yKxm;
aom tjrifrkefwkdif;}
kd[if*smtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifhkd[if*smvlrsKd;rsm;\ ]vlYtcGifhta&;tvH
aemufwGif ajcukyf,l&if;? olwkdY&yfwnf&Sifoefa&;tay: A[kdjyKxm;
aomrkefwkdif;}[lonfh rkefwkdif; BuD;okH;vkH;jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;yifv,fjyifwGif
jyif;jyif;xefxefxdkdufaeaom tajctae jzpfonf/
ZlvkdifvxJwGifawmh rGwfqviftokdif;t0kdif;u jrefrmEkdifiHtay:
qefYusifrIrsm; ykdwkd;yGm;vmcJhonf/
rwlnDaom tjrifrsm;atmufwGif jiif;y,fjcif;? qefYusifjcif;wkdY
onf obm0uspGm&Sdaernfjzpfonf/ &SdaezkdYvnf; vkdtyfygonf/
okdYaomf jzpf&yftajctaetrSef wpfckwnf;ay:rlwnfNyD; rwlaom
oabmxm;rsm;&Sdjcif;? qefYusifuefYuGufrIjyKjcif; rsm;onfom bufESpf
bufvkH;twGuf w&m;rQwrI&Sdrnfjzpfonf/ ykHzsufxm;onfh tjzpf
tysufrsm;? vdrn
f mxm;aom taxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh qefu
Y sifjcif;onf
rQwrIr&Sdonfhenf;vrf;? uvdefuuspfatmufwef;usaom enf;emrsm;
jzpfonf[k ,lqygonf/

rGwfqvift0ef;t0kdif;BuD;aom EkdifiHtcsKdUwGif &ckdifjynfe,fta&;

tcif;twGuf jrefrmEkdifiHtay: uefYuGufMuonf/ Budrf;armif;Muonf/
Ncdrf;ajcmufMuonf/ EkdifiHawmforw"mwfykHukd rD;IdUjcif;? EkdifiHawmftvH
ukd ajcjzifeh if;ajcjcif;? rD;IUd zsufq;D jcif;? jrefrmhoH ;Hk rsm;ukd Ncdr;f ajcmufjcif;?
usL;ausmf0ifa&mufjcif;? jynfya&muf &ckdif trsKd;om;rsm;tay:tMurf;
zufjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfvmcJhMuonf/
xkdyGJrsm;wGif urmht&yf&yfrS tajctaetaMumif;aMumif;aMumifh
aoqk;H ae&rI "mwfyrHk sm;ukd taxmuftxm;ozG,u
f idk af qmif xkyd rHk sm;
onf jrefrmjynfwGif &ckdifvlrsKd;rsm;u (okdYr[kwf) Ak'bmom0ifrsm;u
vlenf;pkrGwfqvifbmom0if kd[if*smrsm;ukd vlrsKd;wkH;owfjzwfaeMu
aom "mwfykHrsm;jzpfygonf[k rsuf&nfvnf&TJ urmh vSnfhikdyGJqifMu
aomtcg xkdolwkdYonf uRefawmfwkdYwkdif;jynf\ tcsKyftjcmtmPmukd
apmf um;Ncdrf;ajcmuf vmaeMujcif;jzpfonf[kcHpm;vm&aomtcg
uRefawmf wkEYd idk if t
H ay: *sD[wfppfyJG qifErJT nf[k &mZoHjyKvmaomtcg
MoZm&Sdaom tzGJUtpnf;BuD;wcsKdUuyif &ckdiftrsKd;om;wkdY\ orkdif;
ouf&SnfMum vGef;pGmxd&ScJh&aom pdwfcHpm;rItajctae? vuf&Sdb0
tajctaeukd rMunfhbJ (okdYr[kwf) rodbJESifh bufwpfbufwnf;
ta&;ukdom nmwmjznfhqnf;ay;ae [ef? toHrsm;? owif;rsm;?
Mum;jrifvm&aomtcg ]taemufbufwHwkdif;okdYvSrf;Munfhjcif;} ukd
a&;om;jzpfygawmhonf/
&nf&G,fonfrSm ESpfaygif;&mcsDwkdifatmif &ckdifwkdif;&if;om;wkdY cHpm;
emusifaecJh&rIrsm;? jrefrmhtaemufbufwHcg;\ rvkHNcHKcJhrI? rvkHNcHKae
rIrsm;? wm0ef&dS tkypf ;dk oltqufquf\ jznfq
h nf;ay;jcif;? umuG,af y;
jcif;rcHcJh&rIrsm;ukd jrifaxmifhwpfckrS odjrifapvkdaomaMumifhjzpfygonf/
pmtkyfonf &ckdifwkdif;&if;om;wkdY\yckH;tay:? ESvkH;om;tay:
ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm av;vHyu
d saeonfzh t
d m;rsm;ukd &wwfoa&GUpkpnf;azmfjy
jcif;wm0efukd xrf;aqmifxm;jcif;omjzpfonf/
&ckid w
f idk ;f &if;om;wkEYd pS af ygif;rsm;pGmcHpm;cJ&h aom ]pdwt
f em}? ]orkid ;f
tem}? ]b0tem} wcsKdUwpf0ufukd azmfjyxm;jcif;omjzpfonf/
orkid ;f qkid &f m tcsuftvuftcsKdUESihf tifwmeufay:wGif awGU&Sad e&
aom owif;wcsKdUukd csdwfqufjyxm;jcif;rQomjzpfonf/
rdrdjrifMum;zwfIcJh&aom (rD'D,mrsKd;pkHuazmfjycJhNyD;onfh) tcsuf
tvuftcsKdUukd jrif? od? Mum;&onft
h wkid ;f wifjyvku
d jf cif;omjzpfonf/
jyem\ xGufaygufvrf;ukd nTefjyxm;jcif;r[kwf/ ykpmwpfyk'f\
tajzukd wGufcsufjyxm;jcif;r[kwf/ ,ckjyemonf bmoma&;
jyem vkH;0r[kwf/ vlrsKd; wkH;owfjzpfjcif;r[kwf/ vlrsm;pku
vlenf;pkukd EkdifhxufpD;eif;jyKrljcif;r[kwf/
pm\ &nf&G,frIvm;&mwGif bmoma&;cGJjcm;rIryg? vlrsKd;a&;
cGjJ cm;rke;f wD;rIryg/ jyemtpukd trQifrjywfqx
JG w
k v
f adk om? rD;awmuf
ukd ykdrkdBuD;xGm;vmapvkdaom vIHYaqmfrIrsm;ryg/
2012&ckdifjynfe,fwGif ay:aygufcJhaom ta&;ukd EkdifiHta&;?
vlrsKd;ta&;? tcsKyftjcmtmPmta&;jzpfonf[k Ijrifonf/
vlom;csif; pmemaxmufxm;&rnf[laom tjrifonf jzpfay:
awmufavmifcJhNyD;onfh jyemukd ajz&Sif;csdef (jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;
umvwGif) tokH;jyK&rnfh vufeufud&d,momjzpfonf/ jyem
ay:aygufvm&m\ ZmpfjrpftwGuf vufndK;xkd;&rnfh tjrifr[kwf/
vlom;csif; rpmem raxmufxm;Mu ta&;tcif;BuD; ay:aygufvm
cJh&onfr[kwf/

pm(25)okdY

aMumufwwfwJU t,f'Dwm
raMumufwwfwJU xkwfa0ol

avmifcJh&onf[laom aumufcsuf tcsKdUxGufay:cJhonf/ jynfytajc

pkdufjrefrmrD'D,mwcsKdUu jrefrmtifwmeufokH;pGJaeolwkdYukd vufndK;
xkd;jypfwifa0zefrIrsm;jyKcJhMuonf/
xkd,lqcsuf rSm;,Gif;aeygonf/ xkdowif;wkdYonf uGef&uf
qufEG,fae&m wpfurmvkH; twkdif;twmxd a&muf&SdNyD; tGefvkdif;
ay:wGif us,favmifaomtoHrsm; xGufcJhMuonf/ tGefvkdif;tokH;jyK
aeMuol buf ESpfbufpvkH;u vIHYaqmfMu? emMunf;Mu? qJa&;Mu?
apmfum;Mujzifh aygufuGJjyMu\/ wpfOD;qkdufukdwpfOD;? wpfOD; Account
ukdwpfOD; tjyeftvSefxkd;azmuf0ifa&mufzsufqD;onfh qkdufbm ppfyGJ
rsm;txdjzpfcJh\/ okdYaomf wu,f ta&;tcif;jzpf
yGm;cJh&m ae&mwkdif;wGif tGef
vkdif; tokH;jyKEkdifolOD;a&
tvGeef nf;yg;vSaMumif;awGU
Mu&rnfjzpfygonf/ tGef
vkdif;ay;rSvIHUaqmfrI\ouf
a&muf & me,f y ,f usOf ;
ajrmif; vGef;vSaMumif;jrif&
rnfjzpfonf/ 0rf;enf;zG,f&m
xk d j zpf & yf t wG u f &S n f v sm;
vSaomorkid ;f aemufct
H aMumif;
&if;rsm;uom t"duavmifpm
qDjzpfcJhonf[k ,lqygonf/)
awmif u k w f j yemBuD ;
tNyD;wGiaf wmh 2012ck&ckid f ta&;
tcif;owif;rsm;onf qlemrDvidI ;f
wpfck ozG,f w
k cf snf;jyif;xefvpS mG
kef;<uay:xGufvmcJhonf/ trsKd;
om;a&;e,f y ,f ? bmoma&;e,f
y,f? EkdifiHa&; e,fy,f? tkyfcsKyfa&;
e,fy,ftoD;oD;ay:okdY em*pfrkefwkdif;
vkdt&Sdef
t[kefrsKd;jzifh wkdufcwfaecJhawmhonf/
owif;vIdif;vkH;BuD;atmuf owif;rkefwkdif;BuD;atmufwGifyif
bmhaMumifh? bmhaMumifh? bmhaMumifh[laom tar;rsm;jzifh jrifjriforQ
&ckdifowif;rsm;ukd qufpyf? csdwfquf? a&G;^y,f? csifhcsdef&if; t&Sdef
t[kefjyif;vSaom em&Daygif;rsm;pgmukd cPav;twGif;jzwf ausmfaerd
onf / xk d t csd e f u srS uRef a wmf h w G i f &ck d i f v l r sKd ; ES i f h y wf o uf a om
tcsuftvuf? todtrSwf? tzwftjyK awmfawmfenf;aeao;aMumif;
*kjyKrdonf/
uRefawmfh\wm0efrauscJhrItwGuf &ckdifwkdif;&if;om;rsm;ESifh&ckdif
&JabmfrdwfaqGrsm;tay: tm;empdwfrsm;ay:aygufae&if;? &ckdiforkdif;
ukv
d nf; tvSr;f rDorQ &Smzwfaerd\/ rnfonfx
h ifjrifcsuf? a0zefcsufrQ
uRefawmfray;jzpf/ xkdta&;wGif uRefawmfhtoHrsm; qdwfNidrfvGef;
vSonfh tckduftwefYjzpfonf/
ZGefv 10&ufaeYnwGif tGefvkdif;ay:wGifyif&if;ESD;cifrif&if;nDvkd
wlvkdjzpfaeaom pifumylu ukdNzdK;u pmwkdav;wpfapmifykdYvmonf/
olYpmwGif ,ckjzpfay:aeaom &ckdifta&;ESifhywfoufNyD; uRefawmfh
oabmxm;tjrifukdodvkdonf/ vlxkMum;wGif uRefawmfhtjrifwpfckck
vnf;0ifajymoifhNyDxifonf[kygonf/ olYpmukdzwfNyD;onfESifh csufcsif;
yif atmufazmfjyyg uRefawmfhtjrifukd vufwef;csa&;vkdufNyD; olYqD
jyefykdYvkdufrdonf/ ykdYNyD;onfESifh olYxHokdYjyefMum;vkdufaom tcsufrsm;
ukdyif uRefawmfh Status ay:wGif csufcsif;wif tifwmeufrdwfaqG
rsm;udktoday;vkdufjcif;tm;jzifh rkefwkdif;xJokdYckef0ifjzpfvkdufonf[k
trSwftom;jyK&rnfjzpfonf/
pOf;pOf;pm;pm;awG;awG;qq a&;ay;vkdufcsif;r[kwfbJ xkdtcdkuf
twefYav; uRefawmfhpdwfxJ&Sdaeonfhtjrif (xkdtcsdefu jzpfay:
aeaom pdwfcHpm;rI oufoufvnf;jzpfEkdifonf) ukd rdepfykdif;twGif;
wkHYjyefazmfjyjzpfcJhaom rdwfaqGtcsif;csif; ay;pmxJrS uRefawmfhoabm
xm; tcsuftvufrsm;rSm1/ kd[if*smonfwkdif;&if;om;r[kwf/
2/ aygufuGJaeaomolwkdY vlOD;a&twGufajccsp&m wpfae&mukd
tonf;toef vkduf&Smaeolrsm;omjzpf/
3/ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;u &ckdifajray:wGif tjrpfwG,fzkdY BudK;pm;
aeolrsm;ukd uRefawmfwkdYEkdifiHtpkd;&rif;tqufqufu jywfom;pGm
rukdifwG,fEkdifcJhjcif;\ &v'frsm;jzpf/
4/ vuf&SdjzpfysufaerIrsm;aemufuG,fwGif tiftm;BuD;rm;aom
tiftm;pkwpfpk&Sd? a&&SnfpDrHudef;jzifh aiGtm;? vltm;? pnf;kH;a&;
tif t m;rsm;ok H ; NyD ; AsL[majrmuf q if E T J a eaom vI y f & S m ;rI j zpf [ l
jzpfonf/ (taemufbufwHwkdif;okdY vSrf;arQmfMunfhjcif;ukd a&;jzpfaom
tcg rdwfaqGwpfOD;xH vQyfwpfjyufa&;ykdYjzpfvkdufaom pmwkdav;yg
tcsufrsm;onf axmufwkdifrsm;ozG,f axmufwG,fyg&Sdvmonfukd
awGUjrif&onf)
tifwmeufpmrsufESmrsm;? ykHESdyfrD'D,mrsm;? toHvTifrD'D,mrsm;?
owif;pmrsm;wGif &ckdifrkefwkdif;onfvnf;aumif;? &ckdifrD;awmuf
onfvnf;aumif;t&SdefjrifhwufaevQuf &SdNrJ&SdaeqJ/
uRefawmfowdjyKrdoavmufqkdvQif jynfwGif;vlxk\ ]trsKd;om;
a&;ESiehf idk if H tcsKyftjcmtmPmta&;wGif A[kjd yKxm;aom tjrifrek w
f idk ;f }
jynfya&mufEkdifiHa&;tokdif;t0kdif;u ArmtcsKdU (Armpm? Arm
pum;tokH;jyKaeaom rD'D,mtcsKdUtygt0if) EkdifiHjcm;wkdif;jynftcsKdUESifh

,ciftywfrStquf

rdrdwkdYrSm axmif0ifpmqkdwmvnf; bmrSef;rodMuao;&m axmifyHkpHESifh avG;aeMu&\/ okdYaomf wdkufxJ

aecJhMupOfu pm;cJhMu&aom xrif;? [if;? ig;ydwkdYESifh qDESifha&uGmonf/ xrif;uvnf; rjzLrndK? yJ[if;rSm
vnf; tcGHrcRwfyJ r[kwf? ukvm;yJ? El;El;eyfeyf qDa0ha0hESifh/ wpfaeYwavwGif tkef;EkdYeHYyif oif;ae\/
xrif;vmykdYaom tjym0wfawGukd ar;Munfh&m EkdifiHa&;EG,folawGrkdY qDpyg,f&S,fauR;onf[k ajym\/
tkef;EkdYeHYarT;aejcif;rSm acG;ao;yef;&Gufxnfhcsufxm;[kajym\/ ig;ydaMumfuvnf; qDcRJcRJESifh/
tay:(4)cef;wGif rdrw
d q
Ydk Ejytvkyo
f rm;rsm;&Sad eMuonfuo
dk
d atmuf(4)cef;&Sd avmifppf[efwt
Ydk zGUJ u
nrSmqufoG,fvmonf/ ]]cifAsm;wkdY axmif0ifpmvnf;r&Muao;awmh aq;vdyfaomufMu&rSmr[kwfbl;/
Murf;cif;rSm t&ifval wGvyk o
f mG ;wJt
h aygufawGu&dk mS Munf/h tJ't
D aygufu BudK;csvdu
k ?f uRefawmfwYdk aq;vdyf
ay;r,f? uRefawmfwkdYu reufjzef axmif0ifpmvmawmhr,f}}[k ukd;uefYwkwfawGu ryDuvm yDuvmESifh
tusOf;om;csif; ukd,fcsif;pmajymonf/
olwkdYajymonfrSmrSef\/ Murf;cif;jyifukdvdkuf&SmMu&m vufndK;? vufrtaygufawGukdawGUonf/ jcif
axmifBudK;tykdif;tpawGukdquf atmufukdcsay;vkduf&m aq;ayghvdyfawGukd BudK;pwGifcsnf wifay;
Muonf/ rdrdwkdY &efukefaq;ayghvdyfvkd wkdwdkr[kwf/ anmifa&Taq;ayghvdyf[kajym\/ wpfxGmausmfausmf
&Snfonf/ ukd;uefYrdwfaqGrsm;qDu aq;vdyf&NyD/ rD;uawmh wdkufrSmvkd rcJ,Of;/ tjyifpBuwGif vmapmifh
tdyfaeMuaom bm,mqkdonfhtaumifawGqD awmif;&onf/
avmifppf[efwkdYtzGJU reufrkd;vif;awmh axmif0ifpmoGm;awGUMuonf/ vlwpfa,mufvQif awmif;BuD;
wpfvHk;pD xrf;csvmMu\/ xkd awmif;xJwGif bJuif? acgufqGJxkyftpkd? tajcmuf? yvwfpwpfxkyfxm;
aom aygifrkefY? aq;vdyf? yef;oD;? ig;aowm? iSufaysmoD;? 0uftlacsmif;? aq;vdyf? udwfrkefYtpkd? tajcmuf?
EkdYqD? oMum;? a[mvpf? tkdAmwif;? trJaMumfponfjzifh awmif;BuD;wpfawmif;vHk;tjynfhygonf/ olwkdY
pm;aomufaeMuonfukd rdrdwkdY qefjyKwfvkyfom;awGrSm aq;vdyfawmif;aom ysOfcif;taygufu MunhfNyD;
om;&nfwjrm;jrm;jzpfaeMu&\/ avmifppf[efurl olUawmif;ukd olrxrf;/ 0gwmwpfa,mufu aemufu
xrf;NyD;ygvmonf/ xkd0gwm avmifppf[eftdrfu jyefxGufvmaomtcg yef;oD;u b,fwpfvHk; nmwpfvHk;
abmif;bDtw
d af wG? tustw
d af wGvnf; azmif;vmonf/ rdrw
d t
Ydk ay:(4)cef;u vSr;f Munfv
h Qif avmifppf[efEiS hf
ocifp;dk BuD;wkYd oD;oefx
Y m;aomtdru
f jdk rif&onf/ a&Munftidk rf mS vkyd if tif;pdeaf xmifBuD;xJrmS vnf; oD;oeft
Y rd f
ESihf taumifAavmifawGux
dk m;\/ avmifppf[efwt
Ydk zGUJ uawmh axmif0ifpmvmvQif pm;ruke?f aomufruke?f
uRefawmfwkdY awmfvSefa&;orm;BuD; ocifpkd;url rnfokdYpm;aomufaeonfrod? t&if;usrf;BuD;ukd axmif
xJwGif bmomjyef&if; tdrfywfywfvnfrSm olukd,fwkdifpkdufxm;aom BuHukdckwfNyD; axmif0ifpmvmolwkdYukd
ay;onf[k 0gwmawGuajymonf/
wpfaeYrSm 0gwmawGu pm&if;vmaumufonf/ tdrfuygvmaom aiG? azmifwdef? em&DponfwkdYukd
a&;rSwfonf/ rdrdaiGxJrS bm0,fcsifoenf; 0,fay;rnf[kajym\/ xkdtcg rdrdtygt0if aiGygvmolrsm;u
rdrw
d iG f aiGb,fa&GUb,frQygaMumif;ajym aq;ayghvyd ?f aq;jyif;vdy?f xef;vsuf? yJavSmf ponfwrYdk mS Muonf/
tpkd;&xkwfr*Zif;vnf; 0,fzwfcGifh&Sdonfqkdojzifh jr0wD? aiGwm&D? r*Zif;awGyg rSmvdkufMuonf/ vkyfom;
jynfoUl aeYpOfowif;pmuawmh uk;d em&DavmufrmS vmay;wwfonf/ okaYd omf axmif0efxrf;wpfO;D OD; vmbfay;
vmbf,lESifh tjypfay;ta&;,lcHxm;&aomowif;rsKd;ukdrl uwfaMu;ESifhuGufSyfNyD;rSay;onf/
axmifu 0,fay;ygrnfqkdaom iSufaysmOD;? xef;vsuf? yJavSmf? aq;vdyfwkdYrSm
rdrdwkdYaxmif0ifpm&NyD;rS a&mufvm\/ xkdtcg ykdvQHaomypnf;rsm;ukd axmifouf&Snf
AyutrnfcH wkwfawGukd ay;Muonf/ olUcrsmrsm; aus;Zl;wifojzifh a&csKd;qif;wkdif;
rdrw
d u
Ydk dk 0HapGU0HapGUvkyMf uonf/ oufawmf&mausmf&n
S yf gapwJ/h ausmfjrifh Akwf aumifu
]]rif;tb 0HapGUvm;? axmifxyJ J rif;
wkdY toufwpf&maeMu/ igwkdYu
reufjzefvGwfawmhr,f}}[kajym\/
pHyernfaom 0wpfa,muf vli,f
rSmrl wkwfpum;? jrefrmpum;? 0
pum;vnf;wwfojzifh olEiS ahf y;&onf/ pHyerSm axmif
rnfrQMumaeNyDrod/ axmifrSL;0gwmawGESifh &if;ESD;NyD;
axmifxJwGif avQmufoGm;aecGifh&aeonf/ ol Auy
awGESifh tif;pdefaxmifpa&mufwkef;u (13)ESpfom
&Sdao;onfqkd\/ tck toufESpfq,fausmfNyD/
tjyifuv
dk w
T v
f u
kd v
f Qifvnf; b,fro
S mG ;wwf
rnf h o l r [k w f & m axmif t mPmyk d i f r sm;u
vnf;awmufwkdr,f&ckdif;NyD;vTwfxm;onf/
olUukd rdrdwkdYu tpu ]]psmye}}[k
aemufac:ac:Muonf/ aemuf wcsKdUu
v0[kvnf;ac:Mu\/ psmyeqkdonfrSm
tokb[k oabm&onfukd odoGm;aom
tcg pdwfqkd;NyD;oHk;av;&uf tcef;a&SU
rvmbJaeonf/ xkdtcg olUukd axmif0if
pmay; acsmharmhajymum aq;ay;rD;,l
vkyf&onf/ aq;ay;rD;,lomr[kwf a&aEG;
awmif;vQif atmuf 0gwmawG u&m;xJuyif
wpfcGufwav,lay;wwf\/
xkdtcsdefxdvnf; ppfaMuma&;umvum; rNyD;ao;/
A[kdaumfrwD0if pm&if;ESifh ausmfouf? MunfaiGwkdYESifhywf
ouf ar;ppf\/ rdrdrSm olwkdYESpfOD;ESifhywfoufrIr&Sdojzifh
td k u f t ES u f r cH & / ol w k d Y E S p f a ,muf E S i f h ywf
oufolwkdYrSm tdkuftESuf? txkd;
tBudwcf &H jcif;/ yef;cif;aomvrf;ukd
avQmuf&jcif;/ armfawmfqkdifu,f
pD;&jcif;? [,fvDaumfywmpD;&jcif;?
aemufqHk; usdefpufESifh twkdYcHolrsm;yif&Sd\/
yef;cif;aomvrf;qkdonfrSm ausmufcJ? tkd;uGJ? rSefuGJ? ykvif;uGJrsm;cif;xm;aomvrf;wGif
cg;awmif;usKduf av;bufaxmufoGm;ckdif;jcif;ukdqkdonf/ armfawmfqkdifu,fpD;onfqkdjcif;rSm
armfawmfqidk u
f ,fp;D ovkd cg;uke;f um?vufu pD,mwkid u
f u
dk idk o
f vkd a&SUukq
d efw
Y ef;xm;NyD; yg;pyfu
vnf; wAkwfAkwfjrnfckdif;onf/ vSnf;wef;rD;yGdKifhuG bmvkdYqufarmif;wmvJ &yf&w,fuG}}[k dkuf\/ rwf
wyf&yfaejyefvQif ]]rD;pdrf;aeNyD rif;rsufpdrjrifbl;vm;}}[kdkufjyef\/ qufarmif;&\/ ]]ajreDukef;rD;yGdKifhuG
r&yfjyefbl;vm;}}[k dkufjyef\/ taqmifukd jyefykdYvdkufaomtcg rif;om;jrwfav;\ ]]ikd&,fr&
aomrsufESm}}ESifh a&mufvmMuonf/

[,fvDaumfywmpD;Mu&olawGuawmh ajcaxmufwpfacsmif;ukd axmufxm;NyD; aemufwpfacsmif;ukd

ajrmufxm;&onf/ vufESpfzufukd awmifyHjzefYxm;&\/ yg;pyfuvnf; [,fvDaumfywmvkd jrnf&onf/
apmufxkd;qGJcsnf ESdyfpufjcif;vnf;ygonf/ tqkd;qHk;rSm usdefpufESifh twkdYcH&olrsm;yifjzpfonf/ wpfcsufwkdY
vdkufonfESifh wpfukd,fvHk;wkefcgoGm;NyD; owdarhrwwfjzpfoGm;onf/ rwfwyfu wHk;ceJvJusoGm;onf/
(4)aqmiftay:(4)cef;ukd a&mufaeMuNyDjzpfaomfvnf; axmif0ifpmoGm;aomtcg acgif;NrD;NcHKESifhyif
oGm;Mu&wkef;/ oef;acgifpm&if;0ifol tdrfom;ESpfa,mufomawGUcGifh&NyD; rdrdwkdYtm; vmawGUolawGukd wzsyf
zsyf axmufvSrf;a&;u "mwfyHkdkufonf/ rdrdu nDzkd;[efukd tarESifh rif;ESifhtwlaeovm;ar;&m rkd;ukwfu
nDz;dk at;vmac:oGm;NyD[ak jym\/ tarhtwGuaf wmh rdrpd w
d af t;oGm;onf/ rdrw
d t
Ydk m; axmif0ifpmvmawGUoludk
axmufvSrf;a&;u "mwfyHkdkufojzifh b,ftaygif;toif;rS vmrawGU&JMu/ rdrdtdrfom;awGESifh pum;ajymonf
ukdyif vmem;axmif\/
tvkyo
f rm;qEjyrIEiS yhf wfoufaom owif;pmrsm;ukd axmif0ifpmvmaomtcg acgufqx
JG rif;xkyaf wGEiS hf
xkwfay;vdkufMu\/ xkdtcgrS Mu,feDac: ausmfoufESifh vSoef;ac: MunfaiGwkdYukd Auy trmcH ausmdk;rsm;
jzpfMuaMumif; rqvtpkd;&u owif;pmwGif "mwfyHkESifhazmfjyxm;wmawGUMu&onf/
xkdtcg rdrdwkdYtzGJUwGif oabmxm;wpfrsKd;jzpfvmMu\/ EkdifiHawmforwBuD;uvnf; tvkyform;qE
jyrIwGif ajray:ajratmuf tzsuform;rsm;r[kwfbJ dk;dk;om;om; qefudpESifhqEjyaom tvkyform;rsm;
ukd jyefvTwfrnf[k vTwfawmfxJajymonf[kqkd&m axmif0ifpmvmawGUMuaom tdrfu rdom;pkawGrSm
ukMd unfaiG? ukad usmfoufEiS hf ywfoufr&I rdS &Sd pk;d &drw
f BuD; ar;vmMuonf/ olwEYdk pS af ,mufEiS hf ywfoufaevQif
rkcsta&;,lcH&awmhrnf[k pkd;&drfvmMuonf/
tdrfaxmif&SdMuaom tvkyform;tcsKdU\ ZeD;onfrsm;u rdrdwkdY\ vifom;rsm;ukd ukdMunfaiG? ukdausmf
oufwkdYESifh wpfzGJUwpfygwDwnf;vm;[k ar;vmMuonfqkd\/ xkdtcg rdrd\nDjzpfol oHrPdvkyfom; zkd;[ef
uvnf; rdrdukd pdwfrcsovkdar;\/ rdrdu ]]][ igvJ A[kdaumfrwDygwmayghuG? wpfzGJUxJyJ}}[k pdwfayguf
aygufESifh ajymvdkuf&m zkd;[ef rsufESmysufoGm;onf/
tcef;xJwGif av;a,mufwpfpk? ig;a,mufwpfpkpk qEjypOfu rdrdwkdY tvGeftuRHvkyfcJhMuwm?
ajymcJhMuwm &Sd? r&Sd wD;wkd;wD;wkd;ajymvmMuonf/
uk d M unf a iG E S i f h uk d a usmf o uf w k d Y o nf qE j ypOf u
b,fygwD? b,ftzGJUtpnf;awGESifh qufoG,fcJhMu
oenf;[k tcsif;csif; ar;jref;vmMuonf/
trSefu qEjyMu&mwGif ukdMunfaiG? ukdausmf
ouf w k d Y r S m *k e f e D p uf H k A [k d a umf r wD t wG i f ; a&;rS L ;?
pufakH ygif;pHrk mS vnf; 'kOu| twGi;f a&;rSL;wkjYd zpfMu&m
A[kdaumfrwDtm;vHk;ESifhywfoufaeonf/ rdrdwkdY qE
jyMupOfu Auy trmcHjzpfMuaom olwEYdk pS af ,mufrmS
pufHkvkyfom;vli,frsm;ukd wdwfwqdwf uvyfpnf;
awGzGJUNyD; pufHkukd rD;IdUypf&ef? vuf&Sd A[dkaumfrwDukd
tmPmodrf; pufHk vHkNcHKa&;vm,laeMuaom
ppfwyfukd vltiftm;ESifh 0ifpD;&ef BudK;pm;cJhMuonf
[kyif wcsKdUu pGyfpGJvmMuonf/
qEjycJhMupOfu tpkd;&ESifh owif;ay;owif;,l
vkyfonf[k rdrdtm; zrf;qD;&ef? owfrnfjzwfrnf
vkyfcJhMuaom vli,fvkyfom;rsm;rSmvnf; olwkdYESpf
a,muf\vlawG? trmcH uvyfpnf;0ifawG[k
ajym vmMujyefonf/ ukad usmfoufurdk l anmif
wkef;wGif zrf;rdxm;NyDjzpfaomfvnf; MunfaiG
ukdrl ,ckxd zrf;rrdao;/ (vHk;0aysmufoGm;
oljzpf\) tpk;d &u aMunmovkd wu,fyJ Auyrsm;qD
a&mufoGm;NyDvm;? ajy;&if;vTm;&if; aoewfrSefrsm; usqHk;oGm;avyvm;qkd
onfukdvnf; rnfolrQ rodMu&ao;/
rdrdESifhrl pmMunfhwkdufwGif twlvkyfcJhMuoljzpf oHa,mZOf&Sd\/ olUwGif
uav;ESpfa,muf&Sdonf/ olUZeD;rSmvnf; *kefeDpufHktvkyforjzpf rdrdESifh
&if;ESD;onf/ xkdYaMumifh a&MunftkdifwGif tppfcHcJhpOfu ukdMunfaiGESifh
vIid Mf unfwu
Ydk dk umuG,af jymrdojzifh wpfcsuftdu
k cf cH &hJ \/ ]]rif;
u MunfaiGuvyfpnf;xJrSmygwmrkdY umuG,fxGufqkdaewm}}
[kaxmufvSrf;a&;u pGyfpGJonfukd ,ckowd&rdum ]]'Dvl
Auy trmcH [kwfrsm;[kwfaeovm;}}[k awG;rdoGm;onf/
*kefeDpufHkrS qEjyvkyfom;xJwGif *kdPf;*P tuGJawG
ay:vm\/ uRef;jyefOu|jzpfol ukdxGef;pdefESifh ukdapmwkdYrSm
,ck rdrdwkdY(4)aqmifukd a&mufvmMuonfxd rawGU&ao;/
ausmufoufESifhMunfaiGwkdYvkdyif rdrdwkdYESifhuGJaeMuonf/ ukd
xGef;pdefESifh ukdapmwkdYrSm ocifav;armif\ wynfhrsm;jzpfMu
ojzifh ocifav;armif\ ]]b0opf}}tvkyform; vQKdU0SuftzGJU
0ifawG[kqkdMuonf/ ocifav;armif\ vQKdU0Sufxkwfjyefaom
pmwrf;rsm;ukv
d nf; zwfxm;MuolawG/ [kwrf [kwu
f dk ar;&efuvnf;
rdrdwkdY tcef;xJwGifr&Sd/ raem[&DwGif cPomjrifvkduf&NyD; olwkdYESpf
a,mufudk axmufvrS ;f a&;u oD;oefx
Y m;onf/ ocifav;armiftm; tvkyf
orm;qE j yrI E S i f h t pk d ; &u w&m;pG J & mwG i f ol w k d Y E S p f a ,muf u
oufaovdkufae&onf/
A[kdaumfrwD0if OD;aomif;a&Turl olwkdY
av;a,mufukd qEjyMupOfuyif ol&dyfrdonf
[kqkd\/ xkdtcg rdrdwkdY *kefeDpufHkvkyfom;
awGrSm tuGJuGJjzpfNyD; tufoHawGay:vm\/ y&rf;ywm ynmwwf[k rdrdwkdY
tvkyo
f rm;awGu ac:Muaom pma&;BuD;ukad usmfjrifu
h vnf; axmufvrS ;f a&;
wkdY\ avoHukdvdkufum ausmfoufrSm AuywkdY\ ausmdk;trmcHtrSefjzpfonf/ qkdufukdESifh
bGUJ &xm;aom ausmfoufonf ausmufqif;wk acgif;Nidrv
hf matmif tajymaumif;ojzifh tvkyo
f rm;
vli,frsm;ukd pnf;Hk;Ekdifol/ rdrdukdrl ]]rtlrvnf pma&;q&mu ukdxGef;pdefajymckdif;wkdif; tvkyform;
awGukd pufHku at;csrf;pGm xGufcGm Mu&ef oGm;ajym ausmfoufwkdY? MunfaiGwkdY om0uawGqDrSm vlBuD;
rif; towfrcH&wm uHaumif;w,frSwf[k aemufovkdajymifovkd ajymonf/

tydkif;(9)

qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

23
23

pdwfxm;jzLpifqkH;qkudk ykdifqkdifxm;onfU armf',f[efoD

(2012)ckESpf? {NyDvavmufrSm tEkynmavmuudk
t&Sdefjyif;jyif; ESifhajcvSrf;pwifvmonfh
touf(14)ESpfomom&Sdao;onfh
armf',f[efoDESifhawGYqkH&mwGiforD;u tEkynmtvkyfudk i,fi,fuwnf;u
0goemygcJhwmyg/ (2012)ckESpf {NyDvavmufrSm
q&m*RefvGifqDrSm armf',foifwef;wuf&if;
tEkynmavmuxJudk a&muf&Sdvmwmyg/
oifwef;qif;awmh V Fashion qkdwJhyGJudk
0ifNydKifwJhtcgrSm Miss Confidence qkudk
&&SdcJhygw,f/ orD;&JU yxrOD;qkH;ajcvSrf;rSm
qk&&SdcJhwJhtwGuf tEkynmykd;u
t&SdefowfvkdYr&awmhbl;jzpfoGm;w,f/
The Face Shop Top Girl rS
Beautiful Mind (pdwfxm;jzLpifqkH;qk)udk
&&SdcJhygw,f/ Id;yGJvnf; avQmufjzpfw,f?
abvfbkwfeJY ADpD'DawGrSmvnf;
okyfaqmifjzpfcJhygw,f/
NydKifyGJawG 0ifNydKifNyD;aemufrSm
r*Zif;u@awGrSmvnf;
"mwfykHawG
kdufay;jzpfygw,f/
May& Mark u
xkwfwJh jyu'defrSm
kdufay;jzpfygw,f/
tckavmavm
q,fawmh
Photo Model ykdif;
ydkNyD;vkyfjzpfaew,f/
orD;u aMumfjimawGrSm
okyfaqmif&wmydkNyD;
oabmusygw,f/ tEkynmeJY
ywfoufNyD;tawGUtBuHK&Sdatmif
pum;0gokyfaqmif oifwef;
wufcJhygao;w,f/ pE&m;wD;
vnf;oif aeygw,f}}[k
t&yf&Snf&Snfarmf',frav;
[efoDu ajymMum;cJhygonf/
PMMK

&ifaiGYvIH tif;av;azmifawmfOD;
kyf&Sifawmfjrwf
a'opm&D<ucsDylaZmfjcif;
tcrf;tem;usif;y
rdwu
f yfw;kd wd;k OD;pD;usif;yonfh &ifaiGUvIH tif;av;
azmifawmfOD; kyf&Sifawmfjrwfa'opm&D<ucsD ylaZmfjcif;
tcrf;tem;udk(16?10?2012)&uf rS (2?11?2012)&uf
txd trSwf(185^187) r[mAEKvvrf;? (52)vrf;
xdyAf v
kd w
f axmif pmwdu
k af b;? rdwu
f yfw;kd wd;k (tay:qH;k
xyf)? Adv
k w
f axmifNrdKUe,f? &efuek w
f iG f (18)&ufwikd w
f ikd f

usif;yjyKvkyfrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
&ifaiGUvIt
H if;av;azmif;awmfO;D ky&f iS af wmfjrwftm; tif;av;a'o bk&m;yGaJ wmf usif;yonft
h wdik ;f usif;y
jyKvkyfcJhonf/ tvSL&SifrSm uG,fvGefolzcifBuD;OD;om0if;(c)ocifom0if; AsL[mrSL;ArmhumuG,fa&;
wyfrawmf(BIA, BDA)jynfolUbPf'gdkufwm(a[mif;)ESifhZeD; a':cifrr (cifrrESifhom;rsm;ukefya'om)wdkYrS
vGefcJhonfh (1973)ckESpfrSp opmjyKylaZmfudk;uG,fcJhNyD; ESpfpOf"rylZmtpDtpOftm;yGJawmf tcsdef umv
wpfavQmufv;kH usif;ycJ&h m &efuek ef ,ferd w
d t
f wGi;f &Sd NrdKUe,f toD;oD;rS 0wf&w
G t
f zGUJ rsm;rS aeYpOfnae(5)em&DrS
pwifylaZmfvsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/ (16?10?2012)&uf eHeuf(7)em&DwGif xm0& oDwif;oHk;pHawmfrlaom
&wema&TpHausmif;awmftwGif;rS a&Tuvmyfjzifh 'vNrdKUtv,fausmif; y&d,wdpmoifwdkufrS y"meem,q&m
awmf OD;EurS OD;aqmif &wema&TyvifrS yifhaqmifapNyD; u&0dwf a&Tazmifawmf,m,Da&TpHausmif;awmf
twGif;<ucsDvsuf Ak'bdaou taeuZmtrTrf;udk &TwfzwfylaZmfMuNyD; ]]a&Twd*HkapwDawmfjrwf v,fwD
r[mo&P*HkawmfBuD; wnfwHjyefYyGm;a&;tzGJU}}rS v,fwD r[mo&P*Hkjzifh "rylZmobifylaZmfusif;ycJh
onf/ vma&mufz;l ajrmf MunfnKd Edik &f eftwGuf zdwaf c:xm;ygaMumif; rdwu
f yfynm&Siw
f ;kd wd;k rS ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
TTM

24
24

pmayjri whf if vlprG ;f tif(pmzwf? pma&;pGr;f &nfNyKd iyf )GJ pme,fZif;&Si;f vif;yGuJ si;f y
awmf0ifrdom;pk ukrPDrSBuD;rSL;usif;yjyKvkyfonfh pmayjrifhwif vlUpGrf;tif (pmzwf? pma&;pGrf;&nf
NydKify)JG pme,fZif;&Si;f vif;yGu
J kd (15?10? 2012)&uf aeYv,f(1)em&DwiG f &efuek Nf rdKUjynfvrf;&Sad wmf0ifpifwm(5)vTm
usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/ tqdkyg tcrf;tem;odkY q&mcspfOD;ndK? q&mrsKd; jrifhndrf;? OD;udkudkaxG;(awmf0if)?
q&mvif;odkufnGefY(jrefrmajr)? pma&; q&mrrpEmESifh kyf&SifESifhAD'D,dkokyfaqmif aqGZifxdkufwdkYrS NydKifyJGESifh

ywfouf &Sif;vif;ajymMum;cJhonf/ NydKifyGJusif;y&jcif; &nf&G,fcsufrSm ,Ofaus;rIxGef;um; tawG;tac:

jrifrh m;vmaom vlrsKd;wdik ;f wGif pmay ,Ofaus;rIjrifrh m;wd;k wufvmonfukd awGU&ayonf/ pmaytqift
h wef;
jrifrh m; wGiu
f s,fpmG toH;k csEdik jf cif;onf vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;\ tqift
h wef; udk azmfjy&ma&mufayonf/ xdaYk Mumifh
pmayudkjrwfEdk;vmap&ef tav;xm;tokH;cswwfap&ef pmay\tESpfom&udk odem;vnfap&ef vli,f
vl&,
G f rsm;pma&;pmzwf b0todynmESichf pH m;rI&&Sv
d matmif ajrawmif ajrmufay;csifaom &nf&,
G cf sufjzifh
,ckyGJudk usif;yjcif;jzpfaMumif;od&onf/ NydKifyGJ0if pnf;urf;csufrsm;taejzifh yg0if,SOfNydKufolonf touf
(16)ESpfrS (30)twGif;jzpf&rnfjzpfNyD; ydkYpu'fqdk'f(4'x6')"mwfyHkwpfyHk (jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI 0wfpm;qif,ifrI)\
aemufausmwGiftrnf? arG;ou&mZfa&;om;azmfjy avQmufvTmyHkpHESifhtwl rSwfyHkwifrdwLygyl;wGJ wifjy&
rnfjzpfaMumif;? NydKifyJG0ifcGifhtwGuf udk,fwdkifa&;&opmwrf; (Essay)wpfyk'f (twdwf? ypKyef? tem*wf)
acgif;pOfjzifh a&;om;wifjy rnfjzpfNyD; vufa&;rljzifah &;om;&efEiS hf vufEydS pf uf(od)Yk uGeyf sLwmpmvH;k rjzpfap&bJ
(20?11?2012)&uf aemufqHk;xm; NydKifyGJ0ifyHkpHrsm;udkay; ydkY&rnfjzpfaMumif;? jrefrmpum;vHk;tjzpftoHk;wGif
aeaom pum;vH;k toH;k tEIe;f rsm;rSty ,SONf yKd ifryI pJG OfwpfavQmufv;kH t*Fvyd pf um;vH;k toH;k EIe;f ? ta&;tom;
rsm;? jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIEiS hf ravsmfno
D nfph um;vH;k rsm;tm;toH;k rjyK&efEiS hf vlawGUppfaq;aomtcg rdrad &;om;
xm;aom &opmwrf;(Essay)ESifhywfouf udk,fwdkif&Sif;vif;ajymjyEdkif&rnfjzpf aMumif; od&onf/ pmayjrifh
wifvUl pGr;f tif(pmzwf?pma&;pGr;f &nfNydKify)JG wGif csD;jrirhf nfq
h t
kd rsKd;tpm;taejzifh yxrqkusyfoed ;f (30)? 'kw,
d
qkusyo
f ed ;f (20)ESiw
hf wd,qkusyo
f ed ;f
(10)csD;jrifhrnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
NydKifyGJ0ifvdkolrsm;taejzifh avQmuf
vTmrsm;udk awmf0ifpifwm(5)vTm?
tvif;wef;*sme,f(r[mAEKvyef;NcH
vrf;? tv,fbavmuf) jrefrmhajr
pmay( J.7?a&Tykef;nuf&dyfrGef)ESifh
Online rSwpfqifh WWW. tawwin
cetre.com.mm wGif qufoG,f
tcrJh&,lEdkifaMumif; od&onf/
TTM

pm(22)rS t quf
xkdokdYaom ta&;rsm;onf *sDMoarBwDykpmqefonf/ ar;cGef;u ar;aeaom tvkd&Sdaom tajzrSefukd
a&muf&Sdap&eftwGuf ykpmwGif ay;xm;csufr&SdbJ ajzqkdr&/ xkdYaMumifh tajz&Sm&ef rjzpfrae vkdtyfaom
ay;xm;csufrsm;pGmxJrS tcsuftvuf wpfcsKdUwpf0uf\ wm0efukd,lxm;jcif;rQomjzpfonf/
jrefrmekdifiHom;wpfa,muftaejzifh olYrsufpda&SUwGifjzpfysufoGm; aomorkdif;jzpfpOf wpfckESifhywfouf
o,fykd;xrf;&GufEkdifonfh tpdwf tykdif;ao;ao;av;wpfckukdyg 0ifxrf;&GufMunfhonfh tm;xkwfrIwpfck
omjzpfonf/
{&mrjyemopfyifBuD;wpfyif\ uRefawmfvSrf;jrif&aom tukdif; wpfukdif;omjzpfonf/ onfpmxJwGif
vlt
Y cGit
hf a&;udpr yg|Ekid ?f k[
d if*smwko
Yd rkid ;f rSe?f orkid ;f vdru
f pd ZmpfjrpfuspGmrygEkid ?f Ekid if w
H um qufqaH &;ESihf
oHcif;wrefcif;tjrifrsm;rygEkdif? e,fpyfxdpyfrsOf; wpf avQmuf tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;ESifh qufqHa&;taMumif;?
qufqHoifh aom enf;AsL[mrsm;taMumif;rygEkdif? EkdifiHvkHNcHKa&;ESifh umuG,fa&;qkdif &m? tkyfcsKyf a&;qkdif&m
pDrcH sufrsm;taMumif;rygEkid ?f jyefvnfae&m csxm;a&;? u,fq,fa&;? usef;rm? ynm? pD;yGm;a&;twGuaf &&Snf
pDrHudef; Plan rsm;rygEkdif/
pmwrf;ukd (29?7?2011)aeYpGJyg armfeDwm*sme,ftwGJ(2)? trSwf (14)wGif pwifazmfjycJhonf/
(26?8?2012)aeYxkwf trSwf(18)wGif tqkH;owfcJhonf/ pmayvGwfvyfcGifhqkdif&m tajymif;tvJumv\
aemuf q k H ; aeY p G J r sm;uk d jzwf o ef ; cJ h & aompmrl j zpf o nf E S i f h t nD *sme,f w G i f azmf j ycG i f h & cJ h p Of u
tyGef;tyJhtwefi,f&SdcJhonf/
xkyd eG ;f yJjh yKwfxu
G o
f mG ;aom tykid ;f rsm;ukd jyefMunfah omtcg? orkid ;f pmtkyrf sm;wGif ykEH ydS af zmfjyyg&Scd zhJ ;l NyD;om;
tcsuftvufrsm;? tifwmeufpmrsufESmrsm;ay:wGif vlaygif;aomif;odef;csDjrifawGU zwfI cJhNyD;om;
tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh "mwfykHrsm;? AD'D,kdzkdifrsm;jzpfae onfukdawGU&onf/
pma&;olwpfa,muftaejzifh OD;Ekacwfu trSm;ukdazmfjyjzpfcJhrnf qkdvQifonf
bufacwfrsm;wGiaf wGU&aomwdr;f apmif;rIrsm;ukyd g azmfjyyg rSorkid ;f qkid &f mbufvu
dk f jcif;uif;rnf[,
k q
l onf
xkdazmfjycsufonf rSefjcif;? rSm;jcif;? vufndK;xkd;pGyfpGJjypf wifjcif;ESifhoufqkdifaejcif;r&SdbJ jynfolrsm;twGif;
vl Y t zG J U tpnf ; twG i f ; trS e f y if us,f j yef Y p G m a&muf & S d v m cJ h a om owif ; tcsuf t vuf r sm;uk d
(zwfIawGU&Sd&onfhtwkdif;) azmfjy vkdufjcif;rQomjzpfaMumif; em;vnfay;apvkdygonf/ orkdif;[lonf
vQKdU0Suf zkH;uG,fxm;tyfaomt&mr[kwf/ zkH;uG,fxm; r&/ okdodyfzkH; uG,fjypfvkdufvkdonfqkdvQif
xkt
d &monf rk;d om;rIomjzpf\/ vGwv
f yf yGiv
hf if;aom acwfqo
D mG ;&mvrf;wGif uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf k;d om;jcif;
,mOfukd pD;eif;oGm;MuzkdYvkdygrnf/
azmf j yxm;aom tcsuf r sm;onf trS e f r jzpf c J h (ok d Y r [k w f ) rjzpf c J h bl ; onf h t jzpf t ysuf r sm;uk d
csJUum;xm;aomowif;rSm;rsm;omjzpfaecJh onfqkdvQif xkdtaMumif;ukd oufqkdifolrsm;toD;oD;u ajcajc
jrpf j rpf c k d i f c k d i f r mrmjyef v nf & S i f ; vif ; Mu&ef o mjzpf o nf / ok d Y r S o m ork d i f ; rS m ; wif r d j cif ; jzpf & yf r S
a&S m if a oG E k d i f r nf j zpf o nf / yG i f h v if ; jrif o m rI & S d a om tem*wf a eY & uf r sm;qD o G m ;rnf h rk c soG m ;7rnf h
vrf;twGufql;z,f anmifh &Sif;onfh vkyf&yfrSefjzpfrnf[k cH,lygonf/
urmhowif;Xmersm;u vTifhxkwfNyD;om;? tGefvkdif;pmrsufESmrsm; ay:wGif yvlysHaezl;NyD;om; ykHrsm;?
pmrsm;? toHrsm;ukd ykHESdyfrlrQom zwf&rnfh zwfcGifhBuHKBuKufMuonfh pmzwfolrsm;u jrifawGUcGifh? zwfI
cG i f h r &[k q k d v Qif v nf ; obm0rus[k x if y gonf / w&m;enf ; vrf ; ruspG m xk d p mzwf o l w k d Y \
rsufvkH;rsm;ESifhod&Sda0zefykdif;jcm;cGifh rsm;ukd zkH;uG,f ydwfqkdYxm;onfESifhwlayrnf/
xkd,lqcsufrsm;aMumifh yGifhvif;jrifompjyKvmaom&moDwGif xkwf cGifh&onfh ,ck pmtkyfwGifrl
tyGef;tyJhrsm;ukd (rlva&;om;cJhpOfu twkdif;)jyefvnfzmax;azmfjy vkdufygonf/
Nid r f ; at;td r f
pmNyD ; &uf / 2012ck puf w if b m 2&uf /
(02;43)em&D & ef u k e f /
[l azmfjycJah y&m owda umif;aom xkwaf 0ol ref;acsmif; pmaytm; kad opGm OD;nTw*f g&0jyKkrH w
S pfyg;
tjcm;r&SdNyD/
t,f ' D w mwpf O D ;

25

twnfjyKzGJYpnf;rnfU jrefrmEdkifiHynma&;azmifa';&Sif;ESifUywfouf
owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJusif;y

(21?10?2012)wGif twnfjyKzGJUpnf;rnf jrefrmEdkifiHynma&;

azmifa';&Sif; zGJUpnf;aqmuf&Gufa&; &Sif;vif;wifjyyGJudk (13?10?2012)
aeYv,f(2)em&DwiG f &efuek Nf rKdU? ausmufww
H m;NrKdUe,f qdyu
f rf;omvrf;&Sd
*k P f x l ; jref r m pmoif w ef ; cef ; rwG i f usif ; ycJ h o nf / tqd k y g
tcrf;tem;wGif obmywd tjzpf ygarmucsKyfa[mif; a'gufwm

xGe;f cifrS trSmpum;ajymMum;cJo

h nf/ Edik if aH wmfzUHG NzKd;wd;k wufa&; twGuf
ynma&;[mtajccHtus qH;k jzpfw,fqw
kd m b,forl rS jiif;Edik w
f t
hJ csuf
jzpfygw,f/ pmaywwfajrmufjcif;eJYacwfrDenf;ynmrsm; uRrf;usif
wufajrmufjcif;[m wdkif;jynfzGUHNzKdUwdk;wufa&;twGuf tajccHtkwfjrpf
jzpfw,fqdkwmudkvJ tm;vHk;oabmaygufem;vnf NyD;jzpfygw,f/
EdkifiHwumtqifhrDynmwwfrsm;enf;yg;rI&Sdaeovdk xl;cRefxufjruf
aomfvnf;ausmif;qufrwufEdkifolawG? ausmif;vHk;0raeEdkifolawG
trsm;tjym;&S d a eygw,f / wcsd K Uqd k & if a usmif ; vH k ; 0 rwuf E d k i f
wJhtxdjzpfaeygw,f/ txl;ojzifhaus;&Gmrsm;eJY awmifwef;a'ou
uav;i,f a wG r S m trsm;qH k ; BuH K awG U ae&ygw,f / bmaMumif h
ausmif;vHk;0rae EdkifovJqdkwmudk avhvmqef;ppfMunfhwJhtcgrSm
(1)rd b &J U pD ; yG m ;a&;tajctaet&ausmif ; rwuf E d k i f w m&,f
(2)wuf & r,f h ausmif ; uaexd k i f w J h t d r f ? &G m eJ Y a 0;uG m vG e f ; aewm
awG a Mumif h j zpf w mud k a wG U &S d & ygw,f / 'D t ajctaerS m ynma&;
azmifa';&Sif;awG? ynma&;qdkif&mtoif;tzGJUawG? yk*vduapwem&Sif
awGtaeeJY wpfzufwpfvrf;uulnDr,fqdk&if &nf;rSef;csufudktjref
qHk;aygufajrmufEdkifvdrfhr,fvdkY,HkMunfygw,f/ 'gaMumifhuRefawmfwdkY
azmifa';&Sif;&JU aqmifyk'fudk ]]wdkif;jynfzGHUNzKd;wdk;wwfzdkY? ynma&;jzifh

ulnDpdkY}} vdkYazmfaqmifxm;ygw,f/ azmifa';&Sif;&JUt"du&nf&G,fcsuf

uawmh ]]vlwdkif;ynmwwfajrmufa&;}} jzpfygw,f[k jrefrmEdkifiHynm
a&;azmifa';&Sif;jzpfajrmufa&; OuXOD;oef;armif rSajymMum;cJhonf/
qufvuf jrefrmEdkifiHynma&;azmifa';&Sif;&JU&nf&G,fcsuf(3)&yfESifh
vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk ajymMum;cJh&m &nf&G,fcsufoHk;&yf\ yxrtqifhtae
jzifh yk*vduwpfOD;csif;udk OD;pm;aray;yJ ?trSefwu,ftultnDvdktyf
aeaom tajccHynmausmif;rsm;ESifh? ausmif;ol^ausmif;om;rsm;udk
wpfajy;nDulnDyHhydk;oGm;&ef 'kwd,tqifhtaejzifh xl;cRefxufjrufaomf
vnf;ynm qufvufoifMum;&eftcuftcJ&Sdaomausmif;? ausmif;ol
rsm;udkwpfOD;csif; ulnDyHhydk;oGm;&efESifhwwd,tqifhtaejzifh ynm&nf
jrifhrm;aomausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;udkEdkifiHwum wuodkvfrsm;
ESifhqufoG,fay;NyD; tqifhjrifhynm&yfrsm;oifMum;Edkifa&; twGuful
nD ; yH h y d k ; oG m ;&ef w d k Y j zpf N yD ; tcrf ; tem;wG i f vS L 'gef ; aiG p k p k a ygif ;
(73)ode;f (5)aomif; udv
k ufc&H &Scd o
hJ nf/ jrefrmEdik if yH nma&; aumfrwDukd
aumfrwD\ yxrtBudrfrsufESmpHknDtpnf;ta0;ESifh tvSLaiGay;tyf
yGJtcrf;tem;udk atmufwdkbm(2)&uf eHeuf(10)em&DwGif A[ef;NrKdUe,f
a&T*w
Hk ikd &f dS awmf0ifEiS ;f qDo&D cd ef;rwGif usif;yrnfjzpfaMumif;od&&dS onf/
TTM

vQyw
f pfjyufowif;*sme,fEiS Uf
armfeDwmowif;*sme,fwGif wm0efxrf;aqmif&ef
pdwfyg0ifpm;olrsm; rdrduRrf;usifrIudkazmfjy rnfonfU&mxl;? wm0efudk xrf;
aqmifvdkaMumif;azmfjyum avQmufxm;Ekdifonf/
vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fESifU armfeDwmowif;*sme,f
trSwf(220?222)? Adkvfwaxmifbk&m;vrf;(tay:bavmuf)?
ykZGefawmifNrdKUe,f/
zkef;(09 73204192? 09 73203273)
ta&;wBuD;cefhxm;&ef vpfvyfaeaomae&mrsm;
- aeh^n ,mOfarmif; trsKd;om;^trsKd;orD;
- 2 OD;
(trsKd;orD;rsm; n,mOfarmif;avQmufxm;&efrvdk)
- aeh^n t,f'Dwm trsKd;om;^trsKd;orD;
- 4 OD;
- "mwfyHkowif;axmuf trsKd;orD;
- 4 OD;
- a'ocHowif;axmuf trsKd;om;^trsKd;orD;
- tuefhtowfr&Sd
- yGJwufowif;axmuf trsKd;orD;
- 4 OD;
- EkdifiHa&;owif;axmuf trsKd;om;^trsKd;orD;
- 8 OD;

31bkHom;rsm;\ uHMurmtvSnfhtajymif;tm; raemjzifh ykdif;jcm; okH;oyfqef;ppfwGufcsufum arwmrQa0ygonf/

a'gufwm*rD&
we*FaEGom;orD;taygif;wdkYonf/ / tIyftaxG;rsm;Mum;rSm uif;atmif&Sif;atmif vkyfyg/ olwpfyg;"m;ckwf&m vuf0ifrvQdKoifhyg/
vlemwpfOD;a&mufvmonf&dSaomf aocsmpGm *kpdkufjyKpkay;yg/ bmomw&m;udkif;dIif;wwfolwpfOD;u oifhudktusdK;jyKzG,fjrifonf/ a&a0;
ajrjcm;c&D;oGm;&zG,jf rifonf/ nOft
Y yd n
f OfaY ec&D;oGm;{nfo
h nfa&mufvwfaomfvufoifrh cH&m/ usef;rm a&;*kpu
kd &f efvo
kd nf/ xDx;kd vdu
k (9)*Pef;rqd;k yg
taqmifjyKvkdygaomf- ol&wDr,fawmfkyfwktm; aqmifyg/ ,Mwmacsvdkygu- arG;eHaxmifhwGif xD;jzLoufaphuyfvSLum vdk&mqk,lyg/
wevF m om;orD ; taygif ; wk d Y o nf /
/ cspfolESifh&SifuGJcGJ&rnfh udef;jrifonf/ ta0; a&mufrdwfaqGwpfOD;xHrS xl;jcm;aom pmwpfapmifvufcH&
&dSzG,f&Sdrnf/ ynm*kPfowif; xl;jcm;yGihfvif;zG,ftusdK;ay;rnf/ rvdkolawGrsm;jym;aomfvnf; &efenf;atmifa&Smifyg/ a&TESifhywfouf a&mif;rSm;
0,frSm;jzpfwwfrnf/ ynm*kPfarmufolwpfOD;ESifh pum;tajc twifjzpfzG,fjrif onf/ xDxdk;vdkaomf(5)*Pef;udkaqmifyg/ usef;rma&;rqdk;vS/
taqmifjyKvdkygaomf- bdk;awmfodMum;rif;yHkawmftm; taqmifjyKyg/
,Mwmacsvdkygu- arG;eHaxmifhwGif ysm;vdarmftvHk;vSvS oufaphuyfvSLum vdk&mqk,lyg/
t*F g om;orD ; taygif ; wk d Y o nf / / wefzdk;BuD;rm;aom vufaqmifyPm&&dSzG,fjrifonf/ teDa&mifypnf;0ifvmonf&dSaomf vufoifhrcH&m/ rsufESmrsm;wwfolESifh &nf;pm;rjzpfoifh/ tcspfopfudk
&SmazGawGU&dS EdkifzG,frjrif/ c&D;oGm;azmfrdwfaqGwpfOD;ESifh pD;yGm;vkyf&eftaMumif; ay:aomf oifhpdwful;udkcsufcsif;zsufvdkufyg/ tdrfwGif;a&; enf;enf; IyfaxG;zG,fjrifonf/ xDxdk;vdkonf&dSaomf
,Mwmacsvdkaomf- arG;eHaxmifw
(2)*Pef;tusdK;xl;ay;zG,&f rSd nf/ usef;rma&;rqd;k yg/ taqmifjyKvdkygaomf- r,fawmfrm&Dyt
kH m; taqmifjyKyg/,Mwmacsvd
h iG f ESi;f oD;oufaphuyfvLS yg/ vd&k mjynfv
h wU/H ukov
dk jf yKygav/
BuHponforQxajrmufatmifjrifvwH/
Ak'[l;om;orD;taygif;wkdYonf/
/ a&vrf;c&D;tusdK;ray;bJ&dSrnf/ c&D;,m,D rsm;rnf/ &efolrsm;rnf/ &efoludkrdwfaqGvkyf&ef BudK;pm;&efoifhonf/ a&TESifhywfouf tmrrcHygESifh/ vlvdrfcH&rnfh
&uftydkif;tjcm;vnf;jzpfonf/ a&jcm;ajrjcm; c&D;oGm;&zG,fjrifonf/ cspfoludkvufvTwfqHk;HI;&zG,fjrifonf/ w&m;"rESifhywfouf tjiif;yGm;zG,f&dSrnf/ usef;rma&; txl;*kpdkufzG,fjrifonf/ odkYaomf
rsm;rsm;pm;pm; avmif;upm;vkyfjcif;udkrjyKtyf/ taqmifjyKvkdygaomf- &SifoD0vdyHktm; aqmifyg/ ,Mwmacsvdkygu- arG;eHaxmifhwGif qDrD;aomif;&SpfaxmifylaZmfum vdk&mqk,lyg/
Mumoyaw;om;orD;taygif;wkdYonf/ / t*FgeHESifhtusdK;ray;bJ &dSrnf/ paeeHvnf; xGufwwfzG,f&dSrnf/ ta&;wBuD;c&D;xGufp&mjrifonf/ vdyfOwl; bk&m;zl;&rnfhc&D; vnf;jzpfzG,fjrifonf/
a&m*gqef; jzpfwwfrnf/ rayghESifh/ cGJpdwf&rnfha&m*gqef;jzpfvQif aq;Hkaumif; aumif;a&G;&efowdjyKyg/ aiGukefaMu;usrsm;aomf vufrwGefYygESifh/ oifhtoufxuf wefzdk;&dSwmrjrifyg/ wefcdk;BuD;
bk&m;zl;&zG,fjrifonf/ uHaumif;rnfh&uftydkif;tjcm;jzpfonf/ xDxdk;vdkaomf (4)*Pef; rqdk;yg/ taqmif j yKvk d y gaomf - tpfrawmfjreef;EG,fy0gudk aqmifyg/ ,Mwmacsvd k y gu- arG;eHaxmifhwGif
rif;*GwfoD;oufaphuyfvSL um vdk&mqkyefyg/
aomMumom;orD;taygif;wkdYonf/ / xif&mS ;ausmfMum;zG,u
f mvjzpfrnf/ a&TEiS yhf wf ouf bmwpfcrk t
S rSm;rcHoif/h oifah emufausmudk "m;ESix
hf ;kd rnfo
h &l aSd eonf/ jyem&d&S m t&yfukd ajcOD;rvSn&fh m/
vlrsdK;jcm; bmomjcm;ESifhpD;yGm;rvkyftyfaomtcsdefjzpfonf/ oiftxifBuD;aeol wpfOD;u oifhudk'kuvSvSay;wwfrnf/ tvkyfopftudkifopf rdwfopfaqGopfrsm;wdk;yGm;OD;rnf/ xDxdk;vdkonf&dSaomf
(4)*Pef;rqdk;yg/ usef;rma&;taetpm;ESifhrlum; a'gifa'gifjrnfvdkYaernf/ taqmif j yKvk d y gaomf - eHudkif;r,fawmf\kyfyHkudk a&Tydef;cs taqmifjyKyg/ ,Mwmacsvd k y gu- arG;eHaxmifhwGif
ykodrfqefwpfawmif;uyfvSL um vdk&mqk,lygav/
paeom;orD ; taygif ; wk d Y o nf / / bmyJvkyfvkyf jyemrjzpfygapESifh/ vlxlxlwGif tIyft&Sif;uif;atmifaeyg/ Hk;jyifuem;a&muf onf&dSaomf trIudkqGJrxm;ygESifh/ csufcsif; ajyvnfatmif
aqmif&u
G yf g/ emrnfausmfwpfO;D ESiyhf wfouf jyemjzpfz,
G jf rifonf/ tdyrf ufq;kd rsm;jrifrufygu csufcsif;qdo
k vdk acgif;xavQmf&efvt
kd yfonf/ ypn;f topftqef;0ifvm wwfrnf/ qefay;rSaq;&aomolu
oifhaemufausmudk"m;ESifhxdk;zG,fjrifonf/ usef;rma&;tnHhvGefae onf/ xDuHryg aom &uftydkif;tjcm;jzpfonf/ a,mifrSm;aomfrS avmif;upm;rvkyf&m/
taqmifjyKvkdygaomf- OD;&SifBuD;yHktm; a&Tydef;csaqmifyg/ ,Mwmacsvdkygu- arG;eHaxmifhwGif ,dk;',m;'l;&if;oD;tvHk;vSvS uyfvSLum vdk&mqk,lygav/
a'gufwm*rD&
(31)bH k o m;rsm;Nid r f ; csrf ; Muygapaomf 0 f /

26
26

,ciftywfrStquf
od k Y j zif hwpf&ufwGif*sifuvpfu
]]a[h qufcsfrdk Sachmo rif;Munfh
&wm rpwmyDwmudk b,fawmhrSpdwfr
qdk;wJhyHkyJaemf? igtNrJMunfhaew,f rif;udk
olaeYwdkif;eD;yg;kdufw,faemuf tjypfvnf;
ay;w,f? rif;olUudkrrkef;bl;vm;}}
qufcsfrkd Satchmo rpOf;pm;yJ cyfv,
G f
vG,yf ifajymvdu
k rf o
d nf/ xdt
k &monfo\
l
&if x J t rS e f w u,f & S d
aompum;yifjzpfonf/
]]'DrSm*sif*vyfpf igolU
udkrrkef;ygbl;oluq&m
aumif;wpfa,mufuG?
rp w myD w mu*D w ud k
vnf; em;vnfw,f?
oluwl&,
d mwdik ;f udv
k nf; wD;cwfEikd w
f ,figrpwmyDwmudk
rrkef;ygbl;}}
*sif;uvyfpfonfol\oli,fcsif;vlkd;?vlaumif;BuD;
tm;Munfh&if;]][kwfrSmyg rif;updwfaumif;&SdwJholi,fcsif;
yJav? iguawmh ighuckd PcPtjypfay;wJo
h u
l rkd ek ;f rdrmS yJ}}
xdkaeUnu trf;pfxa&mif;pdwfawG t&rf;
jrL;aeonf/ *sifuvyfpfudkolUtBudKufoDcsif;
wpfyk'fudk b,foHeif;NyD;oDqdkjyaomtcg
ab;em;rS u av;rsm;uvl ; vS d r f h a tmif y if
&,fMuonf/ xdkaeYntdyfaqmifwGif yxr
qHk;*syfpfoDcsif;wpfyk'f\toHxGufay:vm
jcif;yifjzpfonf/ NyD;awmh&,foHrsm;aMumifh
qlnHaeawmhonf/ xdkpOfcef;rBuD;wpfckvHk;
vif ; oG m ;onf ? rp w myD w ma&muf v m
jcif;yif? tcsdKUuav;rsm;onf tvGefpdk;&drfpGm apmifrsm;atmufwGifykef;aeMuonf/
NyD;awmhtoHudk em;pGifhaeMuonf/ rpwmyDwmonf trf;pfxa&mif;ckwifodkY
wef;wef;rwfrwfa&mufvmNyD;
]]oDcsif;qdkaewmrif;udk; ckxdrtdyfMuao;bl;vm; uJckcsufcsif;jyeftdyfMu
prf;}}
[kajymqdu
k mjyefvnfxu
G cf mG oGm;onf/ rD;rsm;rdw
S o
f mG ;aomtcgrS uav;rsm;
onf apmifrsm;atmufrSrsufESmrsm; xGufvmMuNyD;wpfa,mufrsufESmwpfa,muf
Munfhum toHrxGufyJ&,fMuonf/ *sifuvyfpfu
]]qufcsfrkd Satchmo awmfao;w,fu?G 'Dwpfacgufawmh rif;tku
d rf cH&ygvm;?
xl;awmhxl;w,f/ igu taqmfcH&NyDrSwfwm}}
[k w f o nf trf ; pf x a&mif ; yif r p w myD w m\ol U tay:quf q H a &;,cif
avmufrMurf;wrf;awmhaomaMumifh thHMoaerdonf/trf;pfxa&mif;onf rpwm
yDwmESifhawGUwdkif;wpfpHkwpf&m jyemjzpfawmhrnf[ktNrJ awG;awmaechJrdonf/
,aeYt*FgaeYonf xl;jcm;aeonf/ rpwmyDwmonf trf;pfxa&mif;tm; &if;ESD;ESD;
pum;ajymaeavonf/ trf;pfxa&mif;crsm aerxdrxdik o
f mjzpfaerdjyefonf/rpwm
yDwm\aemufqHk;pum;onf trf;pfxa&mif;twGuf e*dkjyL;aeaomrsufvHk;tm;
ESpfqjyL;oGm;apawmhonf/ xdkpum;rSmtjcm;r[kwf
]]qufcsfrdk Satchmo rif;igwdkYwD;0dkif;rSm0ifwD;ygvm;}} ab;em;rS *sufuvyfpf
yiftoHxGufatmif thHMooGm;onf/ trf;pfxa&mif;onf csufcsif;yifvufcHvdkuf
onf/ NyD;awmhrpwmyDwmu
]] NyD;&ifwHcg;0em;udk cPvmcJh q&majymp&m&Sdw,f}}
]][kwfuJh}}
trf;pfxa&mif;onfacgif;ndwfjy&if; vufxJrSaygifrkefYajcmuftm; *sifuvyfpf
vufxJxnfhNyD; rpwmyDwmaemufodkYvdkufoGm;onf/ rpwmyDwmonf trf;pfx

pma&;q&m'gdkufwmjynfUpHk\ twKywdkyf&Sif
Sky Net rSdkuf
ESpaf ygi;f (60)Mum
xkwaf 0cJah om aoG;
aomufr*Zif;wnf
axmifcJhol (1937)
ckESpfrS,aeYtouf
(87)ES p f & S d o nf h w d k i f
aqmif ; yg;0w K rsm;
a&;om;aeqJNort hern Star yifwdkif
aqmif ; yg;&S i f w d k i f ;
jyKjynf j yKk y f & S i f
Zmwf u m;rsm;omd k u f u l ; xk w f v k y f c J h a om jynf h p H k k y f & S i f \ 'gd k u f w myd k * sLqm
BuD;jzpfaom OD;jynfhpHk\twKywdkyf&Sifum;udk Sky Net rSdkuful;vsuf&Sdonf/
xdktwKywdkyf&Sifum;udk jynfwGif;jynfyodkY jzefYcsdjyo&eft*Fvdyfpmwef;xdk;
pum;ajymrsm;yg&Sdrnfjzpfonf/
OD;jynfhpHka&;om;NyD; 'gdkufwmOD;cifpdk;dkuful;aom (y,if;a&mif)Zmwfum;jzifh
(1971)ckESpfu aumvdyf*sifae0if; tu,f'rDxl;cRefqk&&SdcJhonf/
pdwu
f ;l csKdcsKdrS jzefcY sdaomOD;jynfph akH &;om;onfh ('kw,
d urmppfBuD;twGi;f *syef
vufatmufa&mufpOfu) pmtkyfudk xGef;azmifa';&Sif;pmayaumfrwDrS (2010)ckESpf
pmya'omqkcsD;jrifhcJhonf/

a&mif;\ vufarmif;av;tm;
npfum
]]qufcsfrdk Satchmo igrif;
udk apmifhMunfhaewma&mufu
wnf;uyJ/ ckawmh rif;[m yg&f'D
'dkvrf;uvlqdk;av;wpfa,muf
r[kww
f migodvmw,f/ ydu
k q
f H
awG ? aemuf p m;p&mawG r if ; eJ Y
vuf v S r f ; rS D w J h a e&mrS m xm;cJ h
w,f / 'gayrJ h r if ; r,l b l ; ?NyD ;
awmhrif;urvdrfwwfwmvnf;
igodvmw,f/ olrsm;awGb,favmufyJ&efp
&efprif;&efrjzpfbl;/ 'gqdkbmjzpfvdkY 'Dae&m
a&mufvmvnf;qdkwm ightwGufacgif;ajcmuf
atmif awG;aep&mvnf;rvdb
k ;l ? raumif;rIawG
eJ Y v nf y wf a ewJ h 'D y g&f ' D ' d k v rf ; rBuD ; ay:rS m
rif;a&mufaewmudkuom uHqdk;apwm
yg/ qufcsfrdk Satchmo igurif;udk
ku
d Ef u
S zf ;l rSmyg? tJw
h mawGu rif;udk
pnf;urf;&SdapcsifvdkYuG? rif;uvl
aumif ; wpf a ,muf q d k w migod
w,f/pnf;urf;awmhvu
kd ef mayghumG /
'geJYrif; ightcef;xJvdkufcJhuGm? 'DaeY
rif;udkq&m oifcef;pmwpfckay;
r,f/ aocsmavhusifhaygh}}
trf;pfxa&mif;onf wD;0dik ;f \
avhusifha&;tcef;odkY a&mufa&muf
csif; tvGefaysmf&TifoGm;onf/ ol\
BuD;rm;aomEIwfcrf;xlBuD;ay:wGifc&mtm; wifvdkuf
ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;twGuf
aomtcg vGwfvyfaomw&m;oabmBuD;tm; ol&Sm
oifaxmufulpmtkyfrsm;? Avmpmtkyfrsm;?
a&mifpHkyHkqGJpmtkyfrsm;ESifhtm;upm;ypnf;rsm;ukd
azGrdawmhonf/olonfNcHcwfxm;aom aumif;uifatmufwGif *syfpf*Dwtm;
arG;zGm;&ef pwifkef;uefaejcif;yif? c&mrIwfaepOf pepfwustoufSLyHkrStp?
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ynmoifMum;cJhaom
a&eHacsmif;NrdKU
toHtm;xdef;aMumif;yHktm; rpwmyDwmupdwf&SnfpGm&Sif;jyonf/ oifcef;pm
rsm;NyD;aomtcg rpwmyDwmrSqufcsfrdk Satchmotmtm;
a&TMumiHk&yf&Sd t-r-u(8)wGif
]]rif;utoufSLwmudk aumif;aumif;xdef;csKyfEdkifom;yJ? rif;uighxuf
jrefrmjynfom;pmaywkdufrS
wwfwmjrefaewmthHMop&myJ?BudK;pm;uGm? 'DaeYawmh'DavmufygyJ?aemufae
atmufwkdbmv 4 &ufu vSL'gef;cJhonf/
Yawmh oifcef;pmtopfwufwmayhg}}
tqkdygvSL'gef;yGJwGif
trf;pfxa&mif;onf wD;0dik ;f avhusifah &;rSajy;xGucf o
hJ nf/aemufjyefMunfh
jrefrmjynfom;pmaywkdufykdif&Sif
vdkufawmh rpwmyDwmuvSrf; NyHK;jy&mtrf;pfxa&mif;onf rpwmyDwmtm;
a&eHacsmif;om;*Dwpmqkda&eHYom0if;armifrS
ynma&;axmufulypnf;rsm; ausmif;om;rsm;odkY
ydkrdkcifrifvmawmhonf/odkUjzifhtrf;pfxa&mif;\avhusifha&;c&moHonf
xd k a *[mrS vl r sm;twG u f reuf t d y f & mxzd k Y E S i f h td y f & m0if z d k Y t csuf a y;
vSL'gef;onfhtjyif
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;trSwfw&
acgif;avmif;wpfckyrmjzpfvmonf/ *sifuvyfpfrSmvnf; olUoli,fcsif;twGuf
*kPf,lrqHk; jzpfaeonf/ trf;pfxa&mif;onf wcgw&H xdkodkY pOf;pm;rdonf/
pmMunfhwkdufjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf
]]wu,fhudkrsufvSnfhqefwJhavmuBuD;ygvm;? igtwGuft &rf;pdwfysuf
pnf;Hk;vIHUaqmfajymMum;oGm;onf/
p&maumif;wJh ae&mu ckawmh aysmf&iT pf &m &Jwu
kd Bf uD;vdk ajymif;vJomG ;ygvm;}}
a&eHYom0if;armifonf
trf;pfxa&mif;onf ,cktcgwD0dkif;tzGJUom;tjzpfyg0ifwD; cwfae&NyD;jzpf
,ckESpftwGif;
onf/ tpyxrwGif '&rfi,fwpfcktm;wD;cwf&jcif; jzpf
onf/ c&mrIwfjcif;vnf;avhusifha&jynfh0aeNyD;jzpfonf/
trf;pfxa&mif;wdkYtzGJUonf aEG&moDtm;vyf&ufwGif e,l;
atmfveffNrKdUay:odkY csDwufwD;rIwfMu&onf/ vrf;rsm;wGif
ight&dyfurajymif;vJbl;
vljzLrsm;a&m? vlrnf;rsm;ygtm;ay;jcif;aMumifh trf;pfx
rajymif;vJbl;
a&mif;twGuf xl;qef;aeavonf/
ausmufwHk;awGeJY
a&SUwpfywfqufzwfygf
kyfwkxkMuw,f/
acsmololpdk;
aMu;awGeJY
acgif;avmif;oGef;Muw,f/

jrefrmjynfom;\
ynma&;tvSL

t&dyf

okyfaqmifZmZmrif;xuf\
rif;uvGJNyD;rcspfbl;aw;pD;&D;rdwfquf

igu
ight&dyfeJYwnfaqmufw,f
ysufw,f-a<utufw,f
tpdwfpdwft>rTmjrTmjzpfcJhw,f
tJh'Dtpdwfpdwft`rTm`rTmuvnf;
ight&dyfyJ/
/
atmif c srf ;

okyfaqmif
ZmZmrif;xuf \
rif;uvGNJ yD; rcspf
bl; Audio CD
pme,fZif; rdwfqufyGJtcrf;tem;udk &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;? pifx&,f[kdw,f
(2012)ckESpf? atmufwkdbm(11)&uf? aeYv,fykdif;wGif usif;ycJhonf/
tqkyd gtcrf;tem;wGif ZmZmrif;xufrS ]]okyaf qmiftvkyrf sm;udk em;xm;
cJw
h t
hJ csdet
f wGi;f rSm 'DtacGav;udk taumif;qk;H jzpfatmif BudK;pm;xm;cJah Mumif;?
vm;Id;odef;atmif?xl;tdrfoif?A'ifwkdYoDqkdatmifjrifcJhaomoDcsif;rsm;vnf;
yg0ifrSmjzpfNyD; ZmZmpdwful;eJYykHazmfxm;aomoDcsif;av;rsm;vnf;yg&SdaMumif;}}
ajymMum;cJhonf/ if;aemufaw;a&;q&maZmfrkd;vGifu yg0ifa&;om;jzpfykHudk
ajymMum;um pme,fZif;rsm;udk,fpm;q&matmifpkd;ol(First Music*sme,ft,f'D
wmcsKyf)u rk'dwmpum;ajymMum;ay;cJhonf/ atmufwkdbm (22)&ufwGif Bo
Nzd K ;ouf
Bo Music ProductionsrSjzefYcsdrnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/

AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;\trsdK;om;
ausmif;om;b0yxrt&G,pf mtkyu
f jdk yKpkxw
k af 0cJNh yD;
xkdpmtkyfrStusdK;tjrwfrsm;ukd
ckvkdAkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ynmoif,lcJhonfhausmif;odkY
ynma&;tvSLjyKvkyf&aMumif;
&Sif;vif;ajymMum;oGm;onf/
qufvuf pmMunfhwkdfufzGifhvSpfEkdifa&;twGuf
&efukefNrdKUrS
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;pmtkyfrsm;xkwfa0cJhaom
pmaywkdufrsm;rSvSL'gef;rI jyKvkyfvkdygvQif
q&mBuD;OD;rif;[ef t-r-u(8) a&TMumiHk&yf?
a&eHacsmif;NrdKUodkY
qufoG,fvSL'gef;EkdifaMumif;owif;&&Sdonf/
MunfaZmf

27

owif;orm;rsm; owif;udk cspfvkdhvkyfwJUolrsdK;jzpfapcsif[k q&m[m*sLvDajym

udk&D;,m;EdkifiHxkwf

Giverny

Beauty LifeukrPDESifh
Rain tvSjyifcef;wkYd

Cosmeticrdwfquf

yl;aygif;
jyifopfenf;ynmjzifh
udk&D;,m;EdkifiHrSxkwfvkyfaom
Giverny Cosmetic ypnf;rsm;
rdwfqufyGJukd
(12-10-2012)rS(14-10-2012)&uftxd
Rain tvSjyifcef;r?
wkduf(8)?tcef;(002)?ta&SUa&T*Hkwdkif?

a&aomufjrpf
b0rSmvmorQawGu
tvSrjzmtemw&awGESifh
A&yGjzpfMu&wJholawG/
yef;toGifvS
vef;&TifMu
wef;0ifvrf;0ifjzpfMu&JUolawG/
vlcsif;wlwl
rwluGJjym;
jcm;em;Muw,f qdkayr,fh
vdkaewJhae&mawGuawmhwlaeMuOD;rSmyg/

uomrS owif ;
axmuf q &m[m*sKvD
vQyf w pf j yuf *sme,f
wkdufodkY acwcP0if
a&muf r I E I w f q uf c k d u f
odvkdorQ ar;jref;jzpfcJh
ygw,f Ed k i f i H j cm;c&D ; pOf
oGm;zk&Yd w
dS m[kwyf gw,f/
OD;tarrqHk;cifrSm ukd,f
awG e J Y t areJ Y t wl w l
oGm;csifw,faygh/ tJvkd
oGm;csifwJhtwGuf Ak'*g
,moG m ;zk d Y p D p Of w ,f /
roG m ;jzpf b l ; ? 'D v k d y J
taru 'DESpfpifumyl
oGm;zkdYpDpOfw,f/ wpfck
tH h p &maumif ; wmu
rdom;pktukefyufpf(ykdY)
avQmufwt
hJ csderf mS OD;uOD;ywfp(f yk)Yd ukrd 'D ,
D morm;qkNd yD;xnfv
h u
dk w
f ,f/ vQyfwpfjyuf
rD'D,morm;aygh/ tJh'DrSmvQyfwpfjyuftydwfcH7w,fqkdNyD; ywfpf(ydkY)ukdray;bl; usef
rdom;pk0ifawG tukev
f ;kH u&NyD/ tJ'geYOJ ;D u ywfp(f yd)Yk vkyaf y;wJu
h rk P
w
D pfcu
k o
kd mG ;NyD;
ar;w,f/ vQyfwpfjyuf*sme,fydwfxm;vdkYwJhajymvkdufw,f/ 'gav;eJeJxl;jcm;w,f/
vQyfwpfjyufrSmvkyfvkdYvQyfwpfjyufydwfxm;vkdYqkdNyD;ray;bl;/ tarqHk;NyD; 2 vrSm
OD;tpfrawG?nDrawGuEdik if jH cm;oGm;zkv
Yd yk w
f ,f/ OD;qdik rf ;D avmifwt
hJ cgrSm OD;trsdK;orD;
aeraumif;wJhtcsdefrSm EkdifiHwumutrsm;qHk;ulnDw,f/ tar&duef?rav;&Sm;?
pifumyl?pifumyluy&dowfutrsm;qHk;ulnDw,f/aiGa&;?aMu;a&;a&mowif;ykdYwm
a&m tD;ar;ykdYwma&m? OD;u olwdkYeJYawGUcsifw,f/ ukd,hfy&dowfawGaygh 'geJY OD;wpfck
jzpfcsifwmupifumylejYJ refrmEdik if eH u
YJ t&rf;uGmw,f/&efuek Nf rdKUu pifumylvv
dk yk rf ,f
vkdYowif;awGxGufay:vmw,f/ 'gayr,fh xkdif;&JUajc&mavmufawmifr&Sdao;bl;
tJ'gav;awGukdvnf; OD;avhvmcsifao;w,f/ avhvmNyD;ukd,fwwfwJhrD'D,m
ynmeJYa&;csifw,f/ vrf;opfykdif;qkdif&m? taqmuftOD;ykdif;qkdif&m tJvkdvleJY
awGYNyD;ar;r,f/ wpfckpdwfraumif;p&mu rD'D,morm;wpfa,muftaeeJY rSefrSef
uefuefa&;w,f/oufaotaxmuftxm;vnf; wifEkdifw,f/w&m;Hk;rSmw&m;cH
cHrk mS xkid &f wJt
h jzpfuawmh pdwrf aumif;p&myJaygh/ rSew
f ma&;ayr,hw
f pfzufuyku
d q
f H
&Sw
d ,fq&dk if ra&;&J bl;qkw
d q
hJ ;kH I;kH rIawGjzpfuek w
f ,f/ tJ'h grsdK;acszsufzt
Ydk wwfEikd q
f ;kH
BudK;pm;r,f/ OD;wkeYd ,frmS &Sw
d rhJ 'D ,
D mawGtrSeu
f adk &;Ekid w
f o
hJ w&d adS tmif BudK;pm;oGm;r,f/
e,frmS &Sw
d t
hJ cuftcJawGu tJ'gajymr,fq&dk if By Weekly uw&m;pGJwmukdyg
jyefajym&rvkdbJ/OD;rEav;u*sme,fwpfckrSm owif;wm0efcHvkyfzl;w,f?
vkyfzl;awmhvufaqmifay;wJh[mukd BuHKzl;w,f?udk,fwkdifvnf; BuHKw,f

Seasons Bakery&Cafe' \
oDwif;uRwfyGJawmfSpecialCakea&mif;csrItpDtpOf
&efukef? rEav;? City Mart Supercentre\ qdkifcGJ(13)qdkifESifh Ocean
Supercentre\ qdkifcGJ(4)qdkif? pkpkaygif;(17)qdkifzGifhvSpfxm;&Sdaom Seasons
Bakery&Cafe'onf pm;oH;k olrsm;tm; usef;rma&;twGuf ,HMk unfpw
d cf spGm
0,f,lpm;oHk;Ekdifaom? oefY&Sif;vwfqwf t&om&SdaomudwfESifh rkefYrsdK;pHk?
Hot Drink, Cold DrinkESihf Seasonal Fruits Juicersm;udk Freshly Baked
Everydayqdkonhfaqmifyk'fESifhtnDa&mif;csay;vsuf&Sdygonf/ ,ckoDwif;
uRwf umvtcgor,twGi;f Seasons Bakery&Cafe'qdik cf rJG sm;tm;vH;k wGif
Seasons Bakery&Cafe'rStxl;pDpOfxkwfvkyfxm;aom Thadingyut Vanilla Cheese CakeES i f h Thadingyut Chocolate Cheese Cakewd k Y u d k
usyfaiG(8000)jzifh (2012)ckEpS ?f atmufwb
kd m(1)&ufr(S 31)&uftxd a&mif;cs
NL
ay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&Sd&onf/

twnfjyKzGJYpnf;rnfUjrefrmEdkifiHynma&;azmifa';&Sif;ESifU ywfouf owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJusif;y

(21?10?2012) wG i f
twnfjyKzGJUpnf;rnf jrefrm
EdkifiHynma&;azmifa';&Sif;zGJU
pnf;aqmuf&Gufa&; &Sif;vif;
wifjyyGJudk (13?10?2012) aeY
v,f(2)em&DwGif &efukefNrKdU?
ausmufwHwm;NrKdUe,f qdyf
/
urf;omvrf;&Sd *kPfxl;jrefrm
pmoifwef;cef;rwGif usif;ycJh
ref;wifharm
rmf
onf/
tqdkyg tcrf;tem;wGif
obmywdtjzpfygarmucsKyfa[mif;
atmifcsrf;omtdrf&m
a'guf w mxG e f ; cif r S trS m pum;
jyKvkyfcJhonf/
ajymMum;cJhonf/ EdkifiHawmfzGHUNzKd;
if;rdwfqufyGJwGif
wdk;wufa&;twGuf ynma&;[m
Giverny tvSukefrsm;ukd
tajccHtusqHk;jzpfw,fqdkwm b,folrSrjiif;EdkifwJhtcsuf jzpfygw,f/ pmaywwf
txl;aps;EIef;rsm;jzifh
ajrmufjcif;eJYacwfrDenf;ynmrsm;uRrf;usifwufajrmufjcif;[m wdkif;jynfzGUHNzKdUwdk;
a&mif;csay;onhftjyif
wufa&;twGuf tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfw,fqdkwmudkvJ tm;vHk;oabmaygufem;
tom;ta&prf;pufud&d,mjzifh
vnfNyD;jzpfygw,f/EdkifiHwumtqifhrDynmwwfrsm;enf;yg;rI&Sdaeovdk xl;cRef
prf;oyfay;jcif;?
xufjrufaomfvnf;ausmif;qufrwufEdkifolawG? ausmif;vHk;0raeEdkifolawG
tom;ta&ukdPeeling jyKvkyfay;jcif;?
trsm;tjym;&Sdaeygw,f/ wcsdKUqdk&ifausmif;vHk;0rwufEdkifwJhtxdjzpfaeygw,f/
rsufESmjyiftm; Cleaning vkyfay;jcif;wkdY
txl;ojzifhaus;&Gmrsm;eJYawmifwef;a'ou uav;i,fawGrSm trsm;qHk;BuHKawGU
aqmif&Gufay;cJhonf/
ae&ygw,f/ bmaMumifh ausmif;vHk;0raeEdkifovJqdkwmudk avhvmqef;ppfMunfh
wpfqifhjyefvnfa&mif;csvkdolrsm;twGuf
wJhtcgrSm (1)rdb&JUpD;yGm;a&;tajctaet&ausmif;rwufEdkifwm&,f(2)wuf&r,fh
txl;oifhavsmfaomaps;EIef;jzifh
ausmif;uaexdkifwJhtdrf?&GmeJYa0;uGmvGef;aewmawGaMumifhjzpfwmudkawGU&Sd&ygw,f/
owfrSwfa&mif;csay;oGm;rnfjzpfNyD;
'DtajctaerSmynma&;azmifa';&Sif;awG? ynma&;qdkif&mtoif;tzGJUawG? yk*vdu
Beauty Life Co,Ltd
apwem&S i f a wG t aeeJ Y w pf z uf w pf v rf ; u ul n D r ,f q d k & if &nf ; rS e f ; csuf u d k
wkduf(5)?tcef;(006)?
tjref q H k ; ayguf a jrmuf E d k i f v d r f h r ,f v d k Y , H k M unf y gw,f / 'gaMumif h u Ref a wmf w d k Y
ta&SUa&T*Hkwkdif?
azmifa';&Sif;&JUaqmifyk'fudk ]]wdkif;jynfzGHUNzKd;wdk;wwfzdkY?ynma&;jzifh ulnDpdkY}} vdkY
atmifcsrf;omtdrf&modkY
azmfaqmifxm;ygw,f/ azmifa';&Sif;&JUt"du&nf&G,fcsufuawmh ]]vlwdkif;ynm
qufoG,f0,f,lEkdifaMumif;
wwfajrmufa&;}} jzpfygw,f[k jrefrmEdkifiHynma&;azmifa';&Sif;jzpfajrmufa&;
od&Sd&onf/
MT
OuXOD;oef;armifrSajymMum;cJhonf/ qufvufjrefrmEdkifiHynma&;azmifa';
&Sif;&JU&nf&G,fcsuf(3)&yfESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk ajymMum;cJh&m&nf&G,f csufoHk;&yf\

28

vufvnf;cHzl;w,f/ 'gayr,fhrEav;uowif;orm;awGeJY &efukefu

owif;orm;awGeJYawmfawmfav;uGmw,f? rEav;owif;orm;awGu
uk d zl vH k ajymwm [k wf w,f ?rE av;uowif ; orm;awG u awmf awmf
qif;&Jw,f? Muyfwnf;w,f*sme,fwkdufawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u vcolwdkYukd
ray;Ekid b
f ;l rEav;u,lw,f &efuek u
f a&m r,lvv
Ydk m;? ,ljcif; r,ljcif;ukd
OD;rajymbl; OD;ajymcsifwmwpfcku ,lNyD;rS olbma&;vJqkdwmukd jyefawG;
&r,f? tJawmhol,lcsif,lr,f?t&ifacwfu ajymwmaygh ay;wm,lr,f?
auR;wmpm;r,f tJvkdyJ tckacwfrSmvnf; ,lr,f?pm;r,fNyD;&ifukd,fod
wJ h t rS e f w &m;uk d a &;r,f ? tJ ' gawG r [k w f b J buf v k d u f w ,f q k d & if
tJ'Dhowif;orm;u jzLpifoefY&Sif;rIr&SdwJhowif;orm;vkdYyJ OD;wkdYoHk;oyf&
rS m yg/ tck v k d w &m;pG J r ,f v k d Y a y:avmawmh rD ' D , mowif ; orm;csif ;
olrsm;tkd;rJokwfp&mrvkdbl;ukd,fhrsufESmukdtkd;rJokwfaew,fvkdYxifw,f?
OD;uawmh OD;wkdYukdumuG,frJhOya'ukdjrefjrefay:apcsifw,f? umwGef;
pmtkyfxkwfzkdYqkdwmu rEav;uukdatmifarmfu pkvkyfcsifw,fajymvkdY
rE a v;uumwG e f ; q&mES p f a ,muf o H k ; a,muf a ygh OD ; ay;xm;w,f ?
NyD;NyDvm;rNyD;ao;bl;vm;awmhrodb;l 0g&ifrh 'D ,
D morm; wpfa,muftaeeJY
OD;uowif;ukdykdcspfvkdYvkyfwm'DtwGufvnf;OD;rSmqHk;IH; w,f? pD;yGm;a&;?
vlrIa&;awGaemufusw,f? OD;uowif;ukdcspfvkdYvkyfwm tJ'DvkdyJowif;
orm;awGxGufvmwm owif;ukdcspfvdkYvkyfwJholrsdK;jzpfapcsifwmtcGifh
ta&;wpf&yf&yfemrnfwpfckckaMumifhrkdYowif;ukdr&ruvkdufwmrsdK;xuf
ukd,fodwmukd y&dowfukdodapcsifw,f? tJvkdrsdK;eJYvkyfMuudkifMu&if
OD;wko
Yd wif;rD',
D mavmuvnf; wk;d wufvmrSmyg/q&m OD;jrwfcidk u
f omrSm
ajymcJhwJhpum;av;jyefajymcsifygw,f? *kPfodum&SdwJh owif;orm;jzpfzkdYu
tifrwefvydk gw,f? uk,
d u
f sdK;ukpd eG NYf yD; owif;twGuf vkyMf uapcsifygw,f/
axG;axG;

yxrtqifhtaejzifh yk*vduwpfOD;csif;udk OD;pm;aray;yJ ?trSefwu,f

tultnDvdktyfaeaom tajccHynmausmif;rsm;ESifh?ausmif;ol^ausmif;
om;rsm;udk wpfajy;nDulnDyHhydk;oGm;&ef 'kwd,tqifhtaejzifh xl;cRef
xufjrufaomfvnf;ynmqufvufoifMum;&eftcuftcJ&Sdaomausmif;?
ausmif;olrsm;udkwpfOD;csif;ulnDyHhydk;oGm;&efESifhwwd,tqifhtaejzifh
ynm&nfjrifhrm;aomausmif;om;?ausmif;olrsm;udkEdkifiHwumwuodkvf
rsm;ESifhqufoG,fay;NyD; tqifhjrifhynm&yfrsm;oifMum;Edkifa&;twGuf
ulnD;yHhydk;oGm;&efwdkYjzpfNyD; tcrf;tem;wGif vSL'gef;aiGpkpkaygif; (73)odef;
(5)aomif;udkvufcH&&SdcJhonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHynma&;aumfrwDudk aumfrwD\
yxrtBudrfrsufESmpHknD tpnf;ta0;ESifhtvSLaiGay;tyfyGJtcrf;tem;udk
atmufwdkbm(2)&uf eHeuf(10)em&DwGif A[ef;NrKdUe,fa&T*kHwdkif&Sd awmf0if
ESif;qDoD&dcef;rwGif usif;yrnfjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
TTM

Snap Shot

News Journal
PH : 09-73204192, 09.73203273, 09-5502618

a&cJESifUq;D ESif;wpfNydKifeuf cHpm;aysmf&Tif&rnfU

]]aysmf&Tifp&maiGESif;urm}}atmufwdkbm(20)&ufwGifzGifUrnf
&efukef?atmufwdkbm(16)&uf
wkwfjynfolUorwEdkifiH Jiang xi
Long Dai cuture Limited Company
ES i f h Asia Myanmar Consotitum
Developmet Company Limited
wdyYk ;l aygif;zGiv
hf pS af om aysmf&iT pf &m a&cJurm
(Ice wonder land )rS a &cJ E S i f h q D ; ES i f ;
wpfNydKifeuf cHpm;cGifh&rnfhaysmf&Tifp&m aiGESif;
ur m (Snow wonder land)od k Y t rnf
ajymif;vJzGifhvSpfrnfjzpfaMumif; pme,fZif;
today;rdwfqufjcif;tcrf;tem;udk (2012)
ckESpf? atmufwdkbm(16)&uf? eHeuf(10)em&D
wGif uefawmfBuD;yef;NcHtwGif;&Sd western
park Royal wGifusif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/
ajymif;vJzGifhvSpfrnfjzpfaom aysmf&Tif
p&maiGESif;urmudk yxrzGifhvSpfcJhaomaysmf
&T i f p &ma&cJ u r m xuf y d k r d k a umif ; rG e f a om
zefwD;wifqufrIrsm; jyvkyfxm;yHkudk Asia

Myanmar Consortium Deve

lopmrnt Company Limied rS
OuXjzpfol AdkvfrSL;BuD;atmifjrifh(Nidrf;)u &Sif;vif;ajymMum;&mwGif
]]b,fEdkifiHrS rvkyfao;wJha&cJESifhqD;ESif;wpfNydKifeufzef;wDrIrsm;udk aysmf
&Tipf &m a&cJurm&yfem;xm; csdeaf wGrmS pDpOfjyifqifrrI sm; jyKvkycf yhJ gw,f/
a7cJurmrSmwkef;ua&cJyef;ykzefwD;rIyef;yktEkynmudk wifqufjyo
xm;wJhtwGuf vma&mufMunfhIMuol vlBuD;rsm;u ydkrdkESpfNcdKufMuNyD;
,ckaiGESif;urmrSmawmhvma&mufvnfywfMuaomrdom;pkrsm; aysmf&Tif
p&m jzpfatmifEiS ;f avQmpD;vd&Yk wJEh iS ;f jyifBuD;udk pDpOfay;xm;NyD; uav;rsm;
aysmf&GifpGm upm;vdkY&atmif zefwD;rIrsm;jyKvkyfay;cJhw,f/ ESif;jyifBuD;udk
ywfNyD;um;pD;vdkY&r,f/ ESif;avQmpD;wJhtcg wpfa,muf?ESpfa,mufruyJ
vlav;iga,mufwpf NydKifeufp;D vdYk &atmif pDpOfay;xm;NyD; pdwcf svufcs
aysmf&TifpGmupm;vdkY&atmif ESif;jyifBuD;udk xkwnfBuD;rm;cdkifcdkifcefY cefYjyK
vkyfay;xm;ygw,f/ yxra&cJurmwkef;u ta&SUwdkif;qefwJhtkyf
awGyrkd sm;NyD; ,ckaiGEiS ;f urmrSmawmh taemufwikd ;f qefwt
hJ kyf awGxnfh
oGif;wifqufjyoay;xm;ygw,f}} [kajymMum;cJhonf/

taumif;qHk;jzpfatmifMudK;pm;xm;ygw,fvdkh
qdkvmwJU aw;oH&Sif dIif;a0v
tcspfra0;&JYaw;pD;&D;xGuf&Sd
aw;oH&iS f Iid ;f a0v\ tcsprf a0;&J aw;pD;&D;udk Bo Bo
Music Production rS wpfEdkifiHvHk;odkY jzefYcsd vdkufNyD
jzpfaMumif; aw;oH&Sif dIif;a0vxHrS od&onf/
]]*DweJYywfowf&if i,fi,fav;xJu l;oGyfcJhwmyg/
'DpD;&D;av;xJrSm Pop *Dw? oDcsif;csdKcsdKav;awG
ygygw,f/ 'DpD;&D;av;rSm uRefawmfhtaeeJY

xdkYaemuf Asia Myan

mar Consortium Development Company Limited rS r ef a e*sif ; 'gk d u f w m
OD;ausmfcdkifu ]],ck aysmf&Tif
p&m aiGEiS ;f urmrSm uReaf wmfwYkd
&JU yxrtawGUtBuHKudk tajccHNyD; uav;awG
aysmf&TifzdkYtwGuf OD;pm;ay;wifqufay;xm;yg
w,f/ qef;opfwJha&cJkyfwkrsm;udkvnf; cHpm;cGifh
&&SdrnfjzpfNyD; qD;ESif;rsm;Mum;rSmvnf; aysmf&TifEdkif
rSmjzpfygw,f/ a&cJESifhqD;ESif;aygif;pyfzGifhvSpfwmu tm&SrSm uRefawmfwdkYjrefrmjynfu
yxrOD;qHk;jzpfygw,f/ yxra&cJurmrSmwkef;u wkwfjynfu ynm&SifawGeJYa&cJ
kyfwkrsm;udkzef;wD;xkvkyfcJhwmjzpfNyD;? ,ckaiGESif;urmudk wm0ef,lzefwD;xkvkyfay;cJh
olu ,Ofaus;rIwuodkvf(&efukef)? yef;ykXmerS vufaxmufuxdu OD;ausmfausmfvGif
jzpfygw,f/ jrefrmjynfuajymifajrmufwJhyef;ykvuf&meJY wkwfjynfu a&cJkyfawGudk
aygif;pyfjrifawGU&rSmjzpfygw,f/ aiGESif;urmudk vma&mufvnfywf rnfholrsm;twGuf
tus?zdeyfwdkYudkvnf; tcaMu;aiGr,lyJ pDpOfay;xm;rnfjzpfNyD; 0ifaMu;udkvnf;
EdkifiHwum&Sd a&cJurm0if;aMu;rsm;xuf trsm;BuD;oufomatmif pDpOfay;cJhaMumif;
udkvnf; ajymMum;cJhygonf/aysmf&Tifp&maiGESif;urm(Snow Wonder Land )odkY
vma&mufvnfywfcsif;olrsm;twGuf pae? we*FaEG kH;ydwf&ufrsm;wGif vlBuD;
(5000)usyf? uav;(4000)usyfESifhtjcm;&ufrsm;wGif vlBuD;(4000)usyfESifhuav;
(3000)usyf jzpfNyD;kduful;a&;rsm;vnf; tqifajypGm vma&mufkduful;Edkifrnf jzpf
aMumif;od&onf/
PMMK

(92)Budrfajrmuf kyf&SifaehESifU (49)Mudrfajrmufkyf&SifoufMuD;ylaZmfyGJtcrf;tem;usif;y

taumif;qHk;jzpfatmif BudK;pm;xm;ygw,f}} [k
dIif;a0vu ajymonf/
aw;pD;&D;wGif aw;a&;taejzifh &J0ifhxl;? Z[efxuf?
tw&H? ausmf&TD;(pf)?aZOD;jrwf? {u? i,fapm[efESifh
dIif;a0vudk,fwdkif a&;om;xm;aom aw;oDcsif;
(13)yk'f yg0ifxm;aMumif; od&NyD; aw;oDcsif;rsm;udk
TRIANGLE Music Band rS
wm0ef,lwD;cwfay;xm;aMumif; od&onf/
[mrdkeDydkif;udk S.91 tzGJUu oDqdkay;xm;ygw,f/
{nfhqdktaeeJY yef;rdk;OD;? rdkifoMuFef? ykvJxl;wdkYu
oDqdkay; xm;ygw,f/ 'DpD;&D;av;xJrSm pHkwGJaw;oDcsif;
(3)yk'f xnfh xm;ygw,f[k aw;oH&Sif dIif;a0vu
ajymonf/
tqdkyg aw;pD;&D;udk tdkatppf aw;oHoGif;wGif
toHzrf;,lxm;aMumif; od&NyD; Mixing ydkif;udk Du Du
rS vnf;aumif;?Mastering ydkif;udk udkjrifhaZmfrS
vnf;aumif; ulnDyHhydk; vkyfaqmifay;xm;aMumif;
od&onf/
e'Dxdkuf

(92)Budrfajrmuf kyf&SifaeYESifh(49)Mudrfajrmuf kyf&SifoufMuD;ylaZmfyGJtcrf;tem;wGif uefawmhcHoufMuD;(145)OD;udk

wpfOD;vQif tvSLaiGusyf (2)odef;ausmf? (92)Budrfajrmuf kyf&SifaeYESifh (49)Budrfajrmuf kyf&SifoufMuD;ylaZmfyGJtcrf;tem;wGif
tvTmpHk&kyf&Sif twwfynm? todynm&Sifuefawmh
cH oufBuD; (145)OD;udk wpfOD;vQif tvSLaiG usyf (2)
od e f ; ausmf vS L 'gef ; cJ h a Mumif ; jref r mEd k i f i H k y f & S i f
tpnf;tHk;rS OD;atmifcdkifu ajymonf/
]]uefawmhcHoufBuD;awGudk jrefrmEdkifiHkyf&Sif
tpnf;tHk;u wpfa,muf(1)odef;? Sky Net u vnf;
(1)odef;? aemuf a&TFMuvnf; vSLwmawG &Sdawmh
wpfa,muf (2)odef;ausmfavmuf vSL&wm aygh}}[k
OD ; atmif c d k i f u ajymonf / uef a wmh c H k y f & S i f
twwfynm? todynm orm;rsm; a&G;cs,fa&;ESifh
ywf o wf N yD ; touf ( 70) ES i f h t xuf &S d o l u d k
uefawmhcyH *k Kd vftjzpf owfrw
S x
f m;um a&G;cs,fxm;aMumif; if;u qufajymonf/ ]]touf (70) uaepNyD; owfrw
S af wmh
'DrmS qdt
k ouf(90)ausmfawG ygw,f/ bbOD;wif,?k bbbdu
k av;wifah tmifwyYkd gw,f/ ti,fq;kH u (70) yg/ 'DrmS a&G;&mrSm
kyf&SifokyfaqmifyJ r[kwfbl;/ twwfynm&SifawGvnf; ygw,f/ZmwfnTef;?'gdkufwmeJYtjcm; ynm&SifawGvnf;
yg0ifygw,f}} [kajymonf/ tqdkyg tcrf;tem;udk (2012)ckESpf?atmufwdkbmv?(14)&ufu jrefrmEdkifiHkyf&Siftpnf;
t&Hk;?0*Fbmvrf;wGif usif;ycJhjyD; jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;XmerS 'kwd,0efBuD;OD;ydkufaxG;wuf a&mufcJhum (92)Budrfajrmuf
kyf&SifaeYtcrf;tem;udk 'k0efBuD;OD;ydkufaxG;? bdkuav;wifhatmif? a':jrifhjrifhcifESifh a':pH&Sm;wifwdkYu zJMudK;jzwf
zGifhvSpfay;cJhaMumif; od&onf/ ]]udk,fhxuf0gormBuD;wJholawGudk &dk;&m"avhwpfcktaeeJY ckvdkuefawmh&wm wu,fudk
0rf;ajrmuf&ygw,f/aemifESpfawGrSm 'DxufydkvkyfEdkifzdkY arQmfvifhygw,f}}[k kyf&Sifokyfaqmiftu,f'rDaewdk;u ajymonf/
tcrf;tem;wGif oufMuD;uefawmhcHyk*dKvfrsm;udk uefawmhNyD;aemuf ,cifkyf&Sifpdef&wkobifwGif 'gdkufwm OD;Munfpdk;xGef;
dkuful;cJhonfh Zmwfvrf;udk tu,f'rDudkudka|;u ZmwfnTef;jyefcGJum 'gdkufwm OD;cifarmifcsif;? Loreal oifwef;ausmif;rS
tEkynm oifwef;ol^om;rsm;u jyefvnfujycJMh uaMumif; od&onf/ 'ghtjyif jr*Edik t
f oHww
d f Zmwfvrf;udk e*dak &S;rlrysuf
ujycJah Mumif; od&onf/ ]]jr*Edik u
f aemufuae ajywDO;D ?td`EmausmfZifeUJ OD;atmifcikd w
f Ykd yg0ifrmS yg/ 'DEpS rf mS xl;xl;qef;qef;av;jzpfatmif vkyaf y;wmyg}}[k
okyfaqmif'gdkufwm OD;cifarmifcsif;u ajymonf/ jrefrmhkyf&SifaeY tcrf;tem;wGif ESpfpOfusif;yavh&Sdaom pwk'dwmauR;arG;jcif;rsm; yg0ifcJhNyD;
e'D x d k u f
kyf&Sifxkwfvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh okyfaqmifrsm;rS qdkifcef;rsm; zGifhvSpfum tauR;tarG;rsm;jzifh auR;arG;cJhaMumif;odonf/

29

atmifZrLawm&"r&dyfomq&mawmfxHodkY
rpwmulrmEdkrS Ak'& kyfymG ;awmfrsm;vSL'gef;
Sanyo Elevator wifoGif;jcif;

rdwfquftcrf;tem; usif;y

&efukef? atmufwkdbm(17)&u
m(17)&uf
Asia Penang Myanmar Co., Ltd rS wifoGif;aom
Sanyo Elevator ukefypnf;rdwfqufjcif;tcrf;tem;udk

(2012)ckESpf? atmufwkdbm(17)&uf n(7)em&DwGif

&efukefNrdKU? uefawmfBuD;yef;NcHtwGif;&Sd
White Rice Restaurant rSm usif;ycJhonf/
tqkdyg tcrf;tem;wGif rav;&Sm;EkdifiHrS Sanyo
Elevator SDN. BHD. rS Managing Director

&efuek w
f ikd ;f a'oBuD;? ajrmufyikd ;f c&dik ?f arSmb
f ND rdKUe,f? a&jym&Gm&Sd atmifZrLawm&
"r&yd o
f mq&mawmfo'ra Zmwdub'Ey@0HoxHoYkd *syefEikd if o
H m;rpwmulrmEdk (Mr.
Komano) rS Ak'kyfyGm;qif;wkawmfrsm;vSL'gef;yGJudk 2012 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv
18 &ufaeY reufydkif;u tqdkyg"r&dyfom usif;yjyKvkyfonf/
rpwmulrmEdkvSL'gef;onhf qif;wk awmfrsm;onf vGefcJhaom (6)ESpfausmfcefY
rSp if;MunfndKESpfoufaomaMumifh 0,f,lpkaqmif;cJhjcif;NyD; ,ckatmifZrL awm&
q&mawmfxHvSL'gef;vdkpdwf jzpfay:vm qif;wkawmftqlaygif;(300)eD;yg;cefYudk vm
a&mufvSL'gef;cJhonf/ vSL'gef;&jcif;ESifhywfouf yxOD;qHk;0,f,lyifhaqmifcJhaom
,Gef;bk&m;udk pwifudk;uG,fcJh&m ol\vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGif tqifajyaMumif;?
rEav;NrdKUodkY bk&m;zl;a&mufaomtcg pdwfxJwGifMunfndKESpfoufaomrsufESmawmf
ESifh rkj'm&Sdaom&kyfyGm;awmfudkawGU&Sdygu 0,f
,lpkaqmif;jzpfcJhaMumif;ESifh vGefcJhoaom(6)
ESpfausmfcefYu yk*Ha&S;a[mif;bkef;BuD;ausmif;
udk jyKjyifwt
hJ csed w
f iG f yk*rH b
S &k m;qif;wkawmftrsKd ;rsKd ;onf ae&mtESUH tjym;wGif zl;awGU&Ak'b
momjrefrmvlrsKd ;rsm;twGuf
wpfae&mwnf;qif;wkawmfrdsK;pHkudk zl;arQmifapvdkaompdwfqEjzifh ,ckuJhodkYvSL'gef;&jcif;jzpfaMumif; rpwmulrmEdku
r,fokef "gwfyHk-aZmfrif;Edkif
vQyfwpfjyufodkY ajymMum;cJhonf/

[efjy
jynfo&Yl ifjyifwiG Mf unh&f awmhrnfw
U ifarmifqef;rif;0if;&Gux
f nfyHk JG

DATO' CHINudk,fwkdifwufa&mufcJhNyD;

OD;pGm EIwfcGef;qufpum;ajymMum;ay;cJhonf/
xkdYaemuf Asia Penang Myanmar Co., Ltd rS
Mr Bo Mya rS topfwifoGif;vmonfh
Sanyo Elevator \ t&nftaoG;udk ykd*sufwmjzifh
&Sif;vif;wifjyay;&mwGif ]]Sanyo rS xkwfvkyfaom
"mwfavSum;trsdK;tpm;rsm;pGm&Sdygw,f/
udk,fhtdrfrSm vkyfcsifwJh'DZkdif;udk pdwfwkdif;us
Order tyfvkdY&ygw,f/ uGef'kd(okdYr[kwf)
pm;aomufqkdifawGrSmyJ wyfqif? wyfqif
txyf(3?4)xyf&SdwJh udk,fykdiftdrfawGrSm a&Ta&mif?
uEkwfyef;awGeJY tvSqifxm;wJhuGmvwDjrihfjrifh
Sanyo "mwfavSum;rsm;udk
pdwfwkdif;us0efaqmifrIay;rSmjzpfygw,f/
um;yguifae&mtcuftcJtwGuf *syefEkdifiH&Sd
SanoyrS pwifxkwfvkyfonfh[kduf'a&mvpfeJY
jyKvkyfxm;wJhae&mwpfae&mwnf;rS wpfcgwnf;
&yfvkdY&r,fh List System awGvnf; yg&Sdygr,f/
udk,fykdiftdrfrSm wyfqifvkdY&r,f Home Elevator
ygr,f/Oa&myeJY ta&SUawmiftmSwcsdKUwkdif;jynfawG&JU
pm;aomufqkdifawGrSm okH;aeMuNyDjzpfwJhtay:xyf?
atmufxyf vlrvkdyJ u,f&Dvkyfp&mrvkdwJh
ae&mrsm;pGm ,lp&mrvkdwJh[if;yGJawGudk ydkYaqmifay;wJh
Dumb Waiter ygr,f/
taqmufttkHta[mif;awGxJrSmvnf;
wyfqifcsif&ifvnf; Sanyo &JU System eJY
wyfqifay;Ekdifygw,f}} [k &Sif;vif;ajymMum;cJhygonf/
Nzd K ;ouf

30

wif a rmif q ef ; rif ; 0if ; \ &G u f

xnf H k y G J azsmf a jzrI t pD t pOf r sm;ES i f h
ywfouf pme,fZif;rsm;odkY todday;
&Sif;vif;jcif;udk (7?10?2012)&ufwGif
&efuek Nf rdKU?pifx&,f[w
kd ,f usif;y&m
&Gufxnf&HkyGJ tpDtpOfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;
pdefyef; Entertainment rS ywjrm;
aucdkifu vnf;aumif;? t"duyHhydk;
ul n D a om y&D r D , maumf z D u k r P D r S
Assistant Marketing Manager

OD;atmifausmfrdk;u yHhydk;ulnD&jcif;ESifh
ywfoufvnf;aumif;? azsmfajzyGw
J iG f
yg0ifwifqufrnhf tEkynmydkif;qdkif&m
rsm;ESifh ywfouf wifarmifqef;rif;
0if;uvnf;aumif;? pme,fZif;rsm;
ud,
k pf m;rk'w
d mpum;udk tvif;
wef ; *sme,f E S i f h a&T t jrKaw
r* Z if ; t,f ' D w mcsKyf q &m
OD ; 0if ; Nid r f ; uvnf ; aumif ; ?
trSww
f &pum;udk wufa&muf
vmaom tEk y nm&S i f r sm;
ud,
k pf m;zd;k oBuFe(f qdik ;f )rS vnf;
aumif ; toD ; oD ; ajymMum;
onf/
wif a rmif q ef ; rif ; 0if ; \

&Gufxnf&HkyGJudk atmufwdkbmv? (19)&ufESifh(20)&ufrsm;wGif &efukef

NrdKU? jynfolY&ifjyifwGif npOf(7)em&DrS pwifujyazsmfajzrnfjzpfNyD;
n0ufpepfjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ if;azsmfajzyGJwGif a&Tref;obif
wifarmifqef;rif;0if;tzGJUESifhtwl qef;0if;? csrf;om? eef;0if;? rdk;0if;?
rdk;rif;? ZH[def;? [efZmrdk;0if;? pGrf;Zmenf? eef;cifarT;? wifZmrdk;0if;? ar
wifarmifqef;0if;? zl;pHk? aruAsm? qkyefxGm? cifav;EG,f? *sif;eD?
oEmvif;? 'gvDvif;? aejcnfNidrf;csrf;wdkYESifhtwl acwfay:aw;*Dw
azsmfajzrIwiG f ausmfausmfA?kd xGe;f xGe;f (Example)? rd;k rd;k ? &Jav;? rif;aoG;
wdkYrS yg0ifwifqufMurnfjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
r,fokef?&wem

pma&;q&mroD&pd \
H tnw&ol&aJ umif;aw;pD;&D;eJyY wfoufNy;D ar;jref;cJ&h m
tpfr'DoDcsif;av;awGudkqdkjzpfwmuawmh udkaqmif;OD;vdIifeJYudkOum
OD;omeJYu pifumylrSmawGUBuNyD;
awmhtpfrtaMumif;av;awGudk
[dka&mufonfa&mufajymjzpfMu
w,f/ tpfruvnf; udkOumudk
[d k w pf a vmupxm;rd w J h o D c sif ;
awG bmawG w pf c gwav ol
i,fcsif;awG i,fi,fu
olatmf*ifwD;?tpfrwdkYu
qd k a ygh / oif w ef ; qif ; yG J
awGrSm aemufBuHKwJhtcg
vnf ; ol u atmf * if w D ;
vdkuf tpfrwdkYutaysmf
atmf q d k & if ; qd k v d k u f a ygh
aemf / twD ; wjcm;?tqd k
wjcm;awGuawmh tpfr
wd k Y v k y f c J h M uw,f / tJ h ' geJ Y
udkaqmif;OD;vdIifu tqdk
awmftopfawGyJoluvdk
csifw,fbmnm eJaY jymjzpf
Muw,fxifygw,f/ tJ'DtxJrSmolU oli,fcsif;r*Dodw,fr[kwfvm; r*Du
awmhi,fi,fuuRefawmfeJY oDcsif;qdkaeus tJ'Dawmhr*Duawmhqdkwwfw,f/
toHuawmhydkufvHk;xJua&tjynfhvmwJhtoHrsdK;ayghaemf/ qdkwwfzdkYawmhudk
aqmif;OD;vdIifuoifvdkufaygh/ tJ'DvdkajymwJhtcgMuawmh r*D&,fwJhuRefawmfh
qDwpfcsufavmufqufoG,fay;ygvm; qdkNyD;awmh oGm;awGUawmhrS r*DtoHudk
ppfMunfhw,f/ ppfMunfhawmhtoHutpfreJYqdkvdkY&w,f/ qdkwwfzdkYawmhvdk
ao;wmayghaemf/ oDcsif;awGeJYtpfreJYuvnf;awmfawmfuif;uGmaewmMumvSNyD/
tJ'aD wmhuakd qmif;OD;vdiI u
f tpfrudo
k cD sif;av; (2)yk'jf yw,f/ oDcsif;av;(2)yk'pf vH;k &JUpmom;awG[mt&rf;aumif;w,f/
tpfrpdwfxJrSmBudKufw,f/ tpfru[kwfNyD udkaqmif;OD; uRefrBudK;pm;NyD;qdkMunfhr,fayghaemf/ aemufwpfckut"du
uawmhudkaqmifOD;u&nf&G,fcsufaumif;wmaygh/ 'DtacGbmhaMumifhvkyfw,fqdkwmudk tpfrudk&Sif;jyw,f/ ol&Sif;jywJh
tcgMuawmhtJ'D&nf&G,fcsufaumif;awGaMumifh tpfruyg0ifjzpfwmyg/'Dtnw&aw;pD;&D;rSmuaw;oDcsif;(11)
yk'favmufygygw,f/ tpfruawmh(2)yk'fqdkygw,f/ qdkjzpfwmuvnf;oDcsif;awGuobm0qefwJhoDcsif;av;awGrsm;
w,f/ aemuftcspfocD sif;qdv
k nf;tcspfuOkd ;D pm;ay;NyD; a&;xm;wmrsdK;r[kwb
f eJ YJ wu,fh ;kd d;k om;om;av;awGayghaemf/
'Dtwdkif;tqdkawmfoD;oefYoD&dpHtaeeJYvkyfr,fqdktpfrtwGufu 'DtqdkawmfvkyfzdkYtwGuft&rf;vG,fygw,f/
aiG;a&;aMu;a&;uvnf; tpfrrSmylp&mrvdkbl;/ tpfrrSmrD'D,mydkif;tiftm;eJYtpfrrSmvufeufawGtrsm;BuD;&SdNyD;om;
ayghaemf/ajym&&ifawmhtpfrrSm q&mOD;0if;Nidrf;?q&mOD;jrwfcdkif?udkrsdK;(armifrsdK;aMumifESpfaumif)ESifhpme,fZif;armifESr
awGuvnf; tpfrrdom;pkvdkjzpfaewJhtwGuftpfrbmrS pdk;&drfaMumifhMup&mrvdkygbl;/ vkyfcsif&iftpfrtqdkawmfwpf
a,muftaeeJYvkyfvdkufvdkYvnf;&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fhtckvdkrsdK; kwfw&uf Chance jzpfNyD;awmh qdkvdkuf&wJhaMumif;u
awmh vlrIa&;tacGav;rdkYvdkY tpfrapwemt&if;cHav;eJYtoHvSLvdkufwJhoabmygyJ/ tnw&aw;pD;&D;tacGADpD'Dudk
awmh'DZifbmeJYZefe0g&Dvqef;ydkif;avmufrSxGufr,fxifygw,f/ tEkynmeJYywfoufvdkYuawmh tpfrtckaMumfjim
awGdkufw,f/tpfrudkvnf;cspfvdkYtpfrrdwfaqGawGutck Win & San pdefa&T&wemqdkifqdkifaMumfjimawmhdkufxm;
w,f/ vef;qef;tudkuftcJaysmufaq;aMumfjimudk tpfr&,f? EdkifEdkif? Boby Soxxer vTrf;ydkifwdkYygwJh 'DaMumfjimav;
udkawmh rMumcifrSm wDADGrSmvTifhr,f/ 'guawmh tpfrtvkyfwpfzufeJYvkyfMunfhwmayghaemf/ aemuftpfru udkaqmif;
OD;vdIifa&;wmav;awGudk tpfrBudKufwJhtwGufudk,fydkifoHpOfoDcsif;topfav;awGudkpkaqmif;xm;w,f/ tacG
xGufzdkYtpDtpOf&Sdvm;qdkawmh A,fvifwdkif;a';trDav;awmh tpfrA,fvifwdkif;a';xGufwJhOyrmudkaqmif;OD;
vdIifpDpOfjzpfw,fqdk&ifawmh tpfrxufNyD;awmh udkaqmif;OD;vdIifeJYvkyfjzpfr,fayghaemf/ wpfa,mufwnf;oD;oefYuawmh
tpfrrvkyfjzpfao;ygbl;/ 'Duav;awGeJYtckvdkrsdK;oDcsif;qdkjzpfNyD;oGm;NyDqdkawmh 'gprdNyD;oGm;NyD;ayghaemf/ prdNyDqdk&ifawmh
vnf; tpfruwpfcgwavpdwfxGufayguftaeeJYvkyfcsifvnf;vkyfrSmaygh[k q&mroD&dpHrSajymMum;cJhonf/
TTM

vGwfvyfcGifhukd arQmfvifhxm;wJhum&m

armifarmifatmif
umwGe;f avmuwGif tESp(f 30)eD;yg;
usifvnfcJhwJhumwGef;q&m armifarmif
atmif[m tar7dum;rSm(11)ESpfausmf
aexdkifcJhNyD;aemuf olY&JUtEkynmvkyf
ief;rsm;ukd jyefvnfvkyfudkifzkdY&m jrefrm
EdkifiHukd jyefvnfa&muf&SdvmcJhygw,f/
tar&dum;rSm&SdpOftcgwnf;u umwGef;
q&maomfu&JUtrSwfw&jyyGJukd wpfzuf
wpf v rf ; uaetul t nD j yKcJ h w J h q &m
armifarmifatmifukd ,ckjrefrmEdkifiHukd
jyefvnfa&muf&v
dS mwJt
h csderf mS umwGe;f
avmutwGuf b,fvt
kd usdK;jyKvkyif ef;
awGukd vkyfudkifr,fqkdwmukd ajymMum;
cJ h & muRef a wmf t ar&d u m;uk d x G u f o G m ;
wmu (2001)avmuf x J u qk d a wmh
tckqkd(11)ESpfavmuf&SdNyD/ tJ'Da&muf
wkef;awmh umwGef;jyyGJ(2)yGJavmufawmh
vkyjf zpfw,f/ uk,
d w
f idk u
f vnf; 'Dtvkyf
eJYruif;Edkifao;awmh avhvmaewmyJ
wjcm;pD ; yG m ;a&;vk y f a ew,f q k d a yr,f h
pdwfu&Sdaeao;w,f? jrefrmEkdifiHukd jyef
vmw,fqkdwmuvnf; vkyfcGifhykd&Sdwm
awGvnf;ygw,f? uRefawmfu ESpf(30)
avmuf ' D t vk y f a wG y J vk y f v mwmqk d

toH;k csEidk if aH &;odyyH nmESit

hf jcm;
acwfopfynm&yfrsm;ynm'geykcYd srnf
Unity Education Programme rS

BuD;rSL;
toHk;csEkdifiHa&;odyHynm (2012^2)ukd
ynm'getpDtpOftjzpf (2012)ckESpf?
Ekd0ifbmvtwGif; Unity Education Centre wGif
we*FaEGaeYwkdif; aeYv,f(1)em&DrS nae (4)em&Dtxd
(11?11?2012)&ufrSp oifwef;umv(1)vMum
zGifhvSpfrnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
tqkdygoifwef;wGif EkdifiHwumtajccHOya't&yf&yfukd
EIdif;,SOfavhvmjcif;ESifhyx0DEkdifiHa&;wkdYukd
aqG;aEG;ykdYcsrnfjzpfNyD; tjcm;acwfopfynm&yfrsm;ukd
(2013)ckESpf? Zefe0g&DvrSp ynm'getjzpf
qufvufoifMum;ykdYcsoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
oifwef;wufa&muf&ef pdwf0ifpm;olrnfolrqkd
rdrd\ukd,fa&;tcsuftvuftusOf;csKyfukd
"mwfyHk(2)yHkESifhtwl oifwef;zGifhvSpfrnfh Unity
Education Centre tcef; (3)? yxrxyf?
trSwf(284^286)?a&Twd*Hkbk&m;vrf;?'*HkNrdKUe,f?&efukefokdY
avQmufvTmay;ykdYEkdifNyD; zkef;(095143176?
0973193561)okdY qufoG,fpHkprf;EkdifaMumif;od&onf/
HH

tjzpfreS f

awmh pdwfxJrSm 'gawGyJ&Sdw,f/ tEkynmeJYoufqkdifwJhtvkyfawGyJ qufvkyfjzpfr,f? tvsOf;oifh&ifawmh

ukd,fhavmutwGuf wpHkwcktaxmuftyHhay;csifwJh&nf&G,fcsufawmh&Sdw,f/ uRefawmfeJY wkdufkduf
ywfoufwyhJ *k Kd vfawGudk umwGe;f 0if;armifeq
YJ &maomfuaygh/ olw&Ydk UJ tEkynmt&nftaoG;ukd uk,
d w
f idk v
f nf;
BuHKcJh&w,f/ olwdkYeJYtckaemufwufvmwJhrsdK;qufawG t&rf;[aewJhtwGuf odapcsifw,f? 'Dtwkdif;BuD;NyD;
oGm;rSmvnf;pk;d &draf ew,f/ tJ't
D csderf mS yJ q&matmfyu
D s,fu udak omfutxdr;f trSwv
f yk rf ,fqNdk yD; qufo,
G f
vmw,f/ uRefawmfvnf;&nf7G,fxm;wm&Sdawmh wD&SyfawGkdufNyD;awmh tar&dum;uaeydkYay;vkdufw,f/
tJ'DyJGav;u atmifjrifw,fvkdYawmfawmfrsm;rsm;uajymMuw,f/ uRefawmftckumwGef;0if;armif&JUyGJav;
vkyfzkdY&nfpl;xm;w,f/ wpfck&Sdwmu a&mif;yGJvkyfzkdYr[kwfbl;? a&S;vlawGu b,fvkdtm;xkwfcJhw,fqkdwm
ukdodapcsifw,f/ a&mufa&mufcsif;txmusatmifvkyfNyD; 'DyGJav;jzpfatmifvkyf&r,f/ t"duuawmh
b0ukd&if;NyD; 'Dynmukdvkdufpm;cJhwJhvlawG&SdcJhw,fqkdwmukd aemufvlawGodapcsifwm? t&ifuvlawGu
olwdkYb0&JUtpdwftydkif;awGukd jrKyfESHNyD;vkyfcJhwJhtEkynmtm;ukd aemufxyfb,fvdkrSrawGEdkifawmhbl;?
uRefawmfumwGef;eJYywfoufNyD; EdkifiHjcm;u pkaqmif;vmwmawGtrsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ uRefawmf Library
wpfckzGifhr,f? taysmfoabmawmhr[kwfbl;/ pdwf0ifpm;wJholawGudkawmh Library rSm&SdwJh File awGukd
Copy vmvkyfEkdifw,f/ uRefawmf Internet uae Download vkyfxm;wJh Animation awG Illustration
awGudk pdwf0ifpm;jrwfEkd;olawG vmavhvmEdkfifatmif &nf&G,fxm;w,f/ bmvkdYvJqkdawmh uRefawmfwkdYqDdrSm
umwGef;oifwef;ausmif;vnf;&Sdwmr[kwfbl;? yef;csDeJYvnf;rywfoufawmh oD;jcm;ynm&yfwpfckjzpfaew,f/
'gukd tcsif;csif;vufqifhurf;zkdYvkdw,f/ uRefawmfwkdY,lwJhtcsdefwkef;u ,lcJhNyD;NyDqkdawmh tckjyefay;&r,fh
tcsdefa&mufNyDav? ukd,fvkyfay;EdkifwJhtcsdef tcGifhaumif;&wkef;vkyfay;zdkY &nf&G,fxm;w,f/ uRefawmfhjyyGJ
awGvkyfzdkY&Sdw,f/ Sponeor vnf;&Sdw,f? &ufawmhraocsmao;ygbl;? uRefawmfwkdYu ynm&Sifr[kwf
awmhbJ okawoDjzpfoGm;rSmyJaMumufae&w,f? xkwfukefr&SdbJoGif;ukefyJ&SdaewmrsdK;aygh/ avhvmNyD; jyefxkwf
vkyfzkdYvkdw,f? udpwpfckrSm tm;emp&m&Sdae&ifawmh azmfjyvkdYtqifrajyawmhbl;? tm;em;p&m r&dSbl;qkd&if
a&;wJhvlrSm a7;zkdYus,f0ef;oGm;NyD 'gaMumifhvGwfvyfcGifhukdawmh arQmfvifhygw,fvkdYajymMum;cJhygw,f/
NL

Snap Shot News Journal

PH : 09-73204192,
09.73203273, 09-5502618

31

a&T(3)ESpfjynhf
tcrf;tem;pnfum;atmifjrifpGm
usi;f y

a&T FM \ (3)ESpfjynhftxdrf;trSwftcrf;tem;udk
(6?10?12)&ufaeY nydkif;wGif &efukefNrdKU? NrdKUr
ausmif;vrf;&Sd trsdK;om;ZmwfkHwGifusif;y&m
t*r[moD&dok"rod*a':eDeDESifhtu,f'rDOD;aeatmifwdkYrS
zJBudK;jzwftcrf;tem;udk zGifhvSpfay;onf/ xdkYaemuf
Dancer tzGJUrsm;?aw;oDcsif;rsm;jzifh
azsmfajzrIrsm;?qkcsD;jrSifhjcif;rsm;udk tvSnhfusjyKvkyf&m
tpDtpOfwifqufolrsm;tjzpf ausmfausmfAdk
ESifh&Jav;wdkYrSaqmif&GufMuonf/ qkrsm;csD;jrSifh&mwGif
a&Tem;aomwqifolqk&&SdaomrGefjynfe,frS rcsdKZifOD;tm;
jrefrmEdkifiH&kyf&Siftpnf;t&Hk;
'kwd,Ou|tu,f'rDvlrif;uvnf;aumif;?Business
Partner of the Year qk&&Sdaoma&TplygvdkufukrPDtm;
t*r[moD&o
d "k ro*d a ':eDerD v
S nf;aumif;?taumif;qH;k pHw
k aJG w;
aw;jyKpmqdkqk&Sdaom[oFmwxGef;&iftm;
jrefrmEdkifiH*Dwtpnf;t&Hk;Ou|OD;wifOD;av;

xl;jcm;vSw*hJ syefEikd if o
H m;tvSL&Sirf pwmulrmEdk
Ak'bmomjrefrmvlrdsK;rsm;taejzifhY o'gw&m;xufoefpGmeJYtvSLtwef;rsm;udk vSL'gef;jyKvkyf
avh&ydS gw,f/ jrefrmvlrsdK;rsm;taeeJaY wmif vSL'gef;&ef cJ,Of;wJh Ak'& yk yf mG ;awmftqlaygif;(300)cefu
Y kd
wpfpw
k pfpnf;wnf; vSL'gef;aom*syefEikd if o
H m;rpwmulrmEdt
k m; vSL'gef;jzpfyu
kH kd ar;jref;jzpfygw,f/
]]vGecf w
hJ ahJ jcmufEpS af usmf ckepfEpS af vmufu yk*rH mS a&S;a[mif;bke;f awmfBuD;ausmif;wpfausmif;
udk jyKjyifay;cJhzl;ygw,f/ tJ'Dbkef;BuD;ausmif;u tacsmxnfNyD;oGm;wmawmh wpfESpfausmfyJ&Sdao;
w,f/ tJ'b
D ek ;f awmfBuD;ausmif;udk aoaocsmcsm jyKjyifvLS 'gef;NyD;wJt
h cgrSm ax&0g' Ak'w
&m;awmf
udk awmfawmfav;em;vnfcyhJ gw,f/ yxrOD;qH;k 0,f,cl w
hJ ,
hJ eG ;f bk&m;qd&k if rEav;u qdik w
f pfqikd f
rSmawGUvdkY t&ifqHk;zl;cJh&ygw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ o'gpdwfawGaygufNyD;awmh0,f,lcJhNyD; tckaewJh
yef;vdIiftdrf&mrSm yxrqHk;yifhaqmifudk;uG,fcJhygw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefupvdkY bk&m;qif;wkawmfawGudk
tdrrf mS 0,f,pl ak qmif;NyD; uk;kd uG,jf zpfygw,f/ tckvLS 'gef;wJb
h &k m;awGukd vGecf w
hJ hJ ajcmufEpS af usmf
avmufupvdkY 0,f,lpkaqmif;cJhwmjzpfNyD; qif;wkawmftm;vHk;&&SdzdkYtwGufawmh (1)ESpfausmfausmf
avmuftcsde,
f cl &hJ ygw,f/ &nf&G,fcsufuawmh yk*Hua&S;a[mif;bkef;BuD;ausmif;udk jyKjyifwJh
tcsdefwkef;u yk*HrSmbk&m;qif;wkawmftrsdK;rsdK;[m ae&mtESHUtjym;rSm zl;awGU&w,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm
bk&m;awG tckvdkjyefYaer,hftpm; wpfae&mxJrSmyHkpHrsdK;pHk? rkj'mrsdK;pHkeJY&SdaeNyD;awmh Ak'bmom
jrefrmvlrsdK;awG[m wpfae&mwnf;rSm wpfpkwpfpnf;xJ bk&m;tpHkudkzl;Edkif&if odyfaumif;rSmyJvdkY
awG;rdw,f/ aemufwpfcsufu pdwfxJrSmvnf; wpfa,mufa,mufu rif;'gawGudk pkpnf;NyD;
awmh wpfae&mwnf;rSm jywdkufwpfckvdkrsdK;xm;Edkifr,fqdk&if igwdkYAk'bmomjrefrmawGtaeeJY
awmf a wmf a v;ud k tqif a jyvd r f h r ,f v d k Y ajymovd k r sd K ;vnf ; cH p m;&vd k Y y g/ uRef a wmf
&efuek rf mS &Sad ewJt
h csderf mS qd&k if yxrqH;k yihaf qmifcw
hJ ,
hJ eG ;f bk&m;a&SUrSmreufb&k m;&Scd ;kd wdik ;f qkawmif;
avh&Sdwmu 'Dqif;wkawmfawGtukefvHk;udk wpfae&mwnf;rSm wpfpkwpfa0;wnf;crf;crf;em;em;ususee zl;ajrmfcsifygw,fqdkwJhqkyg/ tckwpfacgufrSmawmh
rdwfaqGudkpdk;vGifrdwfqufay;vdkY atmifZrLawm&q&mawmfeJYawGU&awmh vSL'gef;vdkpdwfjzpfNyD; q&mawmfudkavQmufvdkufygw,f/ q&mawmfrSmvnf;
vkyfEdkifwJhtiftm;eJY qif;wkawmftukefvHk;xm;Edkifr,fhae&mvnf;&SdvdkY awmfawmfav;0rf;omrdNyD; tckvdk vSL'gef;jzpfcJhwmyg/ Ak'&kyfyGm;awmftqlaygif;
(300)eD;yg;&SNd yD; 'D&yk yf mG ;awmfawG tm;vH;k udk rEav;u bk&m;qif;wkawmfa&mif;wJq
h ikd rf mS ud,
k Mf unfnKd ESpo
f ufwrhJ sufEmS awmf&,f? rkj'm&,f&w
dS hJ yk yf mG ;awmfukd
aps;ar;NyD; MunfndKo'gpdwfaygufvdkY 0,f,lcJhwmjzpfygw,f/ 'Dausmif;rSmvSLjzpf&wJhtaMumif;t&if;uawmh udkpdk;vGifeJYu vGefcJhwJh(10)ESpfavmufuwnf;u
tvkyfvkyf&if; cifrif&if;ESD;cJhwJhrdwfaqGjzpfygw,f/ udkpdk;vGifudk bk&m;qif;wkawmfawGvSLcsifwJhtaMumif;ajymawmh'Dausmif;ukd ac:vmygw,f/ q&mawmf
oHCmawmftrsm;BuD;udk zl;jrifawGUcJah yr,fh cHpm;rIb,fvrkd rS &Scd yhJ gbl;/q&mawmfuzkd ;l jrifvu
kd &f wJt
h cgrSmawmh b,fvrkd eS ;f rodwhJ cHpm;rIrsdK;udk jzpfay:cJ&h ygw,f/
'Dq&mawmfomqdk&if 'Dqif;wkawmfawGtukefvHk;udk xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufEdkifrSmyJ? tm;vHk;udk;uG,fzdkYtwGufvnf; tqifajyEdkifrSmyJvdkY pdwfxJrSmjzpfay:NyD;
ESpf&ufoHk;&uftwGif;rSmyJ vSLjzpfoGm;ygw,f/ 'DaeYcHpm;csufuawmhqif;wkawmfawGudk zl;jrif&wJhtcgrSmAk'qif;wkawmfawG&JU rsufESmawmfawGtm;vHk;[m
NyHK;aewJhtwGuf pdwfxJrSm MunfEl;csrf;ajrUrIqdkwJhcHpm;rIudkcHpm;&ygw,f/ tJ'DvdkyJ 'Dausmif;uq&mawmfudkzl;awGUvdkuf&wJhtcgrSmvnf; bk&m;qif;wkawmfudk
zl;jrif&wJhcHpm;rIrsdK;cHpm;&ygw,f/ 'DaeYtvSLvkyfwJhtcgrSm bk&m;qif;wkawmfawGtm;vHk;&JUrsufESmawmfawG[mNyHK;aeovdk q&mawmf&JUNyHK;aewJhrsufESmudk
awGUjrif&wJhtcgrSmvnf; 'Dqif;wkawmfxJu wpfqlqltouf0ifNyD; oGm;aeoa,mifa,mifawmifxifjrifrdygw,f/ 'DvdkyXmef;qufawGaMumifh &ifxJrSmvnf;
r,fokef
ajymrjyEdkifavmufatmifMunfEl;rdygw,f}} [k ajzMum;cJhygw,f/

(2012)ckEpS f wkwf yk &f iS yf aJG wmf(&efuek )f okhd

wkwfEkdifiHrSemrnfBuD; Aftershock Zmwfum;rS
Zmwfaqmifrif;orD; Xu Fan udk,fwkdifwufa&muf

rSvnf;aumif;?tausmfMum;qHk;aw;oDcsif;qk&&Sdol Bunny
Phyo tm; jrefrmEdkifiH*Dwtpnf;t&Hk;twGif;a&;rSL;
jzLjzLausmfodef;rSvnf;aumif;?&kyf&SifESifh*DwpG,fpHk
xl;cRefqk(trsdK;orD;)qk&&Sdaom0dkif;pkcdkifodef;tm;
pnfola':jrifhjrifhcifrSvnf;aumif;?
taumif;qHk;yGJwuf0wfpm;qif,ifrIqk&Sdaom
tu,f'rDtd`EmausmfZiftm; tvif;wef;*sme,fESifh
a&TtjrKawr*Zif;t,f'DwmcsKyfOD;0if;Nidrf;rSvnf;aumif;?
y&dowf awmif;qdkrItrsm;qHk;trsdK;om;tqdk&Sif
qk&&Sdaomqdkaw;tm;pdkif;pdkif;crf;vdIifrSvnf;aumif;?
y&dowfawmif;qdkrItrsm;qHk;trsdK;orD;tqdk&Sifqk&&Sdaom
atoifcsdKaqGtm; a':eef;armufavm0fqdkifrSvnf;aumif;?
aw;t,fvfbrfqk&SdaomrndKrm(rD;tdrf&Sifaw;pD;&D;
xkwfvkyfoltm; aw;a&;aw;qdkvif;vif;rSvnf;aumif;?
&kyf&SifESifh*DwpG,fpHkxl;cRefqk(trsdK;om;)qk&&Sdaom
tu,f'rD&efatmiftm; tu,f'rDxGef;td`EmAdk
rSvnf;aumif; qkrsm;toD;oD;csD;jrSifhcJhMuonf/
a&TSFM (3)ESpfjynhftxdrf;trSwfyGJonfe,fy,fpHkrS
{nhfy&dowfrsm;pGm wufa&muf trsdK;om;uZmwf&HktwGif;
yvwfpwpfxdkifcHkrsm;jzifhyg ae&mcsxm;cJh&onftxd
pnfum;atmifjrifaMumif; awGUjrifcJh&onf/
r,fokef

32

wk w f j ynf o l U or w Ek d i f i H r S BuD ; rS L ;
usif;yaom wkwfkyf&SifyGJawmf tcrf;
tem;udk(2012)ckESpf? atmufwdkbm(15)
&uf?aeYv,f(2)em&DwGif &efukefNrdKU?tvHjy
bk & m;vrf ; &S d Park Royal Hotel wG i f
usif;ycJhonf/
kyf&SifyGJawmfwGif EkdifiHwumESifhwkwfkyf&SifyGJawmfrsm;wGif qkwHqdyfrsm;
&&Sdxm;aomemrnfBuD;Zmwfum;rsm;udk atmufwkdbm(15)&ufrS(20)&uftxd
aeYv,f(3;30)em&DESifh (6;30)em&Dtcsdefrsm;wGif aejynfawmftqifhjrihfkyf&SifkH
tcrJhjyooGm;rnfjzpfonf/ if;Zmwfum;rsm;rSmvli,fawGrsm;\b0udktajccH
xm;onfhtcspfZmwfum;?ausmif;om;b0udk okyfazmfxm;onfhZmwfum;?
oufBuD;&G,t
f rdk sm;\b0udk rD;armif;xk;d jyxm;onfZh mwfum;? *suv
f \
D emrnfBuD;
Zmwf u m;?wk w f o k d i f ; um;rsm;tygt0if u @pk H ? &opk H ? Zmwf v rf ; pk H jyo

oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
tqdkygkyf&SifyGJawmfwGifyGJOD;xGufjyornfh Aftershock kyf&SifZmwf
um;onf EkdifiHwumkyf&SifyGJawmfqkBuD;awGqGwfcl;&&Sdxm;onfhtjyif
k0H ifaiGtjrihq
f ;Hk pHcsdew
f ifco
hJ nfh Zmwfum;jzpfNyD; if;Zmwfum;wGif yg0if
okyaf qmifco
hJ nft
h "duZmwfaqmifrif;orD; Xu Fan vnf; ,ckyk &f iS f
yGJawmfokdYwufa&mufcJhNyD; Zmwfum;kduful;jcif;ESifhywfoufonfhtawGY
tBuHKrsm;udk ajymMum;cJo
h nf/ wkwf yk &f iS yf aJG wmfoYdk jrefrmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m
wkwfjynfolUorwEkdifiHoHtrwfBuD; Mr. Li Jun Hua ? jynfaxmifpk
orwEkdifiH jrefrmEkdifiHjyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme jrefrmhkyf&Sifvkyfief;
OD;aqmifeT Mf um;a&;rSL; OD;atmifrsdK;jrifEh iS hf jrefrmhtoHEiS hf yk jf rifoMH um;
'kwd,TefMum;a&;rSL;OD;&J0if;? jrefrmEkdifiHqkdif&moHwrmeft&m&Sdrsm;?
jrefrmhkyfSiftpnf;tkH;rSudk,fpm;vS,frsm;? tEkynm&Sifrsm;?owif;ESifh
pme,fZif;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufcJhMuonf/
PMMK

emrnfBuD;aygifrkefhwpfrsdK; ukefqHk;&ufrjynfUao;bJ ukefqHk;

tpm;taomufawGukd uRefrwdpYk m;oH;k olawG b,fv,
kd MkH unfNyD; pm;aomuf&rSe;f rodawmhyg
bl;/ rMumcPqdkovdk*sme,fawGwDADawGxJrSm[dktpm;taomufrSm[dk[mygvdkY? 'D[mygvdkYpm;oHk;
zdkYroifhaMumif; awGUaejrifae&ygw,f/ tckvnf;vmjyefNyDaygifrkefY/vlwdkif;uaygifrkefY0,f&ifukef
qH;k rnf'h w
d u
f Mkd unfNh yD;0,fMuygw,f/ b,ftpm;tpmrqdpk xkww
f &hJ uf?ukeq
f ;kH wJ&h ufawG&ydS gw,f/
uRefrqdkb,faygifrkefYyJ0,f0,f OyrmacgufqGJxkyf?MumZHxkyf?ZD;xkyftqHk;ukefqHk;&ufudkMunfhNyD;rS
0,favh&Sdygw,f/ 'DwpfacgufreufpmudkaygifrkefYeJYauGumtkyfaomufr,fqdkNyD; emrnfBuD;aygifrkefYwpfxkyfudk(350d^-)usyfay;NyD;Hk;udk0,fvmcJhygw,f/
AdkufqmqmeJYauGumtkyfazsmfNyD; aygifrkefYxkyfudkvnf;zGifhvdkufa&maygifrkefYucsOfapmfeHNyD;rdIawmifeJeJvdkufaeygw,f/'geJYuRefrvnf;aemufqHk;&ufausmf
oGm;vdkYxifw,fqdkNyD; aoaocsmcsm'dwfudkjyefMunfhygw,f/uRefrapmapmu0,fvmwkef;u MunfhcJhwJh'dwf(EXP 18 Oct 12) twlwlygyJ/ uRefr0,f
wJh'dwfu(14?10?12)&ufyg 'dwfausmfzdkY(4)&ufawmifvdkyga/o;w,f/&ufpufvdkufwmaemfvdkY pm;oHk;olawGudkjrefjref a&m*g&atmifvkyfaewmyJvdkY/
uRefrtJh'DaygifrkefYudk t&rf;BudKufygw,f/tNrJwrf;vnf;pm;jzpfygw,f/ tckwpfacgufu uRefryJuHqdk;oGm;vdkYvm;rodygbl;/ uRefruemrnfBuD;wHqdyf
udkodyfBudKufygw,f/ emrnfBuD;wHqdyfudkrS BudKufwwfwJhuRefremrnfBuD;wHqdyfwdkif;vnf; raumif;bl;qdkwm aumif;aumif;BuD; odoGm;ygw,f/ uJ
pmzwfy&dowfBuD;vnf;tpm;taomufpm;&ifa&Smif&efaqmif&efav;awGudkMunfhNyD;0,f,lMuygvdkYrSmvdkufcsifygw,f/ aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ Htwe

b,ftcsdefcgrqkd urmESifht0Srf;
vlukeful;cHae&ol? vlarSmifckdoGif;
cHae&oloef;aygif;rsm;pGm&daS eavonf/
xkdvlukeful;rIESifhvlarSmifckdrIwkdYonf
vl o m;wk d Y \ *k P f o d u m uk d xd y g;&ef
tvGeftrif; Ncdrf;ajcmufaeouJYokdY
urmvkH;qkdif&m jyemwpf&yfvnf;
jzpfaeonf/ okdYaMumifhvnf; ukvo
r*taxGaxGnv
D mcHBuD;rS e,fpyfjzwf
ausmf*kdPf;zJGUjypfrIrsm; ESdrfeif;a&;
qk d i f & muG e f A if ; &S i f ; ES i f h , if ; \aemuf
qufwJGpmcsKyfrsm;ukdcsrSwfum e,fpyf
jzwfausmf*P
dk ;f zJ
YG jypfrrI sm; ESrd ef if;a&;
tm;xkwfBudK;yrf;rIukd wpfurmvkH;u
wk;d jrihf aqmif&u
G Mf u&ef wku
d w
f eG ;f xm;
onf/jrefrmEkid if o
H nf xku
d eG Af if;&Si;f ESihf
,if;\aemufqufwJGpmcsKyfwkdY\ tzJGU
0ifEkdifiHtjzpf yg0ifcJYNyD;aemuf jrefrm
Ek d i f i H w G i f v l u k e f u l ; rI wk d u f z suf a &;
twGuf ta&;ygvSonfhvlukeful;rI
wm;qD;umuG,fa&;Oya'ukd xkwfjyef jy|mef;cJYonf/
vlukeful;rI wkdufzsuf&mwGif ta&;wBuD;vkyfaqmif&onfh
e,fy,frsm;rSmokawoejyKjcif;? todynmay;rsm;aqmif&Gufjcif;?
xkdaemufqufwJGpmcsKyfrsm;twkdif;wkd;jrifhaqmif&Gufjcif;? pGrf;&nfjrifh
wifjcif;?wm0ef&dSolrsm;ESifhtjcm;vlrItokdif;t0dkif;wkdY yl;aygif;aqmif
&G u f j cif ; wk d Y tm;jr i f h a qmif & G u f a &;wd k Y y g0if M uonf / vl w pf O D ; uk d xk d o l \
oabmwlnDonfjzpfap? oabmwlnDrIr&dSonfjzpfapacgif;ykHjzwf&ef&nf
&G,fjzifhodrf;oGif;pkaqmif;jcif;? o,f,lykdYaqmifay;jcif;?vJTajymif;jcif;?a&mif;csjcif;?0,f,ljcif;?iSm;&rf;jcif;?
ckdvIHcGifhay;jcif;wkdYaqmif&Guf&mwGif Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;?tiftm;okH;jcif;?tjcm;enf;tEkdiftxufjyKjcif;?aoG;
aqmifac:jcif;?vdrfvnfjcif;?vSnfhjzm;jcif;?tcGifhtmPmukdtvJTokH;pm;jyKjcif;?aiGaMu;(okdYr[kwf) tusdK;
tjrwfukday;jcif;ponfhenf;vrf;rsm;okH;jcif;jyKrIcH&yguvlukeful;cH&jcif;yif jzpfonf/
acgif;ykHjzwfjcif;wGif vdifykdif;qkdif&m tjrwfxkwfjcif;?twif;t"rckdif;apjcif;?t"r0efaqmifrIay;apjcif;?
uRefjyKjcif;?uRefuJYokdYckdif;apjcif;ESifhcEukd,f\tpdwftykdif;tm; xkwf,lz,f&Sm;jcif;wkdY yg0ifMuonf/
vluek u
f ;l rIonfvu
l ek u
f ;l jcif;cH&olw\
Ydk vlt
Y cGit
hf a&;udk jyif;jyif;xefxefcsdK;azmufonfv
h yk &f yfjzpfonf/
xkdokdYcsdK;azmufcH&rIumvtwkdif;twmonf acgif;ykHjzwftjrwfxkwfcHae&onfhumvwpfavQmufvkH;yif
jzpfonf/ESpfESifhcsDum cHpm;cJhMu&onf/ jzpfyGm;onfhae&mrsm;trsdK;rsdK;&dS&m wcsdKUjzpf&yfrsm;onf e,fpyfrsm;
wGifvnf;aumif;? rdcifae&yfESifhtvGeftvSrf;uGma0;onfht&yfa'orsm;wGifvnf;aumif;ponfhtoD;oD;
ae&mrsm;wGif jzpfavY&dSMuonf/
urmay:&dES idk if aH ygif; (137) Edik if w
H iG f (127) Ekid if rH v
S mMuonfh om;aumifrsm; (vluek u
f ;l jcif;cHae&olrsm;)
ukd awGY&dSae&onf/ ESpfpOftenf;qkH; (2 .4)oef;cefY vlukeful;cHaeMu&onf/ aeYpOf(6800)OD;wkdYonf
vlukeful;cHaeMu&onf/tm&Swkdufwpfckwnf;yifvQif (9)oef;rQvlukeful;cHae&onfhb0a&muf&dSaeMuonf/
odomxif&Sm;onfhacgif;ykHjzwftjrwfxkwfrIonf vdifykdif;qkdif&mtjrwfxkwfjcif;yif jzpfonf/vlukeful;jcif;
cH&olrsm;\ (79)&mckdifEIef;onf xkdacgif;ykHjzwfcH&onfhykHpHrsdK;jzifh vlukeful;jcif; cHaeMu&onf/ usef(18)
&mckdifEIef;onf twif;t"rckdif;apcHaeMu&olrsm;jzpfMuonf/ xkdvkyfief;rsm;rSESpfpOfvlukeful;olrsm;\ tusdK;
tjrwf&&dSaiGonf tar&duefa':vmbDvD,sH (30) eD;yg;&dSonf[k cefYrSef;ynm&Sifrsm;u cefYrSef;xm;Muonf/
a&TUajymif;oGm;vmolrsm;ukd vlarSmifckdvkyfjcif;onf tjcm;EkdifiHodkY w&m;r0ifwifykdYay;jcif;jzifh aiGaMu;
tusdK;tjrwf &&dSap&efESifh tjcm;tjrwf&&dSa&;twGuf vkyfukdifMujcif; jzpfonf/ avaMumif;? a&aMumif;ESifh
ukef;aMumif;wkdYrS vlarSmifckdrIvkyfjcif;qkdif&m aemufqufwJGqkdif&m pmcsKyfrsm;wGif tjcm;EkdifiHxJokdY EkdifiHom;
r[kwfbJ? w&m;r0if 0ifxGufEkdif&eftulnDay;jcif;? w&m;r0ifaexkdifEkdifatmiftultnDay;jcif;wkdYukd
tm;ay;tm;ajrmufay;jcif;onf jypfrIusL;vGefjcif; jzpfonf[k jy|mef;xm;onf/xkdYaMumifh a&TUajymif;oGm;
vmolrsm; 4if;wkdYukd,fwkdifoGm;vmjcif;ukd rqkdvdk? xkda&TUajymif;oGm;vmolrsm;ukd vlarSmifckdvkyfolrsm;ukd
t"duxm;um jypfrIusL;vGefol[k jy|mef;owfrSwfMuonf/vlarSmifckdvkyfolrsm;onf aiGaMu;axmufyHYrI?
c&D;oGm;pm&Gupf mwrf;twk jyKvkyrf pI onft
h ultnDrsm; jyKvkyaf y;aumif;ay;Ekid o
f nf/c&D;qk;H Ekid if rH sm; taejzifh
vnf ; 4if ; wk d Y e ,f p yf a 'orsm;wG i f xd e f ; csKyf r I r sm;yk d r k d w k d ; jr i f h v monf h t cg vl a rS m if c k d o rm;rsm;onf
tkyfpkzJGYuma&TUajymif;oGm;vmolrsm;oGm;vmEkdifa&;ESifhtjcm;EkdifiHwGif;okdY 0if a&mufa&;wkdYtwGuf ykdpepfusepGm
vkyfukdifvmMuonf/ odkYaMumifhvnf; a&TUajymif;oGm;vmMuolrsmtzdkY wpfcgw&HtvJGokH;pm;jyKusifhjcif;cH&onfh
tajctaersdK;(okdYr[kwf) tE&m,fusa&mufvG,fonfhtajctaersdK;wkdYESifh BuHKawGUvmMu&onf/4if;wkdY\
b0ukdyifNcdrf;ajcmufcH&onfh tajctaersdK; xdyif&dSvmaeonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH\e,fpyfjzwfausmfvlukeful;rIjzpfpOfrsm;tm;avYvm&mwGif (80)&mckdifEIef;onfwkwfEkdifiHokdY
vnf;aumif;?10&mckdifEIef;onfxkdif;EkdifiHokdY vnf;aumif;?6&mckdifEIef;onfrav;&Sm;EkdifiHokdYvnf;aumif;?
ykdYaqmifcHMu&NyD; jynfwGif;vlukeful;rIonf 4&mckdifEIef;cefY&Sdonfukd awGY&dS&onf/
w&kwfEkdifiHokdY vlukeful;rIonf t"rxdrf;jrm;vufxyf&eftrsdK;orD;i,frsm;tm;a&mif;0,fjcif;jzpfNyD;?
xkdif;EkdifiHwGifrlwkduf&kdufvlukeful;jcif;xufw&m;r0iftvkyfvkyfukdif&mrSwpfqifh vdifrIqkdif&m acgif;ykHjzwfrI
twG u f enf ; rsd K ;pk H v l u k e f u l ; cH & rI j zpf y G m ;cJ Y a Mumif ; awG Y & d S & onf / rav;&S m ;Ek d i f i H o k d Y v nf ; wk d u f & k d u f v l
ukeful;jcif;xufxkdif;EkdifiHrSwpfqifhaoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;NyD;jynfhwefqmjyKjcif;ESifhuav;i,frsm;tm;
t"rawmif;&rf;ckdif;aprIjzpfyGm;cJYaMumif; jzpfpOfrsm;t&avYvmod&dS&onf/
,aeY u r m ay:wG i f w &m;r0if a &T U ajymif ; oG m ;vmaexk d i f M uol O D ; a&rS m oef ; 50cef Y & d S a eNyD j zpf o nf /
w&m;r0ife,fpyfjzwfausmfrIrsm;wGifododomomawGY&dS&onfhtcsufrSm a&TUajymif;oGm;vmolrsm;onf e,fpyf
jzwfausmfEkdif&eftwGuftultnD&,l&efaiGaMu;ay;aqmifMu&jcif;yifjzpfonf/ xkday;aqmifvkduf&onfh
aiG a Mu;tusd K ;tjrwf r sm;ue,f p yf w G i f w m0ef x rf ; aqmif a eMuonf h t pk d ; &trI x rf ; rsm;uk d t *wd w &m;
yk d r k d v k d u f p m;Muap&ef E S i f h t k y f p k z J G Y j ypf r I u sL;vG e f r I r sm;uk d y k d r k d t m;ay;tm;ajr m uf j zpf a eapayonf / vl u k e f
ul;rIESifha&TUajymif;oGm;vmolrsm;tm;vlarSmifckdrIonftcsif;csif;csdwfqufqufpyfaeMuonfhtaMumif;
w&m;rsm;yifjzpfonf/Oya'aMumif;t&qkdvQif jypfrIusL;vGefykHcsif;awmh uJGjym;jcm;em;onf/ a&TUajymif;
oG m ;vmol r sm;uk d vl a rS m if c k d v k y f o nf h w &m;r0if v k y f & yf w G i f w&m;r0if e ,f p yf j zwf a usmf r I ( od k Y r [k w f )

EkdifiHwpfEkdifiHwGif EkdifiHom;r[kwfbJ?
tNrJaexkdifolr[kwfbJw&m;r0ifae
xkdifEkdifatmif jyKrIaqmif&Gufay;jcif;
ESifhum,uH&Sif\qEyg yg0ifusL;vGef
Mujcif;jzpfonf/vlukeful;jcif;cH&ol
om;aumifrsm;tajctaeESifhEIdif;,SOf
ygu jcm;em;rI&dSMuonf/um,uH&Sif
qErygbJ(odrYk [kw)f pdwu
f ;l r&db
S ?J vl
ukeful;olrsm;uom;aumifukd tjrwf
xk w f & ef o uf o uf t wG u f Ncd r f ;
ajcmuf j cif ; ?tif t m;ok H ; jcif ; ?tjcm;
enf;tEkdiftxufjyKjcif;?aoG;aqmif
ac:jcif;?vdrfvnfjcif;?vSnfhjzm;jcif;?
tcGifhtmPmukd tvJGokH;pm;jyKjcif;
ponfhenf;emrsm;ukd okH;pJGavY&dSMu
onf/ vufawGYwGifrl?xkdtrIESpfckvkH;
onfwpfcsdefwnf;jzpfum wpfpdwf
wpfykdif;qufEG,frIrsm;&dSaeonf/ xkd
trI E S p f c k p vk H ; onf w&m;r0if a &T U
ajymif;oGm;vmrIwGif ywfoufaumif;
ywfoufEkdifMuayonf/vlukeful;cH
&olrsm;udk wpfcgwpf&He,fpyfjzwf
ausmf u m vl a rS m if c k d r I j yKMuonf /
okdYaomf txl;ojzifh vlarSmifckdjzifh
ck;d oGi;f vmMu&onfah &TUajymif;oGm;vm
olrsm;omb0&yfwnf&efcufcNJ yD; vluek u
f ;l cH&Ekid f
onfhtajctaersdK;xd vG,f&SdvG,fonfhtajc
taersdK;rsm;omjzpf&onfu rsm;onf/ tkyfpkzJGY
usL;vGefrIu xkdtrIESpfrsdK;pvkH;ukd wpfcgwpf&H
wpfNydKifwnf;usL;vGefMuonf/ okdYaomftNrJwJGvsuf
usL;vGefjcif;awmh r&dSay/vlukeful;cH&olrsm;tay:usL;vGef
olvm;(okdYr[kwf)a&TUajymif;oGm;vmolrsm;ukd vlarSmifckdul;ol
vm;qko
d nfudk &SmazGaz:xkw&f ef cufcEJ idk o
f nfuadk wG&Y onf/ okaYd Mumifh
xkdtrItcif;rsm;ukd wkdufzsufolrsm;tzdkY xkdtrIESpfckvkH;taMumif;ukd
odxm;&efESifhxkdtrItcif;ESpfcktwGif; rSefrSefuefuefcJGjcm;odjrifEkdif
&efvkdtyfonf/
xkdtrIrsm;ukdusL;vGefcH&olrsm;onfvlom;rsm;jzpfMuonfhtwGuf
rnfonfhumuG,fwkdufzsufrIrsdK;rqdk t"duxm;&rnfrSm vlukeful;
cH&olrsm;ukt
d umtuG,af y;&efEiS v
hf al rSmifcw
dk ifycYkd &H onfah &TUajymif;oGm;
vmolrsm;\tcGifhta&;wkdYtumtuG,fay;&efwkdYjzpfonf/vlukeful;rI
umuG,f&efESifhwkdufzsuf&efwkdY BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIwkdYonf a&TUajymif;
oGm;vmolrsm; vlarSmifckdukdumuG,fwkdufzsufrIwkdY BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrI
wkdYESifhqufpyfrI&dSum wpfcsdefwnf;wpfNydKifwnf;yif wpfpdwfwpfa'o
tm;jzifhxyfwlxyfrQjzpfMuonf/xkdokdYqufpyfrI&dSonfh BudK;yrf;tm;xkwf
rIrsm;rSm a&TUajymif;oGm;vmrIukdjzpfaponfwGef;tm;jzpfaponfhtcsuf
rsm;?qJt
G m;jzpfaponft
h csufrsm;wku
Yd ydk g xnfo
h iG ;f pOf;pm;&rnfh csOf;uyf
rIrsm;?todynmay;rIrsm;? umuG,fa&;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;? xkdtrIrsm;ukd
usL;vGefolrsm;ukdOya'aMumif;t& w&m;pJGwifrIrsm;ESifh vlukeful;cH&ol
rsm;ESifha&TUajymif;oGm;vmolrsm;\vlYtcGifhta&;vkHNcHKrIukdtumtuG,f
ay;rIrsm;wkdYjzpfMuonf/
xkdtrIrsm;\ta&;wBuD;Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;ukd wpfOD;csif;?vlYtokdif;
t0dkif;rsm;ESifhEkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;rsm;u wkHYjyefcJYMuNyD;jzpfonf/
vluek u
f ;l rIEiS ahf &TUajymif;oGm;vmolrsm;tm;vlarSmifcrdk w
I u
Ydk dk umuG,rf EI iS hf
wkdufzsufrIrsm;ukdvnf;BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufcJYMuNyD;vnf;jzpfonf/oifcef;
pm tajrmuftjrm;vnf;&&dMS uNyD; jzpfonft
h wGuf rnfoaYdk omwk;d wufrI
rsdK;jzifhumuG,fwkdufzsufrIaqmif&Guf&rnf? rnfonfhjyKrIaqmif&Guf
csufwkdYu xda&mufrI&dSonf?rnfonfhe,fy,fwGifqufvufpdefac:rIrsm;
0if ; Ek d i f x G e f ;
&dSaeMuvdrfYrnfwkdYukdod&dSaeMuNyDjzpfayonf/

China Movie
Channel ESihf MRTV

wkyYd ;l aygif;aqmif&u
G af &;
pmcsKyfcsKyfqdk

atmuf w k d b m(15)&uf
wkwfZmwfum;rsm;
jrefrmtoHESifhkyfjrifoHMum;wGif
jyooGm;&eftwGuf
China Movie Channel ESihf
MRTV wkdY
tusdK;wl
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;
oabmwlpmcsKyf
csKyfqdka&;xkd;yGJwpf&yfudk
&efukefNrdKU?
tvHjybk&m;vrf;&Sd
Park Royal Hotel wGif
atmufwkdbm(15)&uf?
aeYv,f(2)em&DwGif
usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/
if;vufrSwfa&;xkd;yGJwGif
wkwfEkdifiH
kyf&Sifudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJY
tzGJYacgif;aqmif?
wkwfjynfolUorwEkdifiH
EdkifiHawmftoHvTifh?
kyfSifESifh?kyfjrifoHMum;
taxGaxGAsLkdrS
TefMum;a&;rSL;csKyfrpwm
Tong Gang ESihf
jynfaxmifpkorwEkdifiH
jrefrmEkdifiHjyefMum;a&;
0efBuD;Xme
jrefrmhtoHESifhkyfjrifoHMum;
'kwd,TefMum;a&;rSL;OD;&J0if;
wkdYu
oabmwlvufrSwf
a&;xkd;cJhMuonf/
PMMK

a&csKdwiG faysmfaom {&mra&iHrdausmif;

5.5 rDwmt&Sn&f w
dS hJ Mopaw;vsEikd if rH S a&iHrad usmif; jzpf
onf/ zdvpfydkifEdkifiHrSm awGU&SdwJhrdausmif;uawmh (6)rDwm
ausmfwJhtwGuf Mopaw;vsEdkifiHu rdausmif;onf urmh
tBuD;qkH;rdausmif;pm&if;rSm eHygwf(1)xJwGif ryg0ifyg/
,ck a wmh a&csKd Adelaide jrpf r S m aexk d i f u suf p m;
vsuf&Sdaeonf/ yifv,fxJwGif ig;ref;BuD;wpfaumifESifhwdkuf
cd k u f x m;&onf h t wG u f a Mumif h ajcwpf a csmif ; r&S d a wmh b J
ajcokH;acsmif;om usef&Sdawmhonf/ if;udk Brutus vkdY trnf
ay;xm;onf/ Adelaide jrpfukd a&mufvmonfh avS? oabFmrsm;
rS auR;aom tom;cJtpmrsm;udk pm;aomuf&if; a&csKdjrpfxJ
aysmfvsuf&Sdonf/ vlawGudk &efrrlbJ urmvSnfhc&D;oGm;rsm;
twGuf pdw0f ifpm;p&m csppf &mwd&pmefwpfaumif jzpfaeaMumif;
od&&dS onf/Brutus [m touf(80)t&G,&f o
dS nfrh ad usmif;wpfaumifjzpfNy;D ig;ref;rsm;\&efukd aMumuf&UHG
a&iHyifv,fxo
J Ydk xyfroGm;awmhwm jzpfw,fvv
Ykd nf; Adelaide jrpfvNHk cKH a&;rsm;u if;wkYd ,lqcsuu
f kd
ajymMum;cJhonf/
lnnh
Ref:Internet

33

atmifopf\
]bmvJ[t
UJ cGit
Uf vrf;}pmtkyx
f u
G &f dS
ynm&Sipf maywku
d rf S jzefcY sd

armifjynf0h pDpOfaom
pma&;q&matmifopf\
]]bmvJ[JhtcGifhtvrf;}]
trnf&Sdpmtkyfukd
ynm&SifpmaywkdufrS
atmufwkdbmvqef;wGif
xkwfa0jzefYcsdvkdufonf/
tqkdygpmtkyfwGif ,aeYacwf?
acwfNydKifpD;yGm;a&;?ynma&;?
vlrIqufqHa&;ynm&yfqkdif&maqmif;yg;rsm;jzpfonfh
tcGifhtvrf;qkdwm bmvJ?
oef;<u,foal X;wk\
Yd b0atmifjrifa&;vQKUd 0Sucf surf sm;?
atmifjrifaom
ukrPD0efxrf;aumif;wpfa,mufjzpfajrmufa&;?
vli,frsm; tvkyftukdifa&G;cs,fjcif;ESifh
rdbrsm;\tultnD? NydKifbufawGukd b,fvkd

tareJYol
jrufzsm;ESif;oD;
aqmif;c&D;
tNyD;arhr& ]]olY}} udkw/

ouFef;wpfpkHav;yJvSLoGm;&&Smw,f/ tJh'Dvdkav;vSLvkdufwmudku olY

twGuf b0ul;aumif;avmufr,fxifyg&JU/e*dkuwnf;u 'DtvkyfawG
udk vkyfxm;&if oloGm;cgeD; tcsdefus&if tawmftoifh
avmufawmh usavmufw,fxifygw,fav/
tJ'gaMumifhrkdYvlBuD;awGu ajymMuwm tp
aumif;rStaESmif;uaocsmayrayghvkdY qkdqHk;r
avh&Sdygw,f/pma&;olvnf; 'Dbk&m;w&m;
tvkyfawGudk rvkyfwwfygbl;/ uav;b0
tbd;k tbGm;awG&w
dS ek ;f u ud,
k u
f vnf; i,f
i,fuav;qdak wmhtbd;k tbGm;awG ac:oGm;
avh&SdwJh OykyfapmifhwJhbkef;BuD;ausmif;awG?
w&m;a[mwJh&yfuGufawGudk pma&;oludk,f
wdik v
f nf; vdu
k zf ;l w,f/ oGm;zl;w,f/ tbd;k
tbGm;awG bke;f BuD;a[mwmudk em;axmif
ae&if pma&;ol[m uav;yDyD NidrfNyD;
vdkufemavh&Sdw,f/ tbdk;tbGm;awG
w&m;xdkif&ifvnf; bmt"dym,fqdk
wmawmh rodayrJv
h u
kd Nf yD;awmh rsufpd
udk pkrH w
dS ?f ajcaxmufukd wifracGxikd ?f
wHbufudkyckH;ay:wifNyD; NidrfNidrfu
av;xd k i f a ewwf w ,f / uav;qd k
awmh Mumawmh anmif;w,f/ taumifawG
udkufovdk? tom;awGrSm t&m0wKwpfckck
wufaeNyD; &Gpd&GpdeJYcHpm;ae&w,f/ wpfem&D
w&m;xdik Nf yD; tbGm;u xajr;vdaYk jym&if ud,
k f
u xcsifayrJhajcaxmufawG[m usOfovdk cHpm;&NyD; xvkdYr&bl;aygh/
aemufyikd ;f tbd;k tbGm;awGr&SMd uawmh pma&;olvnf; t&G,af &mufvmNyD;
ausmif;udp?tdrfrIudpawGeJY aemuf-ausmif;NyD;awmh tvkyfcGifxJrSmvnf;
a&mufa&m tJ'Dvdktbdk;tbGm;awGeJYtwl bkef;BuD;ausmif;wkdY?"rmHkwkdY? w&m;
a[mae&mwku
Yd kd ra&mufjzpfawmhygbl;/'gayrJph ma&;olu (10)wef;uwnf;u
bk&m;tvkyfudk jyefvkyfjzpfw,f/ 'gayrJh pmu wpfzufeJYqdkawmh tJ'Dtvkyf
awGudk xyf rvkyfjzpfvdkufbl;/ tJ'Daemuf tvkyfcGif xJa&mufawmhtcsdefu
vk;H 0udk r&&Sad wmhb;l / 'geJY pma&;ol[m ud,
k u
hf ,
kd u
f kd pdwq
f ;Hk jzwfvu
kd w
f ,f/
bmyJjzpfjzpf bk&m;w&m;av;awmh jyefvkyfr,fqdkNyD; nbufHk;u jyefvm&if
xrif;pm;? ajcvufaq;NyD;wmeJY bk&m;&Sdcdk;? bk&m;pm&Gwfzwf? udk;e0if;qdkwJh
t"d|mefudkvnf; 0ifa&mufcJhrdw,f/ udk,ftm;wJh&ufrSmvnf; OykyfoDwif;
apmifjh zpfw,f/ 'gawG[m tckcsderf mS tcsdeyf yk af yrJh aemifwpfcsderf mS ud,
k v
f nf;
vlyJav/ tJ'Daojcif;qdkwJhvrf;udk avQmuf&ayraygh/ 'gaMumifh jrwfAk'&JU
w&m;awmfawG&JUteuft"dyg,fudk av;av;eufeuf&SmazGoifhw,f/ tckcsdef
uwnf;u bmyJjzpfjzpf udk,fwwfEdkifwJht&m enf;enf;av;jzpfjzpfawmh
vkyx
f m;oifw
h ,fvYdk pma&;olwu
kd w
f eG ;f csifw,f/ bmaMumifv
h q
J akd wmh aocg
vif ; jynf h
eD;qJqJusrS todrJhpGmaemifw&aeMurSmudkrvdkvm;vdkYyg/

oDwif;uRwfrSmr*Fvmaqmifr,fh pHkwGJtwGuf
tqifajyqH;k jzpfatmifaqmif&u
G af y;rnfrh w
d u
f yfw;kd wd;k

&Gufusifa<uus
cgaEGv
wrf;wjyefvnf atmufarhw,f/
aiGrIefrdk;onf;
&moDvnf;
&ifxJa<uNrJ udk,fhtonf;/
&moDawGajymif;
ESpfa[mif;ayonfh
xdt
k odu
&ifw&pf0J
rsuf&nf&TJvnf;
tNrJ ]]tarh}} udk wrf;widkIduf
wvIdufvIdufESifh trdkufom;av;
]]udk,f}} vm;uG,f/
(arG;pm;tar ESifh tart&if;okdY)
jzLESif;EG,f (ref;wuodkvf)
,SOfNydKif&yfwnfrvJ tp&Sdaomaqmif;yg;rsm;
pkpkaygif;(21)yk'fyg&Sd tqkdygaqmif;yg;rsm;rSm
]]tcGifhtvrf;*sme,f}}wGif azmfjyyg&SdcJhaom
aqmif;yg;rsm;jzpfonf/tqkdygpmtkyfwGif
]]tcGifhtvrf;u rdrdxHrSa&mufvmzkdY xkdifapmifh
ae&efrvkdawmh/ rdrdtcGifhtvrf;ukd rdrdukd,fwkdif
a&G;cs,fEkdifMuNyDjzpfonf/ tcGifhtvrf;u
rdrdukd a&G;cs,f&rnfhacwf r[kwfawmh/
rdrdtcGifhtvrf;ukd
rdrdukd,fwkdifa&G;cs,fEkdifwJhacwfa&mufNyD/
ta&;BuD;onfrSm rdrdbufrS
rdrdvkdcsifaomtcGifhtvrf;ESifhxdkufwefonfh
t&nftcsif;&SdzkdYyJvkdygonf}} [k azmfjyyg&SdNyD;
,aeYacwfvli,frsm;?ukrPD0efxrf;rsm;? vkyfief;
acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;
rjzpfraezwfIoifhaompmtkyfjzpfonf/
PS(APL)

34

vlawGu ao&r,fhtcsdef
usrS w&m;udk &SmcsifMuw,f/
wcsKd U qd k & if &S m zd k Y
awmif tcsd e f r &
Mubl;/ pma&;ol
wkdY[m Ak'bmom
0ifawG jzpfygvsuf jrwfA'k & UJ tqk;H trawGeYJ eD;ae
ygvsufeJY &ifxJudk twqdkwJhtpdkiftcJBuD;[m
i,fi,fuwnf;u wjznf;jznf;toufBuD;&ifh
vmwJt
h xd wjznf;jznf;vlom;awG[m w&m;qdk
wJht&meJY a0;uGmcJhMuw,f/ igao&awmhrSm
ygvm;vkdY todwpfcsuf&vdkuf&wJhtcsdeftcgusrS
w&m;awGem?bk&m;awG&Sdcdk;?bm0emawGyGm;
rsm;/ wcsKdUqdk&if tJ'DvdkrsKd; rvkyfvdkufMu
&wJhvlawGvnf; &SdcJhMuw,f/ aemifvnf;
&Sad eOD;rSmyJ/ pma&;olajymcsifwmu tpu
raumif ; cJ h a wmh taES m if ; utb,f o d k Y
aumif;awmhrnfvJ/ tckodvdkY tckvkyf&if
awmh aemufrusao;ygbl;/
OyrmtaeeJYajym&&if pma&;olwkdY
&yf u G u f x J u touf B uD ; BuD ; vl B uD ; wpf
a,muf[m t&ifwek ;f u pm;aomufqikd f tvkyf
udk vkyu
f ikd w
f ,f/ olrY mS ZeD;eJ?Y om;orD;(5) a,mufeYJ
twlaexdkifw,f/ ol[mt&ifwkef;u bk&m;w&m;
vkyfzkdY aeaeomom olU&JUpm;aomufqdkifrSm vkyfudkifzkdY
olYrSm ZGJebJBuD;aew,f/ uav;awGtwGuf ausmif;xm;zkdY? t&G,fa&mufvm&if
uav;awG ynmwwfBuD;awGjzpfzkdY a,mufsm;aum? rdef;raum vkyfudkifMuw,f/
rdef;rqdkwJhtrsKd;u e*dku uHedrfhavh&Sdawmh olUrdef;ru bk&m;w&m;vnf;vkyf? pm;
aomufqdkifudk OD;pD;vkyfudkif? om;orD;awGudkawmif odyfrMunfhEdkifjzpf&Smygw,f/
om;orD;awGuvnf; udk,fhynma&;tjyif rdbvufikwfvufiif;tvkyfuav;udk
vnf; ulvkyfay;&if; toufawGu BuD;vmMuw,f/ tJ'DOD;av;BuD;[m touf
uav;awmfawmfhudk &vmNyD; ol[ma&m*gav;&vmygw,f/ 'gayrJh olYrSm a&m*g&Sd
wmudk olU&JUrdom;pku rajymeJY oludk,fwdkifawmif rodvdkufwJhtcsdef[m awmf
awmfu
h kd aemufusaeygNyD/ olrY mS b,ftcsdeu
f wnf;u a&mufvmwJah &m*gvJ qdw
k m
rodatmif jzpfaerdygw,f/ ol[maemufq;Hk rSm 'Da&m*gqd;k BuD;udo
k yd rf cHpm; vdu
k w
f hJ
tcsdefrSmyJ ol[m bk&m;onfom udk;uG,f&mqdkwJh todwpfckudk &&SdvdkufovdkygyJ/
'g[m olYtwGuf aemufqkH;c&D;vkdY ajym&rSmaygh olY&JUrdom;pk[m bk&m;acG? w&m;acG
udk zGifhay;Muw,f/ y&dwfawGudk &Gwfay;Muw,f/ 'gayrJh olYtwGuf t&rf;udk
aemufusaeygNyD/ ol[m e*dkuwnf;u bk&m;w&m;tvkyfudk rsm;rsm;rvkyfEdkif&if
awmif enf;enf;jzpfjzpfawmh vkyfoifhw,faygh/ tckrS[dkvlu w&m;acGzGifhay;
'Dvlu y&dwfBuD; (11)okwfwkdY? (24) ypnf;wkdYudk &Gwfay;HkeJY olYem;xJrSm pGJoGm;NyD;
bk&m;udk &Sdcdk;HkyJ&Sdygw,f/ aemufqkH;awmh tdrfudk tNrJqGrf;MuGwJhbkef;MuD;wpfyg;udk

oDwif;uRwfrmS r*Fvmaqmifr,fo
h wdo
Yk m;?owdo
Yk rD;rsm;twGuf txl;tpDtpOftaeeJaY wmh tNrJwrf;?ESpw
f ikd ;f vdv
k ykd J pDpOfxm;wJh
taMumif;ESpfpOfESpfpOfjrefrmhdk;&m,Ofaus;rIowdkYom;?owdkYorD;0wfpHkawGudkESpfvdkzG,faumif;atmif ta&miftaoG;tqif;
cefYcefYxnfxnfjzpfatmif'DZdkif;tqiftJh'gawGudktawmf*kpdkufNyD;pDpOf&w,f/pDpOf&w,fqdkwmuawmhudk,fh0wfpHkav;awGudk
ESpfwdkif;ESpfwkdif;trsm;jynfoluESpfoufMuwJhtwGufaMumifh udk,fuvnf;0rf;om&wJhtwGufaMumifh trsm;jynfol&JUtm;ay;rI?
y&dowf&JUtm;ay;rItwGufaMumifhrdkY wpfESpfxufwpfESpfvnf;ydkNyD;awmhBudK;pm;jzpfw,f/ vmr,fhESpfrSm'DZdkif;topfawGxGifNyD;t
&rf;aumif;atmifvkyfxm;ayr,fhNyD;cJhwJhESpfawGu'DZdkif;awGuvnf;tckxufxdrdk;Edkifatmifudk udk,fwdkifvnf;ESpfoufae
wkef;yJbmvdkYvJqdkawmhwpfxnfcsif;udktcsdefay;NyD;awmh awmfawmfudk*kpdkufpDpOfzefwD;xm;wmjzpfwJhtwGufaMumifhawGU&wJh
0wfpakH v;awG[mydew
f o
hJ el jYJ zpfygap?ykwo
hJ el jYJ zpfygap?0wJo
h el jYJ zpfygap? b,foel yYJ jJ zpfjzpfvu
kd af tmifppD Ofxm;w,f/ t"duuawmh
xbDqdkwmrsdK;uawmhywfvdkufvdkY&Sd&ifxbDjzpfwmyJ?tusutifrwefta&;BuD;ygw,f/'gaMumifhrdkYtusonftay:ydkif;rsufESm
eJeY ;D wJah e&monftus'gaMumifrh v
Ykd 'Ykd t
D usukd b,fvpkd pD Ofvq
J &kd iftefww
D ;kd ud,
k w
f ikd f aoaocsmcsm'DZikd ;f udpk pD Ofw,f/ cgwdik ;f ESpf
awGrSmtusyHkpHwpfrsdK; 'DESpfMuawmhvnf;tusawGudkvufqufawGrygawmhyJeJYycHk;eJYudk,feJYwpfqufwnf;aygh(vufquf
rygawmhcg;awGqv
kd &Ykd &dS ifvnf;cg;qufrygawmhb;l )/wpfEpS x
f ufwpfEpS t
f pDtpOfav;awGuajymif;NyD;awmh wDxiG rf aI v;awGukd
zefwD;xm;wmayghaemf/wpfcgxyfNyD;awmhtus0wfpHkawGu&ifcHawGa&m?&ifcH'DZdkif;a&mtus0wfpHk&JUyHkpHa&mudkudk,fwdkif
xkwfw,f/tefwDwdk;&JUcsKyfwJhtvkyfHku befaumufrSmxm;w,f/csKyfw,f/ tJ'Dawmh tusawGubmjzpfvJqdkawmh
&ifcHawGeJYqdk&if abmfvDvdkrsdK;jzpfatmifcsKyfxm;wmcsKyfxm;wJhtwGufaMumifhrdkYvdkY enf;enf;00zdefYzdefY&SdwJholawGqdk&ifvnf; csyf&yfNyD;awmhydefuyfoGm;atmifcsKyfxm;
wmayghaemf/ ydefwJholtwGufqdk&ifvnf; jynfhjynfhav;jzpfNyD;awmh [dkb,fvdkac:rvJMunfhvdkYaumif;atmif tus0wfvdkufwJhtcgrSmxbDeJYtusu aumufaMumif;Bu
NyD;awmhtcsdK;wuseJYMunfh&wmrsufpdxJrSmawmfawmftqifajyw,f/ tJh'gaMumifhudk,fhqDudkvmwJh Customer awGut&rf;ESpfoufMuw,f/'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY'DESpfrSm
vmr,fhyGif;vif;&moD oDwif;uRwfrSmaqmifr,fhowdkYom;?owdkYorD;awGtwGGuf (2013)ckESpftwGuf tefwDwdk;&JUaumfvuf&Siftopf'DZdkif;topf0wfpHktdkif'D,m
topfawGudkzefwD;xm;ygw,fvdkYajymcsifygw,f/ rdwfuyftjyiftqifqdkwmuawmhukd,fajymaeuspum;twdkif;yJ owdkYorD;wpfa,muf[mvSw,fqdkwmtrsdK;rsdK;&Sd
w,f/vSwJhae&mrSmqGJaqmifrI&SdwJhtvS?usufoa&&SdwJhtvS?aemufwpfcgkyf&SifAD'D,dkawGxJrSmvSwJhtvSjyifyHkrsdK;tJ'DtvS tvS(3)rsdK;&SdwJhtxJrSmrS olwdkYorD;awG
uawmhtjzpfoifq
h ;kH uawmhu,
kd jf zpfaocsifwmayghaemf ]]usufoa&&Sw
d t
hJ vSuykd J ydik q
f ikd af pcsifw,f}} aemfqaJG qmifr&I w
dS t
hJ vS[m wpfjcm;wpfae&mrSmyJaumif;w,f?
r*FvmowdkYorD;jzpfwJhtcsdefrSmusufoa&&SdwJhtvSudkyJydkifqdkifwJhowdkYorD;jzpfae&ifawmh toifhawmfqHk;yJ'ghaMumifhrdkYvdkYrdwfuyftjyiftqifeJYywfoufvdkYb,fvdk
tjyiftqifawG acwfpm;rvJqdkwm/qGJaqmifrI&SdwJhtvSwdkYkyf&SifAD'D,dkqefwJhrdwfuyftjyiftqiftvSwdkYtJ'DtvSawGudkcParhxm;NyD;awmh owdkYorD;jzpfwJhtcsdefrSm
usufoa&&SdwJhtvSrsdK;udk zefwD;ay;zdkYtpDtpOfeJYowdkYorD;awGudk,fwdkifvnf;usufoa&&SdwJhOy"dkyfaumif;wJhr*FvmowdkYorD;jzpfaer,fh rdwfuyfrsdK;udkawmhydkNyD;awmh
pdwful;ygvdkYajymcsifw,f/tNrJwrf;ydkrdk;&Sif;vkyfxm;w,f/bmjzpfvdkYowdkYom;?owdkYorD;awGudk Welcom vkyfxm;vnf;qdkawmhwcsdKUowdkYom;?owdkYorD;awG uawmh
aiGaMu;wwfEdkifwJholawG&Sdw,f/aiGaMu;wwfEdkifayr,fhvnf;rsm;rsm;roHk;csifwJhvlawG&Sdw,f/tJ'DtrsdK;rsdK;aomCustomer awGtukefvHk;udkolwdkY owfrSwfxm;wJh?
olwdkY&nfrSef;xm;wJhabmiftwGif;rSmyJvkyfay;zdkYtwGufudk ulnDzdkYtqifoifhyg/bmvdkYvJqdkawmhudk,fvdrf;rSjzpfr,f?udk,fjyifwmudkBudKufw,f? udk,fvdrf;wm
udkrSyJvdkcsifygw,fqdkwJhowdkYorD;awGtwGufu olwdkY&nfrSef;xm;wJhabmifxJrSmudk,feJYjyif&wJholwdkYpdwfcsrf;omrSmaygh/tJ'Dawmh Our Customer is Alway Right
qdkwJhtwdkif;udk,fh&JUCustomer awGjzpfapcsifwJh0efaqmifrIrsdK;udkvdkufavsmjznfhqnf;ay;ygw,fvdkYajymcsifygw,f/ydkrdk;&Sif;uawmhowfrSwfxm;wmr&Sdygbl;/ydkrdk;
&Sif;xufydkw,fqdkwmuolwdkYbmjzpfcsifvJ?jzpfcsifwJhay:rSmrlwnfNyD;udk,fhbufowfrSwfcsufudkrxm;wmowdkYom;?owdkYorD;awG&JUtvdkusyJ olwdkY&JUowfrSwfxm;wJh
abmiftwGif;rSmjzpfatmifvkyfay;w,fqdkawmhydkrdk;&Sif;xufydkaumif;wmaygh/tJh'guawmh>cif;csuftaeeJYbdkuifvkyfwJhudpuawmh BudKwifNyD;awmhvkyfay;yg/
owdkYorD;udk,fwdkifudk udk,fwdkifrdwfuyfa&m?qHxHk;a&mvkyfay;wJhtwGufaMumifhrdkYowdkYorD;wdkif;udkudk,fwdkiftptqHk;vkyfay;csifygw,f/ udk,feJYjyif zdkYaocsm&ifawmh
tenf;qHk;(2)vBudKNyD;awmhbdkuifvkyfay;ygvdkY? request vkyfcsifygw,f/bmvdkYvJqdkawmhudk,fuvmorQyGJudkvuftvGwfrcHatmifvufcHwmrsdK;qdk&if owdkYorD;av;
awGu udk,fwdkifr[kwfwJhtwGufaMumifhrdkYolwdkY&JUESpfouftm;av;uavsmhw,f/tJ'DawmholwdkY&JUtm;ay;rIudktjynfht0cH,lcsifwJhwdk;wdk;jzpfcsifygw,f/ TTM

odrf;ykdufuwnf;u opfawG?qefpyg;awGukd a&&SnfolwkdY

tusdK;&SdzkdYpDrHcJhMuw,f/
opfawma&;&m0efBuD;&JUvufatmufrSm XmeBuD;ESpfck&Sd
w,f?opfawmXmeeJYopfxkwfvkyfa&;XmeqkdNyD;&SdcJhwm opf
awmXmeuopfyifawGpkduf&w,f? jyKpkxdef;odrf;&w,f?wkdY
Ed k i f i H r S m opf a wm{&d , m(50)(60)&mck d i f E I e f ; avmuf & S d w ,f ?
uRef;yifawGukd yQrf;rQjcif;touf(30)avmuf&SdrS ckwfw,f?
wpfjynfvHk;u opfawmuGufawGukd tuGuftrSwfawGeJY
ajryHjk yKpkxm;w,f?oufwrf;vnf;jynh&f r,f?opfyif&UJ vH;k ywf
t&G,u
f vnf;owfrw
S w
f t
hJ &G,&f rdS cS w
k v
f x
JS w
k ,
f zl Ydk opfawm
XmeuopfyifacgufawGudkcGmNyD; oif;owfjcif;qkdwmvkyf
&w,f/
NyD;rS b,fe,fu b,fopfuGufukd ckwfvSJvkdY&NyDvkdY opf
xkwfvkyfa&;XmeudktaMumif;Mum;&w,f? tJ'Dvkdopfawm
Xmeu oif;owfNyD; ckwfvSJcGifhjyKwJhopfuGufukdom opfxkwf
a&;Xmeu ckwfvSJa&mif;cscGifh&Sdw,f/
opfxkwfa&;Xmeu 0ifaiGvkdvkdYckwfcsifwJhae&m0ifckwf?
vSJcsifwJh opfyifvSJNyD;a&mif;vkdYr&bl;/
0efBuD;XmewpfckxJrSmyJ tNrJ&efjzpf&wJhXmewpfcku
opfawmXmeeJYopfxkwfa&;XmebJ/
owfrw
S af y;wJo
h pfuu
G u
f opfyifudk ckwv
f NJS yD;&ifvnf;
uRefawmfonf 1986ckESpfu xkdif;EkdifiHqkdif
&mjrefrmoHtrwfBuD;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmif&ef
befaumufNrdKUokdY a&muf&SdvmcJhygonf/
ajcmufESpfESifhoHk;vMumwm0efxrf;aqmifNyD;
1992ckESpfEkd0ifbmvwGif jrefrmEdkifiHodkYjyefcJhyg
onf/ EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;XmewGif ajcmufESpfMum
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhjcif;jzifh oHwrefavmuwGif
wpfq,fhESpfESpfcGJwdkifwkdifusifvnfcJh&ygonf/
1986ckESpfu&efukefavqdyfrS befaumuf
odkYxGufcGmvmcsdefwGif uRefawmfhtoufonf
ig;q,fhwpfESpfjzpfygonf/
,ck 2012 ckESpfpufwifbmvwGif bef
aumufNrdKUokdYa&mufcJh&jyefonf/ &efukefrSbef
aumufodkY a0[ifc&D;ESifvmcJh&mwGif uRefawmfh
pdwfxJrSmrazmfjyEdkifaomcHpm;rIukdcHpm;vmcJh&yg
onf/
cHpm;rI[o
l nfrmS vnf; wpfcw
k nf;r[kwyf g/
ES a rsmwoaomcH p m;rI E S i f h & S u f p d w f j yif ; jy
aomcHpm;csufwjYdk zpfygonf/wu,fawmhow
H ref
wpfOD;\wm0efonf ESpfEdkifiHqufqHa&;wkd;jrifhzdkY
t"dujzpfovkd ukd,fhEkdifiHtaMumif;jyifyrSod&Sdatmif trSefowif;rsm;&Sif;vif;
ajymMum;a&;onfvnf; t"dujzpfygonf/
oHwrefwpfOD;tjzpfwm0efrxrf;aqmifrDudk,fhEdkifiHtaMumif;od&Sdatmifavhvm
&onf/ukd,fhvlrsdK;orkdif;tpOftvmESifhwuGajrjyifobm0awG?ajro,HZmwawG?
a&o,HZmwawG?pD;yGm;a&;tajctaeawGukd avhvmchJ&onf/
oHwrefavmuwGiv
f yI &f mS ;&if; uk,
d Efh idk if t
H aMumif;aumif;owif;awGudk trsm;
odatmifajymjy&onf/ owif;rSm;rsm;ukdvnf; acszsuf&onf/
xkdif;EdkifiHonfjrefrmEkdifiHuJhodkYqefpyg;xkwfvkyfonf/a&csif;ajrcsif;eD;pyf
aomfvnf; xkdif;EdkifiHrSxkwfvkyfaomqefonf jrefrmjynfxuft&nftaoG;ykdrkd
aumif;rGef\xkdif;EkdifiHuqefukd (5)rSwfqef?(10)rSwfqef?(15)rSwfqef[l txuf
tqifq
h efrsm;sxkwv
f yk
f jynfyodyYk o
Ydk nf/ uRefawmfwEYdk ikd if u
H (25)rSw(f 35) rSwq
f ef
awG wifykdYrIrsm;onf/
qefom;jzLpifjcif;?qefuyJG g0ifreI nf;jcif;wku
Yd o
dk w
l x
Ykd ed ;f Ekid o
f nf? uRefawmfu,
dk f
wkid o
f t
H rwfwm0efr,lcifu ukeo
f ,
G v
f ,f,m aumfyadk &;&Si;f wGiw
f m0ef,cl &hJ onf/
qeft&nftaoG;aumif;rGeaf &;tusdK;tausenf;yg;a&;ukd tvltvJBudK;pm;cJ&h onf/
xkdYaMumifhxkdif;EdkifiHwGifoHwrefavmuwGif qefpyg;taMumif; r<um;0HhcJhyg/
ud,
k t
hf m;enf;csufux
dk w
k af zmfaMunmrnft
h pm; ud,
k t
hf m;omcsufuo
dk m<um;0g&rnf
rSmvnf; obm0omjzpfyg\/
opfawmawGjyKef;wD;tzkd;wefopfawGr&Sdawmhaomxkdif;EdkifiHodkY uRefawmfwkdY
opfawGvnf;a&mif;cs&onf/taemufEkdifiHrsm;okdUvnf;wifydkY&onf/ jrefrmhuRef;opf
rsm;onfurmwGif emrnfBuD;\BudKufaps;ESifha&mif;EdkifiHjcm;aiG&SmazG&mrSm rsufESm
yef;vScJhyg\/ uRef;opfomruopfrmtrsdK;tpm;jzpfaomysOf;uwkd;onfvnf;
xif&mS ;vSyg\/oHwrefavmu{nfch yH ?JG npmpm;yGrJ sm;wGif jrefrmhuRef;opfEiS hf opfrmrsdK;
pHktaMumif;pum;ponfESifhxkdyGJonf jrefrmoHtrwfBuD;yGJjzpfvm\/ xkdif;EdkifiHwGif
tajcjyKvsuf jrefrmEkdifiHukdygyl;wGJwm0ef,l&aomoHwrefrsm;uvnf; jrefrmoH
trwfbufuulajymay;yg\/xkdoHtrwfrsm;uvnf; tajymusonf/
]]befaumufu &efukefukdoGm;&if uDvkdrDwmwpfaxmifavmufa0;w,f?
ESpEf idk if eH ,ferdwcf &D;wpf0ufrmS &Sw
d ,f}} rif;wkaYd v,mOfp;D oGm;&if;e,ferd w
d jf zwfwmeJY
csufcsif;odEdkifw,f[k ajymwwfonf/
xkdtcgjrefrmEdkifiHodkY ra&mufzl;aomolrsm;u
]b,fvkdodovJ}[k ar;avawmhonf/
]'Dav,mOfysHpwufoGm;wmeJYajrjyefYawGwkdufawGawGYw,f? e,fpyfem;eD;
&ifawmifawGawGUr,f?awmifawGrSmopfyifeJeJyg;yg;awGU&r,f? e,fedrdwfukdjzwf
vkdufNyD;&if opfawmtkyfawGukd pwifawGU&vdrfhr,f? opfawmawGawGYwmeJY
olwkdYEkdifiHxJa&mufNyDomrSwfayawmh} [k uRefawmfhukd,fpm;Nrdefa&,Sufa&ajym
ay;wwfMuygonf/onfvpdk w
d 0f ifpm;p&mtykid ;f a&mufrS uRefawmfupwif<um;0g&yg
onf/ vSvSyyajym&vQifawmh *kPf,lvkduf&ygawmhonf/
wkdYEkdifiHrSmopfawmxdef;odrf;rIpepfwus&Sdw,f? NAdwdoQawGu Armjynfukd

(Q): tdrfaxmifonftrsdK;orD;awG[m
tdrfaxmifr&SdwJh
trsdK;orD;awGxuf
bmjzpfvdkY
0efxkyf0efydk;awGeJY
tNrJav;vHae&wJhyHk
aygufae&wmvJ

opfawmXmeu topfjyefpkduf&w,f/ opfuGufeHygwfeJYpkdufysdK;wJhESpfukdrSwfyHkwifxm;

&w,f/opfawmXmeu tvkyaf wGuodyyf ifyef;w,f? opfuu
G af wGudk tNrJvn
S Mfh unfh
ae&w,f? opfyifawGw&m;r0ifckwfvSJNyD; ckd;xkwfwJhvlukdvnf; ta&;,lcGifh[m
opfawmXmerSmyJ&Sdw,f[k 0ifh<um;pGm &Sif;vif;jy&if;*kPf,lcJh&onfrSm tarmjzpfcJh
&ygonf/
okdYaomfvnf;
rMumrDu vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,frSm e,fpyfa'owGif awmawG jyKef;
awmifuwHk;awGjzpfaeyHkukd a0[ifrS"mwfyHkkdufNyD; azmfjyxm;onfvnf;awGUcJh&onf/
uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSmawmh wpfuGufwavopfawmjyKef;aewmukd "mwfyHkkdufNyD;
xnfhwmjzpfrSmyg[kawG;cJhrdygonf/
,ckuRefawmf&efukefrS befaumufodkYxGufcGmvmaom
c&D;pOfwGif av,mOfay:rSajrjyifodkY wpfcsdefvHk;Munfhvm&if;rS
&ifwGif;rSm cHpm;csufESpfrsdK;&vmygawmhonf/
wpfcsdeu
f jrifawGUcJ&h aom opfawmawG pdr;f pdr;f ndKUndKUESihf
jrefrme,fajrrS awmifukef;awGonfa&S;uESifhrwlbJ ,aeYwpfrl
xl;aeNyD/ wpfcsdeu
f jrifawG*Y P
k ,
f cl &hJ aom opfawmawGtwGuf
ESarsmjcif;pdwfysif;jypGmcHpm;ae&ygonf/
[kdwpfcsdefu uRefawmf*kPf,lajymcJhorQ em;axmifcJhMu
aomoH w ref r sm; ,aeY b ef a umuf w G i f r &S d M uawmh o nf r S m
aocsmaeNyDrYdk uHaumif;vSaypG[ak wG;&if; ok0
Pblrad vqdyo
f Ykd
av,mOfBuD;qif;oufvmcJh&ygawmhonf/ armif a qG o uf

Atdrfaxmifr&SdwJhrdef;rawGu
tdrfjyefa&mufwJhtcg
reufjzeftwGuf
a&cJaowmxJrSm
csufp&mjyKwfp&m
bm&Sdvnf;MunfhNyD;rS
tdyf&m0if&wm/
tdrfaxmifonftrsdK;orD;awGuawmh
tdrfjyefa&mufwJhtcg
tdyf&mxJrSm
a,mufsm;azmufjyefaervm;
t&ifMunfhNyD;rS
a&cJaowmqDa&muf&wmav/

oif;oGJU

oDwif;uRwfvjynfUaehwGif Ocean
Supercentre wGifaps;0,fvmolrsm;tm;
ausmufawmfBuD;bk&m;ESifUAkdvfwaxmifbk&m;okdh
ukokdvf,lydkhaqmifay;rnf
Ak ' b mom0if j ref r mvl r sd K ;wd k Y \ aeY x l ; aeY j rwf j zpf a om
oDwif;uRwfvjynhfaeY (2012)ckESpf? atmufwdkbm(30)&ufwGif
aps;0,folrdbjynfolrsm;tm;pdwfcsrf;ompGm ukokdvf,lEdkif
&eftwGuf North Point Ocean SupercentrerS ausmufawmfBuD;
bk&m;okdYvnf;aumif;? Ocean Pazundaung rS Akdvfwaxmif
bk&m;okdYvnf;aumif; bwfpfum;(2)pD;pDjzifh eHeuf(10)em&DrS
aeY v ,f ( 1)em&D t wG i f ; ES i f h a eY v ,f ( 2)em&D r S n (7)em&D t wG i f ;
(15)rdepfwpfBudrfukodkvf,lajy;qGJay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&Sd&
onf/
NL

jirf;
35

ysOf;uwdk; opfvHk;jzifh
xkqpfxm;aom
aZ,sod'dvmbrkedkyfyGm;awmfjrwfBuD;
bk&m;taeuZmwif

ysO;f uwd;k opfrmopfw;kH BuD;jzifx

h v
k yk f
xm;aomaZ,sod'dvmbrkedjrwfpGmbk&m;kyf
yG m ;awmf j rwf B uD ; tm; bk & m;taeuZmwif
vSL'gef;ylaZmfjcif;ESifh0gqdkouFef;uyfr*Fvmudk
pufwifbm(23)&ufeHeuf(8)em&Du rEav;
NrdKUatmifajrompHNrdKUe,f (88)vrf;?(14)vrf;
(15)vrf;Mum;rif;wJ tDuif;&yf&b
dS &k m;'g,um
ref;awmf0ifopfpuf OD;xGe;f oef;?a':0if;0if;Edik f
wdkYaetdrfwGif usif;yonf/ a&S;OD;pGm oHCmawmft&Sifjrwfrsm;u taeuZmwifawmfrlMuonf/ tqdkyg
kyyf mG ;awmfrmS ysOf;uwd;k opfv;kH jzifyh viaf wmftygt0ifu;kd aytqifh xkqpfxm;onf/ atmufcyH viaf wmfwiG f
opfvHk;\tayG;tusnf;rsm;rysufapbJ zGm;awmfrlcef;?y0*D(5)OD;w&m;a[mcef;?bk&m;&SifESifh&[Ema'o
pm&D < ucef ; ?od M um;ewf j A[ m k y f w k r sm;?om;orif a ygaomtif M uif ; &*H k ? obm0a&wH c G e f [ ef k y f w k r sm;
vuf&majrmufpGmxkvkyfxm;onf/ tqdkygopfwHk;BuD;rsm;udk {&m0wDjrpftwGif; q,f,l&&SdaMumif;od&onf/
kyfyGm;awmfjrwfyvifyef;ykvuf&mrsm;udk yef;ykq&mOD;xGef;vif;ESifhtzGJUuxk vkyfjcif;jzpfNyD; kyfyGm;awmfxk
qpfcusyfodef;(20)?yvifxkqpfc(35)odef;jzpfaMumif;od&NyD; tqdkygyef;ykvuf&majrmufaZ,sod'dvmbrked
opfom;kyyf mG ;awmfBuD;udk rEav;NrdKUta&SUjyifr[mavmu&efErdS af tmifawmfrl bk&m;twGi;f yifah qmifxm0&
ref ; BuD ;
vSL'gef;ylaZmfxm;onf[kod&onf

jrefrmEdkifiH Adokumtoif; Adokumvuf&m

rEav;wGifjyyGJusif;y
rE a v;?
atmuf w d k b m(16)
jrefrmEdik if H Adou
k mtoif;
? Adokumvuf&mjyyGJ(rEav;)
tcrf;tem;udk atmufwdkbm
(12)&ufeeH uf(9)em&DurEav;
NrdKUawmfcef;r(1)wGif usif;y&m
rEav;wdkif;a'oBuD; tpdk;&
tzGUJ rS wm0ef&ySd *k Kd vfrsm; wuf
a&mufMuonf/
tqdkyg AdokumjyyGJwGif
Adou
k mynm&Sirf sm;? pdw0f ifpm;
ol r d o m;pk r sm; wuf a &muf
Munf h I t m;ay;MuNyD ; toif h
aqmufvkyfEdkifaomtrsm;jynf
oloHk; Adokum'DZdkif;rsm;? rdwL
ul ; ,l N yD ; vS L 'gef ; jcif ; tcrf ;
tem;rsm;usif;yonf/ jynfolU
twGuf Adokum(rEav;)Adok
umjyyGJwGif vloHk;ukefypnf;rsm;
taqmuf t OD y p n f ; rsm; jyo
a&mif;csay;onfhtjyif &cdkif,Of
aus;rI o a&acw & macwf A d o k
umvuf&mrsm;? yk*Hacwfrwdkif
rDu Adokumvuf&mrsm;? tif;0?
ukef;abmifacwf? Adokumvuf
&mrsm; jyoxm;&m pdwfyg0ifpm;
pGm avhvmMunfhIMuonf/xdkYjyif EdkifiHawmftqifhta&;BuD;taqmuftODrsm;\ Adokumvuf&myHkpHrsm;?
acwfrDtxyfjrifh uGef'dkrsm;\Adokumvuf&mrsm;? acwfrDwdkufwmaetdrfrsm;jyoxm;onf/ jyyGJudk atmufwdk
ref ; BuD ;
bm(14)&uftxd jyoonf/

36

oJawmNrdKY udk;awmifjyifausmif;wdkuf
om0uoEdygwtmp&d,ylaZmfyGJusif;yrnf
rE a v;wd k i f ; a'oBuD ;
rdwDvmcdkif? oJawmNrdKUudk;
awmifjyifausmif;wdkuf om0
uoEdygwtmp&d,ylaZmfyGJ
usif;ya&;ndE idI ;f tpnf;ta0;
udk pufwifbm(15)&uf? rGef;
vGJ(1)em&Du oJawmNrdKU? udk;
awmif j yif a usmif ; wd k u f
usif;yonf/
tpnf ; ta0;od k Y ud k ;
awmifjyif ausmif;wdkuftkyf
q&mawmf * E 0 gpuy@d w
b' E a wZed , trS L ;jyK
aomq&mawmf o H C mawmf
rsm;? oJawmNrdKUrStmp&d,ylaZmfyGJ
jzpfajrmufa&;tusdK;awmfaqmifrsm;
wufa&mufMuNyD; a&S;OD;pGm wdu
k t
f yk f
q&mawmfu Mo0g'rdefYMum;onf/
qufvuf t&Sifynmomrdbd0Ho
(jrawmif w d k u f ) Ak ' p mayr[m0d Z m
(M.A oD&dvuFm)u ylaZmfyGJusif;y
a&;ESifhrSwfwrf;pmapmifxkwfa0a&;
&Sif;vif;avQmufxm;onf/
xdkYaemuf om0uoEdygwtm
p&d,ylaZmfyGJudk vmrnfhwefaqmif
rkef;vqkwf?(10)&uf?(2012)ckESpf?
'DZifbmv?(8)&ufaeYwGif usif;y&ef qHk;jzwfMuonf/ pufwifbm?(15)&uf? 0gacgifvuG,faeYwGif
udk;awmifjyifausmif;wdkuftwGif;&Sd tbd"rmyd#du ausmufpmwdkuf trSwf(1)? trSwf(2)okwefyd#uwf
ausmufpmwdu
k ?f 0de,yd#uwfausmufpmwdu
k ?f edum,f ausmufpmwdu
k t
f rSw(f 1) trSw(f 2) ausmufpmHrk sm;udk
pkaygif;oefY&Sif;a&;aqmif&GufMuaMumif; od&onf/ ausmufpmHk(6)Hk ausmufpmcsyfaygif;(582)csyf &SdaMumif;
ref;BuD;
od&onf/

rEav;wGiw
f &m;r0iftEdyS cf ef;ESrd ef if;
usm;(7)OD;? r(73)OD;zrf;qD;EdkifcJh

rEav;u pdrf;a&mifpdkOu|
aiGpm&if;r&Sif; wdkifNyD

rEav;NrdKU csrf;at;ompHNrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd
tcsdKUaomwnf;cdkcef;rsm;wGif tESdyfcef;rsm;yg
,SOfwGJzGifhvSpfvsuf&Sdygojzifh ausmif;om;vli,f
rsm;\pm&d w x d c d k u f a pEd k i f y g ouf q d k i f & mrS
rnfuJhodkY aqmif&Gufay;rnfod&SdvdkygaMumif;jzifh
rE a v;wd k i f ; a'oBuD ; vT w f a wmf p wk w y H k r S e f
tpnf;ta0;('kw,
d aeY) pufwifbm(18)&ufwiG f
csrf;at;ompHNrdKUe,frJqEe,ftrSwf(2)rSvTwf
awmf u d k , f p m;vS , f a ':wif w if r muar;jref ;
onf/ar;cGe;f ESiyhf wfoufvHNk cHKa&;ESiehf ,fpyfa&;
&m0efBuD;AdkvfrSL;BuD;atmifausmfrsdK;ujyefvnf
ajzMum;&mwGif rEav;wdkif;a'oBuD;twGif;wGif
a&S;a[mif;,Ofaus;rIe,fajrrsm;wnf&Sdojzifh
EdkifiHwumrSc&D;oGm;{nfhonfrsm;? jynfwGif;c&D;
oG m ;{nf h o nf r sm;vma&muf v nf y wf a vh v m
vsuf&SdaMumif; c&D;oGm;{nfhonfrsm; wnf;cdkEdkif
&eftwGuf tqifhjrifh[dkw,frsm;?rdkw,frsm;?
wnf;cdkcefrsm;aqmuf 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;
aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdaMumif;/ tqifjrifh[dkw,fESifh
rdkw,frsm;wGifEdkifiHwumrSvma&mufvnfywf
aomc&D;oGm;{nfhonfrsm;tqifhrDpGmwnf;cdkEdkif
a&;twGuf Spa rsm; Beauty Sanlon rsm;xnfh
oGif;aqmufvkyf w&m;0if0efaqmifrIrsm;tae
jzifhoufqdkif&m0efBuD;XmerScGifhjyKrdefYvdkifpifrsm;
xkwfay;aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdygaMumif;/ jrefrmEdkifiH
&JwyfzGJUtaejzifh w&m;0ifcGifhjyKcsufr&SdbJ tESdyf
cef ; rsm;ud k w nf ; cd k c ef ; rsm;wG i f j zpf a p? oD ; jcm;
taqmufttHkjzifhjzpfapzGifhvSpfaqmif&GufrIrsm;
&Sdygu zrf;qD;ppfaq;ta&;,ljcif;rsm;aqmif&Guf
vsuf&SdaMumif; (2012)ckESpftwGif; w&m;r0if
tESdyfcef;rsm;tm; zrf;qD;ta&;,lrIrsm;taejzifh
w&m;cH(7)OD;?r(73)OD;pkpkaygif;(80)OD;tm;zrf;qD;
ta&;,laqmif&GufcJhNyD;w&m;r0iftESdyfcef;zGifh
vSpfvkyfudkifaqmif&Gufaeolrsm;tm;qufvuf
ppf aq;azmfxkwfta&;,laqmif&Gufvsuf&Sd
aMumif;jzifh jyefvnf&Sif;vif;ajzMum;onf/
ref;BuD;

rEav;NrdKUwGif pdr;f a&mifpkd (Activities) Ou|qdo

k El iS hf
oufqdkifolwdkYtm;b@maiGpm&if;&Sif;vif;jcif;r&Sdojzifh
b@maiGpm&if;&Sif;vif;ay;&efvuf&Sdb@mxdef;ESifh pnf;
Hk;a&;rSL;rsm;uwifjyawmif;qdkvdkufaMumif; od&onf/
pdrf;a&mifpdkudkobm0opfawmrsm;jyKef;wD;vmrIudk um
uG,&f ef&nf&,
G cf sufjzifh (22?5?2010)aeYupmaytEkynm
&Sifrsm;uAsmq&mrsm;ESifhopfyifcspfolrsm; opfyifpdkuf
&efoufoufzGJUpnf;cJhMuonf/pwifzGJUpnf;pOfuOu|r&Sd?
twGif;a&;rSL;r&Sd?pnf;Hk;a&;rSL;rsm;ESifhb@mxdef;b@m
&SmBuHa&;pm&if;ppfrsm;ESifhomzGJUpnf;cJhMuonf/ ,cktcg
pdr;f a&mifpo
kd nf (2)ESpo
f ufwrf;jynf
h (3)ESpt
f wGi;f odyYk if
csOf;uyfeif;0ifa&mufcJhNyDjzpfonf/ odkYjzpf(u)xdkoHk;ESpf
twGif; wpfBudrfwpfcgrQpm&if;&Sif;vif;rIr&Sdjcif;?(c)
b@mxdef;[kcefYxm;aomOD;xGef;OD;xH (29?7?2011)aeY
vufusefaiGwpfjym;wpfcsyfrQr&Sdonfhtjyif a':ESif;qD
atmifESifhtzGJU &efukefoifwef;oGm;a&mufwufa&mufpOf
(bmoifwef;rSe;f rod)b@mxde;f rS usyf(30000)pdu
k x
f nfh
ay;vdkuf&jcif;/ (*) ONE-TO- ONE vlrIulnDa&;tzGJUrS
vSL'gef;aomaiGusyf(550000)ig;odef;cGJrSmb@mxdef;
OD;xGe;f OD;xHov
Ykd ;kH 0ra&mufjcif;/(C) OD;oufwif(av;buf
0g;Hu
k efajr)ESit
hf zGUJ rSvLS 'gef;aomaiGrsm;pm&if;b@mxde;f
xHra&mufjcif;?(i)(18?9?2012)aeYuvSL'gef;aomopf
ck w f j cif ; jzif h B uD ; xG m ;vmaomOD ; awZyd k i f x l ; uk r P D r S
obm0jrefrmh"gwfyHkr*Zif;rdwfqufyGJwGif vSL'gef;aom
aiGusyfwpfodef;0ifa&mufrvmjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/
xdjYk yifOu|qdo
k l (rdru
d ,
kd w
f ikd w
f ifajrmuf) ,cktcsdef
0,f,lxm;aomqefeDum;^ajruGufwdkYonfrnfonfhaiG
jzifh 0,f,x
l m;onfukd ajz&Si;f ay;&ef/ OD;tke;f (FAREDA)
rSvSL'gef;qkcsaomaiGaMu;rsm;udk rnfonfhae&mwGifoHk;cJh
onfudkajz&Sif;ay;&ef?tzGJUonf,cifuobm0ywf0ef;
usifoufoufomjzpfaomfvnf; tcsdeftiftm;udk
toH;k jyKvsufEikd if aH &;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;wGif twif;0ifa&muf
ae&m,ljcif;?tjcm;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk 0ifa&mufodrf;
ydkufjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfvmjcif;wdkYudkawGU&Sd&onf/ xdkudponf
pdrf;a&mifpdkESifhwpfzGJUwnf;[ktxifcH&ojzifhauseyfonf
txdajz&Sif;ay;&ef/ (7)&uftwGif;ajz&Sif;ay;&ef awmif;
qd k v d k u f a Mumif ; od & onf / (rd w L rsm;ud k r E a v;wd k i f ;
a'oBuD;0efBuD;csKyfESifhtzGJU0ifrsm;?NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;?*sme,f
wdkufrsm;?oufqdkifonfhtzGJU0ifrsm;tm;ay;ydkYonf/)
ref ; BuD ;

aysmfbG,fNrdKYu xl;jcm;&Sm;yg;onfU a>rqdyfajzaq;tvSL&Sif

aysmfbG,fNrdKUwGif aqmufvkyfa&;0ef
BuD;Xmeti,fwef;tif*sifeD,m(tNidrf;pm;)
OD;wifO;D aexdik o
f nf/ OD;wifO;D onf aqmufvyk af &;0efxrf;b0 (2001)
ckESpfu aysmfbG,f-ewfarmufvrf;udk wm0ef,lazmufvkyfcJhonf/
xdkvrf;azmufpOfuwpf&ufwGiftvkyfNyD; *spfum;jzifh aysmfbG,fNrdKU
ok d Y j yef v mpOf aysmf b G , f N rd K UES i f h u d k ; rd k i f t uG m yJ cH & G m teD ; a&muf w G i f
apmifyck ufjzifh vlemxrf;vmonfv
h rl sm;u um;udk wm; aysmfb,
G af q;
Hkwif&efvmaMumif; ajymjyarwm&yfcHonf/
OD;wifOD;u vlemwif aysmfbG,faq;HkodkY *spfum;jzifhtjrefarmif;
vmonf/ aysmfbG,faq;Hka&mufaomfvnf; aq;HkwGif a>rqdyfajzaq;
ur&SdbJ jzpfaeonf/ a>rqdyfajzaq;wpfvHk;(60000)usyfjzpfonf/
vlem&Siu
f vnf; qif;&Jom;awmifov
l ,form;jzpf r0,fEikd ?f a>rqdyf
ajzaq;rxdk;vQif a>rudkufcHtrsKd;orD;i,frSm ao&awmhrnf/ OD;wifOD;
u arwmapwemxm; a>rqdyfajzaq;av;vHk;(240000)zdk;0,f a>r
qdyfajzaq;xdk;ay;vdkufonf/ a>rudkufcHtrsKd;orD;rSm toufab;rS
uif;a0;oGm;onf/ OD;wifO;D tm; xdik u
f efawmhonf/ wGif OD;wifO;D u
qif;&Jom;awmifolv,form;rsm; a>rudkufcH&ygu a>rqdyfajzaq;
r0,fEdkifvQif toufqHk;IH;&aMumif;odoGm;onf/ (2001)ckESpfup
OD;wifOD;uaysmfbG,faq;HkBuD;wGif a>rqdyfajzaq;rsm; vSL'gef;cJhonf/
xdkacwftcgu aiGwefzdk;BuD;rm; a>rqdyfajzaq;wpfvHk; (60000)
qdo
k nfrmS wefz;kd BuD;rm;vSonf/ a>rudu
k cf &H olrmS a>rqdyaf jzaq; wpfv;kH
wnf;ESifh rvHkavmufay/ av;vHk;xdk;rSom toufcsrf;omcGifh&onf/
a>rqdyfajzaq;av;vHk;wefzdk;rSm (240000)jzpfonf/ xdktcsdefup
OD;wifOD;onf a>rqdyfajzaq;rsm; vdkoavmufaysmfbG,faq;HkBuD; wGif
pwifvSL'gef;cJhonf/
OD;wifOD; a>rqdyfajzaq;vSL'gef;cJhonfrSm(2001)ckESpfu ,ckESpf
txd (10)ESpMf umjrifch o
Jh nf/ a>rqdyaf jzaq;vSLonfh (10)ESpjf ynft
h xdr;f
trSwftjzpf atmufwdkbm(1)&ufu aysmfbG,fjynfolUaq;HkBuD;wGif
a>rqdyfajzaq;ay;tyfvSL'gef;yGJudk usif;ycJhonf/ a&S;OD;pGm a>rqdyf
tvS L &S i f r E a v;wd k i f ; a'oBuD ; vT w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f O D ; wif O D ; u
a>rqdyf vSL'gef;&jcif;\ &nf&,
G cf sufu&kd iS ;f vif;ajymMum;onf/ xdaYk emuf

ppfuikd ;f kypf akH usmif;ESihf armf',ftvS

rEav;? atmufwdkbm
(16)
rEav;"gwfyHktoif; vywf
"gwfyNkH ydKifyJG yGpJ Of(9)yGu
J kd jrefrmhtEk
ynmvuf&mESifh jrefrmtrsdK;orD;
tvSacgif;pOfjzifh atmufwb
kd m(7)
&uf u ppf u d k i f ; awmif d k ; k y f p H k
ausmif;BuD;wGif usif;yonf/
NydKify0JG if"gwfyq
kH &m(50)ausmf
wd k Y u k y f p H k a usmif ; BuD ; obm0
tvSESifharmf',ftvSudkdkuful;&m
armf ' ,f & wempd k ; rif ; u ul n D

uAsmq&mwifr;dk
(80)jynft
h BuKd pmwrf;zwf

a>rqdyaf jzaq;tvSL&Sif OD;wifO;D u (1250000)wefz;kd &Sd a>rqdyaf jzaq;

tvH;k (50)udk aysmb
f ,
G af q;Hq
k &m0efBuD;a'gufwmpd;k pd;k Edik v
f ufoYkd ay;tyf
vSL'gef;vdkufonf/ aysmfbG,faq;Hkq&m0efBuD;a'gufwmpdk;pdk;Edkifu
aus;Zl;wifpum;jyefvnfajymMum;onf/ a>rqdyfajzaq;vSL'gef;yGJodkY
aysmfbG,fNrdKUrS Xmeqdkif&mrsm;? &yfrd&yfzrsm;pHknDpGm wufa&mufMuonf/
a>rqdyaf jzaq;tvSL&SiOf ;D wifO;D (2001)ckEpS u
f p aysmfb,
G af q;HBk uD;odYk
a>rudu
k cf &H wufa&mufuo
k aom a0'em&Sirf sm;tm; tcrJv
h LS 'gef;cJ&h m
,aeYtxda>rqdyfajzaq;tvHk;aygif;(500)ausmfwef aMu;odef;(250)
ausmfzdk; vSL'gef;cJhaMumif;od&onf/ OD;wifOD;\a>rqdyfajzaq;aMumifh
aus;vufawmifolv,form;(300)ausmfrSm toufcsrf;omcGifh&&SdNyD;
tvSL&SifOD;wifOD;tm; aus;Zl;wifrqHk;&SdaeMuonf/ OD;wifOD;onf
a>rqdyaf jzaq;omruwpfv;kH vQif(80000)wef acG;l;jyeftqdyaf jzaq;
(10)vH;k udv
k nf; aysmfb,
G af q;HBk uD;odYk vSL'gef;xm;onfq\
kd / tvSL&Sif
OD;wifO;D u aysmfb,
G af q;HBk uD;odYk a>rqdyaf jzaq;rsm; qufvufvLS 'gef;
oGm;rnfqdk\/ OD;wifOD;onf aqmufvkyfa&;rS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD; ,cktcg
aysmfbG,fNrdKUe,f?trSwf(2)rJqEe,frS BuHhcdkifzGHUNzdK;a&;ygwDrEav;wdkif;
a'oBuD; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfa&G;cs,fcH&NyD; aus;vufa'o
zGHUNzdK;a&;twGufvlrIa&;?ynma&;?usef;rma&;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&Guf
udkwifvdIif (rddwDvm)
vsuf&Sdonf/

HOTEL SHWE PYI THAR

(MANDALAY) wGif MIKKO

rE a v;?
atmuf w k d b m(9)
uG,fvGefol uAsmq&m
wifrkd; (80)ESpfjynfharG;aeYtBudK
pmwrf;zwfyGJ tcrf;tem;ukd
atmufwkdbmv?(1)&uf? eHeuf
(10)em&Du jyifOD;vGifNrdKU? (16)
&yfuu
G t
f eD;pcef;av,mOfuiG ;f
teD; pnfom&Gmxef;&dyn
f Kd tEk
ynmNcHwGif usif;y&m pma&;
q&m? uAsmq&mrsm;? tEkynm
&S i f r sm;?zd w f M um;xm;ol r sm;
wufa&mufMuonf/
tcrf;tem;wGif OD;rsKd;cif(xef;&dyn
f Kd )u trSww
f &pum; EIwq
f uf
ajymMum;NyD;aemuf uAsmq&marmifaEGxufu uAsmq&mwifrkd;\
jrefrmpm? jrefrmuAsmtay:cspfcifjrwfEkd;rI?q&mBuD;\b0ESifh tEk
ynmyHk&dyfrsm;ukd trsKd;om;a&;tjrif? uAsm&otjrifjzifh pmwrf;zwf
Mum;onf/ qufvuf q&mwifrkd;\rEav;wuokdvfausmif;ae
buf o l i ,f c sif ; q&mOD ; cif a rmif G e f Y ( jyif O D ; vG i f ) uq&mwif r k d ; \
wuov
dk f ausmif;om;uAsmq&mb0tawGUtBuHKrsm; uAsma&;zGUJ rIrsm;
ref ; BuD ;
ukd &Sif;vif;ajymMum;NyD; tcrf;tem;kyfodrf;vdkufonf/

'DZdkifemrsdK;rif;pdk;(rEav;)
qdkifopfajymif;zGifhvSpf

uHprf;rJtpDtpOfqck s;D jri yhf u

JG si;f y
MIKO uH p rf ; rJ tpD
tpOf qkcsD;jrifhyGJtcrf;tem;
udk (1?10?2012) HOTEL
SHWE PYI THAR (MAN DALAY)wG i f usif ; ycJ h y g

onf/
pme,fZif;rsm;rS rJEdIuf
MI KO Big Cash Cas Smast
Cas qk u d k OD ; cG e f a rmif [ d e f ;

13^wue(Edik )f 008420un^

(25?9?12)&uf a eY w G i f trS w f ( 30)?vrf ; (40)(80-81)Mum;?

rEav;NrdKU 'DZdkifemrsdK;rif;pdk;\qdkiftopfajymif;a&TUzGifhvSpfjcif; tcrf;
tem;ESifh (5)ESpfjynfhopfom;&wktxdrf;trSwfyGJudk okyfaqmif&a0
atmif? tu,f'rDrsKd ;oEmxGe;f ? tqdak wmfwoo? ykv0J if;? acsm&wem?
udkrsdK;rif;pdk;wdkYu zJBudK;jzwfzGifhvSpfcJhygonf/ rdwfa[mif;?rdwfopfrsm;?
pme,fZif;rsm;tEkynm&Sifrsm; MYM Dancer Group rEav;rS armf',f
rsdK;ol(Bo Star)
av;rsm;jzifh pnfum;pGmzGifhvSpfcJhygonf/

ZGJxufpdefa&T&wemqdkif(2) zGifhyGJudk
'dkif;rGef;yvmZm ajrnDxyfwGifzGifhvSpf
aqmif&Gufay;onf/ NydKifyGJodkY rEav;"gwfyHktoif;Ou|OD;odef;aX;
armifESifhtrIaqmifrsm;vdkufygulnDaqmif&Gufay;Muonf/
ref ; BuD ;

459?o&zDvrf;? anmifjzLpcef;?awmifBuD;NrdKUrS &&SdoGm;ygonf/

(42)vufr TV (10)qk?usyf(200000)qk?(25)qkwdkYudk toD;oD;
rsdK;ol(BoStar))
rJEu
Id
f qkcsD;jriahf y;cJyh gonf/

rEav;wdkif;a'oBuD;twGif;pmMunfUwdkufrsm;twGuf wkwfaumifppf0efcsKyfu
tvSLaiG usyf(27)odef;vSL'gef;
rEav;NrdKU wkwfaumifppf0efcsKyfHk;rS rEav;wdkif;a'oBuD;twGif;&SdpmMunfh
wdkufrsm;twGuf tvSLaiGvSL'gef;yGJudk atmufwdkbm(2)&uf aeYv,f(1)em&Du
rEav;NrdKU? jynfBuD;wHcGefNrdKUe,f (62)vrf;&SdrEav;wdkif; a'oBuD;jyefMum;a&;ESifh
jynfolUqufqHa&;OD;pD;Xmewdkif;Hk;wGifusif;yonf/
tcrf;tem;wGif jyefMum;a&;ESifhjynfolUqufqHa&;OD;pD;Xmewdkif;OD;pD;rSL;
OD;ausmfoef;xGef;uwdkif;a'oBuD;twGif;&SdpmMunfhwdkufrsm;ESifhywfouf aqmif
&Gufxm;&SdrItajctaersm;udk &Sif;vif;ajymMum;NyD; wkwfaumifppf0efcsKyfu
vSL'gef;&jcif;taMumif;udk&Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/ qufvuf wkwfaumif
ppf0efcsKyfuwdkif;twGif;&SdpmMunfhwdkufrsm;twGuf tvSLaiGusyf(72)odef;udk
ay;tyfvSL'gef;&m jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme'kwd,0efBuD;OD;ydkufaxG;uvufcH&,lNyD;
ref ; BuD ;
vSL'gef;yGJtcrf;tem;udkkyfodrf;vdkufaMumif;od&onf/

ZG J x uf p d e f a &T & wemqd k i f ( 2)zG i f h y G J u d k (30?9?2012)&uf u

'dkif;rGef;yvmZmajrnDxyfwGifzGifhvSpfcJhygonf/
pd e f ? a&T ? yvuf w D e rf ? ausmuf r suf & wemrsm;ES i f h ywf o uf
rEav;NrdKUESihf rEav;teD;wpf0u
kd rf S a&Tcspfo?l pdecf spfo?l &wemcspfoEl iS hf
rd b jynf o l r sm;tm; qd k i f z G i f h y G J t xd r f ; trS w f j zpf 0ef a qmif r I r sm;
ay;cJhygonf/
rsdK;ol (Bo Star)

37

usm;opftBudKufcH&wJh a&Tpif

umwGef;orD;av;
armf',fjroDwm
uG , f v G e f o l u mwG e f ; uH c Ref & J U wl r uG , f v G e f
ol u mwG e f ; Ak d a rmif & J U orD ; av; jroD w m[mok y f
aqmifarmf',favmuxJukd em;Mum;ud&d,m aMumf
jimeJ Y p wif 0 if a &muf v mNyD ; Nyd K if y G J r sm;I d ; yG J r sm;rS m jrif
awGYMu7ygw,f/ "mwfyHkarmf',ftjzpfvJxif&Sm;vmNyD;
AD'D,kdxkwfvkyfa&;wpfck&JUurf;vSrf;rIukdvnf; &&Sdxm;
ygw,f / ,ck t cg rd w f u yf a Mumf j im?owk d Y o rD ; 0wf p H k
aMumfjimrsm;rSm "mwfyHkarmf',ftjzpf vIyf&Sm;aewmawGY
&Sd&ygw,f/ *sme,f?r*Zif;rsm;rSmvnf; "mwfyHkarmf',f
tjzpf kduful;xm;aMumif;vJod&Sd&ygw,f/ armf',fjr
oDwmukd 09-402577330 eJY qufoG,fvdkY&&SdEdkifaMumif;
vnf;od&Sd&ygw,f/
aZmfaZmf(bkdtzGJY)

White Dragon qdkifopf

White Dragon tdrftvSqifobm0ausmufjym;ESifhausmufrsuf

&wema&mif;0,fa&; qdkifopfzGifhyGJudk (7?10?2012)&ufaeY tdrftrSwf
(85)? 38vrf;? (82-83)vrf;Mum;wGif zGifhvSpfcJhygonf/
ausmufpdrf;ukefonfrsm;? pme,fZif;rsm;rS wufa&mufcJhygonf/
rsdK;ol ( Bo Star))

WIN & S.P.A.M um;ta&mif;jycef;

rEav;rSmzGiv
hf u
dk Nf yD

atmufwkdbmv 14 &ufaeY eHeuf 8em&Du rEav;NrdKUuRJqnfuef(10)vrf;xdyfrSm WIN & S.P.A.M

um;ta&mif;jycef; zGifhyGJrcrf;tem;ukdpnfum;okdufNrdKufpGm zGifhvSpfvkdfufygw,f/
zGifhyGJtcrf;tem;odkY Xmeqkdif&mwm0ef&Sdyk*KvfBuD;rsm;? rEav;NrdKUrdNrdKUbrsm;?pme,fZif;rD'D,mrsm;? 0,f
,lolrsm; avhvmolrsm;vma&mufMuygw,f/
zG i f y G J t crf ; trS w f w &tjzpf z G i f h y G J & uf w pf & uf t wG i f ; um;0,f , l o l r sm;uk d aiG u syf q ,f o d e f ; avQm
csa&mif;ay;aMumif; od&Sd&ygw,f/
armf',fav;rsm;&JU tqkdtuESifhId;yGJrsm; wifqufazsmfajzNyD; WIN & S.P.A.M \ wm0ef&Sd yk*dKvfrsm;rS
pme,fZif;rD'D,mtoD;oD;rSyk*dKvfrsm;tm; um;ta&mif;jycef;taMumif;ESifh&nf7G,fcsufrsm;ukd &Sif;vif;
ajymMum;um tcef;tem;ukd kyfodrf;ygw,f/
ckdifceYfaZmf

38

okyfaqmifarmf',fa&Tpifukd usm;opfb0eJYvlb0ESpfb0
jzpfaewJh vlusm;opfu BudKufESpfoufNyD; waumufaumufvkduf
aewJh Zmwfvrf;av;ukd 'gdkufwm,Grf;uyHkaz:kduful;NyD; a&TpifeJYtwl kyf&SifeJYAD'D,kdokyfaqmifrkd;atmif&ifu
vlusm;opftjzpfacgif;aqmifyg0ifxm;Muw,fvdkY od&Sd&ygw,f/ Zmwfum;em;rnfu arSmf0ifusm;opfeJY
aoG;usdefpmjzpfNyD; vHk;0kduful;NyD;pD;NyDjzpfaMumif;ESifh ,cktcg a&Tpif[maejynfawmf FC abmvHk;toif;ukd
tm;ay;zkdY aejynfawmfrSma&muf&SdaeaMumif;eJY aejynfawmfujyefvQif rkd;atmif&ifeJYyJ aemufwpfum;
qufvufkduful;rSmjzpfaMumif;od&Sdygonf/
aZmfaZmf(bkdtzGJY)

SUZUKI qkdifu,fta&mif;jycef;
DISCOUNT u'f jzeYfa0rI tcrf;tem;

rEav;NrdKU 78 vrf;wGif zGifhvSpfxm;aom*syefEdkifiHxkyf SUZUKI qkdifu,fta&mif;jycef;wGif txl;

VIP DISCOUNT u'f j ym; jzef Y a 0rI t pD t pOf u k d pme,f Z if ; rD ' D , mrsm;tm; zd w f M um;&S i f ; vif ; yG J w pf & yf
usif;yjyKvkyfygw,f/ VIP DISCOUNT u'fjym;yg&Sdol[m qkdifu,f0,f,l&mrSm 4% rS 5% xd aps;EIef;
oufompGm cHpm;cGifh&&SdrSmjzpfNyD; u'fjym;ykdifqkdifolu'fjym;ydkif&Sifukd aiGusyfwpfaomif;csD;jrifhrSmjzpfaMumif;
od&Sd&ygw,f/ KAISER wHqdyf*syefqkdifu,frsm;ukdvnf; rdwfqufajymMum;oGm;ygw,f/
ckdifceYfaZmf

SAMSUNG Mobie Brand Shop (Mandalay)

SAMSUNG Con sumer Ekectronics Road Show 2012 Mandalay zG i f h y G J t crf ; tem;ud k
pme,fZif;rsm;? rdwfaqGrsm;?pD;yGm;a&;&Sifrsm;jzifh (6?10?2012)&ufu trSwf D3, 78vrf;? 27-28Mum;?
rsdK;ol ( Bo Star))
rEav;NrdKUwGifzGifhvSpfcJhygonf/

rEav;NrdKYwiG f
yef;cst
D Ekynmjycef;vkt
d yfvsu&f dS

a&TbkdNrdKYa&mufZmwfobifrsm;&JYusef;rma&;

atmufwkdbm (16)? rEav;

rEav;NrdKUrS yef;csDjrifhausmf
xuf \ aqmif ; OD ; avajy wpf
ukd,fawmfyef;csDjyyGJukd atmufwkd
bm 11 &uf eHeuf 10 em&Du
rEav; csrf;at;ompHNrdKUe,f 34
vrf;? 81 vrf;ESifh 82 vrf;Mum;&Sd
&mjynfh rEav;pmtkyfqkdif trSwf
(2) oD&dyef;csDtEkynmjycef;wGif
usif;yonf/
tqkdygyef;csDjyyGJokdY rEav;
NrdKUyef;ynm&Sifrsm;tpnf;tHk;0if
yef;csDq&mrsm;? tEkynmjrwfEkd;
olrsm; wufa&mufMuNyD; yef;csDjrihf
ausmfxufu'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf
wpfukd,fawmfyef;csDjyyGJ usif;y&
jcif;ESifhpyfvsOf; &Sif;vif;ajymjy
onf/
yef;csDjrifhausmfxuf\aqmif;
OD;avajyyef;csDjyyGJwGif jrefrmh,Of
aus;rI v uf & mI c if ; I u G u f r sm;?
a&S;a[mif;taqmufttHk bk&m;
yk x k d ; apwD r sm; yef ; yk v uf & mpH k
ausmif;awmfBuDdrsm; jrifuGif;yef;csD
um;BuD;rsm;yg0ifNyD; pkpkaygif; 13
um;jyoxm;&m tenf;qH;k qDaq;um;wpfcsyfusyf ESpo
f ed ;f rS ESpo
f ed ;f ig;aomif;txd wefz;dk owfrw
S x
f m;onf/
&mjynfhpmtkyfqkdif(2)wGif rEav;yef;csDq&mrsm;\jrefrmhtEkynmvuf&mrsm;ukd jyyGJvufcHjyoa&mif;cs
vsuf&Sdygonf/
rEav;NrdKUwGif crf;em;aomyef;csDtEkynmjycef;vkdtyfaeaMumif; yef;csDjrifhausmfxufu xkwfazmfajym
Mum;vkdufonf/
ref;BuD;

YKKO

aMu;tdk;qdkifopf (rEav;)wdk;csJUzGifhvSpf
YKKO aMu;td k ; qd k i f
topf z G i f h y G J u d k puf w if b m
(29)&ufaeYwGif vrf;30? (6465)zGifhvSpfcJhygonf/
zG i f h y G J t xd r f ; trS w f t jzpf
(29?9?2012)&uf r S ( 30?10?
2012)xd (15) &mcdkifEIef; Discount csa&mif ; csay;rnf
jzpfaMumif;od&Sd&onf/
rsdK;ol ( Bo Star)

rEav;-tdk&,
D rfw,fa[mufpf Dumex ESifh
jrefrmEdkifiH olemjyKESifhom;zGm;toif;wdkYrS
Builting Better People Seminas usif;y
Dumex rS B uD ; rS L ;
jrefrmEdkifiHolemjyKESifh om;
zG m ;toif ; wd k Y yl ; aygif ;
usif;yaom Builting Better People Seminas ud k
rE a v;Nrd K Utd k & D , rf w ,f
a[muf p f c ef ; rwG i f puf
wifbm(29)&ufwGif
usif;y cJyh gonf/ Mo Asia
Co, Ltd Dumex rSvSL'gef;
aomaiG u syf E S p f o d e f ; ud k
vufcH&,lcJhygonf/ quf
vuf ol e mjyKwu o d k v f
(rEav;)rS ygarmu
XmerSL;a':vif;vif;cdkifu
Code of Eithies for nuress

taMumif;udkvnf;aumif;?
tdk;txl;ukaq;HkBuD;(rEav;)rSolemjyKq&mrBuD;a':'dkifeef;u Nursin Documentation taMumif;
udkvnf;aumif;? Mo Asia Co, Ltd Dumex rS Nutarition Manages a'gufwmpk'DZifbmpdk;u Impastance
of Immone System taMumif;udkvnf;aumif; toD;oD;a[majymcJhMuaMumif;od&onf/
rsdK;ol (Bo Star))

atmufwdkbmv 111213
1415&uf r sm;u a&T b k d N rd K U
Nrd K Uaxmif h apwD b k & m;yG J a wmf
usif;yjyKvkyfygw,f/ txl;pnf;
um;w,f v d k Y e mrnf a usmf w J h 1 3
&uf a eY r S m pma&;ol w k d Y a &muf & S d
cJhygw,f? Mum;zl;em;0&Sdxm;wmeJY
nD n G w f p G m yJ bk & m;yG J a wmf 0 if ;
twGif;a&mufatmifyJ renf;wkd;
a0SU0ifa&mufcJh&w,f/ acwfumv&JUqkdifu,fa&pD;aMumif;xJrSm a&TbkdNrdKU[mvnf;rusef&pfcJhygbl;?rsm;jym;
vS w J h q k d i f u ,f p D ; ol r sm;uk d awG U cJ h & ygw,f / eH y gwf j ym;wyf r xm;aomqk d i f u ,f r sm;? qk d i f u ,f O D ; xk y f
raqmif;MuwJq
h idk u
f ,fp;D olrsm;ESiv
hf u
dk af vs nDaxGpmG Murf;Murf;&rf;&rf;pD;Muwmudv
k nf; owdxm;a&Smif&mS ;NyD;
udk,fawGYcHpm;cJh&ygw,f/
a&TbkdeJYteD;w0kdufwmruyJ jrefrmjynfwpfvQm;ausmfMum;xif&Sm;vSwJha&TbkdNrdKUawmfapwDbk&m;yGJ
awmfBuD;&JUZmwfHkBuD;3HkrSmZmwftzGJY3zGJUujyazsmfajzMuygw,f/ pGrf;Zmenf?'g'dkYa&Tkyf&Sif? *DwESifhobif
azsmfajza&;tqifhjrifhZmwfobifESifhyGJwkdif;ausmfrEav;ZmwfyGJwdkY jzpfygw,f/
'g'dka&TrSm kyf&SifAD'D,kdeJYtqkdawmf pkdif;pkdif;crf;vIdifeJYkyf&SifAD'D,kdokyfaqmif[def;a0,HwkdYtm;jznhfyg0if
MuNyD; 'g'kdYa&T&JUyifwkdifrif;om;acsmav;rsm;jzpfMuwJh vTrf;?bkef;a0,Hriff;tdrfwdkYujyazsmfajzMuygw,f/
yefwsmEkdifukdukdwnfaxmifwJhyGJwkdif;ausmfrEav;ZmwfyGJ&JUZmwfHkrSmawmh tqkdawmfqkdaw;kyf&SifESifh
AD'D,kdokyfaqmiftqkdawmfcspfpEkd;OD;? tqkdawmfwoowkdYtm;jznfhxm;NyD; Zmwfq&mrif;om;av;Ekdifukdukd?
acgif;aqmifrif;om;acsmav;tmum? pwdwf ;dI rif;om;Ekid af usmfEiS hf rk;d uku
d ?dk xku
d w
f ef?oufwefu
Y u
dk ?dk vrif;uku
d kd
wkdY ujyazsmfajzMuygw,f/
pma&;olwkdYa&muf&SdwJh 13 7ufaeYnrSmawmh yGJwkdif;ausmfrEav;ZmwfyGJ&JUZmwfHkzGifhay;vkduf&wJhtxd
HkjynfhHkvQHtm;ay;MuwmukdawGY&Sd&ygw,f/ 'g'kdYa&TZmwfyGJvnf;HkzGifhay;&w,f/ pGrf;ZmenfZmwfyGJ vnf;Hkjynfh
ygw,f/ 'gaMumifha&TbkdNrdKUka&muf&SdwJhZmwftzGJYoHk;zGJYvHk;usef;rma&;tajctaetxl;aumif;rGefMuw,fvdkYqkd&
ygr,f/
tqkdawmfwoouvnf; olY&JUaumif;uifxufvrif;oDcsif;tcsyfukdZmwfHktwGif;rSmyJ vufrSwfxkd;
S f
a&mif;csay;cJyh gw,f/ tqkad wmfwoo? okyaf qmifcspfpEk;d OD;?tpDtpOfwifqufou
l Ndk zdK;(NYM)wdYk vufrw
a&;xkd;ay;MuwmawGU&ygw,f/ tqkdawmfwoo[mvnf; a&Tbkde,foljzpfwmeJYtnD olY&JUvufrSwfxkd;
a&mif;cswJt
h pDtpOfav;rSm txl;pnfumwmawG&cdS &hJ ygw,f/ vufrw
S x
f ;dk xm;wJt
h pDtpOfNyD;wJ aemufrmS awmh
woooDqkdazsmfajzNyD; NYM Dameer tzGJU&JUtursm;eJY Free Show ujyoDqkdazsmfajz&m y&dwfowfrsm;
txl;tm;ay;MuwmawGU&SdcJh&ygw,f/
woo&JUoDqkdazsmajzrIawGxJu yGJtawmif;cH&aomoDcsif;av;uawmh wkdif;usdK;jynfjyKtwGuf
tkyfwpfcsyfoJwpfyGifhpm ,HkMunfcsufeJYoDqkdxm;wJhjrefrmh&wem{&m0wDqkdwJhaw;oDcsif;av;jzpfaMumif;
woou&ifzGifhajymMum;ygw,f/
rnfodkYyifqkdapumrl a&TbkdNrdKUaxmifhapwDbk&m;yGJawmfBuD;rSmawmh jrefrmhZmwfobifusef;rma&;[m
a'gufa'gifjrnfawGY&SdcJh&NyD; omaMumif; rmaMumif;owif;aumif;Mum;cJh&aMumif;yg/
ckdifcefYaZmf

Ocean Supercentrersm;\

oDwif;uRwfyGJawmftxl;tpDtpOfrsm;
oDwif;uRwfcsdefcgtcgor,wGif aps;0,folrdbjynfolrsm;twGuf &efukef? rEav;? aejynfawmf&Sd
(2012)ckESpf? atmufwdk bm(12)&ufrSpwif Edk0ifbm(1)&uftxd
oDwif;uRwftxl;tpDtpOftjzpf vdktyfonhftoHk;taqmiftrsdK;rsdK;ESifhpm;aomufukefrsdK;pHkwdkYudk
wpfae&mwnf; rSmpHkvifpGma&mif;csay;aeNyDjzpfaMumif;od&Sd&onf/
if;oDwif;uRwfyaJG wmftxl;tpDtpOfwiG f vlBuD;rdbrsm;tm; *g&0jyKvdo
k rl sm;twGuf vSyaooyfpmG
xkyfydkxm;onfht&nftaoG;jrifh vufaqmifjcif;rsm;? opfoD;jcif;rsm;ESifhrD;yHk;rsm;? oDwif;uRwftvSqif
rD;trsdK;rsdK;? pm;aomufukefESihfvloHk;ukefypnf;trsdK;rsdK;wdkYtjyif oDwif;uRwftxl;tpDtpOftaejzifh
(2012)ckEpS ?f atmufwb
dk m(19)&ufrES 0kd ifbm(8)&uftxd t&nftaoG;jrifph m;aomufuek rf sm;? acwfrq
D ef;
opfvSyonfht0wftxnfrsm;? t&nftaoG;aumif;rGefonhf Lum- inarc, Lock& Maxim tp&Sdonfh
rD;zdak csmifo;kH ypn;f rsm;?t&nftaoG;jrifv
h Qyfppfypn;f rsm;tp&So
d nht
f rsdK;aygif;(200)ausmfukd vufaqmif
ypnf;rsm;udk txl;aps;EIef;rsm; jzifha&mif;csay;aeNyDjzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif if;tpDtpOfwGif oDwif;uRwf
vufaqmifjcif;(5)jcif;ESifhtxuf0,f,lygu (48)em&DtwGif; Free Delivery ServicejzifhydkYaqmif
oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&Sd&onf/
NL
Ocean Supercentrersm;tm;vHk;wGif

39

urmhtouftMuD;qHk;vlom;

pudwfpD;jyD;*if;epfpHcsdefcsdK;jycJhwJhu,fvfydkif;
u,fvfydkif;vdkYtrnf&wJh'DacG;av;&JUpGrf;&nfuawmhwu,fhtHhrcef;wJhpGrf;&nfvdkYajym&rSmyg/'DacG;av;[ma&xJrSmpudwfpD;jy&if;vlom;awGawmifyg0ifzdkYrvG,fulwJh*if;epf
rSwfwrf;rSmrSwfwrf;opfa&;xdk;jyEdkifcJhygw,f/ol[ma&xJrSmt&SnfqHk;c&D;wpfckudka&mufatmifoGm;jy&if;pHcsdefopfwifEdkifcJhwmjzpfygw,f/u,fvf[ma&xJrSmt&Snf
351ay8vufrtxdpudwfudkuGsrf;uGsrf;usifusifpD;jyEdkifcJhjyD;tckvdkpHcsdefopfwifEdkifcJhwmjzpfygw,f/ olU&JUpHcsdefudkvuf&SdrSmawmhb,facG;urS rcsdK;zsufEdkifao;ygbl;/
ol[m'DpHcsdefudk(2011)atmufwdkbm(18)u tar&duefEdkifiHqef'D*dkurf;ajcrSmjyKvkyfcJhwJhwd&dpmefrsm;pGm&JUa&vTmavQmpD;jydKifyGJrSmpHcsdefwifEdkifcJhwmjzpfygw,f/

rdwfuyfvdrf;jc,fyGJ
MopaMw;vsEikd if &H UJ xl;xl;jcm;jcm;usi;f y
cJhwJhyGJav;wpfckudkrdwfqufay;csifyg
w,f'DyGJav;rSmvlaygif;2572a,muf
[mtcsdef8em&DcGJMumatmifpkaygif;rdwf
uyfjyifcyhJ gw,f'v
D jkd yifqifcw
hJ t
hJ wGuf
*if;epfpHcsdefrSmtcsdeftMumqHk;eJYvl
trsm;qH;k tvSjyifyt
JG jzpf*if;epfpcH sderf mS
pHcsdew
f ifEikd cf yhJ gw,f'aD vmufew
YJ ifru
ao;ygbl;'Dvlaygif;2000ausmfxJu
289a,muf[m'Dpch sdet
f jyifaemufxyf
pHcsed o
f pfwpfcu
k x
kd yfrw
H ifjyEdik cf yhJ gw,f/
tJ'2D 89a,muf[m24em&Dv;kH rdwu
f yf?
qHyif?vufonf;pwmawGudkpkaygif;
jyifqif&if;xyfrpH cH sdeo
f pfwifcyhJ gw,f/
'Dxl;jcm;wJhyGJav;udkvlaygif; 6000
ausmfcefpY w
d 0f ifwpm;vma&mufMunf&Y I
cJhMuygw,f/

40

*syefvlrsdK;touf115ESpf&Sd*smkdrGef
uDrdk&mudkurmhtoufMuD;qHk;ouf&Sdvl
om;tjzpf*if;epfrSwfwrf;uowfrSwfcJhyg
w,f/ *if;epfrSwfwrf;taeeJYtckvdka&G;
cs,frI[m2013ckESpftwGufa&G;cs,fcJhwm
jzpfjyD;trsdK;orD;taeeJYa&G;cs,f&jcif;r&Sd
ao;bl;vdkYod&ygw,f/*syeftrsdK;om;MuD;
uDrdk&muawmholYtaeeJY'DqktwGuf0rf;
ajrmuf&jyD;aemifESpfawGrSmvnf; tckvdk
pHcsdefopfwifEdkifzdkYtwGufvkyfaqmifoGm;
OD;rSmjzpfw,fvdkYqdkygw,f/uDrdk&mtae
eJ Y v uf & S d r S m urm U touf M uD ; qH k ; tjzpf
owfrw
S cf &H jcif;tjyiftm&Swu
kd rf mS touf
MuD;qH;k tjzpfrw
S w
f rf;0ifcw
hJ m jzpfygw,f/
uDudk1897ckESpfu*syefEdkifiHudkwef*dkyif
v,fjrdKUav;rSmarG;zGm;cJhwmjzpfjyD;vuf
&S d r S m vnf ; tqd k y gjrd K UrS m bJ q uf v uf a e
xdkifaeqJjzpfygw,f/ppfjyefwpfOD;jzpfum
ok & ow d e J Y y wf o wf j yD ; qk w H q d y f 3 ck & &S d
xm;ol w pf O D ; vnf ; jzpf y gw,f / uD [ m
2012rSmurmt
h oufMuD;qH;k ouf&v
dS o
l m;
tjzpf*if;epfpHcsdefwifcJhwJhtar&duefEdkifiH
om;*s&d k r G e f q d k o l x uf & uf a ygif ; 32&uf
MuD ; wmaMumif h c k v d k * if ; epf r S w f w rf ; rS m
urmYtoufMuD;qHk;ouf&Sdvlom;tjzpf
pHcsdef0ifcJhwmjzpfygw,f/

oGm;Mum;xdk;wHrsm;eJYzefwD;xm;wJhrkwfqdwf
rk w f q d w f a rT ; ud k v l w d k i f ; yd k i f q d k i f E d k i f r S m r[k w f y gbl ; /'D r k w f q d w f a rT ;
ydkif&Sifuawmh touf25ESpft&G,f&Sdum&dk;qdkwJhvli,fav;bJjzpfygw,f/
ol[moGm;Mum;xdk;wHaygif;3107ckeJYrkwfqdwfyHkpHzefwD;jyKvkyfcJhzefwD;rI[m
*if;epfpHcsdefrSmoGm;Mum;xdk;wHtrsm;qHk;yg0ifzefwD;xm;wJhrkwfqdwftjzpf
*if;epfpHcsdefrSmrSwfwrf;0ifxm;ygw,f/uJoifwdkYaumvkyfMunfYMurvm;/

um;eJYtjydKifa*guf&dkufpGrf;&nfjyocJhol
a*guf&dkufjydKifyGJawGrSmrdkiftrsm;qHk;a&mufatmif&dkufjyedkifol?wcsuf
xJusif;0ifatmif&dkufjyedkifol'DvdkrsdK;awGeJYbJpHcsdefawGwifcJhwmMum;zl;Muyg
vdrfhr,f'DvdkMum;zl;aeuspHcsdefrsdK;r[kwfwJhpHcsdefwpfckudkt*FvefEdkifiHom;*suf
pyuf[wfqdkol[mwifjycJhygw,f*suf[mrDwm75rDwmeJYarmif;ESifaewJhum;
&JUOD;wnf&mt&yfudkum;ra&mufcifa*gufoD;a&mufatmif&dkufjycJhjyD;pHcsdefopf
wpfckwifjycJhygw,fol[mtqdkygt&SdefeJUarmif;ESifaewJhum;&JUOD;wnfcsuf
rdkif285rdkifudkum;ra7muf&Sdcifa&muf&Sdatmif&dkufjycJhygw,f/'Dvdk&dkufEdkifzdkY
*suf[mtcsdef4ESpfMumavhusifhcJh&w,fvdkY*sufuqdkygw,fol&JUtHhrcef;wJhjy
uGut
f wGu*f if;epfwm0ef&o
dS al wG[mb,fvekd mrnfwyfjyD;*if;epfrw
S w
f rf;rSm
e'D x d k u f
a&;xdk;&rvJqdkwmudk rodEdkifao;bl;vdkYod&ygw,f/

,ciftywfrStquf
wwd,tqifhukda&mufaomtcgrSmawmh pdwfvIyf&Sm;p&mjzpfvmcJhygw,f/ vkHNcHKa&;u ykdNyD;wif;
Muyfvmygw,f/ vkHNcHKa&;uif;r&mrsm;vnf; trsm;tjym;awGU&ygw,f/ xkH;pHtwkdif; wa&GUa&GUwef;pDNyD;
"mwfavScg;xJukd wkd;a0SY0ifMu&csdefrSm cg;ykdufEIdufrsm;eJY ywfoufvkdY owday;aMunmcsufawGvnf; awGU
ae&wJhtwGuf cg;ykdufEIdufawGvufpGrf; xufwJhae&mayyJvkdY ,lq&ygw,f/ tay:qkH;tqifhukd "mwfavScg;eJY
a&mufoGm;csdefrSmawmh kyf&SifawG? "mwfykHawG? pmtkyfawGxJrSmomawGUzl;aewJh tDzJvfwm0gBuD;ay:ukd orD;BuD;aus;Zl;eJY
uRefawmfa&mufEkdifcJhNyDvkdY awG;vkdufjzpfygw,f/ wpfaeYus&if 'Dae&mrsKd;ukda&muf&r,fhvkdY tdyfrufawmifrrufbl;cJhwJh
tDzJvfwm0gvkd arQmfpifay:u uRefawmfukd,fwkdifa&muf&SdaecJhwm[m tdyfrufr[kwfbl;qkdwmaocsmvkdYoGm;cJhygw,f/
tDzJvfwm0gxdyfqkH;uae yg&DNrdKUBuD;wpfckvkH;ukd Munfh&wJh t&om[m bmeJYvJvkdY r&ygbl;/ rD;a&mifpkHawGxGef;ndxm;NyD;
nOfheufoef;acgifa&mufwmawmif vScsifwkdif; vSaewJhukdvkdeDawG&JUjy,k*f[m olwkdY&JU atmifjrifrIoauFwyJvkdY qkd&rSmyg/
urmausmftDzJvfwm0gBuD;onfvnf; ukdvkdeDwkdY&JUoauFwwpfckygyJ/ okdYaomfvnf; onftcsdefrSm jyifopfawG onf
ukdvkdeDtifyg,mxlaxmifcJhw,fqkdwmukd arhavsmhaeMuavavsmh ovm;yJ/
tDzJvfwm0gay:&JUtjrifhqkH;ae&mukd a&mufaecsdefrSmyJ tDzJvfwm0gydwfawmhr,fqkdwJh tcsufay;pum;oHawGaMumifh MumMumraeMu&bJ
"mwfavScg;xJjyef0ifMu&jyefygw,f/ uRefawmfhtawGUtBuHKt& jyifopf? *syef? xkdif0rf(wkdifay)befaumuf? rav;&Sm;? wkwf? pifumylwkdYrSm
onfvkdwm0gtjrifhBuD;awG tNydKiftqkdifaqmufvkyfMuNyD; olwkdYEkdifiH&JU *kPfyk'fukd azmfusL;aeMuwJhtay:rSm uRefawmfwkdY c&D;oGm;awGu
wul;wu ta&mufvmNyD; olwkdY&JU urmausmf wm0gBuD;awGukd od'dwifay;ae&wm[m pOf;pm;Munfhavav tm;i,f&avavygyJ/
udk,fawGwkdif;jynfrSmaum onfvkdEkdifiH*kPfaqmifr,fh wm0gBuD;wpfckavmuf&SdEkdif&if raumif;aybl;vm;vkdY BuHBuHzefzefpOf;pm;Munfhrd
ygw,f/ urmausmfwm0gBuD;ukd b,fae&mrSm aqmuf&ifaumif;rvJvkdY pOf;pm;Munfhaerd&if; "mwfavSum;eJY tqifhqifhjyefqif;cJh&yg
w,f/ ajrjyifay:a&mufawmh uRefawmfwo
Ydk m;tza&mufcMhJ uwJh tDzv
J w
f m0garQmfpifBuD;ukad rmhMunfNh yD; onftay:a&mufatmif wufEidk cf NhJ yDvYdk
*kPf,laerdovkd? uRefawmftoGm;csifqkH;ae&mukd a&mufatmif ykdYay;cJhwJh orD;BuD;ukdvnf; aus;Zl;wifaerdygw,f/
ajrjyifukda&mufawmh qkdifwpfqkdifp ESpfqkdifprSm vlawGwef;pDwkd;a0SYaeMuwm awGU&ygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYom;tz&,f? npm
qufvufazmfjyygrnf/
rpm;Mu&ao;yJukd;/

,ciftywfrStquf
uRefawmfwkdYaps;0,faecsdefrSm wpfzufurf;ukd vSnfhMunfhvdkufawmh uRefawmfwkdYukd vkdufykdYay;wJhum;xJrSm tqifhoifh
apmifhay;aewJhyk*dKvfawGukd jzwfceJvSrf;awGUvkduf&NyD; uRefawmfwkdYukd pdwfrcsvkdY wpfbufurf;uae apmifhMunfhaewJh
oabmyJ vkdY ,lq&ygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYrSmpdwfcsvufcsaps;0,fae&aomfvnf;yJ aemufausm uawmhw,frvkHcsifygbl;/
b,ftcsderf mS rsm; ukad &T,;dk ',m;awG pdwaf jymif;oGm;avrvJvYdk pdwyf al eMu&wmyg/ wu,fw
h u,fuawmh aps;0,frh ,fom
0,faeMu&aomfvnf;yJ ukd,fawGeJYtokH;wnfhwJh ypnf;ursm;rsm;pm;pm;r&SdvSygbl;/ wpfbufurf;u a0gav a'otwGuf
&nf&G,fzGifhvSpfwJhaps;qkdifawGjzpfaomfvnf;yJ jrefrmpum;u odyfayguf vSw,fr[kwfjyefygbl;/
uRefawmfwkdYrSm twwfqef;NyD; 0,fr,fhom0,faeMu&ayr,fh ukd,fykdifum;eJY vmMu&wmrsKd;r[kwfavawmh o,f
&jyK&rSmvnf; tawmfcufcJwJhtaetxm;ygyJ/ 'gaMumifh wpfEkdifwpfykdifyJ trSwfw&jzpfatmif 0,fjzpfcJhMuygw,f/
uRefawmfuawmh ppfokH;ypnf;wcsKdUukd trSwfw&0,fcJhjzpfygw,f/
tJonfah emuf 0rf;[maewmaMumifh wpfcck pk m;Mu&atmifqNdk yD; qkid w
f pfqidk 0f if xku
d v
f u
dk Mf uygw,f/ uRefawmfwpYdk m;vk&Yd
wmbmrsm;&Srd vJawmhrajymwwfygbl;/ tm;vk;H tqifajyatmifemrnfBuD;auGUw,krd mS pm;Muygw,f/ wynfah usmfawGuawmh
urm ausmfqif;*g;bD,mawGbmawGtm;ay;aeMuav&JU tJonfhtcsdefrSm ,kd;',m;eJY uRefawmfwkdY jrefrmEkdifiHukd e,fedrdwf
ykdif;jcm;xm;avwJh aomif&if;jrpf(wu,fawmh acsmif;omomav;yg) [m aEGa&mufaevkdYvm;rodygbl;/ a&odyfr&SdvSygbl;/
jrefrmbufurf;u uav;wpfcsKdUuawmh aomif;&if;jrpfxJrSm tyltyifuif;rJhpGm 'kdifyifvSdrfhxdk;NyD; a&ul;vkdYaumif; aeMu
wmawGU&ygw,f/ uav;wkdYobm0Nidrf;csrf;a&;qkdwmu olwkdYtwGuf a&ul;wmavmufta&;BuD;r,frxifygbl;/ tylyif
uif;rJhpGm aomif&if;jrpfxJa&ul;aewJhuav;awG&JU tem*wf[m bmrsm;jzpfvmrvJvkdY pOf;pm;Munfhaecsdef rSmyJ? jrefrmbuf
urf;uae qlnHqlnHeJY aomif&if;jrpfukd ajcvsifjzwful;vmol wcsKdUukdawGU&ygw,f/ olwkdYonf ,kd;',m;bufurf;rSm
tvkyfvkyfaeMuolrsm;? okdYwnf;r[kwf aps;0,fxGufvmolrsm;[k ,lqp&m&Sdygw,f/ olwkdYawG[m ,kd;',m;bufurf;ukd
bmywfpfykdYrSrygbJ aomif&if;jrpfukd vrf;avQmuful;vmMuolawGyg/ olwkdYawG[m ,kd;',m;tapmifhawGa&SUrSmyJ ,kd;',m;
e,fajrxJ jzwfoGm;cJhMuwmjzpfayr,fh olwkdYukd tppftaq; tar;tjref;r&Sdygbl;/

43
43

a&S U tywf q uf z wf y g&ef

a&S;a[mif;taqmuftODw&m;H;k (2)ck
yk*v
u
d odrhk vJaT jymif;a&; a&SaY ersm;uGe&f ufqEjy
jrefrmEkid if \
H a&S;a[mif;w&m;H;k (2)ckudk
yk*vduodkYvTJajymif;ay;xm;jcif;ESihf ,if;
w&m;Hk;rsm;ukd [kdw,fvkyfief;jyKvkyfrnf
ukd a&SUaersm;uGef&ufu 2012 ckESpf
atmufwkdbm(17)&uf eHeuf(10)em&DwGif
qefYusifuefYuGufonfhqEjyyGJwpfck jyK
vkyfcJhonf/
a&SUaersm;uGef&ufu xkdokdY qefYusif
uefYuGufqEjy&mwGif cGifhjyKcsuf &&Sdonfh
twkdif; a&SUaeOD;a&(150)jzifh a&S;a[mif;
w&m;Hk;rsm;ukd ,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpf
tjzpf qufvufxm;&S&d ef a&SUaersm; uGef
,ufu ,if;aeYwGif aMunmcsufwpf
apmifxkwfjyefcJhonf/
xkdYtjyif(1)wkd;jrifhwHqdyfcGef? kH;cGefEIef;xm;?
jynfolrsm;rvdkvm;
(2) trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpf
ypnf;rsm; xdef;odrf;umuG,fa&;
(3) w&m;kH; taqmufttkHrsm;
w&m;kH;tjzpfwnf&Sda&; ponfhtcsuf
tvufrsm;udk awmif;qkdcJhMuonf/
a&SUaersm;uGef&ufu qExkwfazmf
&mwGif OD;oef;wif? OD;udkeD? OD;atmifodef;
OD;BuD;jrifh? OD;pdk;wif wdkY OD;aqmifum
a[majymcJhMuonf/

a&S;a[mif;tarGtESpf[k w&m;0if
owfrw
S x
f m;aom w&m;k;H tjzpf tok;H jyK
aeqJjzpfaom taqmufttkH(2) ckudk
yk*v
u
d odv
Yk aJG jymif;ay;jcif;tm; tjrefq;Hk
&yfqkdif;ay;&eftwGuf awmif;qdkcJhMu
onf/ ,if;taqmuftODESpfckrSm(1)&ef u k e f N rd K U yef ; qd k ; wef ; vrf ; eJ Y
r[mAEKvyef;NcHvrf;tMum;rSm&Sw
d hJ (Hight
Court) vdkYac:wJh teDa&miftaqmufttkH
(2)&efukefNrdKU urf;em;vrf;ESifh bPf
vrf;tMum;&Sd ,cifparmfaumfHk; (Small
Causes Court) rsm;jzpfygonf/ w&m;kH;
vGwaf wmfa&SUaeBuD;OD;udek u
D 'Da&S;a[mif;
w&m;kH;rsm;ESifh ywfouf]]a&S;a[mif;tarGtESpfrsm;ESifh ywf
ouf taqmufttkHumuG,f apmihf
a&Smuf&r,f? tu,f ysufpD;vdkY jyif
qif&ifawmifrS rlvvuf&mtwkdif;yJ jyif
&r,f? tjyifydkif;qkdif&mawGudk ajymif;
cGifhawmifr&Sdbl;/ txJudkyJ tm;jznfhwJh
oabmavmuf y J j zpf & r,f / tck a wmh
w&m;Hk;taqmufttkHawGudk [dkw,f
tjzpf ajymif;vJr,fqdkvdk&Sd&if rlvtae
txm;vkH;0 aysmufoGm;awmhrSmaygh tJ'g
rsKd;udk uRefawmfwkdYu vkH;0rvkdvm;ygbl;/
tJ'gaMumifh EkdifiHawmforwqDukd arwm

&yfcHpmydkYxm;ygw,f/ wpfvavmuf&Sdyg
NyD/ 'gayr,fh bmrS rxl;vmcJhygbl;/
tJ'gaMumifh uRefawmfwdkYu vlxkqEjy
wJh taeESifh BudK;pm;vdkY ratmifjrif&if
aemuf wwd, wpfenf;taeESifh w&m;
Oya'taMumif;t& aqmif&GufwJh enf;
yg/ w&m;pGrJ mS vm;? b,fou
l kd b,fypHk EH iS hf
bmOya'ESiphf rJG mS vJ? t"duawmhtrsKd;om;
,Of a us;rI t arG t ES p f yp n f ; awG r
aysmuf ysuf&atmif [dkw,fjzpfroGm;
atmif w&m;kH;[m w&m;kH; taeESifh
&Sad tmif w&m;Oya'aMumif;t& tjyifrmS
vk y f r S m vm; ? w&m;k H ; rS m vk y f r S m vm; ?
jynfolYvTwfawmfrSm vkyfrSmvm;? orw
BuD;qDrSmyJwifrSm tjcm;jcm;aom &Edkif
aom enf;vrf;awGeJY vkyfoGm;r,fvdkY
wkdifyifxm;Muygw,f/
w&m;vT w f a wmf a &S U ae OD ; ud k e D u
]]uRefawmfwkdY w&m;a&;avmueJY ouf
qkdifwJh w&m;kH;awGudk chHchHxnfxnf
odum&Sd&Sd w&m;pD&ifEdkifwJh w&m;Hk;rsm;
jynfvnfxm;&Sm;ay;ygvkYd Edik if aH wmforw
BuD;eJY wm0ef&Sd yk*dKvfrsm; tm;vkH;udk
av;av;pm;pm; av;av;eufeuf awmif;
qdkygaMumif;}} owif;rD'D,mrsm;udk ajym
Mum;cJhonf/
PS?? pdk;pHxkduf

qExkwfazmfrIyGJESifUywfouf a&SYaersm;uGef&ufrS
oabmxm;aMunmcsufxkwfjyef
a&SUaersm;uGef&ufu (17?10?2012)&uf eHeuf(10)em&DwGif &efukefNrdKU? yef;qkd;wef;vrf;? r[mAEKv
yef;NcHvrf;? bPfvrf;? ql;avvrf;rwkdYwGif qExkwfazmfyGJwpf&yf usif;ycJhonf/ 4if;qExkwfazmfyGJwGif
a&SUaersm;uGef&ufrS 4if;wkdY\ oabmxm; aMunmcsufukd xkwfjyefcJhonf/ 4if;aMunmcsufrSm &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;twGufomru wpfEkdifiHvHk;*kPfudkaqmifwJh w&m;Hk;csKyf taqmuftOD;BuD;ESifh
urf;em;vrf;ESifhbPfvrf;Mum;&Sd &efukefwdkif;pkaygif;Hk;taqmuf tODrsm;udk yk*vduudk vTJajymif;ay;zdkYaqmif
&GufaewJhtaMumif;? owif;*sme,frsm;rS a&;om;vmaMumif;awGU&wJhtwGuf uRefawmfrsm; a&SUaeuGef&uf&JU
obmywdtzGJU 0ifvlBuD;rsm;jzpfMuaom q&mOD;oef;wif? q&mOD;tkef;armifESifh q&mOD;GefYodef;wdkY u
tcsdefrDwm;qD;NyD; w&m;Hk;rsm;tjzpf qufvuftoHk;jyKcGifh&a&;twGuf (1)EkdifiHawmforwBuD;? (2)
jynfoUl vTwaf wmfOu|? (3) trsKd;om;vTwaf wmfOu|BuD;? (4) &efuek w
f ikd ;f 0efBuD;csKyfxH w&m;0ifpmrsm;a&;om;
wifjyxm;cJNh yD;jzpfygw,f/ odaYk yr,fh (1)vausmfMumapmifq
h ikd ;f aecJah omfvnf; xl;jcm;rIr&Sb
d J NcH0if;cwfvmonfh
twGuf uRefawmfrsm;a&SUaeuGef&uf\oabmxm;udk owif;Xmersm;udk zdwfac:&Sif;vif;&jcif; jzpfygw,f/
tJ'DudpeJYywfoufvdkY uRefawmfwdkYa&SUaersm;uGef&uf yxrtBudrf awmf0ifESif;qD pm;aomufqkdifrSm
usif;ywJh (1?6?2012)&uf? aomMumaeY pmwrf;zwfaqG;aEG;cJhonfh tpDtpOf(5)&yfteuf tpDtpOf(2)rSm
azmfjycJhwJhtwdkif; ]]w&m;Hk;rsm;twGuf oD;oefYaqmufvkyfxm;NyD;aomtaqmufttHkrsm;udk qufvuftoHk;
jyKay;&ef(&efukefwdkif; w&m;Hk; jyefvnfrGrf;rHtoHk;jyK&ef)}}[laomtcsufudk aqG;aEG;ajzqdkcJhNyD;jzpfonfhtjyif
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmftpdk;& orwOD;
odef;pdefxHudkvnf; a&SUaersm;uGef&ufrS pmjzifh
a&;om;wif j yxm;NyD ; jzpf y gw,f / or w xH
wifjypmudv
k nf; wifjyxm;ygw,f/ Munfh EI ikd f
ygw,f/
tqdkygHk;BuD;udk pwifwnfaqmufpOf
uyifparmfaumfw&m;H;k (Small Causes Court)
tjzpfaqmufvyk cf ahJ om taqmuftOD;BuD;jzpf
ygonf/ w&m;olBuD;rsm;pGmHk;xkdif trIrsm;
ppfaq;pD&ifEidk &f ef w&m;cGi?f w&m;olBuD;H;k cef;?
0ef x rf ; rsm;H k ; cef ; ? bD v pf H k ; cef ; ? trI w G J
rSwfwrf;rsm;xm;&Sdonfhtcef; ponfjzifh pepf
wus&nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&Sd aqmufvkyfxm;aom
taqmuftOD;jzpf w&m;Hk;tjzpfom qufvufxm;&SdtoHk; jyKoifhygw,f/
w&m;Hk;BuD;tm; wnfaqmufxm;onfhae&monf oGm;vma&; tvGeftqifajyaomae&mwGifwnf
aqmufxm;onfjzpf trIonfrsm;? oufaorsm;? a&SUaersm;? w&m;olBuD;rsm;ESifh Hk;0efxrf;rsm; oGm;vma&;
vG,fulojzifh w&m;Hk;tjzpfom qufvufxm;&Sdoifhygw,f/
aqmufvkyfxm;onfhtaqmuftOD;onf w&m;Hk;twGuf &nf&G,faqmufvkyfxm;jcif;jzpfonfhtjyif
cefYnm;xnf0grIvnf;&Sdonfjzpf w&m;Hk;tjzpf xm;&SdtoHk;jyK&ef [dwf[efodum&SdaomtaqmuftOD;
wpfckjzpfygonf/ EkdifiHjcm;om;trIonfrsm; a&muf&Sdvmygu tjynfjynfqdkif&me,fy,fwGif jrefrmEkdifiH\
*kPfodumudkazmfusL; Ekdifonfh taqmuftOD;rsKd;jzpf w&m;Hk;tjzpfom qufvufxm;&Sdoifhygw,f/
puf?kH tvkyf t
kH jzpfaomfvnf;aumif;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;twGuaf omfvnf; aumif;? aqmufvyk x
f m;jcif;
r[kwb
f J rlvuenf;uyif w&m;H;k tjzpf aqmufvyk x
f m;onfh taqmuftOD;udk w&m;H;k rsm;tjzpf tqifajy
acsmarGUpGm toHk;jyKaeEdkif ygvsufESifh w&m;Hk;rsm;udk tjcm;oGm;vm&cufcJaom NrdKUpGefa'orsm;odkY cGJjzefYajymif;
a&TUum vuf&SdtoHk;jyKaeaom w&m;Hk;taqmuftOD;tm; [dkw,fjyKvkyf&eftwGuf yk*vduodkY vTJajymif;
ay;jcif;onf avsmfuefoifhjrwfjcif;vHk;0r&Sdygbl;/
xkduJhodkY *kPfodum&Sdaomw&m;Hk;rsm;wnf&Sdae&ef vdktyfaecsdefwGif ppftpdk;& vufxuf tmPmrpGefYrD
tcsdeu
f avvHwifa&mif;cscJo
h nf[o
k &d aom ,cif ykvyd f rif;BuD;H;k (&efuek w
f ikd ;f w&m;H;k BuD;)udk wkwu
f rk P
D

44
44

wpfcku avvHqGJ0,fNyD; Hk;BuD;ywfvnfudkum&H jyKjyifrGrf;rHrIrsm; pvkyfaeNyDjzpfaMumif;awGU&ygw,f/

'g[m jrefrmEkdifiH&JU a&S;a[mif;tarGtESpftjzpfowfrSwfjy|mef;xm;NyD;aomtaqmuftOD;udk ppf tpdk;&vuf
xufrS avvHwif [dkw,f odkYr[kwf jywdkuftjzpf yk*vduydkifvTJajymif; ay;xm;rIrSm jy|mef;Oya'ESifh
rnDygbl;/
,cif w&m;Hk;csKyf(yef;qdk;wef;vrf;)&Sd taqmuftOD;rSmvnf; a&S;a[mif;tarGtESpfpm&if;0if Yangon
City Heritage List \ Yangon Devision Office Complex (Old Police Commissioners Office-No. 56-66
Bank Street) [k azmfjyxm;onfhtjyif High Court, Former High Court Building, No.89-133, Pansodan
Road [k wduspGm azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ,if;odkYaom taqmuftOD;udk yufpDOD;odef;xGef;odkY jywdkufESifh pm;
aomufqdkifvkyfief;twGuf tzdk;pm;em;jzifh vTJajymif;ay;xm;aMumif;vnf;od&Sd&ygonf/ wefzdk;xm; *kPf,l&
rnfhtaqmuftOD;rsm;udk vTJajymif;ay;cJhonfudk ,ck 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&opfESifhtwl azmfxkwfwm;jrpfoGm;&
rnfrSm uREfkyfwdkYjynfolvlxkESifhwuG Oya'bufawmom;rsm;jzpfaom a&SUaersm;uGef&ufwGif wm0ef&Sdonf
[k rSwf,lygw,f/
EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDOya'trSwf 9^98 ]],Ofaus;rI tarGtESpfa'orsm;
umuG,fxdef;odrf;a&;Oya'}} xdkOya't& tcef;(7) wm;jrpfcsufrsm;yg&SdNyD; yk'fr 18? 19? 20? 21? 22?
23 wdkYudk jy|mef;xm;NyD; tcef;(8)rSm azmuf zsufusL;vGefygu jypfrIjypf'Pfrsm;owfrSwfxm;&m aiG'Pf?
axmif'Pfrsm;vnf; jy|mef;onfhtjyif yk'fr 27 t& w&m;Hk;onf atmufygtrdefYwpfckckvnf; csrSwf&
rnf[k jy|mef;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'gawGuawmh (u) wnfaqmufxm;onfh taqmufttHkudk zsufodrf;apjcif;/
(c) wdk;csJUxm;onfhtaqmufttHk odkYr[kwf 0if;NcHe,fedrdwfudk rlvtwdkif;jyef vnfjyKvkyfapjcif;/
(*) yHo
k Pmefajymif;vJjyifqifxm;onfh taqmufttHk odrYk [kwf ajrudrk v
l yHo
k Pmeftwdik ;f jyefvnfjyK
vkyfapjcif;wdkYjzpfygonf/
,if;uJhodkY a&S;a[mif;tarGtESpf[k w&m;0ifowfrSwfxm;NyD;jzpfonfhtjyif w&m;Hk;tjzpfvnf; toHk;jyK
qJjzpfaom azmfjyygtaqmufttHk(2)ckudk yk*vduodkY vTJajymif;ay;jcif;tm; tjrefqHk;&yfqdkif;ay;&ef twGuf
wm0ef&o
dS rl sm;u apmvsifpmG aqmif&u
G f ay;apvdyk gonf/ tu,f oifah vsmfwt
hJ csdet
f wgif;rS raqmif&u
G f
ay;bl;qdk&if uRefawmfrsm;a&SUaersm;uGef&ufrS pkaygif; tjcm;w&m;Oya'rsm;qdkif&menf;vrf;rsm; jzifhvnf;
BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; today;aMunmtyfygonf/
a&SUaersm;uGef&uf

jynfaxmifpBk ucUH ikd af &;ESizUf NYHG zKd ;a&;ygwD

A[dt
k vkyt
f rIaqmifopfrsm;a&G;cs,w
f ifajrm uf
jynfaxmifpBk uHUcdik af &;ESizhf UHG NzdK;a&;ygwD(A[d)k \
oif;vHk;uRwftpnf;ta0;yGJudk aejynfawmf&Sd A[dk
XmecsKyfusif;ycJhNyD; (16?10?2012)&ufu A[dk
tvkyt
f rIaqmif aumfrwDtopfrsm;tm; jyefvnf
a&G;cs,fwifajrmufcJhMuonf/
if; A[dktvkyftrIaqmifaumfrwDwGif Ou|
tjzpf OD;odef;pdef? Ou|twdkifyifcHtzGJU0ifrsm;tjzpf
OD;wifxGwf? OD;atmifaomif;? OD;pdk;om? 'kwd,
Ou|(1)tjzpf ol&OD;a&Tref;? 'kwd,Ou|(2)tjzpf
ol&OD;at;jrifh? 'kwd,Ou|(3)tjzpf OD;aX;OD;?
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyftjzpf OD;armifarmif
odrf;? wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;rsm;tjzpf
OD;ode;f aZmf? A[dt
k wGi;f a&;rSL;rsm;tjzpf OD;cifatmif
jrifh? OD;odef;aqG? ol&OD;atmifudk? A[dktvkyftrI
aqmifrsm;tjzpf OD;ausmfoef;? OD;ode;f Ge?Yf OD;tke;f jrif?h OD;atmifrif;? OD;ode;f atmif? ol&OD;jrifah rmif? OD;wifEidk o
f ed ;f ? OD;atmifoed ;f vif;?
OD;oef;aX;? OD;bkef;aqG? OD;mPfxGef;atmif? OD;pdk;Ekdif? OD;pdk;odef;? OD;armifOD;? OD;atmifMunf? OD;armif&Sdef? OD;omat;? OD;&Jjrifh?
OD;jrifhaqG? OD;armifarmifaqG? OD;atmifxGef;? OD;vSodef;aqG? OD;mPf0if;? OD;eEausmfpGm? OD;jrNidrf;? OD;aZmfjrifhaz? tBuHay;tzGJU0if
rsm;tjzpf OD;aomif;? a'gufwmcsrf;Nidrf;? OD;armifyg? a'gufwmausmfjrifh? OD;vGef;oD? a'gufwmjrOD;wdkYjzifhzGJUpnf;cJhonf[kod&Sd&onf/
KZY

a&SUwpfywfu
rSeaf tmifajzEdik Mf uolrsm;udk
Congratulations!
rrSecf MhJ uolawG
'Dwpfywf
BudK;pm;vdu
k Mf uygOD;...
(1) odyHynm&SifawG[m urmay:rSm tqdk;0g;qHk;toHudk oufaotaxmuftxm;jzifhazmfxkwfcJhMuygNyD/ tJ'DtoHu
b,ftoHygvJ/
1/ ausmufoifykef;BuD;ay:rSm vufonf;eJYjcpfwJhtoH
2/ zefykvif;ay:rSm "m;jzifhjcpfaomtoH
3/ Polystyrene azmhwHk;av;awGtjcif;jcif;yGwfwdkufoH
4/ uav;wpfa,muf\ pl;&SaomidkoH
(2) tpD&ifcHpmrsm;t& acgif;aqmifwpfa,muf[m oatmeal? iHk;Otpdrf;? aumhawhcsfcsdpfESifh aomufp&mtwGuf
oMum;rkefvmOESifh horseradish wdkYudk reufpmtjzpfpm;um
ol\ aeYwpfaeYudkpwifonf[k qdkonf/
1/ Av,f'DrD,mylwif
2/ tef&,fvm[mu,f
3/ [ldk&SmAufpf
(3) jyifopfEkdifiH&Sd trsKd;orD;wpfOD;[m ,ldkaiG 11721000 000000000 (9.4)aygif yrmPaiGaMu;wefzdk;&SdwJh
abvfwpfckudk vufcH&&SdcJhygw,f/ b,ftwGufudkay;aqmif&rSmygvJ/
1/ 0dkif
2/ w,fvDzkef;ajymcukefusaiG
3/ trItwGufukefusp&dwf
(4) 'DwpfywfrSm b,ft&mu rdepf 100 MumcJhygovJ/
1/ a';Apfuefr&Gef&JU uGefqmaA;wpfygwD&JU
uGefz&efYrSmajymwJh rdefYcGef;
2/ ]]ae;upf &rfbvm}}(Naked Rambler)&JU
paumhwvefaxmifrS t*Fvdyfe,fpyftxd vrf;avQmufcJhwJhMumcsdef
3/ *vufpfwGefbl&D(Glastonbury)yGJawf\ vufrSwfta&mif;Mumcsdef
(5) ,rumuRrf;usifolwpfOd;u tmHkaMumwGif taESmifht,SufjzpfrIonf paumh0DpuDudk taESmifht,Suf ay;aponf
[kqdkonf/ rnfonfht&mrsm;ygvJ/
1/ seaweed t&om
2/ MuufO? bJO tp&Sdojzifh ykyfaeaom O\teHY
3/ tHzwf\ta&mif
(6) csvefzY pf af zmhxf(Chelmsfard)u Bishop u acsmuvufpuf Hw
k pfcu
k kd rlyikd cf iG x
hf ed ;f odr;f jcif;taejzifh a0zefvu
kd yf g
w,f/ bmtaMumif;t&maMumifhygvdrfh/
1/ ]]divine}}qdkwJha0g[m&aMumifh
2/ Mu,fyHkoPmefaMumifh
3/ c&rf;a&mifta&mifaMumifh
(7) Bedford rS pHkwGJwpfonf (
1/ umembD; (cannabis)
2/ yJoD; (beanstalk)
3/ yife,fpvif (penicillin)

)udkrodbJESifhpdkufcJhonf/

tajzrS e f pm(50)ok d Y

ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBu;D rS
awmifajrmufvrf;qHk NrKd Y OD;apwDawmfwiG f
71 Burd af jrmuf pwk'o
D mxrif;auR;rnf
jzLpifoef&Y iS ;f aom tvSL&Si'f g,um 'g,dumrrsm;u oefvsifNrdKU? a'0ormoA
od'd? ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmf b'EynmawZ\ rGefjrwfaomqEESifhapwemudk
yg&rDjznfo
h nft
h aejzifh (2012)ckEpS ?f (10)vydik ;f ? (27)&ufrmS '*HNk rdKUopf? awmifajrmuf
vrf;qHkteD;&Sd NrdKUOD;apwDawmfBuD;\ bk&m;y&0PftwGif;rSm (71)Budfrfajrmuf pm;ol
aq;jzpfap&ef reuf(9)em&DrS nae(3)
em&Dtxd pwk'Domxrif;[if;vsmrsm;
auR;arG;vSL'gef;&ef pDpOfxm;NyD; xkd
tvSLyGJBuD;rSm ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmf
BuD;u (71)Budrfajrmufe,fvSnfh pwk
'Dom auR;arG;vSL'gef;&onfh &nf&G,f
csuftaMumif;rsm;udk &[ef;&Sifvl y&d
owftaygif;twGuf rdefYMum;avQmuf
xm;rSmjzpfNyD; EkdifiHawmfoHCmem,u
tzGJU 'kwd,Ou| t*r[my@dq&m
awmf b'Eok"rmp&u tEkarm'em
w&m;a[m Mum;rnf[kod&Sd&onf/
if ; tcrf ; tem;wG i f vS L 'gef ; rI
tpkpkudk a&pufoGef;cstrQay;a0rSm
jzpfNyD; tcrf;tem;udk Ak'omoeH pd&H
od|wk(3)Budrf&Gwfqdkqkawmif;um yifh
oHCmq&mawmfBuD;rsm;udk aeYqrG ;f qufuyfvLS 'gef;NyD; te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS <ua&muf
vmrnfh{nfhy&dowf aygif;(3)odef;ausmfudk pwk'Domxrif;[if;vsmrsm;ESifh auR;arG;
{nfhcHrnf[kod&Sd&onf/ ESpf(60)jynfh bdk;rif;acgifxGufyGJwGif ykyg;awmifuvyf&Sd
a&Twefaqmif;ay: &[ef;&Sifvl y&dowftaygif;(1)odef;ausmfudk tBudrf(70)ajrmuf
pwk'DwmauR;arG;vSL'gef;yGJtjzpf (29?9?2012)&ufrSm oGm;a&mufauR;arG;cJhaom
q&mawmfBuD;yifjzpfNyD; &efukefNrdKUudk jyefa&muf&SdNyD;aemuf (2?10?2012)&uf? eHeuf
tkPf(5)em&DwdwdtcsdefrSm ewfpifwpf&mausmif;wdkuftwGif;? oefvsifNrdKUe,f
twGif;&Sd? yifhoHCmawmftyg;(1000)udk tbbdk;rif;acgifxGufyGJtrSwfw&tjzpf
qGrf;qufuyfavmif;vSLcJhNyD; eHeufcif;rSm EkdifiHawmfoHCem,uq&mawmfBuD;rsm;
tygt0if q&mawmfBuD;(9)yg;u y&dwfw&m; awmfrsm;&Gwfqdkum tvSL'g,um
'g,dumrrsm; y&dowftaygif;u a&pufoGef;cs trQa0cJhMuonf/
if;tcrf;tem;wGif ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD; b'EynmawZu ]]tdrfwdkif;
wGif onfaeYonf&ufrSpNyD; (7)vtwGif; oydwftwGif;rSmqGrf;xnfhNyD; tdrfbk&m;
ausmif;aqmif&Sd jrwfpGmbk&m;xHrSm aeYpOf qGrf;uyfvSL'gef;yg/ oydwfudkrarSmuf
xm;&? rvSefxm;&? 'gqdk&if wdkif;jynfwdk;wufr,f/ EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,mNyD;
Nidrf;csrf;vdrfhr,f/ twdkuftcwfawGuif;vGwfr,f[k rdefYrSmajymMum;cJhonf/ q&m
awmfBuD;\ tmHkxJwGif onfpum;rsm;udk tbbdk;rif;acgifxGuf&yfaygufonfhaeY
nae (4)em&D(20)rdepfrSm rdefYrSmMum;oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ vSLzG,fypnf;qdkwm 0wKaiG
aMu;rSr[kwf qef? qD? qm;? ikwf? MuufoGeftp&Sdaom vSLzG,fypnf;awG
vSL'gef;w,f/ qufuyfw,fqdk&ifvnf; ab;uif;&efuGm&SdEkdifygaMumif;/ yef;arGU&m
a&GaumfaZmeJY vdkw&aeonfhb0rSm onfae&mudka&mufae&if b,fvdkvlom;wdkif;
rqdk b,faomtcgrS ajymif;a&TUcsifrSmr[kwfaMumif;? ]owd}qdkonfh acgif;pOfatmuf
wGif ]oif b,fuvmwmvJ? oif b,fudkoGm;rSmvJ? oif&JU *kPfpeudk c0gcscJhyg/
vlom;tm;vH;k udk oem;nmwmyg/ at;jrwJah rwmeJY Nidr;f csrf;atmif aqmif&u
G af y;yg/
rm&fewfvdk oifr,kwfrmeJY/ a'0'wfvdk oifrBuHpnfeJY/ tZmwowfvdk oif
vlaygif;rrSm;eJY/ '*D&dvdk oif tcspfrBuD;eJY/ plVokb'gvdk oif &efNidK;rxm;eJY/
t*Fkvdrmvvdk oifr&ufpufeJy/ ZlZumykPm;vdk oiftpm;rBuD;eJY/ rAsKdif;rvdk
oif b0raeeJY/ t&SdeJYtodudk xm0&NrJygap/ tmPmonf MumvmvQif aysmf&Tif
,pfrl;pGmjzifh b0arh wwfonf[k ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;u rdefYrSmajymMum;cJh
onf/ (7?10?2012)&ufu {&m0wDwkdif;a'oBuD;twGif;&Sd vywmNrdKUESihf (3)rkdif(4)
zmvHkausmfa0;wJh rGefbk&ifrBuD; &Sifapmykwnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhaom zl;r0 xl;jcm;vS
aom &SifapmjrwfapwDawmfBuD; &Sd&modkY ta&;ay:omoemudpwpf&yfESifh c&D;xGuf
oGm;NyD; (12?10?2012)&ufrSm &efukefNrdKUodkY jyefvnf<ua&mufcJhonf[k od&Sd&ygonf/
q&mawmfBuD;jyefvnf<ua&mufvmaMumif;Mum;od&ojzifh oGm;a&mufawGUqHkcJh&mwGif
q&mawmfBuD;rS '*HkNrdKUopfu NrdKUOD;apwDawmf0if;xJrSm (71)Budrfajrmuf pwk'Dwmudk
&[ef;&Sifvly&dowf(3)odef;ausmfavmuf auR;arG;vSL'gef;zdkY&SdaMumif; pDpOfaeonf
[kred rYf mS onf/ q&mawmfBuD;ESiv
hf u
kd yf goGm;Muol 'g,um 'g,dumrrsm;u vywm NrdKU
u &Siaf pmjrwfapwDawmf&UJ pdezf ;l awmfrmS a&mifjcnfawmfawG uGejYf rL;awmufyaewm
udk zl;jrifawGUcJh&aMumif;? rGefbk&ifrBuD; &Sifapmyk\ jreef;aqmifa&SUESifh atmifajr
ae&mwdkYrS tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm a&mifjcnfawmfrsm;uGefYjrL;aeyHkudk xl;qef;rIjzifhjrifcJh&
aMumif;? rGeb
f &k ifrBuD; wnfxm;cJah om apwDawmfukd ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;ESihf
twl e,fole,fom;rsm; jrefrmjynft&yf&yfrS tvSL&Sifrsm;u aiGusyfodef;aygif;
(1800)ausmfESifh (2007)ckESpfrSm pwifum jyefvnfjyKjyifrGrf;rHwnfcJh&m mPfawmf
tjrifhay (146)ay&SdNyD; tckcsdefxd xyfrHrGef;rHjyKjyifaeonfh ukefusaiGaygif; odef;
(5000)ausmfNyD[k od&Sd&onf/
(27?10?2012)&ufrSm '*HkNrdKUopf? awmifajrmufvrf;qHkteD; NrdKUOD;apwDawmf
twGi;f rSm (71)Budraf jrmuf pwk'o
D m xrif;[if;vsmrsm; auR;arG;vSL'gef;yG<J ua&mufNyD;
pwk'Domaq;tjzpf pm;oHk;zdkYESifh EkdifiHawmfoHCem,uq&mawmfBuD;rsm;tygt0if
q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\ w&m;a[mMum;rIESifh y&dwfw&m;awmfrsm;udk em,lEkdifMuaMumif;
od&Sd&onf/
KZY

45
45

a&mbwftdyfcsfawvmukd jrefrmhta&;uRrf;usifoltjzpf vlodrsm;

onf/ txl;ojzifh tpkd;&ESifh&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifoltjzpfvnf; xif&Sm;oljzpf
onf/ EkdifiHa&; okawoDtjzpfvnf; vlajymrsm;oljzpfonf/ olY vuf
xGuf yk*dKvftcsKdU jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;uRrf;usifolrsm;jzpfaeonfu xl;jcm;
rIjzpfonf/ Myanmar Book Centre onf xl;jcm;aom pmtkyfrsm;ukdom
pmtkyfxkwfa0avh&Sd&m a&mbwf(tdyfcsf)awvm\ aqmif;yg; aygif;
csKyfukd bmomjyefqkd xkwfa0vmjcif;u pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;vS
onf/ a&mbwftdyfcsfawvmESifhywfouf &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;r&SdrIrsm;ukd
ol\pmtkyfrSm ykHazmfay;Ekdifvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ pma&;olukd,fwkdifurl
ol\ aus;Zl;wifvmT ESihf ed'gef;wkw
Yd iG f olEiS yhf wfouf uAn;f wifxm;cJh
acsonf/
pmtkyfjzpfajrmufvm&eftwGuf yxrOD;qHk; aus;Zl;wif&rnfh
yk*dKvfrsm;rSm uRefawmf\rdwfaqGrsm;jzpfMuaom armifarmifBuD;ESifh
nDpkd;wkdYjzpfygonf/ if;wkdYonf cufcJNyD;? IyfaxG;onfht*Fvdyfpmukd
tcsdefMumjrifhpGmESifh yifyifyrf;yrf;jyefqkdcJhMuygonf/ bmomjyefqkd&m
wGif bmompum;ESpfcktMum; tvG,fwuluGufwd0ifrIr&Sdojzifh wpf
aMumif;? toHk;jyKxm;onfht,ltqrsm;rSm vlrIa&;odyHbmom &yfqkdif
&m enf;ynma0g[m&rsm;jzpfojzifh wpfaMumif;wkdYaMumifh bmomjyef&
onfhtvkyfrSm tvGefcufcJhonfhtvkyfwpfckjzpfygonf/ tcsdKUaom
pmzwforl sm;taejzif?h tcsdKUaomaqmif;yg;rsm;ukd yxr tBudrzf wf&I m
wGif em;vnf&efcufcJhonf[kawGU&Sdaumif;awGU&SdEkdifygonf/ 'kwd,
tBudrfESifh wwd,tBudrfzwfI&ef vkdaumif;vkdygvdrfhrnf/ em;vnf&ef
cufcrJ rI mS ? bmomjyefq&dk jcif;aMumifjh zpfay:&jcif;r[kwyf g/ wu,fwrf;
tm;jzifh uRefawmf\cufcJonfh t*Fvdyfpm ta&;tom;aMumifh jzpfyg
onf/ qef;ppfa0zefoHk;oyfcsufrsm;ESifh tBuHjyKcsufrsm;twGuf 0if;o
ZifxGef;ukdvnf; aus;Zl;wif&Sdygonf/
bmomjyefqkdxm;onfhaqmif;yg;rsm;ukd xkwfa0ay;jcif;twGuf?
a'gufwmoefaY omfaumif;udv
k nf; aus;Zl;wif&ydS gonf/ rdwaf qG trsm;
tjym;u if;wkYd xkwaf 0ay;rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymqkcd MhJ uygonf/ odaYk omf
vnf;? a'gufwmoefYaomfaumif;onfomvQif uwday;cJhonfhtwkdif;
qHk;cef;wkdifNyD;qHk;atmif aqmif&Gufay;cJhygonf/ a'gufwm oefYaomf
aumif;? OD;aomfaumif;ESifh if;wkdY\rdwfaqGrsm;taejzifh? Myanmar
Book Aid and Preservation Foundation twGuf tvkyf vkyfudkifaejcif;
onf? if;wkdY\rdom;pkESifh if;wkdY\rdwfaqGrsm;\ jrefrmEdkifiH wpf0ef;
ae&mtESHYtjym;wGif ynma&;ESifh tMum;tjrifA[kokwqkdif&m owif;
tcsuftvufrsm;jyefYyGm;vmap&eftwGuf? rarmEdkifryrf;Edkif BudK;yrf;rI
rsm;\ om"ujzpfygonf/
teD;qHk;bmomjyefolrsm;ESifhxkwfa0oltjyif? tjcm;yk*dKvftrsm;
tjym;uvnf; okawoejyKrIESifhpmwrf;rsm; a&;om;rIwkdYwGif uRefawmhf
tm; tultnDrsm;ay;cJMh uygonf/ if;wkt
Yd euf? tcsdKUrSm trnfrazmfjy
jcif;ukd ykdrkdESpfoufaumif;ESpfoufMuygvdrfhrnf/ ESpfaygif;(30)twGif;
xkwfa0cJhonfh aqmif;yg;rsm;twGuf? aus;Zl;wif&rnfhyk*dKvf trsm;
tjym;&SdcJhygonf/ uRefawmfhtaejzifh&maygif;rsm;pGmaom jrefrmEdkifiHom;
rsm;ESifh tjcm;aomyk*dKvfrsm;tm; awGUqHkcJh&jcif;ESifh if;wkdYxHrS tul
tnDrsm;&&Scd jhJ cif;wkrYd mS rsm;pGmuHaumif;cJjh cif;jzpfygonf/ ,cif wuov
dk f
rsm;A[kdpmMunfhwkdufrSL;ESifh tHhrcef;xl;cRefonf ynm&Sif OD;aomfaumif;
taejzifh? uRefawmfESifhtjcm;aomynm&Sifrsm;\ okawoe vkyfief;
rsm;ukd? rdrdwkdYynm&Sifrsm;omvQif em;vnf;od&SdcHpm; wefzkd;xm;wwf
onfhenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh tultnDay;cJhygonf/ vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif;(35)
ESpfu? if;\ZeD;jzpfol a':pkpku? uRefawmfhtm; pm;aumif;aomufzG,f
trsm;tjym; wnfcif;{nfhcHauR;arG;cJhygonf/ xkdtcsdefu uRefawmfh
twGuf ,if;tpm;taomufrsm;rSm tvkdtyfqHk;jzpfaecJhNyD; ,ckcsdefxd
vnf;uRefawmftm;owd&wrf;wrIrsm; jzpfay:apvsuf&ydS gonf/ &efuek f
0dZmESifhodyHwuodkvfrS tNidrf;pm;orkdif;ygarmu OD;xGef;atmifcsdefrSm?
t&nftcsif;txl;jynfh0onfh vrf;TefrIay;EkdifolESifh qef;ppfa0zefrI
jyKay;EdkifolwpfOD;vnf;jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfhtm;? trSm;rsm;rS uif;a0;
atmifTefjyay;cJhNyD;? tcufawGUrI? tusyfkdufrIrsm; BuHKawGU&rIwkdYrS
u,fwifay;cJhygonf/ if;onf OD;aomfaumif; uJhodkYyif? if;xuf
ydkrkdi,f&G,foltrsm;tjym; yHkrSefoifMum;ykdYcsrIESifh okawoe jyKvkyfrIwkdY
&yfqkdif;oGm;cJhNyD;aemufydkif; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmMumonftxd? ynm&yf e,f
y,ftrsdK;rsdK;wdkYwGif? if;\aqmif&GufaerIrsm;ukd? rnfonfhtcgrQ aES;
auG;oGm;rIr&SdapbJ qufvufvkyfaqmifvsuf&SdaecJhygonf/
uRefawmfhtm; BuD;rm;aom axmufulrIrsm;ay;cJhonfh tjcm;aom
yk*dKvftrsm;tjym;taejzifh uRefawmfwkdYESifhtwl r&SdMuawmhonfrSm
0rf;enf;zG,f&myifjzpfygonf/ &efukef0dZmESifhodyHwuokdvfrS uG,fvGef
oGm;NyDjzpfonfh ygVdygarmuOD;av;jrifhonf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif uRefawmf\
yxrqHk;tBudrf wkd;csJUokawoejyKvkyfrIudpudkjzpfajrmufatmif yHhykd;
aqmif&Gufay;cJhygonf/ if;onf xkdpOfu jrefrmEdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;
OD;vSzkef;xHodkY tcsdefrDqufoG,fNyD; yefMum;aqmif&Gufay;cJhjcif;jzpf
ygonf/ 0efBuD;OD;vSzkef;tm; if;\ulnDay;rItwGufaus;Zl;wifaMumif;
ajymMum;&eftwGuf uRefawmfhtaejzifh if;ESifhwpfcgrQawGUqHkEdkifonfh
tcGifhta&;r&&SdcJhyg/ uJhokdYyifawGUqHk aus;Zl;wifpum; ajymMum;
cGifhr&cJhonfh tjcm;yk*dKvftrsm;tjym;vnf;&SdcJhygonf/ OD;av;jrifhu
uRefawmft
h m; jrefrmbmompum;rnfoo
Ykd if,&l onfudk omru jrefrmh
tpm;pmukd wyfrawmf&rfaomuf&if; BudKufESpfouf t&omcHpm;wwf
ap&eftwGufvnf; oifMum;ay;cJhygonf/ uG,fvGefoGm;NyDjzpfaom
a'gufwmarmifarmifrSmvnf; uRefawmf\rdwfaqGESifh uRefawmfhtm;
vrf;Tefjyoay;cJholwpfOD;jzpfygonf/ odkYaomfvnf;if;taejzifh tpkd;&

46
46

wm0efxrf;aqmifrINyD;qHk;NyD;aemuf tcsdefrwkdifrD uG,fvGefoGm;cJh&m

uRefawmfhtwGuf vsifjrefvGef;vSygonf/ MopaMw;vsEdkifiHwGif yxr
qHk;od&SdcJh&onfh NAdwdefEkdifiHqkdif&m ,cif jrefrmoHtrwfBuD;wpfOD;jzpfol
OD;wifxGef;rSmvnf; tm;xm;&aom rdwfaqGwpfOD;jzpfygonf/ OD;tHk;?
ppfukdif;[efwif? AkdvfBuD;OD;at;(tNidrf;pm;)? AkdvfrSL;csKyfarmifarmif
(tNidr;f pm;)ESihf tjcm;yk*Kd vftrsm;tjym;wkt
Yd ay: uRefawmf\aus;Zl;wif
aMumif;ajymMum;rIrsm;u? if;wkdYtm; qufvufpdwftaESmifht,Suf
jzpfapvdrfhr[kwfawmhyg/ if;wkdYtaejzifh? rMumcPqkdovkdyif? ,ck
aqmif;yg;rsm;wGif azmfjyxm;onft
h ,ltqrsm;ESiyhf wfouf &nf&,
G
f
r[kwb
f ?J trIr?hJ trSwrf ?hJ tBuHjyKcJMh uygonf/ if;wko
dY nf? uRefawmf\
ueOD;ESifh rMumcPqkdovkd kd;pif;aom aumufcsuftrsm;tjym;ukd?
oabmwlnDrIr&SdcJhMuyg/ if;wkdY\ tacstwifaqG;aEG;jiif;ckefrIrsm;
aMumifh jrefrmEdkifiHESifhywfoufonfhavhvmrIukd vGefcJhonfhESpfaygif;
(50)u uRefawmfpwifcJhpOfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHtay: em;vnfEdkifrIywf
ouf uRefawmfarQmfvifhxm;cJhonfxuf ykdrkdaomBuD;rm;aomem;vnf
rIukd &&SdcJhygonf/
&efukefNrdKU&Sd wuodkvfrsm;A[kdpmMunfhwkduf0efxrf;rsm;tjyif?
aumfe,fvfwuokdvf? qpf'eDwuokdvf? vef'efwuodkvf? tdEd,
Hk;awmf armfuGef;wkdufrsm; (India Office Archives)ESifh vef'ef? ta&SU
wkid ;f ESihf tmz&duqkid &f mbmom&yfrsm;oifausmif;wkrYd S pmMunhw
f u
dk rf sm;
\ 0efxrf;rsm;onfvnf;? pmwrf;trsm;tjym; tajccHonfh ukef
Murf;rsm; jznfhqnf;ay;&mwGif ta&;ygaomolrsm;jzpfygonf/ if;wkdYukd
&efukefNrdKU&Sd yef;qkd;wef;vrf;ESifhtjcm;ae&mrsm;rS pmtkyfopfESifh pmtkyf
a[mif;rsm;a&mif;csolwkYdu? av;pm;csD;usL;&avmufatmifyif yHhykd;
axmufuljyKcJhMuygonf/
uRefawmhftaejzifh? uRefawmf\ yxrOD;qHk;aom jrefrmhorkdif;
q&mrsm;ukv
d nf;? OD;Gwt
f kt
d aojyKvkyd gonf/ txl;ojzifh uG,v
f eG f
oGm;cJhNyDjzpfaom acwfopfjrefrmEkdifiHorkdif; (A History of Morden
Burma) (Comell University Press,1958)ESifh ta&SUawmiftm&SESifh ywf
oufonfhtjcm;trsm;tjym;aom ynm&yfqkdif&musrf;rsm;ukd a&;om;
jyKpkcJhol ygarmu*Ref;?tufzf?au'D Protessor John F.Cady udk? OD;nGwf
tkdtaojyKvkdygonf/ ygarmuau'DrSm? uRefawmfbGJU r&ao;rDu
ta&SUawmiftm&S? Oa&my? wkwf? *syefESifht*Fvdyf? orkdif;bmom
&yfrsm;ukd oifMum;ay;cJhonhfq&mjzpfygonf/ if;rSm xdyfwef;q&m
wpfOD;jzpfNyD;? csD;usL;zG,faumif;aomvrf;TefrIukd ay;EkdifolwpfOD;vnf;
jzpfygonf/ vGecf o
hJ nfEh pS af ygif;rsm;pGmu? ygarmuau'DEiS hf avhvmrIrsm;
jyKcJhonhf tkd[kdif;tkd;wuodkvfwGif? uRefawmfftaejzifh ygarmu0D;vmh'f?
t,fvfpfb&D; (Protessor Willard Esbree) ESifh ygarmudGKif;? yD? zJ,m;
zD;vfpfb&D;rSm? ]]ta&SUawmiftm&Sa'o trsdK;om;a&;0g'xGef;um;
vmrIwGif? *syefwkdYu ,if;a'otm; odrf;ykdifpkd;rkd;rI\ta&;ygrI}}ESifh
ywfoufonfh yxrqH;k aompmtkyu
f dk a&;om;cJo
h jl zpfygonf/ ygarmu
zJ,m;zD;vf'rf mS ? trsm;vufcx
H m;onh,
f MkH unf,q
l rIrsm;? "avhx;kH wrf;
rsm;ukd a0zefajymqkdrIjyKwwfonhf vGwfvyfaomawG;ac:&SifwpfOD;jzpf
ygonf/ if;u uRefawmfhtm; kd;&mtpOftvmt& vufcHxm;onfh
uefo
Y wfrI t&Htwm;abmiftwGi;f rSazmufxu
G Nf yD; rdru
d ,
kd w
f idk pf Of;pm;
awG;ac:rIjyK&ef wGe;f tm;ay;cJyh gonf/ tk[
d idk ;f tk;d wuov
dk rf x
S u
G cf mG cJNh yD;
q,fpkESpfwpfcktMumwGif uRefawmf aemufqHk; a'gufwmbJGU&,lcJhNyD;
ynm&SiftoufarG;rIb0ukdpwifcJhonfh aumfeJvfwuodkvf ygarmu
'D?*sD?tD;?a[mvfESifh ygarmu*Refbuf'f*av (Protessor John Badgiey)
wdkY\ oifMum;rIudkcH,lcJh&jcif;rSmvnf; uRefawmfuHaumif;cJhygonf/
ygarmua[mvfrSm? ygarmuau'DuJhodkYyif &efukefwuodkvfwGif pm
oifjycJhNyD;aemuf? ta&SUawmiftm&S orkdif;Xmeukd wnfaxmifcJhol
jzpfygonf/ ygarmubuf'f*avrSm? aemifwGif aumfeJvfwuokdvf
ta&SUawmiftm&S pmMunhw
f u
dk rf LS ;jzpfvmcJyh gonf/ uRefawmf\ usrf;ukd
BuD;MuyfolygarmubifeJ'pftif'gqif (Professor Benedict Anderson)
rSm? uRefawmfBudK;pm;twkc;kd Ho
k mtwkc;dk Ekid o
f nf?h pHerlem jyyk*Kd vfwpfO;D
jzpfcJhygonf/ okdYaomfvnf; rnfonhftcgrQ if;tm; wkrDEkdifjcif;r&Sdyg/
uRefawmf\yxrOD;qHk;aom jrefrmpma&;q&mjzpfol q&mr rm*&uf
atmifoGifrSm uRefawmfwkdYESifh twlr&Sdawmhyg/ q&mrBuD;rSm uRefawmf
trSwfw&&Sdaernfholrsm;txJwGifrl txl;ae&m &Sdaernfjzpfygonf/
aemufqHk;taejzifh vGefcJhonfhq,fpkESpfig;cktwGif;u uRefawmfh
taejzifh pmoifjyay;&ef tcGifhxl;&SdcJhonfh uRefawmf\ ausmif;om;
rsm;ukd aus;Zl;wif&Sdygonf/ 1960 jynfhESpfrsm;tv,frS ,ck&mpkESpf
umvtwGif; 0g&Sifwef'DpD&Sdtxufwef;ausmif;wpfausmif;rS ausmif;
om;rsm;rSonf &efukef&Sd ausmif;om;rsm;txdjzpfygonf/ ]]ausmif;om;
rsm;u oifhtm;pOf;pm;apygonf/ olwdkYu toifhtm; tawG;rsm;ukd
&Sif;vif;atmifjyKvkyfapygonf/ olwdkYu pmoifMum; avhvmrIvkyfief;
vkyaf qmifjcif;rSm tb,faMumift
h a&;BuD;onfqo
dk nfudk owday;aeyg
onf}} ,if;wkdYteuf txl;ojzifh ESpfOD;udkazmfjyvkdygonf/
rdrd\ausmif;om;wpfOD;xuf? vkyfazmfukdifzufwpfOD;[k ykdqkd&rnf
jzpfaom a'gufwmwifarmifarmifoef;rSm ,cktcg pifumyl&Sd Insitute
of South East Asian Studies wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifaeygonf/ if;\
yg&*lbGJUtwGuf jyKpkwifjyaom usrf;NyD;pD;a&;ESifhywfoufonfh tEk
pdwfrsm; tauGUtaumufrsm;twGif;? if;tm; OD;aqmifvrf;TefrIukd
0rf;ajrmufpGmjyKvkyfay;cJh&ygonf/ a'gufwmausmf&ifvIdifrSm rnfonfh
tcgurQ uRefawmf\ausmif;om;rjzpfcJhyg/ tNrJyif rdwfaqGwpfOD;jzpfyg
onf/ rnfonft
h aMumif;aMumifrh od? if;u uRefawmft
h m; ol\OD;av;
tjzpfarG;pm;cJyh gonf/ olx
Y rH v
S nf;aumif; ol\ jrefrmEdik if EH iS yhf wfouf

onfh ta&;ygaom a&;om;csuf

rsm;rSvnf;aumif; uRefawmfhtae
jzifh todynmrsm;pGm &&SdcJhygonf/
uRefawmfrazmfjyrdco
hJ rl sm;(okrYd [kw)f
r&nf&G,fbJ trIrJhtrSwfrJh rawmf
wq?azmfjy&efusef&SdcJholrsm;twGuf
uRefawmfhtaejzifh onf;cHcGifhvTwf
yg&ef tEl;tGwf awmif;yef tyfyg
]]armifarmifBuD;ESin
hf pD ;dk wkrYd S
onf/
a&mbwf ? td y f c sf ? awvm bmomjyefqo
dk nf}}
vef'ef Myanmar Book CentrerS
4 Zl v k d i f 2011/
xkwaf 0onf/
ed ' gef ;
pmtkyfwGif bmomjyefqkd
xm;onfh aqmif;yg;pmwrf; ukd;
apmifrSm acwfopfjrefrmhEdkifiHa&;
ordkif;\ toGiftjyifrsm;ESifh ywf
ouf uRefawmf a&;om;NyD;cJhonfh
aqmif;yg; (75)apmifausmfteufrS
a&G;cs,fwifjyxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/
,if;aqmif;yg;wGif taMumif;t&m
rsm;a&m? ukd,fawGU tcsuftvuf
rsm;wGiyf g uGjJ ym;rI&ydS gonf/ odaYk omf
vnf; tm;vHk;aom aqmif;yg;pm
wrf;rsm;rSm jrefrmhordkif;ESifh ywf
ouf? ]]xkdtcsdefu t*Fvdyf bm
ompmaywGifwnf&SdaecJhonfh? uRef
awmfhtm; pdwfIyfaxG;rIukd jzpfap
cJhaomjyemrsm;}}ukd ajz&Sif;&ef
BudK;yrf;onfhtaejzifh a&;om;cJhjcif;
jzpfygonf/ orkdif;ESifhEdkifiHa&;&m cGJ
jcrf;pdwfjzmrIESifh ywfoufonfh a&;
om;cJhrIrsm; tygt0if pmaytm;vHk;
rSm twkdif;twm wpfcktxd ukd,f
a&;twKywdtoGif oabmaqmif
ygonf/pma&;olrsm;u ,if;aqmif;
yg;pmwrf;rsm;ukd a&;om;onfhtcsdef
? if;wdw
Yk iG &f adS eonfh tawGUtBuHK
rsm;ESit
hf jrifrsm;u if;wd\
Yk aqmif;
yg;rsm; a&;om;rItay: vTrf;rkd;rI &SdcJh
ygonf/ ,ckwifjyxm;onfh uRefawmf\ aqmif;yg;pmwrf;rsm;rSm?
ESpfaygif;av;q,fumveD;yg;twGif; a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfojzifh xkdumv
tawmtwGif; uRefawmf\ t,ltq? tawG;tjrifrsm;rSm? txkduf
tavsmufajymif;vJoGm;cJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ tawG;tjrifrsm;rSm &ifhusuf
rvmcJhbl;[kqkdvQifyif tenf;qHk;tm;jzifh ykdrkdcsifhcsdefEdkifvmNyDjzpfygonf/
yxraqmif;yg;pmwrf;ESpfckjzpfonfh ]]NAdwdoQjrefrmEdkifiH&Sd ygwD
vlwef;pm;ESifhtmPm}} (Party,Class and Power in British Myanmar)
ESihf ]]udv
k edk aD cwfaESmif;ydik ;f jrefrmEdik if t
H a&;ESiOfh ;D apm\Ekid if aH &; vIy&f mS ;
rIb0}} (Polltics in Late Colonial Myanmar;The Case of U Saw) wkdYrSm
1971-72ckESpfu? [India Office Archives and Library] wGif uRefawmf\
yg*lbGJUusrf;jzpfaom ]]jrefrmhvlrIvlwef;pm;rsm;ESifh NAdwdoQ-tdEd, rl0g'
wkdYtMum;qufEG,frIu? jrefrmhtxufvTmEdkifiHa&; oD;oefYvlwef;pm;\
tjyKtrI a y:ouf a &muf r I (1937-42)}} (The Relationship between
Burmess Social Classes and British Indaia Pollcy on the Behaviour of
the Burmese Political Elite,1937-42) pmwrf;onf? om,m0wD armif

armif? OD;bat;? OD;yk? a'gufwmbarmf? OD;apmESifh tjcm;aom NAdwdoQ

wdkYESihf yl;aygif;aqmif&GufcJhMuonfh trsdK;om;a&;0g'D EdkifiHorm;rsm;\
]]EkdifiHa&;jyKrlaqmif&GufyHkrsm;}}ukd &Sif;vif;jy&ef BudK;yrf;rIwpf&yf jzpfyg
onf/ jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ukda&;om;cJhMuaom NAdwdoQpma&;q&mrsm;ESifh
if;wdkYukd oHa,mifvkdufaom tar&duefpma&;q&mrsm;uyg? if;trsdK;
om;a&;0g'D EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;\jyKrIyHkrsm;ukd ]]tajymif;tvJjrefNyD; pdwf
rcs&aomqifjcifww
kH &m;ESiu
hf u
dk n
f rD rI &Sad om tjyKtrlrsm;}} jzpfonf[k
azmfjycJhavh&Sdygonf/
jrefrmtrsKd;om;a&;0g'Drsm;\tjyKtrlrsm;rSm tjcm;aom EkdifiHa&;
orm;rsm;\ jyKrlykHrsm;xuf ykdrkd tajymif;tvJjrefNyD; ykdrkdqifjcifwkH
w&m;ESifhukdufnDrIr&Sdjzpfaeonf[k uRefawmfhtaejzifh r,kHMunfyg/
4if;wkdY\ tjyKtrlrsm;ukd 4if;wkdYukd,fwkdif awGUjrifBuHKawGUaecJh&onfh
EkdifiHa&;pepftm;tajccH&Sif;vif;jyEkdifrnfjzpfygonf/ uRefawmfhtae
jzifh tcsufESifhywfouf yxrqkH;pmwrf;wGif twwfEkdifqkH; wkdwkd
ESifh vkd&if; &Sif;vif;wifjyEkdif&ef BudK;yrf;cJhygonf/
uRefawmfhtaejzifh OD;apmtm; pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;aom vlwpf
a,muftjzpfawGUjrifcJhaomaMumifh olYtaMumif; pma&;jzpfcJhjcif;jzpf
ygonf/ olonf ajymifajrmufaom EkdifiHa&;orm;wpfOD;jzpfygonf/
olYtaejzifh AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;tm; vkyfBuHrIwGif rnfonfhtwGuf
aMumifh yg0ifywfoufonfqkdonfukd uRefawmfwkdYtaejzifh rSef;q
Munfh o
Hk m MunfEh idk yf gonf/ xkBd uD;rm;aom trSm;BuD;aMumifh jrefrmhEidk if H
a&;wGif ol\pGrf;aqifrIrsm;udk trsm;tm;jzifh vspfvsLIxm;Muygonf/
uRefawmfhtaejzifh EkdifiHa&;orkdif;ukd pOf;pm;qifjcifMunfhonfhtcg

]tu,f bm^b,fvdk jzpfvmrnf

vJ} qkdonfhar;cGef;ukd ar;csifvmcJh
ygonf/ tu,f tm&SwiG f jzpfymG ;
aom 'kwd,urmppfBuD; jrefrmEkdif
iHokdY ra&muf&SdcJhvQifaomf vnf;
aumif; (okdYr[kwf) OD;apmtaejzifh
1942 ckESpfwGif &efukefokdYjyefvnf
a&muf&v
dS m&rnft
h pm;? ppfBuD; um
vtwGi;f 4if;tm; ,l*EmwGif xde;f
odrf;xm;rIukdjzpfay:apcJhaom *syef
wkdY\ ]vpfpbGef;ESifh wkdusKdtMum;&Sd
oHwrefpum;0Sufrsm;}ukd;? tu,f
tar&duefa&wyfu razmfxkwf
EkdifcJhvQifaomfvnf;aumif;? orkdif;
aMumif;rSm rnfokdY jzpfvmygrnfvJ/
uRefawmfwkdYtaejzifh cefYrSef;wGuf
qkHom? cefYrSef;wGufqEkdifygonf/
okdYaomfvnf; jrefrmhorkdif;wGif 4if;
\ ae&mrSm ,ckvuf&dS taetxm;
ESifh rsm;pGm uGJvGJaernfjzpfygonf/
4if;rSm NAdwdoQ ukdvkdeDtpkd;& tBuD;
tuJ r sm;twG i f ; rS tar&d u ef
orwwpfOD;ESifh aphpyfndEIdif; aqG;
aEG;&eftwGuf 0g&Sifwef'DpDokdY oGm;
a&muf c J h o nf h wpf O D ; wnf ; aom
tpkd;&tzGJU tBuD;tuJjzpfygonf/
tcsufu &Sm;yg;onfh EkdifiHa&;
vmbf j rif r I twk d i f ; twmuk d
jyoae ygonf/
'kwd,aqmif;yg;pmwrf; ESpf
apmifrSm ]zufqpfqefYusifa&; ppf
twGif;ujrefrmEkdifiH} (Burma in the
Anti-Fascist War) ESifh ]jrefrmhuGefjrL
epfvyI &f mS ;rI? ,if;\tdE,
d ESihf quf
EG,frIESifh ,if;\zGJUpnf;rIESifh *kdPf;
*P0g'} (The Burmese Communist
Movement and Its Indian
Connection:
Formation
and
Factionalism) wkdYjzpfygonf/ ,if;

pmwrf;ESpfapmifukd ppfat;wkdufyGJ
umv tv,fwGif a&;om;cJhNyD;
Ekid if aH &;wGif uGejf rLepf0g'\ tcef;u@ESiyhf wfouf xkad cwfu&Sad ecJh
onfh pkd;&drf ylyefrIrsm;ukd a&mifjyef[yfrI&SdcJhygonf/ ,if;pmwrf;rsm;rSm
uG,fvGef cJhNyDjzpfaom ]OD;av;jrifh}ESifhtwl ]odef;azjrifh\ ukd,fawGU
rSww
f rf;}jzpfonfh ]ppftwGi;f c&D;onf}ukd bmomjyefaerIrv
S nf; ayguf
zGm;vmcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/ ukdvkdeDurmwGif uGefjrLepf0g'zGJUpnf;jzpf ay:
vmrIESifh BuD;xGm;rIwkdYwGif tdEd,uGefjrLepfvIyf&Sm;rIESifh ,if;ESifh quf
EG,faeonfh jrefrmuGefjrLepfvIyf&Sm;rI\ rlvblwESifh ,if;vIyf&Sm;rI
ESpf&yfpvkH;taejzifh xkdacwfumvu vuf0JNAdwdoQEkdifiHa&;ESifha&maxG;
aerIwkdYrSm wrlxl;jcm;rIjzpfygonf/ tar&duefEkdifiHppf at;wdkufyGJokdY
aZmif;ay;aom jyXmef;pmtkyfrsm;wGif uRefawmfoifMum;cJh&onfESifh
rwlbJ jrefrm uGefjrLepf0g'rSm a&S;OD;ykdif;umvrsm; k&Sm;xuf tdEd,
wGifykdrkd t&if;cHcJhygonf/ aemufykdif;wGifrSom jrefrmuGefjrLepf vIyf&Sm;
rIonf wkwfuGefjrLepfygwD\ MoZmvTrf;rkd;rIatmufokdYusa&mufcJhjcif;
jzpfygonf/ okdYaomfvnf; ,if;udprSm uRefawmfh\ pmwrf;rsm;wGif
t"duxm; aqG;aEG;aomtaMumif;t&mwpfckr[kwfyg/ 1940 jynfh
ESpfrsm;u jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;wGif jrefrmuGefjrLepfrsm;\ tcef;u@ESifhywf
oufvQif zufqpfqefYusifawmfvSefa&;twGif;wGifa&m aemufykdif; NAdwd
oQwkdYxHrS vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;vIyf&Sm;rIwGifygawGU&Sd&onf/ 4if;wkdY\
vuPmrSm vGwfvyfa&; &&SdNyD;aemufykdif;umv&Sd 4if;wkdY\ jyKrlykHESifh
uGJjym;jcm;em;rI&Sdaeygonf/ 1947 ckESpfu OD;apmjyKvkyfcJhonfh trSm;
rsm;ESifh 1948 ckESpfwGif ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDujyKvkyfcJhaom trSm;
rsm;u jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf aMuuGJzG,ftarGukd zefwD;cJhygonf/ ,if;
tarGqkd;ukd ,cktxdwkdif tjynfht0ajz&Sif;Ekdifjcif; r&Sdao;yg/
aemufxyfaqmif;yg;pmwrf;okH;aqmifrSm vuPmtm;jzifh yxr
av;apmifESifh tvGefyif uGJjym;jcm;em;aeNyD; ,if;aqmif;yg;pmwrf;okH;
apmifwiG v
f nf; wpfapmifEiS w
hf pfapmif uGjJ ym;onfvuPm&Sad eygonf/
]zGHUNzdK;rIr&Sdao;aom acwfopfjrefrmEkdifiH\ EkdifiHa&;avhvmrI} (An
Undeveloped State : The Study of Myanmar's Politics) aqmif;yg;pmwrf;
rSm uRefawmfh\ ,cifyg&*lbGJUtwGufBuD;Muyfay;cJhol ]bifeJ'pf? tif'g
qif} (Benedict Anderson) \ (Studies of the Thai State: The State of
Thai Studies) aqmif;yg;pmwrf;\aphaqmf? vIa
YH qmfraI Mumifh a&;om;cJjh cif;
jzpfygonf/ 1980 jynfEh pS rf sm;twGi;f u jrefrmhEidk if aH &; avhvmrIrsm;wGif
wnf&SdcJhonfhtaMumif;tcsufrsm;? jyemrsm;ESifhywfouf uRefawmfh
\ pdwfwGif&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;&Sdvmap&ef BudK;yrf;rIvnf;jzpfygonf/
1987 ckESpfwGif The State in Burma ukd ra&;om;rDujzpfygonf/
aemufykdif;wGif The State in Myanmar (2009) ukd qufvufa&;om;cJhyg
onf/ 1978ckESpfwGifvnf;aumif;? 1982 ckESpfwGifvnf;aumif; jrefrm
EkdifiH ajcmufvumvpDMumrQ aexkdifavhvmcJhNyD;aemuf uRefawmf

avhvmoifMum;cJhonfh ,if;tcsdefu tajctaersm;ESifhywfoufonfh

todtjrifrsm;udk tokH;jyK&ef BudK;yrf;cJhygonf/ twdwfu jrefrmEkdifiH
jzpfysufcJhrIrsm;ESifhywfouf rnfokdYjzpfysufcJhonfESifhywfoufNyD; a&;
om;t"dym,fzGifhqkdcJhcsufrsm;ukd EkdifiHjcm;om; pma&;q&mrsm;taejzifh
vufcHEdkifatmif BudK;yrf;aepOfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHESifhywfoufonfh uRef
awmf\tawGUtBuHKrsm;rSm uRefawmf\tvsifuv
dk edk u
D mvESihf ukv
d edk v
D eG f
umvrS yk*dKvfBuD;rsm;\ tawGUtBuHKrsm;ESifh tvGefyif uGmjcm;aecJhNyD
jzpfygonf/
aemufxyfaqmif;yg;pmwrf;ESpfapmifrSm tjcm;yk*dKvfrsm;\ arwm
&yfcHcsufjzifh a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfygonf/ ]a*s?tufpf? zmeDA,fESifh a'0gvD
jref r m} (Disaster or Release? J.S Furnivall and the Bankruptcy of
Myanmar) aqmif;yg;pmwrf;rSm t&if;cHtm;jzifh udrf;b&pfcsfwuodkvf
wGif a[majymcJhonfh ykdYcscsufwpfckjzpfygonf/ uRefawmfhtm; wpfESpf
ESpfBudrfusif;yonfh uifpavrmwif (Kingsley Martin) txdrf;trSwf
a[majymyGJwGif a[majymykdYcsay;Ekdifrnfvm;[k ar;jref;vmcJhygonf/
uifpavrmwifrSm vuf0J,drf;tywfpOfxkwf NAdwdoQEdkifiHa&; r*Zif;
jzpfonfh The New Statesman wGif t,f'Dwmtjzpf umv&SnfMum
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJholjzpfygonf/ 4if;onf 4if;\ umv&Snfvkyfazmf
ukdifzufjzpfol a':kdoD0k'frif (Dorothy Woodman) ESifhtwl 1950
jynfhESpfrsm;ESifh 1960 jynfhESpfrsm;apmapmykdif;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHokdY rMum
cPoGm;a&mufvnfywfco
hJ jl zpfygonf/ uRefawmf\ a[majymrItwGuf
rnfonfhacgif;pOfukd a&G;cs,f&rnfESifhywfoufpOf;pm;cJh&mwGif jrefrm
EkdifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;ESifhEkdifiHa&; jyemrsm;ESifhywfoufNyD; ,cifNAdwdoQ
ukdvkdeDt&m&SdESifh azbD,efqkd&S,fvpfwpfOD;jzpfol rpwm*Reftufpf
zmeDA,fvf (Mr.John Sydenham Furnivall) \ cGJjcm;pdwfjzmavhvmwifjy
csufukd a0zefokH;oyf&efESifh ,if;okdYa0zefokH;oyf&m 1988 ckESpfwGif
tqkH;owfoGm;cJhonfh jrefrmEkdifiH\qkd&S,fvpf0g' tawGUtBuHKukd xnfh
oGif;aqG;aEG;wifjy&ef pOf;pm;rdcJhygonf/ vGwfvyfa&; r&rDumvu
jrefrmEkdifiHESifhywfoufonfh avhvmrIrsm;wGif zmeDA,fvfrSm ta&;yg
onfh yk*dKvfwpfOD;jzpfNyD; 4if;\cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmavhvmrI tarGukd acwfopf
jrefrmEkdifiHESifhywfoufonfh uRefawmfESifhtjcm;ol trsm;tjym;wkdY\
a&;om;rIwkdif;avmufwGifyif awGU&Sdae&ygonf/
]jrefrmEdkifiH\ ra&&maom xkd;azmufausmfvTm;rI} (Myanmar's
Ambiguous Breakthrough) ukd 1990 jynfhESpfwGif a&;om;cJhygonf/
xkdpOfu tawmftweftm;jzifh topftjzpfxGufay:vmcJhonfh The
Journal of Democracy \ t,f'Dwmrsm;rS arwm&yfcHojzifh a&;om;
cJjh cif;jzpfygonf/ ,if;*sme,ftm; tar&dueftpk;d &u aiGaMu;axmufyhH
onf h National Endowment for Democracy u uxrujyKxm;NyD ;
oabmw&m;a&;jyif;xeforl sm;\ odr;f ,lru
I dk cH&jcif;r&Sad o;yg/ okaYd omf
vnf; ,cktcg tar&duefaexkdifrIb0ukd urmwpf0Srf;wGifjzefYcsd&ef
BudK;pm;vko
d rl sm;u odr;f ,lxm;cJNh yDjzpfygonf/ 1980 jynfEh pS rf sm; aESmif;
ykid ;f url ,if;*sme,ftaejzifh 'Dru
dk a&pDtrsKd;rsKd;wkEYd iS ,
hf if;wkYd qufvuf
&yfwnf&iS o
f ef&efvt
dk yfaom vlraI &;? pD;yGm;a&;ESihf orkid ;f aMumif;qkid &f m
tajctaersm;ESifhywfoufonfh oDtkd&Drsm;tay: wifjy aqG;aEG;rIrsm;
&Sdygao;onf/ uRefawmf ,ck,kHMunfaeouJhokdYyif xkdpOfu uRefawmf
,kHMunfcJhonfrSm 1988 ckESpfu tjzpftysufrsm;rSm trsm;u ajymqkd
aeMuonfh 'Drkdua&pDukd vkdvm;axmufcHaom tkH<urIBuD; r[kwfqkd
onfhtcsufjzpfygonf/ wu,fwrf;tm;jzifh jyif;xefBuD;rm;onfh pD;yGm;
a&;t& qif;&J'kua&mufrI\ tusKd;quftjzpf zefwD;jzpfay:vmcJhonfh
qlyltkH<urIBuD;omjzpfygonf/ xkdvIyf&Sm;rI\&vm'fu zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH
Oya'ukdtajccHonfh tpkd;&wpf&yf jzpfraejcif;rSm uRefawmf\ wifjy
csufukd taetxm;rsm;pGmtm;jzifh axmufcHrIjyKaeonfhykHay:aeygonf/
aemufqHk; aqmif;yg;pmwrf;ESpfapmifrSm t*Fvdyfbmomjzifhjzpfap
(okdYr[kwf) jrefrmbmomjzifhyifjzpfap em;vnf&eftwGuf t,ltq
oabmw&m;tm;jzifh eufeJIyfaxG;rIt&SdqkH;ESifh tcufcJqkH;jzpfaumif;
jzpfEkdifygonf/ xkdaqmif;yg;pmwrf;ESpfckvkH;taejzifh vlrsKd;uGJajrmufjrm;
pGmyg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;aom jrefrmhvlYabmiftykdif;wpfykdif;ukd ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;
Munfh eI m;vnfEidk rf rI sm;ESix
hf jdk yemrsm;tay:rwlnaD om a0zefyidk ;f jcm;
avhvmrIrsm;aMumifhay:xGufvmaom EkdifiHa&;? vlrIa&; tusKd;ouf
a&mufrIrsm;ESifhoufqkdifygonf/ ,if;aqmif;yg;pmwrf;rsm;ukd tvGef
uGJjym;jcm;em;aomtajctaersm;wGif a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfygonf/ yxr
aqmif;yg;pmwrf;jzpfonfh ]jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;twGif; vlrsKd;pka&;&mrsm;ESifh
ywfoufonfhtjrifrsm;} (Perceptions of Ethnicity in the Politics of
Myanmar)ukd t"dutm;jzifh ]t"dym,fzGifhqkdonfh oDtkd&Dpmwrf;} tjzpf
a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfygonf/ ,if;pmwrf;rSm uRefawmfhtaejzifh The State
in Myanmar pmtkyfukda&;om;&efjyifqifaepOftwGif; awGU&Sd em;vnfrI
rsm;rS ay:ayguf vmcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif od&SdaeMuonfh
]wkdif;jynf\vlrsKd;pktrsm;tjym;ESifh 4if;wkdY\ orkdif;aMumif; rlvblw
rsm;ESifh EkdifiHa&;tqifhtwef;wkdYESifhywfoufaom jzpfpOfjzpf&yf tajc
taersm;}ukd uRefawmfhtaejzifh rnfokdYt"dym,fzGifhqkdrnfqkdonfukd
aqG;aEG;okH;oyfwifjyxm;ygonf/ *sD?tD;?[maA;ESifh 'D?*sD?tD;?a[mvf
wku
Yd o
hJ aYdk om ukv
d edk o
D rkid ;f ynm&Sirf sm;ESi4hf if;wku
Yd oifMum;ykcYd say;cJo
h nfh
jrefrmorkdif;ynm&Siftrsm;tjym;wkdY\ ]orkdif;&SdvlrsKd;pkrsm;ta&;}tay:
]4if;wkdY\em;vnfykH}ESifhywfoufonfh a&;om;xm;csufrsm;tm; zwfI
cJh&ygonf/ wpfcsdefwnf;wGif ApfwmvDAmrif (Vicotr Lieberman) ESifh
OD;xGe;f atmifcsdew
f u
Ydk o
hJ aYdk om aemufyidk ;f orkid ;f ynm&Sirf sm;ESihf tuf'rf ef?
vdcsf(Edmund Leach) uJhokdYaom rEkaA'ynm&Sifrsm;\ ]orkdif;
qkdif&m vlrsKd;pka&;udprsm;tay: em;vnfrI}ESifhywfouf ]rwlnD?

qefYusifaeonfhtjrifjzifh a&;om;csufrsm;}ukdvnf; zwfIcJh&ygonf/

,if;okdY]jy'g;wpfvrf; oHwpfvrf;jzpfaeonfh em;vnfrItjrifrsm;}ukd
EIdif;,SOfzwfI&onfhtcg uRefawmfhtaejzifh pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m tjzpf
awGUjrifcJhygonf/
aemufqkH;wGif uRefawmfhtaejzifh [maA;ESifh tjcm;orkdif;ynm&Sif
rsm;onf ]jrefrmhorkdif;ukdNAdwdoQorkdif;wpfckozG,fa&;om;cJhMuaMumif;}
ESifh ]orkdif;qkdif&maMumif;usKd;w&m;ykHpH}ESifhywfoufNyD; ]jrefrmhvlYtzGJU
tpnf;\ ukdvkdeDacwfrwkdifrDumvrS ukdvkdeDumvokdY ,if;aemuf
vGwfvyfa&;acwfumvokdY ajymif;vJoGm;rItm; vufawGUMunfhI avh
vm qef;ppfjcif;jzifh Ijrif&rnfhtpm; taumiftxnfj'yftjzpf azmf
aqmifxm;onfh vlrsKd;pka&;jzifh IjrifcJhMuonf}[k rdrdtaejzifh aumuf
csufcscJyh gonf/ ]Ekid if rH sm;u trsKd;om;Ekid if rH sm;ukw
d nfaqmuf ygovm;?
jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd ukd,fykdifvuPmqkdif&m EkdifiHa&;ukd xyfrHqef;ppfjcif;}
(Do States Make Nations? The Politics of Identiy in Myanmar
Revisited) aqmif;yg;pmwrf;rSm ygarmuru
dk u
f ,f? atmifoiG f (Professor
Michael Aung-Thwin)ESifh

ygarmutD,efba&mif; (Professor Ian Brown)

wkdY\ oD;jcm;pDarwm&yfcHcsufjzifh a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfygonf/ ygarmu
rkdufu,f? atmifoGifu? [m0kdif,Dwuokdvf&Sd 4if;\ ausmif;om;rsm;
tm; a[majymykdYcsay;yg&efESifh ygarmutD,ef? ba&mif;u ]ta&SUwkdif;
ESifh tmz&duqkdif&m bmom&yfrsm;oifausmif;} wGif a[majymykdYcsay;
yg&ef arwm&yfcHcsufwkdYjzpfygonf/ xkdtcsdefu uRefawmfrSm wuokdvf
q&mb0wGif wufvSrf;&ef kef;uefae&onfh tv,ftvwf touf
t&G,f&Sd uxduq&mwpfOD;r[kwfawmhyg/ xkdYjyif yk*H? yJcl;? rEav;?
jyifOD;vGif rSvGJ &efukefjyify&Sd jrefrmEkdifiHukd rodrjrifbl;olvnf;
r[kwaf wmhyg/ 1982ckEpS f u a&S;a[mif;aAmufp?f 0uf*eG b
f wfpu
f m;jzifh
awmifil? ysOf;rem;? a&Zif;? rdwDvm? rEav;? a&Tbkd? a&eHacsmif;?
acsmuf? rif;vSESifh om,m0wDwkdYokdY okH;ywfausmfMum c&D;wpfywf
vSnchf NhJ yD;jzpfygonf/ 1988 ckEpS af emufyidk ;f wGif aysmf&iT zf ,
G f aumif;onfh
tcsufu uRefawmfhtwGuf jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvkH;okdY vSnfhywf c&D;oGm;&
onfrSm tvGefyif ykdrkdvG,fulvmcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/ 'kwd, aqmif;yg;
pmwrf;ukd uRefawmfa&;onfhtcg uRefawmhftaejzifh jrefrmEkdifiHESifhywf
ouf oDtkd&Dtm;jzifh em;vnfrIomru? okH;oyfcsufrsm; qGJ,lEkdifrIukd
taxmuftuljyKonfh jrefrmEkdifiHtm; ykdrkdodjrif em;vnf vmrIrsm;ukd
jzpfay:apaom tawGUtBuHKrsKd;pkHwkdYukdvnf; &&SdaecJhNyDjzpfygonf/
pmzwfot
l rsKd;rsKd;wkt
Yd aejzifh aqmif;yg;pmwrf;rsm;wGif a&;om;
xm;csuf trsm;tjym;ESifhywfouf oabmwlnDrI &Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwf
onfrSm oHo,jzpf&efr&Sdyg/ tcsKdUaomolrsm;twGuf uRefawmf\
tjrifrsm;rSm 4if;wkdYoifMum;xm;cJh&onfrsm;ESifh ukdufnDrI&Sdvdrfhrnf
r[kwfyg/ tjcm;olrsm;twGufrl uRefawmf\ tjrifrsm;rSm 4if;wkdY\
EkdifiHa&;t&if;cHaeonfh tjrifrsm;(okdYr[kwf) BudKwifvufcHxm;onfh
t,ltqrsm;ESifh 0da&m"djzpfaeaumif;jzpfaeMurnfjzpfygonf/ tjcm;
aomolrsm;twGufrl uRefawmf\tjrifrsm;ESifh uGJvGJuGmjcm;aom ukd,f
awGU oufaoom"ursm;(okdYr[kwf) uRefawmf\tjrifrsm;udk ykdrdkckdifrm
apaom uk,
d af wGUoufaoom"ursm;&Sad eMurnfjzpfygonf/ pmtkyf
wGiaf &;om;azmfjyxm;aom aqmif;yg;pmwrf;rsm;ygtaMumif;t&mrsm;rSm
ykrd pdk Of;pm;NyD; aqG;aEG;rIrsm;jzpfvmap&ef&nf&,
G
f a&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfyg
onf/ aqmif;yg;pmwrf;rsm;wGif a&;om;xm;onfh taMumif;t&m
rsm;ESifhywfouf tppNyD; jynfhpkHpGma&;om;xm;NyD[k rqkdvkdyg/ xkd
bmom&yfrsm;ESifhywfouf tjcm;olrsm;taejzifh ykdrkdem;vnfrIrsm;
rSm;ygu tjcm;olrsm;u rSm;aMumif;oufaojyEkdifap &efwkdYtwGuf
taxmuftuljzpfaponfht&mrsm;tjzpfjrifapvkdygonf/ uRefawmfh
taejzifh xkpd mwrf;rsm;ygtaMumif;t&mrsm;ukd ykrd o
dk &d edS m;vnfvydk gonf/
pmzwf olrsm;\ wkHYjyefrIrSm xkdpmwrf;rsm;yg taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd
ydkrdkem;vnfvm&efvnf; arQmfvifhygonf/
a&mbwf ? td y f c sf ? awvm
vef'ef
4 Zl v k d i f 2011/
ol\pmtkyfwGif tykdif;(3)ykdif;cGJ wifjyxm;onf/ tykdif;(3)wGif
jrefrmhEidk if aH &; twGi;f &Sd vlrsKd;pka&;&mrsm;ESiu
hf ,
dk yf idk v
f uPmrsm; ajymif;
vJrIukd awGUjrif,lqcsufrsm;jzifh kyfvkH;azmfjcif;? jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;twGif;&Sd
vlrsKd;pka&;&mrsm;ESiyhf wfoufonft
h jrifrsm;? aqmif;yg;rsm;u pdw0f ifpm;
p&mjzpfonf/ tqkyd gpmtkyw
f iG f pma&;ol\uk,
d af &; tusOf;ukd BudKwif
zwfIavhvmygu ol\pmtkyftay:wGif ykdpdrfh0ifEkdifrnf[k ,lq
zG,f&m &Sdacsonf/
uk d , f a &;tusOf ;
a&mbwf?tdyfcsf?awvmukd tar&duefEkdifiH? tkd[kdif;tkd;jynfe,f
(Ohio) *&if;AD;vf (Greenville) NrdKUi,fav; 1943 ckeSpfwGif arG;zGm;
cJhygonf/ olonf a'o&Sd jynfe,fausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoifMum;cJhyg
onf/ xkdYaemuf tkd[kdif;tkd;wuokdvf (Ohio University) tifwDa&mh
aumvdyf (Antioch College) ESifh aumfeJvfwuokdvf(Cornell University)
wkdYwGif qufvufynmqnf;yl;cJhygonf/ olonf tkd[kdif;tkd; wuokdvf
bGJUBudKausmif;om;tjzpfwufa&mufaepOfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHESifh ywf
oufonfh avhvmrIudk yxrOD;pGm pwifjyKvkycf yhJ gonf/ ,if;wuov
dk f
wGif ol\q&mrSm ygarmu*Refau'D (Professor John Cady) jzpfygonf/
1969 ckESpfwGif yg&*l(a'gufwm)bGJUqkdif&m vkyfief;rsm;ukd raqmif&GufrD
0g&Sifwef'DpD&Sd txufwef;ausmif;wpfausmif; (2)ESpfMum pmoifjy
pmrsufESm(48)okdY

47

wpfaeYaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\rdwfaqGBuD;ESpfOD;jzpf
onfh ygy tm*wkdYonf tifwmeuf qkdifwpfqkdifwGif
txkdifcsum jrifjriforQukd jiif;ckefaeMuawmhonf[l\/
(aemufcjH rifuiG ;f rSmtifwmeufqidk w
f pfc\
k jrifuiG ;f
jzpfap&rnf? tifwmeufqkdiftwGif; vli,ftcsKdU tif
wmeuftokH;jyKaeonfh[efrsm;&Sdae&rnf)
ygy
ygy/ ukd,fhvl usKyfwkdYawGtifwmeufqkdifxJ a&muf
vmwJhtwGuf apmifhMunfhwJholawGu bmajymMur,f
rodbl;Asaemf/
tm*
tm*/ bmajym&rvJ/ tzkd;BuD;ESpfa,muf tif
wmeufqkdifxJ0ifNyD; r[kwfwkwfykHawG vmMunfhaeMu
w,fvkdYajymrSmayghAs/
ygy
ygy/ [m ukd&ifuvnf; edrdwfr&Sd ermr&Sd vkyf
avsmhr,f/ usKyfocd sifwm[m usKyfwYdk tifwmeufqidk x
f J
0ifNyD; [kd[mMunfhonf[mMunfh vkyfjcif;[m zGJUpnf;ykH
tajccHOya'eJY nDrnDqkdwmu ta&;BuD;wmAs/
tm*
tm*/ aMumufp&mr&Sd aMumufaejyefygNyD/ ae&m
wum tajccHOya'qkdwmBuD;eJY ,SOfxkd;pOf;pm;aer,f
qkd&if cifAsm;aep&mukd &SdrSmr[kwfbl;/ tajccHOya'ukd
jyifzkdYqkdNyD; ajymqkdaeMuwmawGyJMunfhavAsm/ ta&;
BuD;wmu tckcifAsm;ukd tckvrdk sKd; tifwmeufqidk x
f aJ c:
vm&wJhtaMumif;&if;[m tDvufx&Gef;epfOya'qkdvm;
bmvm;Asm at;? tJ'geJYnDnGwf&JUvm;vkdY cifAsm;t&if
pOf;pm;xm;/
ygy
ygy/ [! tvefYxnuf vkyfcsvkdufjyefNyDudk&ifu
vnf;Asm/ tifwmeufxJuae bmawGrsm; usKyfukd jy
rvkdYwkef;/ r[kwfwkwfawGeJY rjyeJY ukd,fhvl/ usKyfu 0goemrygbl;/ &Sif;&Sif;yJ bk&m;eJYw&m;eJY aewJholAs/
tm*
tm*/ at;ygAsm/ [kwfwmr[kwfwmtyxm;/ usKyfwkdYwkdif;jynfrSm b,favmufawmiftusifh pm&dw
awG ysufpD;,kd,Gif;aeNyDvJqkdwmawGjyrvkdY ac:vmwm ukd,fhvla& ukdif;a[monfrSmMunfh/
(ajymajymqkdqkdESifh OD;tm*onf tifwmeufxJrSAD'D,kdzkdifwpfckukd zGifhjyvkdufav&m)
ygy
ygy/ [m a[h a[h ukd&if bmawGwkef;As/ b,fhES,fh [mawGwkef;/ cifAsm; [kd b,fvkdvkyfNyD; 'gawG
Munfh Munfh Munfhae&wmyJ/ ab;vlawGjrifoGm;rSjzifh &Sufp&mAsm/ a[h a[hydwfvkdufygAs/
tm*
tm*/ &Suf&rSmu usKyfwkdYr[kwfbl;As/ oif;wdkYawG cifAsm;Munfhav/
ygy
ygy/ [m Munfh&Jygbl;Asm/ cifAsm;[mBuD;awGu [kwfrSr[kwfbJ/
tm*
tm*/ rMunfh&JvkdY r&bl;ukd,fhvl/ onfrSm Munfhav/ jrefrmpkHwGJ(3)wGJ? tukefvkH; Avmusif;NyD;
pmrsufESm(47)rStquf

cJhNyD;aemuf0DvfbmzkdYpfwuokdv(f Wilberforce University) wGif EkdifiHa&;

odyHbmom&yfukdoifjycJhygonf/ vef'efwGif wpfESpfaexkdifcJhrI tyg
t0if yg&*lbGJUvkyfief;qkdif&m aqmif&GufrIrsm; 1974 ckESpfwGif NyD;pD;
onft
h cg olonf Mo*kwrf pS 1980 jynfEh pS t
f xd qpf'eD wuov
dk f
vnf;aumif;? 1997 ckESpftxd vef'ef&Sd ta&SUwkdif;ESifh tmz&du
qkdif&m bmom&yfrsm;oifausmif;wGif vnf;aumif; pmoifjycJhNyD;
2001 ckESpftxd bwfuif[efwuokdvf (Bucking University) \
'kw,
d t"dywdtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcyhJ gonf/ ,if;aemufyidk ;f wGif
olonf pifumyl&Sd Institute of South
East Asian Studies ES i f h The City
University of Hong Kong wk d Y w G i f
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh jrefrm ESifh
ta&S U awmif t m&S a &;&m twk d i f
yifcHtjzpfvnf;aqmif&GufcJhygonf/
olonf jrefrmEkdifiHokdY yxrqkH;
tBudrftjzpf 1975 ckESpfwGif vm
a&mufcJhygonf/ 1978 ckESpfwGif
jref r mbmompum;uk d Ek d i f i H j cm;
bmomoif odyHausmif;oifMum;
cJhNyD; 1982 ckESpfwGuf wuokdvf
rsm; A[kdpmMunfhwkduf okawoe
vk y f i ef ; rsm; vk y f a qmif c J h y gonf /
vGefcJhonfh (36)ESpftwGif; olonf
jrefrmEkdifiHokdY tBudrfaygif; (100)
eD;yg;rQ vma&mufvnfywfcJhygonf/
pma&;ol o nf 1988 vl x k t k H < urI E S i f h y wf o uf
1988 'Drkdua&pDawmif;qkdonfh vlxktkH<urIBuD;ESifh 1990jynfh
ESpfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;onf wnfNidrfonfh 'Drkdua&pDjzpfxGef;a&;twGuf
yxrajcvSrf;rsm;jzpfMuygonf/ EkdifiHa&;a0zefcHrIESifh ESpfzufaqG;aEG;
ndEdIif;rIuawmhjzpfrvmao;ay/ wyfrawmftaejzifh vGwfvyfonfh
vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;ay:xGef;a&;onf 4if;wkdY tusKd;pD;yGm;wGif yg0if
onf[k xifjrif,lqvmygu 'Drkdua&pD tvm;tvmaumif;vm
rnfjzpfygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHtaejzifh 'Drkdua&pDtoGiful;ajymif;a&;ukd
a&&SnfwnfwHhrnfh tzGJUtpnf;rS wpfqifhoGm;rnfavm (okdYr[kwf)
pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;rI r&Sdjcif;? urmYEkdifiHrsm;\ 0kdif;y,fcH&jcif;? vlrIa&;
tajctaersm; &yfwefYaejcif;ESifh vGefcJhonfh tESpf(20)uwnf;u
&SdcJhonfh EkdifiHa&;zdESdyfjcif;rsm; qufvufjzpfay:aernfvm; qkdonf
ukdrl tjzpftysufrsm;u tqkH;tjzwfay;rnfomjzpfygonf[l okH;
oyfcJhonfrSm awG;qqifjcifzG,fjzpfonf/

vljrifuGif;rSmawmfovif;Zmwfcif;aeawmhukd pdefajy
eajyAD'D,dkkdufxm;wmBuD;ukd tifwmeufxJ a&muf
aewm b,favmuftE&m,frsm;ovJAs/ 'grsKd;ukd
onftwkdif;MunfhaeMu&if twkckd;rSm;NyD; awmfo
vif;Zmwfcif;ukefMurSmaygh/
ygy
ygy/ tJ tJ'gawmh [kwfygw,fAsm/ 1988 ckESpf
ta&;tcif;rwkdifrD umvuawmh jrefrmtjymum;
kdufwJholawGukd 'gkdufwma&m okyfaqmifawGyg
zrf;qD;ta&;,lcJhzl;wJh om"u&SdcJhzl;ygw,f/ EkdifiH
ykdifowif;pmawGrSmvnf;azmfjycJhzl;ygw,f/ rEav;
u[kw
d ,fwpfcv
k nf; tJonfh u
kd u
f iG ;f aMumifh emrnf
awmifysufoGm;zl;ygw,f/
tm*
tm*/ at;av; usKyfajymcsifwm tJ'gyJ vl
i,fpkHwGJ awmfovif;Zmwfcif;aewmukd ckd;kdufwm
vnf;r[kwf tJpepfwus (tuGufcsNyD;) vljrifuGif;
rSm awmfovif;Zmwf cif;aewmBuD;ukd oufqkdif&m
u azmfxkwfzrf;qD;ta&;r,lbl;qkd&if [D&dMowy
w&m; uif;rJhvGef;rIawGukd vufykdufMunfhae&m
ra&mufbl;vm;/
ygy
ygy/ [kwf [kwfygNyD tJ tJonfawmh usKyfwkdY
b,fvkdvkyfMur,fvkdY ukd&if pdwful;xm;vJAs/
tm*
tm*/ [m &Sif;aewmyJ ck onfawmfovif;
AD'D,kdzkdifukd tifwmeufuae a'gif;vkyf vkyfNyD;ul;
r,fNyD;awmh oufqkdif&mvufxJ usKyfwkdYukd,fwkdif
oGm;ay;r,f/ onfvkdrsKd; awmfovif;Zmwfcif;aerI
ukd ta&;,lay;ygvkYd usKyfwu
Ydk ,
dk w
f idk f awmif;qkrd ,f/
ygy
ygy/ tJ tJonfvadk wmh rjzpfao;bl;xifw,f/ usKyfwu
Ydk dk w&m;r0ifqifqmrJh npfnrf;acGu;l ,ljzefcY sdreI YJ
ta&;,lcH&&if b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ/ NyD;awmh tDvufx&Gef;epf Oya'qkdwmuvnf; &Sdao;qkd/
tm*
tm*/ tkd vQm&SnfraeeJYAsm ckonf[mBuD;ukd usKyfwkdY tifwmeufxJuul;r,f/ 'gyJ/
ygy
ygy/ [m a[h rvkyf rvkyfeJYav rvkyfeJY rvkyfeJY/
(xkdokdYtBudwfte,fjiif;ckefaeMuqJrSmyif vQyfppf"mwftm;csKdU,Gif;oGm;rSjzifh olwkdYESpfOD;\ jiif;ckefrIonf
ed|dwHoGm;&acsawmhownf;)
ukdukdBuD;us,f

udkrkd;oD;ZGef = tvdkr&Sd
ABSDF ausmif;om;wyfrawmfOu|a[mif;

udkrdk;oD;ZGefwpfa,muf
vuf&Sdtpdk;&\ trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;twGuf zdwfac:csuft&
jrefrmjynfodkY jyefa&mufvmcJhonf/ ola&mufvmonfrSm olESifh tar&d
uefEkdifiHom;tjzpfcH,lxm;onfh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;yg jyefvm
Muonf/ pkpkaygif;(9)OD;jzpfonf/ xkdYtwl ABSDF ajrmufydkif; Ou|
a'gufwmEkdifatmifvnf;ygvdkYvmonf/ wGifp udkrkd;oD;ZGef wdkY\
tdrt
f vnfjyefc&D;onf yGq
J v
l mcJo
h nf/ udrk ;kd oD;ZGeaf &mufonfh ae&mwdik ;f
wGifESpfzGJUuGJonf/ xkdonfuyif ol uHZmwmavvm;rod/ olu trdajr
Nidrf;csrf;a&;rpf&Sif tzGJUqdkNyD; jrefrmjynfBuD; tjrefqHk;Nidrf;csrf;om,m
a&;twGuf jrefrmjynfodkYjyef a&mufonfhtcdkuf wpf&ufrS tm;rae/
udk,fhpm;&dwfudk,fay;? olESifh cH,lcsufwl &Jabmfrsm;udkpkNyD; jrefrmjynf
ta&; vdkufavhvmcJhonf/ olwdkYtzGJUonf vlcGJoGm;&rnfhae&mrsm;udk
vlcGJoGm;Muonf/ twlwloGm;& rnfhae&mrsm;udk twlwloGm;Muonf/
udkrdk;oD;ZGef jrefrmjynfodkY jyefvmjcif;onf jrefrmEkdifiHta&;twGuf
yifjzpfonf[kqdkonf/ ola&mufonfhtcsdefwGif ABSDF (ajrmufydkif;)
vlowfru
I pd tus,fw0ifh jzpfvmcJo
h nf/ odaYk omf udx
k eG ;f atmifausmfEiS hf
udkrkd;oD;ZGefwdkYonf olwdkYESifh rywfoufaom pGyfpGJcsufrsm;udk jyefvnf
ajz&Sif;um &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;ESifh,ciftwkdif;vufwGJEkdifcJhMuonf/ udkrkd;
oD;ZGefonf ol\uHZmwmt&vm;rajymwwf vlajymol ajymvlrkef;cH&ef
ygvmonfvm;rajymwwf/ wpf&uf txufjrefrmjynfNidrf;csrf;a&; c&D;
pOftwGuf c&D;xGufcJhMuonf/ rEav;odkYta&mufwGif rsKd;cspfpdwf?
EkdifiHcspfpdwf&SdMuonfh rEav;rS oHCmawmfq&mawmfrsm;udk vSnfhvnf
&Sdcdk;Mo0g'cHcJhonf/ onfhaemuf rif;uGef;bufodkY {&m0wDjrpfaMumif;
tajctaeudkMunfhvdk rEav;rS rif;uGef;odkY oabFmpD;xGufcGmcJhMuonf/ oabFmay:wGif q&mawmfOD;0D&olvnf;ygvmcJhonf/ oabFmpD;
vm&if;u udkrif;udkEkdifonf ol\ i,fb0rsm;taMumif;ajymae&if; q&mawmfOD;0D&olu rEav;rSyk*dKvfwpfOD;u dk[if*smtaMumif;
udkrdk;oD;ZGef ajymxm;onfhESifh ywfoufar;jref;vdkonf/ rEav;jyefa&mufvQif rauseyfaMumif; ----------[k ajymaMumif;rdefYonf/
xkdrauseyfonfholESifh udkrdk;oD;ZGef zkef;ajymMuonf/ rEav;jyefvmvQif qEjyrnf[kajymonfhtcg jyygAsm? 'g[m 'Drkdua&pDygyJ[k jyef
vnfajzMum;vdkufoHMum;cJh&onf/ rif;uGef;bufrS naeapmif; cyfarSmifarSmiftcsdefwGif rEav;bufodkY oabFmjyefa&mufonf/ xdkaeYu
usef&Sdaom EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; jrefrmjynfwpfckvHk; jyefvTwfay;aeonf[kvnf;Mum;&onf/ urf;ay:odkYtwufwGif vlwpfa,mufESifh
OD;0D&olu rdwfqufay;onf/ udkrkd;oD;ZGefu [kwfuJh odcsifar;ygqdkNyD; tjyeftvSef pum;awGajymNyD; urf;ay:wufcJhonf/ BudKufwmajymyg
'grS 'Drdkua&pDyg[kvnf; jyefajzonf/ xdktcsdefwGif uwfxlwpf&Gufudkudkifxm;aom rsufrSefESifhvlwpfa,mufu ]]rdk;oD;ZGef=tvdkr&Sd?
jrefrmjynfrSjyefxGufoGm;yg}}[k a&;om;onfhpm&Gufudkudkifxm;NyD; udkrdk;oD;ZGefoGm;onfhvrf;wpfavQmufudkifum ]udkrkd;oD;ZGeftvdkr&Sd?
udkrkd;oD;ZGeftvdkr&Sd}qdkNyD; toHwkefwkefESifh vdkufatmfaeoludkawGU&onf/ olonf udkrkd;oD;ZGefudk rauseyfoljzpfonfqdkygu Oyrm a[haumif
rk;d oD;ZGe?f bmnmqJa&;&rnfrmS Armpdu
k t
f &jzpfaomfvnf; xko
d o
l nf toHwek w
f ek Ef iS hf udrk ;dk oD;ZGet
f vdrk &Sd udrk ;dk oD;ZGet
f vdrk &S[
d k vdu
k af omajym
aecJhonfudk tckwdkif Mum;a,mif&if; . . . .
]udkrkd;oD;ZGeftvdkr&Sd}
udkrdk;oD;ZGefodkYtrSwfw&

aZ,smjrwfcdkif

48
48

a&SYaersm;uGef&ufqEazmfxkwfyGJwGif a&SYaeBuD;OD;ukdeD\ ajymMum;csuf

a&SUaersm;uGef&ufu (17?10?2012)&uf eHeuf(10)em&DwGif &ef
ukefNrdKU? yef;qkd;wef;vrf;? r[mAEKvyef;NcHvrf;? bPfvrf;? ql;av
vrf;rwkdYwGif qExkwfazmfyGJwpf&yf usif;ycJhonf/ 4if;qExkwfazmf
yGJwGif a&SUaersm;uGef&ufrS OD;aqmifolwpfOD;jzpfonfh w&m;vTwfawmf
a&SUaeBuD;OD;ukdeDu vma&mufMunfhIMuolrsm;tm; atmufygtwkdif;
ajymMum;cJhonf/
jrefrmEkdifiHa&SUaersm;uGef&ufrS jyKvkyfonfh qExkwfazmfyGJwGif
yg0ifMuaom a&SUaersm;? tm;ay;Muaom jynfolrsm;ESifh owif;rD'D,m
Xmersm;rS yk*dKvfrsm;tm;vkH; ukd,fpdwfESpfyg; usef;rmcsrf;omMuygapvkdY
qkawmif;arwmykdYojcif;jzifh EIwfcGef;qufygw,f/ uRefawmfuawmh
a&SUaersm;uGef&uf&JU wm0efay;tyfcsuft& ,aeYjyKvkyfwJh qExkwf
azmfyGJrSm OD;aqmifol(3)OD;teuf wpfOD;jzpfNyD; wm0efcH,lxm;olwpfOD;

vnf;jzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYa&SUaeawGqkdwm[m pD;yGm;a&;orm;rsm;?

ukefonfrsm;eJYrwlbJ Oya'ynmeJY toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKMuolrsm;
jzpfMuNyD; EkdifiHawmf&JU w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;u@rS wm0efxrf;aqmifae
Muolrsm;jzpfMuwmukd trsm;odMuNyD;jzpfygw,f/ w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;
r&SdbJeJY uRefawmfwkdYvkdcsifwJh 'Drkdua&pDEkdifiHawmfqkdwm b,fvkdrS
rjzpfEkdifbl;qkdwmukd uRefawmf tav;teufajymvkdygw,f/
uRefawmfwkdY 'DaeYqExkwfazmfyGJBuD;ukd bmjzpfvkdYvkyf&wmvJ/
&nf & G , f c suf u bmvJ q k d w muk d twk d q k H ; eJ Y vk d & if ; tcsuf r sm;uk d
ajymjyvk d y gw,f /
eH y gwf ( 1) taeeJ Y a jymvk d w muawmh
&efukefNrdKU? yef;qkd;wef;vrf;eJY r[mAEKvyef;NcHvrf;tMum;rSm&SdwJh
High Court vkdYac:wJh (teDa&mif)taqmufttkHBuD;[m t*FvdyfukdvkdeD
tpkd;&acwfu aqmufvkyf cJhwJh taqmuftODBuD;jzpfNyD;? ukdvkdeDacwf
(1948-rwkdifrD) umv? ygvDref'Drkdua&pD acwf (1948-1962)Mum;?
1962rS 1988Mum; (ppftpkd;&ESifhrqvwpfygwDacwfumv)? 1988
rS 2011 xd ppftpkd;&acwfumv acwftqufquf w&m;a&;Xme
ykdif w&m;kH;taqmuftOD;tjzpf tokH;jyKcJhNyD; ,aeY'Drkdua&pDacwfukd
wpfausmh jyefa&mufvmawmhrS 'DtaqmuftOD;BuD;&JU (tay:qk;H xyf)ukd
yk*vduvkyfief;&Sifukday;zkdY qkH;jzwfNyD; wu,fay;vkdufwm[m(1) b,fou
l qk;H jzwfwmvJ? uRefawmfww
Ydk &m;a&;Xmeu wm0ef&dS
olawGu awmif;qkdvkdYvm;/
(2)bmaMumifh'DvkdqkH;jzwf&wmvJ (ckdifvkHwJhtaMumif;jycsuf&Sd&JU
vm;)/
(3) uRefawmfwkdYEkdifiH&JU w&m;kH;taqmuftOD;rsm;ukd odum&Sd&Sd
qufvuf&yf wnfEkdifatmif wm0ef&SdolwkdYu raqmif&GufEkdifMuawmh
bl;vm;/
(4) &SdNyD;om; w&m;kH;taqmuftOD;ukd w&m;kH;tjzpf qufvuf
rxm;&SdEkdifavmufatmif uRefawmfwkdY tajctaeqkd;oGm;NyDvm;/
(5) 'Dvq
dk ;Hk jzwfaqmif&u
G w
f m[m trsKd;om;tusKd;pD;yGm;? Ekid if *hH P
k f
odumwkdYeJY nDygovm;qkdwmukd uRefawmfwkdYjynfolwpf&yfvkH;u yGifh
yGifhvif;vif; odcsifaeMuygw,fcifAsm;/
eH y gwf ( 2)tcsuf t aeeJ Y a jymvk d w muawmh
&efukefNrdKU? urf;em;vrf;ESifhbPfvrf;tMum;&Sd ,cifparmfaumfkH;
(Small Causes Court) vkdYac:wJh taqmuftOD;BuD;[m t*FvdyfukdvkdeD
tpkd;&u crf;em;xnf0gwJh w&m;kH;wpfcktjzpfwnfaqmufcJhaMumif;
od&ygw,f/ 'DkH;BuD;xJrSm w&m;pD&ifwJh w&m;cGif? w&m;olBuD; pOf;pm;
cef;? bD;vpftcef;rsm;? kH;0efxrf;rsm;ESifhqkdifaom tcef;rsm;? wHqdyf
acgif;cGefa&mif;onfhtcef;wkdY&SdNyD; txl;jcm;qkH;tcef;wpfckuawmh rSwf
wrf;tcef; (Record Room) vkdYac:ygw,f/ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmu ppf
aq;pD&ifqkH;jzwfcJhwJh trIwGJawGukd pepfwusxm;&SdwJhtcef;? vkdtyf&if
tcsdefra&G; rdwLrSefjyefvnful;,l&&SdEkdifatmif pDpOfxm;wJhtcef; jzpf
ygw,f/
'Davmuf crf;em;xnf0gpGmeJY pepfwus wnfaqmufxm;wJh
w&m;kH;taqmuf ttkHBuD;ukd bmjzpfvkdYrsm; [kdw,ftjzpfajymif;vJzkdY
qkH;jzwfvkdufMuwmvJqkdwm uRefawmfar;csifwmawG&Sdygw,f/ tJ'g

awGuawmh ESpfaygif; (100)avmuf w&m;kH;tjzpf&SdcJhwJh taqmuf

tOD;ukd bmjzpfvkdY [kdw,fvkyfcsifMuwmvJcifAsm/
chHnm;xnf0gvSwJh w&m;cGifBuD;awGukd [kdw,ftdyfcef;tjzpf bm
jzpfvkdY ajymif;vJcsif&wmvJcifAsm;/
'Dw&m;kH;BuD;udk [kdw,fvkyfvkduf&if b,folawG tusKd;&SdMurSm
vJcifAsm;/
w&m;kH;ukd [kdw,ftjzpf ajymif;vkdufwJhtwGuf uRefawmfwkdY
wkdif;jynf&JU *kPfodumtajctaewkd;wufoGm;ovm;? qkwf,kwfoGm;
ovm;qkdwmawGukdpOf;pm;cJhMuyg&JUvm;cifAsm;/ tJ'gawGukd 'DaeY 'Drkd
ua&pDacwfukd ul;ajymif;aecsdefrSm jynfolawG yGifhyGifhvif;vif;odcsif
aeMuygw,f/
eH y gwf ( 3)tcsuf t aeeJ Y a jymvk d w muawmh
trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm; um
uG,fxdef;odrf;a&;eJY aiGaMu;tusKd;tjrwf
&&Sda&; b,f[mu ykdNyD;ta&;BuD;ovJqkdwJh
taMumif; enf;enf;ajymvkdygw,f/
uRefawmfwkdYa&SUuajymcJhwJh High court
(&efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf) eJY
Small Causes Court vkdYac:wJh &efukefta&SU
ykdif;ckdif? taemufykdif;ckdifeJYNrdKUe,f kH;rsm;
yg0ifonfhpkaygif;kH;BuD;) (ykvdyfrif;BuD;kH;vkdY
vnf; ac:Muygw,f) kH;BuD;awG[m 1998
ckESpfrSm jyXmef;cJhwJh ]trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI
tarGtESpfa'orsm;? ypnf;rsm; umuG,fa&;
Oya'}eJY tusHK;0ifoufqkdifygw,f/ 'DkH;
BuD;(2)kH;ukd 'DaeY qExkwfazmfyGJrSm wm0ef
&Sdolrsm;ukd uRefawmfar;cGef; enf;enf; ar;
vkdygw,f/
acwftqufqufESpfaygif;(100)ausmf
w&m;kH;tjzpftokH;jyKcJhNyD;? avmavmq,f
wGifvnf; w&m;kH;tjzpftokH;jyKaewJh taqmuftODjzpfwJhtjyif
,Ofaus;rItarG tESpfypnf;tjzpfvnf;w&m;0if owfrSwfxm;wJh
taqmuftOD;awGukd pD;yGm;a&;tzGJU tpnf;wpfck(okdYr[kwf) vlwpfOD;
udk[kdw,fvkyf&efay;vkdufwJhtwGuf
w&m;olBuD;rsm;? w&m;kH;0efxrf;rsm;? Oya't&m&Sdrsm;ESifh Oya'
kH;0efxrf;rsm;? wm0eft&vma&mufaeMu&aom &JwyfzGJU0ifrsm;? rIcif;
q&m0efrsm;? a&SUaea&SU&yfrsm;? trIonfrsm;? oufaorsm;tp&SdwJh
yk*dKvfawG b,folrS rvkdvm;Mubl;qkdwmukd odMuyg&JUvm;/ ar;prf;
Munfhbl;Muyg&JUvm;/ (tJ'g uRefawmfh&JUar;cGef;yg/ a&SUaersm;u uGef&uf
ukd,fpm;ar;wmyg/ wm0ef&SdolwkdY&JU tajzukdvnf; uRefawmfwkdYav;
pm;pGm apmifharQmfaeygw,f)
,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpfa'orsm; umuG,fxdef;odrf;a&; Oya'&JU
&nf&G,fcsufrSm ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;ukd umuG,fxdef;odrf;&r,fvkdY
qkx
d m;ygw,f/ vkt
d yf&if ywf0ef;usif&dS taqmufttkaH wGudk zsuford ;f
ckdif;EkdifaMumif; ywf0ef;usifajrukd odrf;,lEkdifaMumif; jyXmef;csufrsm;
&Sdygw,f/
yk'fr-20(c) rSm a&S;a[mif;txdrf;trSwf taqmufttkHukd rlv
a&S;a[mif;ykHoPmef? rlva&S;a[mif;vuf&m rajymif;vJzkdYtwdtus
jyXmef;xm;ygw,f/ usL;vGef&if axmif'Pf(1)ESpfuae (7)ESpfxd
csrSwfEkdifygw,f/
wu,fvkdY'Dw&m;kH;taqmufttkHBuD;udk [kdw,fcef;awG vkyf
vkdufr,fqkd&if w&m;cGifawG[m tdyfcef;awG? tdrfomawG? a&csKd;cef;
awG jzpfuek Nf yD/ rlvvuf&mawG aysmufysufomG ;rJt
h csuf? tJ'v
D v
dk yk &f if
Oya'ESifhrnDbl;qkdwJh tcsufawGukd rpOf;pm;Muawmhbl;vm;vkdY uRef
awmf ar;csifygw,f/
eH y gwf (4)tcsuf t aeeJ Y a jymcsif w muawmh
EkdifiHawmf&JUpwkwr@dKifBuD;jzpfwJh rD'D,morm;rsm;eJY qkdifygw,f/
uRefawmfwYdk Ekid if u
H dk 'DaeY 'Dru
dk a&pDEidk if aH wmfBuD;jzpfvmapzkYd orwBuD;
OD;odef;pdef? jynfolYvTwfawmfOu|BuD; ol&OD;a&Tref;? trsKd;om; vTwf
awmf Ou|BuD; OD;cifatmifjrifheJY jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf
w&m;olBuD;csKyf OD;xGe;f xGe;f OD;wku
Yd OD;aqmifNyD; tajrmftjrifBuD;rm;pGmeJY
BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufaeMuygw,f/
'DvkdtajctaersKd;rSm uRefawmftxufrSmwifjycJhwJh jzpf&yfrsKd;[m
&Sdoifhr&SdoifheJY tvm;wltrsKd;om;tusKd;pD;yGm;ukd xdckdufapwJhjzpf&yfrsKd;
awG ray:ayguf&atmif pwkwr@dKifjzpfwJh rD'D,morm;wkdYuvnf;
0kdif;0ef;BudK;pm;azmfxkwfNyD; rD'D,mrSwpfqifh jynfolwpf&yfvkH;odatmif
wifjyay;MuygvdkYajymMum;vkdygw,fcifAsm;/
eH y gwf (5)ed * k H ; csKyf w if j yvk d w muawmh
uRefawmfwkdYw&m;a&;avmueJYoufqkdifwJh w&m;kH;awGukd cefYcefY
xnfxnf odum&Sd&Sdw&m;pD&ifEkdifwJh w&m;kH;rsm;tjzpf jyefvnfxm;
&Sday;ygvkdY EkdifiHawmforwBuD;eJY wm0ef&Sdyk*dKvfrsm;tm;vkH;ukd av;av;
pm;pm;? av;av;eufeuf awmif;qkdygaMumif; ajymMum;&if; ed*kH;csKyfyg
w,fcifAsm;[k ajymMum;cJhonf/

wkd;jrifUvmaom wHqdyfacgif;cGef?
k;H cGeEf eI ;f xm;rsm;tay:w&m;vTwaf wmfa&SaY e
OD;armifarmifpkd; avUvmokH;oyfwifjy
a&SUaersm;uGef&ufu (17?10?2012)&uf eHeuf(10)em&DwGif
&efukefNrdKU? yef;qkd;wef;vrf;? r[mAEKvyef;NcHvrf;? bPfvrf;?
ql;avvrf;rwkdYwGif qExkwfazmfyGJwpf&yf usif;ycJhonf/ 4if;qE
xkwaf zmfyw
JG iG f a&SUaersm;uGe&f ufrS OD;aqmifow
l pfO;D jzpfonfh w&m;
vTwfawmfa&SUaeOD;armifarmifpkd;u wkd;jrifhvmaom wHqdyfacgif;cGef
kH;cGefEIef;xm;rsm;tay: avhvmokH;oyf wifjya[majymcJhonf/ 4if;
a[majymcsufrSm -

(2008) jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;yHk tajccH

Oya'yk'fr 96 t& ]]jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf Z,m;(1)wGif
azmfjyxm;aom jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKpm&if;yg udprsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;
Oya'jyKcGifh&Sdonf/}}[kjy|mef;xm;&m Z,m; 1 pmydk'f 3 b@ma&;
ESifh pDrHudef;u@acgif;pOfi,f(n)wGif Hk;cGefrygbJ wHqdyfacgif;cGef
omyg&Sdygonf/
tqdkygOya'yk'fr 96 rS TefaomZ,m; 1 pmydk'f 11 w&m;
pD&ifa&;u@\ acgif;pOfi,f(q)wGif trIwefzdk;owfrSwfjcif; yg&Sd
ygonf/ Hk;cGefowfrSwfjcif;udkrawGU&Sd&yg/ xkdYaMumifh (2011)ckESpf?
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfOya'trSwf 5 jzifh jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
\twnfjyKcsufjzifh EkdifiHawmforwrS ]]Hk;cGeftufOya'udk jyifqif
onfh Oya'}}jy|mef;vufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;onf EkdifiHawmf zGJUpnf;yHk
tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufESifhnDGwfrI&SdEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/ xkdOya'
t& Hk;cGefwefzdk;rsm; wdk;jrifhowfrSwfvdkufaom b@ma&;ESifh tcGef
0efBuD;Xme\ (15?3?2012)&ufpGJyg trdefYaMumfjimpmtrSwf- 123^
2012 onfvnf; H;k cGeEf iS yhf wfouf Oya't& twnf rjzpfEidk yf g/
xkdYjyif wHqdyfacgif;cGefESifhywfouf ]]jrefrmEdkifiHwHqdyfacgif;
tufOya'udk jyifqifonfhOya'}}tjzpfjy|mef;cJhaom ]]2011 ckESpf?
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfOya'trSwf 2}}rSm vTwfawmf jynfolvlxk
vdkufem&ef trSefEIef;xm;rsm;udkwifjyNyD; vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;rS taustvnf aqG;aEG;twnfjyKjy|mef;xm;aom Oya'
r[kwfyg/
,cktcg b@ma&;ESifhtcGef0efBuD;Xmeonf wHqdyfacgif;cGef?
Hk;cGefEIef;xm;wdkYwGif vuf&Sdxrf;aqmifaeonfhEIef;xm;rsm;\ tq
(100)? tcsKdUHk;cGefwGif tq(300)? tcsKdUHk;cGefwGif (10)q? tcsKdU
Hk;cGefwGif tq(1500)ponfjzifh kwfw&uf wdk;jrifhowfrSwf vdkuf
ygonf/
,if;wHqdyfacgif;cGef? Hk;cGefEIef;xm;rsm;onf aiGaMu;wwf
EkdifolvltcsKdUtwGuf raxmif;wmvSaomfvnf; aiGaMu;rjynfhpHk
aiGaMu;csKdUwJhol trsm;jynfoltwGuf BuD;av;aom0efxkyf 0ef
ydk;BuD;jzpfaeyg jynfoltrsm;rvdkvm;&jcif;jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh wHqdyfacgif;cGef? Hk;cGefEIef;xm;rsm;udk ,ckuJhodkY
wdk;jrifhjcif;rjyKrD vTwfawmfodkY rSefuefwduspGmwifjyNyD; jynfolY
udk,f pm;vS,frsm;ygaom vTwfawmf(2)&yfrS aMuaMuvnfvnf
aqG;aEG;ndEdIif;twnfjyKcsuf&,lNyD;rSom EkdifiHawmforwtrdefYjzifh
xkwfjyefaMunmoifhygonf/ odkYrSom 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOft&vnf;
avQmfuefoifhjrwf rnfjzpfonfhtjyif jynfoltrsm; trSefwu,f
xrf;aqmifxdkufonfh wHqdyfacgif;cGef? Hk;cGefEIef;xm;rsm; rkcs ay:
aygufvmrnfjzpfonfudk av;av;eufeuf,HkMunfygonf/
(a[majymol - armif a rmif p d k ;
w&m;vT w f a wmf a &S U ae)

KZY

49

bdu
k av;NrKeYd ,f u'Hu
k ed&pJ cef;tydik f r&rf;acsmif;aus;&GmwGif

tkyfpkzGJY tMurf;zufwdkufcdkufrIjzpfyGm;
atmuf w d k b m? 5 &uf
(2012)ckESpf? atmufwdkbm(5)&uf? n cefYrSef;(11)em&DtcsdefcefYwGif {&m0wDwdkif;
a'oBuD;? bdkuav;NrdKUe,f? u'Hkuedaus;&Gm &Jpcef;tydkif r&rf;acsmif;aus;&GmwGif
r&rf;acsmif;tif;vkyfudkifol a':EkEkpEm\orD; rcspfpk(c)rcdkifxufausmfESifh om; armif
jynfhbkef;ydkifwdkYtdyfaysmfaepOf if;wdkYaetdrfodkY wkwf? "m;? om;a&cG? 0g;cRef? tkwfcJ
wdkYudkifaqmifxm;aom &Gmom;(30?40)cefYrS 0ef;&Hum tkwfcJrsm;jzifhypfaygufjcif;?
cJoD;rsm;jzifh ypfcwfjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfMuNyD; tdrfa&SUwHcg;rBuD;tm; dkufcsKd;0ifa&mufum

rcdkifxufausmf\armifjzpfol armifjynfhbkef;ydkif? twlaetvkyform; armifrsKd;aZmf

OD;wdkYtm; om;a&cGjzifhypfcwfjcif;? wkwfrsm;? oHwkwfrsm;jzifhdkufjcif;? yg;dkuf? uef
ausmufjcif;wdkYudk rif;rJhpdkufqefqefjyKvkyf if;wdkY(3)OD;tm; BudK;jzifhyl;wkwfxm;NyD;
tdrftwGif;&Sd tzdk;wef a&G? aiGtoHk;taqmifypnf;rsm;? pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;tm; pdwf&Sd
vuf&Sd ,liif dkufESufzsufqD;cJhMuonf/
OD;aomif;pdeEf iS hf u&ifqo
kd rl S rD;dUI owfrnf[k Budr;f 0g;ajymqdNk yD; tapmif(h 3)a,muf
csxm;um atmufodkYqif;oGm;cJhygonf/ (3)rdepfcefYtMumwGif c&mwGwfoHMum;&NyD;
tapmifh(3)a,mufudk jyefac:oGm;cJhMuygonf/
xdkYaemuf (10)rdepfcefYtMumwGif &GmxJrS q,ftdrfrSL; OD;xGef;jrifh? OD;oHacsmif;?
OD;jrifhodef;wdkY vlBuD;(5)OD;cefYa&muf&SdvmNyD; "mwfrD;rsm;jzifhxkd;um uav;awGawmh
aoukefMuawmhr,f[k ajymqdkoHMum;rS rdrdwdkYtm; u,fwifay;yg&efajymojzifh vlBuD;
rsm;rS BudK;ajzay;NyD; u'Hkuedaq;HkodkY pufavSjzifhydkYaqmifay;cJhMuygonf/ xkdodkYydkY
aqmifpOf if;wdkYtkyfpkrS pufavStm; 0dkif;0ef;ypfcwfwdkufcdkufcJhMuygonf/
,if;tMurf;zufvkyf&yfaMumifh rcspfpk(c)rcdkifxufausmf wpfudk,fvHk;wGif zl;a&mif
aygufNyJ'Pf&mrsm;? nmvufzrdk;aMuoGm;NyD; ausmbufjyif;xefpGm'Pf&mrsm;pGm&&Sd
oGm;cJhygonf/ armifjynfhbkef;ydkifvnf; om;a&cGjzifhypfjcif;? wkwfjzifhdkufjcif;? uef
ausmufjcif;wdkYaMumifh wpfudk,fvHk;ndKrnf;'Pf&m(30)cefY &&SdcJhygonf/ tvkyform;jzpf
ol armifrsKd;aZmfOD;rSm if;wdkYarmifESrrS rdrdwdkYtdrfrStvkyform;jzpf dkufESufvQif
rdrdwdkYtm;dkufESufyg/ tvkyform;udkawmh rvkyfygESifhajymqdkojzifh 'Pf&m tenf;i,f
om&&SdcJhygonf/ xkdodkY tMurf;zufvkyf&yfudk usL;vGefolrsm;tm;od&Sdygovm;[kar;
jref;Munfh&m rcdkifxufausmfrS od&SdaMumif;ESifh xkdolrsm;xJrS aomif;pdef? MunfvGif?
aygufusKdif;? pdk;ol? cspfodef;? ausmfrif;? Ekdifvif;xGef;? cifa&TESifh rSwfrdolrsm;pGm&Sdyg
onf[k ajymqdkcJhygonf/ xkdodkY xkdkuf? zsufqD;,liifoGm;rIrsm;aMumifh aiG (2020000)
usyf? a&T(4)usyf ig;rl;om;? tdrfESifh dkufESufzsufqD;cH&onfhypnf;rsm; pkpkaygif; um
vwefzdk;aiG (8470000)cefY qHk;HI;cJh&onf/
txufygvltkyfpkrsm;onf if;tdrfrSqufvufxGufcGmvmcJhNyD; rcdkifxufausmf\

tarjzpfol a':EkEkpEmaetdrfodkYoGm;a&muf0kdif;0ef;NyD; tkwfcJ? 0g;cRef? wkwfrsm;jzifh

ypfcwfwdkufcdkufMuNyD; aetdrftwGif;odkY0ifa&mufum tdrftwGif;&Sdypnf;rsm;tm; dkuf
ESufzsufqD;cJhMuygonf/ xkdodkYypfcwfwdkufcdkufaepOftwGif; a':EkEkpEmESifh if;\cif
yGef;jzpfolrS tdrfaemufaz;tm;azmuf wuGJpDxGufajy;vGwfajrmufcJhygonf/ ypfcwf
wdkufcdkufrIaMumifh a':EkEkpE zl;a&mif'Pf&mESpfck&&Sdygonf/ dkufESufzsufqD;rIrsm;
aMumifhumvwefaMu;aiG (570000)usyf? a&T (1)usyf ig;rl;om;? aetdrfESifh dkufESuf
zsufqD;cH&onfh qHk;HI;rIcefYrSef;wefzdk;aiGpkpkaygif;(2455000)cefY qHk;HI;cJh&ygonf/
if;tkyfpkrsm;onf a':EkEkpEmaetdrfrSxGufcGmvmNyD; r&rf;acsmif;0wGifaexdkifol
aus;&Gm &mtdrfrSL; OD;aX;wifhatmifaetdrfodkYoGm;a&muf0dkif;0ef;NyD; om;a&cG? tkwfcJ
rsm;jzifh ypfcwfwdkufcdkufMuNyD; aetdrfwHcg;rBuD;tm; aygufqdef? uyfyg;? aygif? wl
rsm;jzifh csKd;zsuf0ifa&mufum wpftrd v
f ;kH du
k Ef u
S zf sufq;D cJMh uygonf/ xko
d yYkd pfcwfwu
kd f
cdkufrIaMumifh OD;aX;wifhatmifrSm zl;a&mif? aygufNyJ 'Pf&mrsm;&&SdcJhNyD; if;\ZeD;
a':0if;yyrkd;rSmvnf; udk,fcEmwGif zl;a&mif? ndKrJ'Pf&mrsm;&&SdcJhonf[k 'Pf&mrsm;
udkjy&if;ajymqdkcJhygonf/ dkufESufzsufqD;rIrsm;aMumifh OD;aX;wifhatmif\ aetdrfESifh
tdrftwGif;&Sd toHk;taqmifypnf;rsm; umvwefaMu; (2240000)ausmfcefY qHk;HI;
cJh&NyD; aiGwpf&mESpfq,fhoHk;odef;ausmf? a&T(12)usyfom;? pdefem;uyfwpf&H aysmufqHk;
cJhaMumif; pkpkaygif;qHk;HI;cJhonfh a&T? aiGESifh ypnf;rsm; wefzdk;(26290000)ausmfcefY
jzpfaMumif; OD;aX;wifhatmifrS jyefvnfajymjycJhygonf/
if;jzpfpOfESifhywfouf atmufwdkbm(6)&uf? eHeuf(12)em&DausmfcefYwGif orD;
jzpfol rcdkifxifausmfrS bdkuav;NrdKUwGifaexdkifol zcifOD;Munfpdk;tm; zkef;jzifhquf
oG,fcJh&m OD;Munfpdk;rS bdk;uav;NrdKUr&Jpcef;rSL; &JtkyfOD;rkd;vGifxHoGm;a&muftultnD
awmif;cHcJhygonf/ bdkuav;rS &JwyfzGJu0ifrsm; eHeuf(4)em&DcefYwGif pufavSjzifh
oGm;a&mufcJh&m eHeuf(6)em&DcGJcefYwGif r&rf;acsmif;odkYa&muf&SdcJhNyD; u'Hk&Jpcef;rS wyf
zGJU0ifrsm;ESifhyl;aygif; yg0ifywfoufol vl(30)cefYudk u'Hk&Jpcef;twGif;odkY ac:,lxdef;
odrf;pHkprf;cJhygonf/ xkdodkY ppfaq;ar;jref;aecsdeftwGif; r&rf;acsmif;&GmESifh u'Hked&Gm
ay:&Sdvlrsm; yl;aygif;yg0ifaom vl(100)cefY&SdtzGJuonf u'Hkued&Jpcef;a&SUwGif vm
a&mufpkHk; qEjyawmif;qdkMu&m atmufwdkbm(6)&uf? n(9)em&D (15)rdepf tcsdef
yg0ifywfoufonf[k ,lq&olrsm;tm; tmrcHjzifhvTwfay;cJh qEjyolrsm; jyefvnf
xGufcGmonfudk udk,fwdkifjrifawGUcJh&aom &Gmom;tcsKdUESifh&JwyfzGJU0ifrsm;ESifhtwl vdkuf
ygoGm;aom OD;Munfpdk;rS jyefvnfajymqdkcJhonf/
KZY

tajz
(1) zef y k v if ; tay:rS m "m;ES i f h j cpf a omtoH
(2) Av,f ' D r D , m rl w if
(3) w,f v D z k e f ; ajymcuk e f u saiG
(4) *vufpfwGefbl&D(Glasonbury)
(Glasonbury)yG J a wmf \ vuf r S w f t a&mif ; Mumcsd e f
(5) Muuf O ? bJ O tp&S d o jzif h yk w f a eaom O \ teH Y
(6) c&rf ; a&mif ta&mif a Mumif h
(7) Cannabis

50
50

jrefrmEdkifiH? EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;aeY (,m,D)tjypfowfrSwfEdkifa&;ESifh udkouf0if;atmifusqHk;jcif;(6)ESpfjynfh tcrf;tem;usif;y

tajccHynmausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkouf0if;atmifusqHk;jcif;
(6)ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwfaeYtcrf;tem;ESifh jrefrmEkdifiH? EkdifiHa&;
tusOf;om;rsm;aeY(,m,D)owfrSwfEkdifa&;udk (16?10?2012)? wGifrGef;vGJ
(1) em&DrS nae(4)em&Dxd &efuek Nf rdKU? awmf0ifEiS ;f qD(a&T*w
kH ikd )f oD&cd ef;r
usif;ycJhonf/
tcrf;tem;usif;y&jcif;\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk
(1) rdrd\b0ESifh toufcEmudk&if;ESD; awmfvSefwdkufyGJ0ifoGm;
cJhMuaom EdkifiHa&;,HkMunfcsuftusOf;om;rsm;\ pGefYvTwfay;qyfrIrsm;
udkaemufrsdK;qufrsm;rS avhvmod&Sdwefzdk;xm;ap&ef/
(2) tem*wfjrefrmEdkifiHordkif; EdkifiHa&;,HkMunfcsufaMumifhw&m;
pD&ifjcif;cH&NyD; EdkifiHa&;tusOf;uscHae&aom ]]EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;}}
aysmufuG,foGm;ap&ef/
(3) jrefrmEdkifiH\ awmfvSefa&;tzGifhpmrsufESmwdkif;wGifjynfolvlxk
\ &ifESpfonf;csmom;orD;rsm;u tNrJwrf;yg0ifcJhrIudk ,aeYausmif;
om;vli,frsm;tm; wifjytpD&ifcH&ef/
(4) jrefrmEdik if \
H tusOf;axmifrsm;wGiv
f uf&jdS ypf'PfuscHae&aom
EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;&SdaeaomaMumifh urmESifhjrefrmhjynfolodkYtod
ay;awmif;qdkjcif;/
(5) wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tjrifrwl? oabmxm;uGm[rIrsm;udktodt
rSwjf yKav;pm;wefz;kd xm;aom yl;aygif;ndE iId ;f aqmif&u
G o
f nfh tavhtx
aumif;rsm;jzpfay:vmap&ef/
(6) tajccHynmausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;or*rsm;cdkifcdkifrmrm
jyefvnfay:aygufvmap&ef[lonfh &nf&G,fcsufrsm;jzifh usif;yaMumif;
od&onf/
Edik if aH &;tusOf;uscH&olrsm;ud,
k pf m; (88)rsdK;qufausmif;om;acgif;
aqmif udkrif;udkEdkif? OD;vSa&T? udkatmifxGef;? rsdK;rif;Zif? ausmfudkudk
&efEdkifOD;wdkYrSudk,fawGU jzpf&yfrsm;ESifhwuG trSpum;ajymMum;cJhMuonf/
udkrif;udkEdkifu ,if;tcrf;tem;wGifajymMum;cJhonfrSm]]jrefrmEdik if H Edik if aH &;tusOf;om;aeYb,faeYuo
kd wfrw
S rf vJ udpu

awmh'x
D ufyNkd yD;awmh us,fjyefw
Y n
hJ v
D mcHwpfcv
k t
kd yfw,fvjYkd rifygw,f/
toD;oD;vlwikd ;f vlwikd ;f rSmawmh owfrw
S x
f m;aomjzpfpOfawG&ydS gvdrrhf ,f
axmifxrJ mS Edik if aH &;tusOf;om;awG&adS ewJt
h wGuf olwv
Ykd nf;b,faeYrmS
jzpfapcsifovJqdkwmudk uRefawmfwdkYem;axmifzdkYoifhygw,f/
'DaeYu udkouf0if;atmiftwGuf oludk,fpm;jyKwmu'DtjzLESifh
tpdrf;av;ESifhtxufwef;ausmif;om;av;yg/ olwdkYordkif;udkuRefawmf
rsufpdESifhudk,fawGU awGU&wmav;udkrSwfwrf;wif&ygr,f/ uRefawmf
wdkYwuodkvfausmif;om; udkbkef;armfusqHk;NyD;wJhaemuf(ZGef) wdkufyGJ
ta&;awmfyHkqdkNyD;ausmif;xJrSm oydwfarSmufcJhw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmolwdkY
a&mufvmNyD;awmh EdkifiHa&;wm0ef,lygw,f/ xrif;xkwfawGtvSLcHwm
tp*dwfawGrSmvHkNcHKa&;ay;wmtqHk;? 'DtjzLtpdrf;awGwm0ef,lcJhMuyg
w,f/ aemufxrif;pm;wJhtcg uRefawmfwdkYuenf;enf;oifhawmfwJhtm;
&Sdr,fxifwJhtpm;tpmawGudk olwdkYudkay;ygw,f/ olwdkYujiif;y,fyg

w,f/ ta&;BuD;wJhvlawGudkauR;yg tay:rSmajymaewJhvlawGtm;&SdzdkY

vdkygw,fqdkNyD;awmh 'geJYolwdkYBudKufwmpm;ygqdkNyD;awmh ay;vdkufwJht
cgolwdkYu tnHhqHk;qdkwJh txkyfa&G;pm;NyD; wm0efausatmifvkyfcJhwm
udkawGU&ygw,f/
aemufZeG t
f a&;awmfyEkH iS hf ausmif;ydwo
f mG ;wJt
h cg tqufjywfomG ;
aomtcsdefrSm ta&;BuD;vIyf&Sm;rIawGrjywfatmifuGif;qufay;wmu
olwdkYawGygyJ a&Twd*HkapwDay:rSm olwdkYwufNyD;a[maewmudk uRefawmf
wdkYawGUcJhMuygw,f/
tJ'Dvdk a&Twd*HkapwDay:rSm oydwfuwjznf;jznf;BuD;vmwJhtcgHk;
u0efxrf;awGawmif vmem;axmifwmudkawGU&w,f/ tJ'DvdkaeYwdkif;
jzpfvmwJhtcg Mo*kwf(3)&ufrSm ausmif;ydwfvdkufygw,f/ tJ'Dvdkydwf
vdkufwJhaeYrSm a&Twd*Hk? ql;avESifh urmat;txdpDwef;NyD;awmh csDwuf
cJhMuygw,f/ 'DvdkeJYypfrdefYxkwfvkdufMuw,f/ wjcm;ae&mrSm uRefawmfh
rjrifbl;? tJ'DtjzL? tpdrf;awGua&SUqHk;uaetypfcH&ygw,f/ pufwif
bm(19)&ufrmS 'DrmS usqH;k oGm;w,fwhJ ausmif;om;awG rdbawG[m'DaeY

o0PfvTm udkzwfMum;cJhonf/
ud k ouf 0if ; atmif \ud k ,f a&;tusOf ;
OD;0if;armif+a':jrjrat;wdkYrS (27)&uf? Mo*kwfv(1971)wGifarG;
zGm;/ arG;csif;(6)a,mufteuf ti,fq;kH / (1988)ckEpS af r? ZGev
f wGief 0r
wef;ausmif;om;b0wGif t .x .u(5)wmarGrS 'Dru
kd a&pDvyI &f mS ;rIwiG f
pwifyg0ifcJhonf/ xdkESpfZGefvwGif tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm;or*
&efukefwdkif;nDGwfa&;vIyf&Sm;rIwGif wmarGNrdKUe,frSyg0ifcJh/ &Spfav;vHk;
jynfolU'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHkumvwGif a'oqdkif&mausmif;om;
or*udk OD;aqmifzGJUpnf;vIyf&Sm;cJhonf/ tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm;
or*(&efukef wdkif;) twGif;a&;rSL;tzGJU0iftjzpfa&G;cs,fcH&/ (1990)ckESpf
ZGef(30)&uf wGifrEav;wGifusif;yaom 'kwd,tBudrfausmif;om;
nDvmcHwGifeef; wGif;axmifwGif(3)&uf txdef;odrf;cH&/ (1990)jynfhESpf
atmufwdkbmrS (1991)ckESpf? {NyDvtxdyxrtBudrfxdef;odrf;cH&onf/
axmifrSvGwf NyD;aemufydkif;tmPmydkifrsm;\ ac:,lar;jref;rIrsm;ESifh
0&rf;xkwcf &H rI wdaYk Mumifw
h rd ;f a&SmifaecJ&h onf/ (1996)ckEpS ?f 'DZifbmv

twGuf taumif;qHk;oufaoawGygbJ/
'gaMumifh udo
k uf0if;atmiftygt0if usqH;k cJw
h t
hJ jzLtpdr;f 0wfw&Ykd UJ
pGefYvTwfrI? ay;qyfrIawGudk awGU&Sd&ygw,f/
'gaMumifh]]w&m;rQwjcif;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;wdkY 'Dajray:wGifwnfyg
ap}} [k udkrif;udkEdkifuajymMum;cJhonf/
,if;tcrf;tem;wGif tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;olwpfOD;u
vnf;arSmfbDNrdKU tajccHynmausmif;om;or*udk,fpm; o0PfvTm
zwfMum;&mwGif
]]orD;azBuD;wdYk (88)ta&;awmfyu
kH mvrSm tajccHausmif;om;awG
[mt"duusw,f olwdkYEdkifiHa&;udkrod olwdkYodwmtrSefw&m; olwdkY
awG[mEdik if aH &;vufuikd w
f w
k af wGr[kw?f trSew
f &m;vufuikd w
f w
k af wG
udkouf0if;atmifomr[kwf vlrodolrod tuoawG? AuoawG
ausmif;om;awG? jynfolawG? &[ef;oHCmawG&JUaoG;awG'DaeYtxd
rajcmufao;bl;/
orD; EdkifiHa&;udkem;rvnf&ifae trSefw&m;udkem;vnfzdkYta&;BuD;
w,f udo
k uf0if;atmifu Edik if aH &;em;rvnfb;l ? trSew
f &m;udek m;vnf
w,f/ rw&m;rIEiS hf zdEydS x
f m;wJt
h rSew
f &m;rsm;twGuf (udo
k uf0if;atmif)
toufudkpaw;NyD; oufaojycJhwmyg/
olvdk udkouf0if;atmifvdk jynfoltwGufjrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf
tmPm&Sifudktoufay;awmfvSefEdkifol 'Drdkua&pDtwGuf cEmudk,fay;
qyfco
hJ ?l olUvdjk zpfatmif olUvdak y;qyfEikd af tmifausmif;om;xkwpf&yfv;kH
twGufb,ft&mrqdkay;qyfygrnf[kqkdum ,if;ausmif;oluuwdjyK

ausmif;om;rsm;\ 'Dru
kd a&pDvyI &f mS ;rIwiG yf g0ifco
hJ nf/ (1997)ckEpS w
f iG f
jynfyodkY xGufcGmoGm;NyD;(1998)ckESpfMo*kwfvwGifjynfwGif; qufvuf
vIyf&Sm; &efjyefvmcJhonf/ (1998)ckESpf? pufwifbmvwGifausmif;om;
vIyf&Sm;rIOD;aqmifoltjzpftzrf;cH&onf/ (1999)ckESpfwGif yk'fr5(n)
ESit
hf jcm; yk'rf sdK;pHw
k yf axmif'Pf(52)ESprf Eav;axmifot
Ykd a&mufwiG f
aemufxyf(7)ESpfwdk; uav;axmifodkYtajymif;cH&onf/ uav;
axmifwGif iSufzsm;a&m*gpwifcHpm;&onf/ (2001)ckESpfwGiftpmiwfcH
wdu
k yf 0JG ifco
hJ jzifah xmif'Pf(1)ESpw
f ;kd tjcm;Edik if aH &;tusOf;om;rsm;ESihf
cED;axmifodkYaxmifajymif;a&TUcH&onf/ tqdkygumv jrefrmEdkifiH
jynfolU'Drdkua&pDta&;vIyf&Sm;rI wdkufyGJ0iftusOf;uscH&olrsm;xJwGif
pkpkaygif;axmif'Pf(60)ESpfuscHcJh&onfhaxmif'Pft&SnfMumqHk; EdkifiH
a&;tusOf;om;jzpfcJhonf/ 2002^2003ckESpfwGif cED;axmifwdkufydwfcH
&NyD; iSufzsm;a&m*ga0'emjyif;xefpGmcHpm;cJh&onf/(2003)ckESpf? pufwif
bmvwGiyf garmu a'gufwmqvdik ;f xGe;f oef;zrf;qD;cH&rI owif;Mum;
axmifwGif;'kwd,tBudrfqEjycJhonf/ a&m*ga0'emESifh axmifwGif;
zd E S d y f r I ' Pf w d k Y a Mumif h rE a v;axmif o d k Y a jymif ; a&T U NyD ; aemuf a xmif
aq;HkwGifwdkufydwfcH&onf/ a&m*gjyif;xefrIaMumifh rMumcPowf
vpfarhajrmrIjzpfvmaq;tBudrfBudrfoGif;ukorIcHcJh&onf/ axmif
0ifpmudkrdom;pk0ifrsm;rS (27?9?2006)aeY wGifaemufqHk;awGUqHkcJh &jcif;
jzpfonf/ (16?10?2006)&ufaeY eHeuf(7) em&D(40)rdepfwGif tmPm
ydkifrsm;rSuG,fvGefoGm;NyDjzpfaMumif; taMumif;Mum;rdom;pk0ifrsm;rS
PS? pk d ; pH x k d u f
nae(6)em&DwGifod&SdcJh&onf/
Photo: Zaw Min Naing

51

ukd,fusdK;pD;yGm;twGuf bmrSr[kwfwJUudpukd bk&m;&JYomoemrSm IyfIyfaxG;axG; jzpfatmifvkyfwmudkuRefawmfawmUrav;pm;bl;? txifvnf;rBuD;bl;[kajymqkdvmol

usKu
d x
f ;D k;d a*gyuOu|OD;pHjrifEU iS aUf wGq
Y jHk cif;
vrf;opfwpfcu
k adk zmufcw
hJ ,f/azmufcw
hJ v
hJ rf;opfuvnf; uaeYtawmf
av; vHkNcHKrI&Sdw,fygw,f/ aemufwpfckuvnf; tJ'Dvrf;eJY ywfoufNyD;
ykdykd vHkNcHKatmif? ajrNydKrIawGr&Sdatmif ajrxdef;eH&HawG ajrmufjrm;pGm
vky&f ygw,f/ ajrxde;f eH&v
H yk if ef;? uGeu
f &pfavmif;wJv
h yk if ef; tygt0if
aygh/ aemufNyD; ckeu a&wifwJhtykdif;eJYywfoufvdkY ajymNyD;NyD/ rD;ykdif;eJY
ywfoufvdkYuawmh vdktyfwJhae&mawGrSm uRefawmfwdkYu jznfhqnf;NyD;
toH;k cs&wmawG&w
dS ,f/ txl;ojzifh vrf;yef;vHNk cHKrItykid ;f udk OD;pm;ay;NyD;
aqmif&Gufaewmjzpfygw,f/ xdkYtjyifvnf;yJ 'Dawmif wpfywfvHk;
jyefMunfhr,fqdk&if ajrxdef;eH&HawGtukefvkyfNyD;om;? um&Hxm;NyD;om;/
wu,fvdkY obm0ab;tE&m,fusa&mufvmr,fqdk&if awmfawmfav;
pdwfcs&wJh taetxm;&Sdygw,f/ &&SdvmwJhaiGaMu;awGeJY ywfoufvdkY
t"duuawmh 'gawG oHk;pGJygw,f/
aemufwpfck omoedutaqmuftODawGeJY ywfoufNyD;awmh
jyKjyifxdef;odrf;&wJhtykdif;/ Oyrm aq;okwfvkyfief;? tjcm;vdktyfwJh
tcsufawGvnf;&Sdygw,f/ tJ'Dae&mawGvnf; jyefvnfNyD; jyifqif&wm
&Sdygw,f/
ckeupum;eJYqufpyfNyD;ajym&r,fqdk&if aiGaMu;oHk;pGJwJhae&mrSm
pm&if;Xme&Sdw,f/ pm&if;XmerSmvnf; uRrf;usifwJh pm&if;tif;ynm
wwfuRrf;wJo
h al wGudk xm;&Syd gw,f/ 'Dpm&if;tif;ynmeJY uRefawmfwu
Ydk
vkyfief;wpfckvkyfNyDqdk&if tpdk;&u xdef;ausmif;ay;wm&Sdygw,f/ xdef;
ausmif;ay;wmvnf; aiGaMu;tajrmuftjrm;oHk;pGJ&awmh wm0ef&Sdol
awGudk uRefawmfu wifjy&w,f/ wifjyNyD;awmhrS 'Dtay:rSm cGifhjyKcsuf

rGefjynfe,f? usKdufxkdNrKdUe,ftwGif;&Sd qHawmf&SifusKdufxD;kd;

apwDawmfjrwfBuD;onf urmYthHzG,f apwDawmfjrwfBuD;jzpfojzifh jynf
wGi;f ^jynfy c&D;oGm;{nfo
h nf tawmfawmfrsm;rsm; vma&mufz;l ajrmfMu
onf/ atmufwkdbm(30)&ufaeYa&mufvQif usKdufxD;kd;bk&m;zGifhyGJudk
pnfum;oku
d Nf rKdupf mG usif;yawmhrnfjzpfonf/ wpfqufwnf; usKdux
f ;D
kd; apwDawmfjrwfBuD;ay:wGif pufwifbmvESifhatmufwkdbmvtwGif;
EkdifiHa&;ygwDwpfckrS yk*Kdvfrsm;u tkyfpkzGJUtEkdifusifhjcif;? avvH&,l
NyD;om; xrif;qkdifcef;ae&mtm; ykdif&Sifrodatmifa&mif;pm;jcif;? ygwD
pnf;kH;jcif; vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Gufjcif; ponfwkdYudkMum;aecJh&onf/
taMumif;pHu
k kd od&EdS idk &f ef usKdux
f ;D k;d a*gyuOu|OD;pHjrift
h m; qufo,
G f
ar;jref;jzpfcJhonf/
ar;/ / tckvmr,fh (2012-13)bk&m;zl;&moDrSm tbwdkYtaeeJY
bk&m;BuD;udk aiGtyfESHyGJ(avvHyGJukd) (22)&ufaeYu usif;yjyKvkyfvkduf
w,fvdkY Mum;od&w,f/ 'gawGu b,fvdkyHkpHeJY vkyfcJhygovJayghaemf/
aps;tjrifhqHk;u b,favmufvJ? aps;tedrfhqHk;u b,favmufvJ/
(10)&mcdkifEIef;wdk;wufaumufcHw,fvdkYvnf; ajymMuw,f/ tJ'gav;
enf ; enf ; av;&S i f ; jyygOD ; /
ajz/ / tJ'DqdkifawG ae&mjyefcsxm;a&;ukd vla[mif;jyefay;wJh pepf
usifo
h ;kH cJw
h ,f/ vla[mif;ay;pepfeu
YJ sifo
h ;kH w,fqw
kd mu (2004)ckEpS u
f
pNyD;awmh uaeY (2012)ckESpf txdukd a&muf&SdvmNyDjzpfygw,f/ 'gukd
rlvvla[mif;pepfeJY jyefay;w,f/ 'Dvdkjyefay;wJhpepfuvnf; bmvJ
qdkawmh ,cifh,cifuawmh avvHpepfusifhoHk;w,f/ usifhoHk;wJhae&m
rSmvnf; avvHpepfjzpf&ifvnf; wpfa,mufew
YJ pfa,muf tNydKiftqdik f
avvHay;qGJ0,fwJhtcgusawmh avvHaps;EIef;awGwufvmr,f/ wuf
vmwJhtay:rlwnfNyD; a&mif;a&;? 0,fa&;bufrSm xdcdkufvmr,fh tae
txm;/ wpfenf;tm;jzifah jymr,fq&kd ifawmh a*gyuuae bk&m;zl;awG&UJ
pm;oHk;rItykdif;ukd rxdef;csKyfEdkifovkdjzpfr,f/ aps;EIef;awG jrifhwufr,f/
aemufwpfckuvnf; avvHqGJr,fqdk&ifjyifyuae ykd;aMu;yef;aMu;awG
eJY vuf&adS vvHq0JG ,fwo
hJ al wGu? avvHorm;awGu ykNd yD;awmh yk;d aMu;
yef;aMu;awGay;ae&r,f/ Oyrmajym&if odef;wpf&muswJhqdkifu ESpf&m
vnf; jzpfcsifjzpfoGm;r,f/ oHk;&mvnf;jzpfcsifjzpfoGm;r,f/ tNydKiftqdkif
qGw
J muk;d / tJ'v
D ykd Ndk y;D ay;qG&J wJt
h wGuaf Mumifh olwYkd ay;&wJh a&mif;tm;
rSmvnf; ykdNyD;awmh wpfrsdK;wpfrnfMuyfvmr,fhtaetxm;awGvnf;
&Sdygw,f/
vla[mif;jyefay;wJph epfu vkyaf &;ukid af &;rSmvnf;ydv
k ,
G w
f ,f/
tm;vHk;vnf;auseyfMuw,f/ jyifyuaeNyD;awmh wjcm;a'ou vlawG
vnf; rygvmMuawmhb;l / aemufwpfcu
k yk;d aMu;yef;aMu; qdw
k mvnf;

52

avvHqGJ0,fwJhtcgrSm tJ'Doabmuawmh enf;enf;&Sif;jyzdkY vdkr,f

xifw,f/ Oyrm uRefawmfu ESpfa,mufavmuf qGJr,fqdk&if wcsdKU
ykdufqHxkyfukdifNyD;awmh 'gukd [efvmjy&if uRefawmf wu,fwrf;ykdifwJh
olu tJ'DvlrqGJatmifvkdYqdkNyD;vdkufNyD;rqGJygeJYqdkwmrsdK; &SdcJhMuw,f/
'g uRefawmfh&JU tawGUtBuHKt&qdk&ifaygh/ tJ'Dvdkqdk&if aiGaMu;awG
trsm;BuD;oHk;&r,f? ykdukefr,f/ ydkukefuswJhtwGufaMumifhrdkY 'Dqdkif&Sif&JU
a&mif;tm;awG? 'Dval wG&UJ ypn;f a&mif;tm;awGu ykNd yD;awmh xde;f csKyfvYkd
r& jzpfoGm;Edkifw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY tckpepfu ykdNyD;awmhaumif;w,f/
'Dpepfu t&ifvkyfief;&SifawGvnf; ykdNyD;awmhoabmusw,f/
ar;/ / aemufwpfcku wpfESpfukd tbwdkYrSwfwrf;vkyfxm;wmrSm
bk&m;zl;b,favmufvmovJ/ uRefawmfwdkYod&oavmufu bk&m;
zl;umvu ckepfvyJ&Sdw,f/ usefwJhig;vu rdk;wGif; jzpfwJhtwGuf
bk&m;zl;enf;w,f/ 'gayrJh zGifhwmuawmh tbwdkYtaeeJY wpfESpfywf
vHk; zGifhxm;w,fvdkYajymw,f/ wpfESpfukd bk&m;zl;b,favmuf vm
ygovJ/ aemufwpfck bk&m;BuD;u tvSLaiGrSm trsm;jynfoltvSLaiG?
jynfyuEdkifiHjcm;om;awG tvSLaiGaygh/ b,favmufavmuf&ygovJ/
tJ'DrSwfwrf;av;&&if ajymay;ygOD;/
ajz/
/ bk&m;zl;a&muf&SdrItajctaeeJY ywfoufNyD;awmh bk&m;zGifhyGJ
umvu ckepfv&Sdw,f/ tJ'DckepfvtwGif;rSm trsm;qHk;vmwJhvawGu
awmh tck atmufwdkbmvqdk&ifvmr,f/ 'DZifbm? Zefe0g&D? oBuFef
{NyD avmufaygh/ 'DvawGu ykdNyD;awmhrsm;w,f/ rsm;wJhtcgusawmh
vmwJh bk&m;zl;ucefrY eS ;f ajctm;jzifah wmh q,foed ;f ywf0ef;usifavmuf&dS
wmaygh/ odaYk omfvnf; wpfc&k w
dS mu Ny;D cJw
h EhJ pS u
f awmh bk&m;zl;ykNd y;D awmhrS
zl;ajrmfvmwm&Sdw,f/ wpfzufu jyefMunfh&if wdkif;jynfu ykdNyD;awmh
at;csrf;om,mvmw,f/ vrf;yef;qufo,
G af &;vnf; ykad umif;vmwm
vdYk 'Dvykd ,
J q
l w,f/ rd;k wGi;f usawmh aEGa&m rd;k a&m bk&m;0if;u ydww
f ,f
r&Sdygbl;/ tNrJwrf;zGifhxm;w,f/ rdk;wGif;usawmhvnf; oufqdkif&m
0gqdktvSL&SifawG 'Dbk&m;rSmvma&mufNyD;awmh awmifwef;a'orSm&SdwJh
ausmif;uefbk&m;awGrSm vSL'gef;MuwmawG&Sdygw,f/ vSLzG,fypnf;awG
vmNyD; vSL'gef;Muw,f/ txl;ojzifh rd;k wGi;f usawmh Edik if jH cm;om;awGu
olwt
Ykd m;&ufeq
YJ w
kH mvnf; jzpfcsif jzpfr,f? ykNd yD; vmMuwmvnf;&Sw
d ,f/
,ckESpfrSm ykdvmw,fvdkY rSwfwrf;t&od&w,f/ bk&m;yGJumvuawmh
wpfESpfvHk;zGifhxm;w,f/ ydwfw,fvdkYawmhr&Sdbl;/ r&SdwJhtjyif bk&m;zl;
rsm;wJh rdk;wGif;a&mufvm&if tcsdKU tcsdKU qdkifawGukd zGifhay;wm&Sdw,f/
ar;/ / tvSLaiGudpajymygOD;/
ajz/ / tvSLaiGtykdif;eJYywfoufvdkYawmh wpfESpfywfvHk;qdk&if bufpHk
tvSLaiGu &&SdwJhaiG&,f qdkifcef;awGu &wmygaygif;&if odef;aygif;
rsm;pGm &ygw,f/
ar;/ / ESpfpOf bk&m;BuD;qDuae &wJhaiGawGukd b,fvdkae&mawGrSm
oHk;ygovJ
ar;/ / uRefawmfhwkdYrSm &vmwJhaiGawGeJY ywfoufNyD;awmh bk&m;BuD;
bufpHkzGHUNzKd;wkd;wufa&;vkyfief;awGrSmokH;ygw,f/ bufpHkvkyfief;awGudk
uRefawmfwaYkd *gyutzGUJ u teD;uyfBuD;Muyfygw,f/ Mo0g' p&d, q&m
awmfawG&Sdw,f/ em,uq&mawmfawG&Sdw,f/ 'DaiGaMu;oHk;pGJrIeJY ywf
oufNyD; &&SdvmwJhaiGawGukd 'DrSmqdk&if a&ykdif;qdkif&m&Sdr,f/ a&wifwJh
vkyfief;u pufawGjyifqifwJhtydkif;? a&&&Sda&; tykdif;awGrSm oHk;w,f/
vrf;yef;qufo,
G af &;qdw
k mu bk&m;zl;rsm; ab;tE&m,f uif;&Si;f pGmeJY
oGm;vmEdkifa&;twGuf tJ'Dvrf;awGrSm bk&m;zl;rsm; vHkNcHKa&;/ aemuf
wpfcku tckqdk&if bk&m;zl;rsm; tcsdefwdkwdktwGif;rSm oGm;vmEdkifa&;
twGuf &aohawmifuae &ifjyifawmftxd wpfrdkifoHk;zmvHk t&Snf&SdwJh

awG,lw,f/ ,lNyD;awmhrS 'DOpmawGukd wGufcsufNyD; wifjy&w,f/

cGifhjyKcsufusvmNyD;rS vkyfief;awGukd uRefawmfwdkYtaumiftxnf azmf
w,f/ 'guawmh pepfwus&SNd yD;om;/ 'gaMumifrh Ykd uRefawmfwYkd ajymcsifwm
u aiGaMu;oHk;pGJrItydkif;eJY ywfoufvdkY uRefawmfwdkYrSm pepfeJY oGm;ae
wmjzpfygw,f/ tvGJoHk;pm;jzpfzdkYqdkwmrvG,fulygbl;/ aemufNyD;awmh
ckeuajymNyD;wJh aiGaMu;awGukd uRefawmfwdkYrSm bPfpmtkyfav;tkyf?
ig;tkyf&Sdygw,f/ 'gawGukd aeYpOftyf&? xkwf&ygw,f/ oHk;pGJwmvnf;
'DaiGaMu;awGukd pepfwusoHk;pGJw,f/ vmwJhvkyfief;awGukd uefxkduf
pepfeJYay;w,f/ uefxkdufpepfeJY ay;wJhtwGufaMumifhrdkYvdkY vkyfief;awG
enf;pepfreS af tmifvnf; pmcsKyfcsKyfw,f/ 'Dvrkd sdK;vnf; vkyaf y;aew,f/
aiGaMu;oHk;pGJwJhtcgrSmvnf; olY&JUNyD;pD;wJh vkyfief;&mcdkifEIef;t& aiGaMu;
xkwNf yD; oH;k pGw
J m&Syd gw,f/ pepfuawmh 'Dtwdik ;f yJaygh/ 'g bufpv
kH yk if ef;
awGaygh/ uRefawmfwkdYrSm tD;pDqdkwm&Sdygw,f/ tJ'DqHk;jzwfcsufeJY bPf
uae xkwfoHk;w,f/ trIaqmifudkvnf; wifjyw,f/ trIaqmifukd
wifjyw,fqdkwmvnf; tD;pDu qHk;jzwfcsufeJY trIaqmif&JUoabmxm;
rSm ta&;ay:aqmif&Guf&wmqdk&if tD;pDxdkifw,f/ odkYaomf vpOf trI
aqmifvyk w
f hJ tpnf;ta0;us&if uRefawmfu today;w,f/ twnfjyK
csuf jyef,lw,f/ 'guawmh routine olY[mol oGm;aewmaygh/
aemufwpfcku aiGaMu;ukdyJ xyfNyD;awmh ajymr,fqdk&if 'DrSm
tvSLcHyHk; (30)ausmfavmuf&Sdw,f/ 'Duae &vmwmudkvnf; 0ifaiG
wpfcktaeeJY &wmygyJ/ tJ'gudkvnf; oD;jcm; pm&if;jyKpkNyD;om;jzpfw,f/
yxrtBudraf zmufwmrSm b,favmuf&w,f? Oyrm tar&duefa':vm
b,favmuf&w,f/ wjcm;aiGaMu; xdik ;f bwf? ,Grf b,favmuf&w,f/
tukefvHk;rSwfwrf;&Sdw,f/ tJ'gukd EdkifiHjcm;ukefoG,frIbPfrSm saving
&Sdw,f? current &Sdw,f/ ESpfckvHk;xm;w,f/ tJ'Dvdk tyfESHxm;wm&Sdw,f/
uaeYtxd a':vmoHk;aomif;ausmfavmuf pkaqmif;NyD;om;jzpfw,f/
'g uRefawmfajymaewmu tao;pdwfawGcsnf;yJ/
tckqkd&if pm&if;ppfu jynfe,fuae wm0efay;NyD;awmh ckdif
pm&if;ppfuae vmNyD; ppfaq;w,f/ 'g tNrJwrf;ppfaq;w,f/ 'gaMumifh

uRefawmfwdkYrSm aiGaMu;ydkif;eJYywfoufvdkY pm&if;ppfaq;rItykdif;uvnf;

aiGaMu;oH;k pGt
J ykid ;f ukd yHrk eS 0f ifw,f/ qdv
k ckd sifwmu bmvJq&kd if aiGaMu;
ykdif;qdkif&m cGifhjyKcsuf,lw,f/ vkyfief;awGukd uefxkdufac:NyD;awmhrS
uefxku
d af c:wJt
h ay: jyefNyD;qH;k jzwfcsuf,w
l ,f/ aumfrwDq;kH jzwfcsuf
t&yJ txufuw
dk ifjyw,f/ txufwifjyNyD;rSpmcsKyfcsKyfw,f/ pnf;rsOf;
pnf;urf;awG pmcsKyfxrJ mS ygNyD;om;/ 'gawG[m vkyif ef;wdik ;f rSm uRefawmf
wdkY vkyfxm;wJhtvkyfawG jzpfygw,f/
ar;/
/ tbwdkY a*gyutzGJUtaeeJY b,fESpfa,muf&SdovJ/
'Da*gyutzGJUawGu usdKufxD;kd;rSmaeNyD;awmh vcpm;vkyfwmvm;?
apwemh0efxrf;vm; tJ'gav;wpfcsufajymjyygOD;/
ajz/
/ tzGJUtaetxm;eJYawmh tiftm;uawmh ajcmufa,mufyJ
&Sdw,f/ odkYaomfvnf; tiftm;ajcmufa,muf&Sdvnf; uRefawmfwdkYu
xde;f Edik f odr;f Edik w
f ,f/ bmrSwm0efrBuD;bl;/ 'guvnf; tawGUtBuHKawG
vnf; &SdNyD;om;jzpfvdkY/ uRefawmfwdkYqdk&ifvnf; a*gyuvkyfwm (11)
ESpfavmuf &SdoGm;NyD/ (11)ESpfumvtwGif;rSm uRefawmfhtawGUtBuHKawG
u trsm;BuD;&Syd gw,f/ 'gaMumifh vuf&t
dS iftm;taetxm;eJY xde;f odr;f
oGm;vdkY&w,f/ bmrSawmhjymemr&Sdbl;/ tiftm;uawmh tJ'Dvdk&Sd
w,faygh/
ar;/
/ tbwd k Y t zG J U taeeJ Y vG w f v G w f v yf v yf v k y f v k d Y & vm;/
jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfatmufrSm&Sdvm;/
ajz/ /aemufwpfcku vGwfvyftydkif;eJYywfoufvkdYu bmyJjzpfjzpfaygh
tzGUJ tpnf;wpfcu
k aiGaMu;oH;k pGrJ t
I ykid ;f uawmh ckeu uRefawmf wifjy
ovdk? uRefawmfajymovdk 'gav;awGuawmh xdef;csKyfwmawmhr[kwf
bl;/ tjyeftvSef xde;f ausmif;wmyJjzpfw,f/ 'g vGwv
f yfrrI &Sb
d ;l vdaYk wmh
ajymvdkYr&bl;/ vGwfvyfrI&Sdw,fqdk&if jzpfcsifovdkjzpf? oHk;csifovdkoHk;
'Dvdkawmh rjzpfoifhbl;/ 'gu bufpHkvkyfief;eJYywfoufvdkYaygh/ uRefawmf
wdkY tay:rSmbmyJjzpfjzpf jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJUtpnf;u? oufqdkif&m
ckdiftkyfcsKyfa&;tykdif;awG qifhuJqifhuJwm0ef,lrIqdkwm&Sdw,f/ 'gukd
vnf; uRefawmfwdkYuoabmusw,f/ xdkenf;vnf;aumif;yJ bmom
a&;? omoema&;eJYywfoufvmwJhudpusawmhvnf; uRefawmfwkdYrSm
Mo0g' p&d,q&mawmfawG&w
dS ,f/ NrdKUe,foC
H mhem,u&Sw
d ,f/ em,u
q&mawmfawG&w
dS ,f/ omoema&;bufu NrdKUe,fomoema&;rSL;? jynf
e,f omoema&;rSL;? omoema&;0efBuD;txd/ omoema&;ykdif;eJY ywf
oufvnf; omoema&;ykdif;ukd uRefawmfwkdYtoday;w,f/ 'gav;awG
awmh uRefawmfwkdYvkyfw,f/ odkYaomf 'Dt0ef;t0dkif;wpfckvHk;rSm tck
uGyfuGJtkyfcsKyfaewmuawmh a*gyu&JUtpDtrHeJY vGwfvGwfvyfvyf
tkyfcsKyfvdkY&w,f/
uRefawmfajymwm oHk;ykdif;&Sdw,faemf/ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf tkyf
csKyf/ jzpfvmr,fhjyemt&yf&yfukd uRefawmfwdkYu qHk;jzwfvkdY&w,f/
Oyrm aps;olaps;om;awGeJY ywfoufvdkYjzpfvmwJhjyem? olwdkY tusdK;
pD;yGm;umuG,fwm uRefawmfwkdYbmomuRefawmfwdkY qHk;jzwfw,f/ uRef
awmfwkdY vkyfykdifcGifhawGvnf; trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ 'gu wpfykdif;/ odkYaomf
vnf; wpfc&k w
dS mu aiGaMu;oH;k pGrJ t
I ykid ;f u 'g tjyeftvSef xde;f ausmif;
wJhoabm&Sdw,f/ omoema&;qdkif&muvnf; Mo0g'xm;w,fqdkwm
omoema&;qdkif&mtqHk;tjzwfawGukd a*gyuu rcRwfacsmfoGm;atmif
'g Mo0g'p&d,awGu Mo0g'ay;w,f/ vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;eJYywfoufvkdY

omoema&;rSL;awG&Sdw,f/ jynfe,fomoema&;rSL;? nTefcsKyftxd tp

&Sdonfjzifh/ 'gawGukd qifhuJqifhuJ wifjyoGm;jcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;&JU
tbufbufu zGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf&mwdk;wufaMumif;qdkwmawGukd ajymEdkif
wmyg/
ar;/ / a*gyutzGJU 0efxrf; payment tyk d i f ; /
ajz/ / uRefawmfwkdYu tckqdk&if 0efxrf;tiftm;u ,cifu rdk;wGif;
rdk;&moDrSm 0efxrf;tiftm;ukd enf;enf;csKHUw,f/ NyD;cJhwJhESpfu pNyD;
'DrmS &Sw
d t
hJ iftm;ukd vkycf sifwo
hJ u
l kd wm0eftjynfah y;w,f/ tjynfah y;wJh
ae&mrSmvnf; uRefawmf bmqdv
k w
dk mvJqakd wmh rd;k wGi;f vkyv
f nf; uk,
d hf
bk&m;rSm tcsdefjynfhvkyfwJhtwGufaMumifhrdkY bk&m;tusdK;wdk;wuf&m? wdk;
wufaMumif;ukd tifjynft
h m;jynfv
h yk w
f mjzpfygw,f/ tckvnf;yJ aEG&moD
a&mufvmwJt
h cgusawmh vdt
k yf&ifawmh xyfac:r,f/ xyfac:NyD; wm0ef
ay;cefo
Y mG ;r,f/ odaYk omfvnf;yJ 'D0efxrf;awGeyYJ wfoufNyD;awmh axmuf
yHah Mu;taetxm;uawmh b,fvjkd zpfovJqakd wmh jynfaxmifpk tpd;k &
axmufyHhovdkyJ tqifhvkduftqifhvdkuf&Sdygw,f/ Oyrm aeYpm;qdk&if
vnf; aeYpm;tvku
d f (2300)ayghaemf/ 'Dv &uf(30)qd&k if wpf&uf(2300)
eJY ajrmufNyD;awmht'J v
D rkd sdK;vkyaf y;w,f/ odaYk omfvnf; tNrJwrf;0efxrf;
eJY ywfoufvdkYawmh uRefawmfwkdYrSm ,m,Daqmif;aiG oHk;aomif;usyf
qkdwm uawmh tpdk;&pepftwdkif; usifhoHk;NyD;awmhay;w,f/
ar;/ / aemufwpfck uRefawmfwdkYMum;wmu ESpfaygif;oHk;q,fausmf
avmuf usKdufxD;kd;awmifay:rSm xrif;qkdifzGifhvmwJh eef;OD;qdkifukd
EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJUtpnf;wpfcku ae&m0if,lw,fvdkY Mum;w,f/ tck
aemufqHk;Mum;cJhwmu eef;OD;bufuvnf; 'gukd rauseyfbl;/ olwkdY
uvnf; tqifhqifhwdkifr,fayghaemf/ tJ'DudpawGukd a*gyutzGJUtaeeJY
usdKufxD;kd;awmifay:rSmjzpfwJhtwGuf a*gyueJY oufqdkifr,fvdkY xifyg
w,fAs/ tJ'Dudpav; b,fvdkrsm;qHk;jzwfxm;ygovJ/
ajz/ / uRefawmf 'DaeYqdkif&m aps;olaps;om;awGukd ac:xm;w,f/
ac:xm;wmrSm 'gawGukdvnf; ajymjyrSmjzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYvnf;
'Db&k m;BuD;eJyY wfoufNyD;awmh Nidr;f Nidr;f csrf;csrf; at;at;csrf;csrf;eJY bk&m;
zl;rsm; oGm;vmEdkifa&;? t"duu 'gyJvdkwmyJ/ aemufwpfckuvnf;
bk&m;BuD;&JU wdk;wuf&mwdk;wufaMumif;jzpfygw,f/ ,cifuvnf; uRef
awmfwdkY bk&m;rSm 'DudprsdK;eJYywfoufvkdY taESmiftzGJUuif;NyD;om; jzpfyg
w,f/ 'DaeYvdkusrS (88)trnfcHwJh vufwpfqkyfpmavmuf tzGJUawGu
vmaESmif,
h u
S rf ,fq&kd if uRefawmfb
h uftykid ;f uawmh tck qdik ;f bkwaf wG
axmifw,f/ 'Db&k m;&JU y&0kPef ,fajrtwGi;f rSm 'grsKd; vH;k 0rvdv
k m;bl;/
'Dupd u
dk pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;awGcsNyD; aqmif&u
G rf mS yg/ wu,fvYkd Edik if aH &;
ygwD qefqefvmvky&f ifawmh oufqikd &f mNrdKUe,faumfr&Si&f w
dS ,f? &Jpcef;
&Sdw,f? NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;tykdif;awGukd tcsdefrDwifjyrSm jzpfygw,f/
tckvnf;yJ wpfaeYutpnf;ta0;yGJwpfckukd oGm;vnf;oGm;a&m 'Dudp
awGaqG;aEG;w,f/ uRefawmfq
h v
D nf; 'Dupd a &mufvmw,f/ 'Dajcmufqikd f
cef;udp vmawmif;wJt
h cgrSm tJ'gu eef;OD;aemufausmav;rSm/ 'gawGu
tpuwnf;u tpOftvmvnf;r&Sdbl;/ ay;vnf; ray;cJhzl;awmh tck
vnf; ray;Edik b
f ;l / wpfenf;tm;jzifah jym&ifawmh 'Dae&mawmif;&ifvnf;
tawmif;cH&wJo
h u
l ol&Y UJ qEjzpfvmr,f/ 'guawmh tjyeftvSef pOf;pm;
Mu&rSm/ odkYaomfvnf; 'DudpawG wpfqifhvTJawmifrS a&mif;pm;xm;NyD;
qdkwmvnf; 'g tifwmeufrSmwifHkyJjzpfw,f/ 'g r&Sda&;awmifrS tck
qEjyaew,f/ bk&m;omoemhe,fajrxJrSm jzpfwJhudprSeforQ omoem
ndK;EGrf;aprIeJY 'g ta&;,loGm;r,f/ 'g bk&m;omoem ndK;EGrf;atmif
vkyfw,fvdkY,lqw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY ta&;,lr,f/ b,folYukdrqdk ta&;
,lr,f/ uRefawmfwdkYu 'Dudpawmh owd&Sdw,f? vkyf&Judkif&Jw,f/
xdt
Yk jyifvnf;yJ pOf;pm;zdaYk umif;wmu ygvmwJo
h al wGyjJ zpfjzpf? 'DrmS &Sw
d hJ
em;rvnfwJhol? aps;olaps;om;awGtjyif ac:vmwJholrSm acgif;yg;wm/
'Dtay:rSm tm;enf;csufawGudk tcGit
hf a&;wpfcek YJ Aef;jyNyD;awmh b,fvkd
vkyrf ,f tp&So
d nfjzifh 'Dvv
kd mpnf;H;k wmawGu tcka*gyutzGUJ taeeJY
awmfawmfajz&Sif;ae&w,f/ uRefawmf 'DaeYtpnf;ta0;rSmvnf; tJ'g
awGajymw,f/ tJ'DvdkjzpfwJhtjyif aemufwpfcku bmtusdK;rsm;ovJ?
bmtusdK;qkwf,kwfoGm;vJqdk&if bk&m;rSm tJ'DvdkIyfwm vmvkyf&if
bk&m;zl;awGwefYoGm;r,f/ tJ'g awmfawmfpOf;pm;&w,f/ bk&m;zl;
wefYw,f qdk&if aps;a&mif;aps;0,fvnf; wefYr,f? wpfavQmufvHk;
0efxrf;awGu usdKufx;D k;d rSm 'Dvykd jJ zpfaevdYk bk&m;zl;awG rvmawmhb;l
qd&k if 'g aumif;wJt
h aetxm;r[kwb
f ;l / 'grsdK; tajcwG,?f tjrpfw,
G f

wmrsdK; uRefawmfawmh vufrcHEdkifbl;/ uRefawmfvnf; vHk;0 ray;Edkif

bl;vdaYk jymvdu
k w
f ,f/ bmjzpfvv
Ykd q
J akd wmh tJ'gtjrpfw,
G rf mS aMumufvYkd
ray;wm/ 'g uRefawmfwdkY&JUoabmqEyJ/
ar;/ / 'gqdk tbukd uRefawmf wpfcsufar;csifygw,f/ 'Dudpu
awmfawmfav; ta&;BuD;ygw,fAs/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpfck usdKufxD;kd;
awmifay:rSm 'Dvdkvmvkyfw,fqdkawmh vlawGuvnf; awmfawmf
pdwf0ifpm;Muw,f/ &efukefrSm&SdwJh owif;rD'D,mawGukd ac:NyD;awmh
'Dudpukd usdKufxD;dk;a*gyutaeeJY owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJvkyfzdkY tpD
tpOf &Sdvm;/
ajz/ / wu,fvdkY vdktyfr,fqdk&ifawmh oufqdkif&m tmPmykdif tzGJU
tpnf;awG&Sdw,f/ aemuf uRefawmfwkdYBuD;MuyftzGJU&Sdr,f/ oHCmh em,
u awG&Sdr,f/ 'Dudpukd tzGJUpHka&SUrSm csjyNyD;awmh 'Dvdk? 'Dvdkawmh &Sdae
ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY xdef;&odrf;& cufygw,fvdkY vkyfzdkYvnf; tpDtpOf
&Sdw,f/ uRefawmfh ukd,fykdifqHk;jzwfcsufawmh r[kwfygbl;/ odkYaomf
ukd,fykdift& ajymr,fqdk&ifawmh 'DtpDtpOfvkyfr,f/ odkYaomf wpfck&Sd
wmu vkyfoifhwJh taetxm;ukd o[Zmwjzpfatmif Mo0g' p&d,
q&mawmfawG&Sdr,f? NrdKUe,foHCmhem,u&Sdr,f? NrdKUe,f tmPmykdif
tzGUJ tpnf;awG&rdS ,f/ 'grSvnf; uRefawmfwYkd 0dik ;f NyD;vkyMf u&r,f/ rSew
f hJ
vlukd rSefovdkvufcH&r,f/ tckvmNyD;awmhrS ukd,fusdK; pD;yGm;twGuf
bmrSr[kwfwJh'Dudpukd bk&m;&JUomoemrSm IyfIyfaxG;axG; jzpfatmif
vkyfwmudk uRefawmfawmh rav;pm;bl;? txifvnf; rBuD;bl;/
ar;/ / 'DatmufwdkbmvukefrSm usdKufxD;kd;bk&m;zGifhyGJ usif;y
r,fvkdYod&ygw,f/ tJ'DtwGuf bmawGrsm; jyifqifxm;ovJ/
ajz/ / uRefawmfwu
Ykd atmufwb
kd m (31)&ufaeYvyk zf yYkd g/ oDwiG ;f uRwf
vjynfah eYvnf; jzpfw,f/ 'guawmh ESppf OfEpS w
f ikd ;f vkyo
f mG ;rSmjzpfw,f/
tJ'DvkyfwJhae&mrSmvnf; zGifhyGJqdkayr,fh uRefawmfwkdYrSm xl;xl;axGaxG
awmh trsm;BuD;jyifqif&wmr&Syd gbl;/ bmyJvyk o
f vJqakd wmh Ak'y Zl ed,yGJ
taetxm;eJY Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfawGyifhw,f/ oufqdkif&m tmPm
ykid t
f zGUJ tpnf;awGygr,f/ NrdKUe,f? jynfe,fu wm0ef&ydS *k Kd vftcsdKUygr,f/
oDv,l? y&dwf&Gwf? vSLwmwef;wm 'gawGudkvkyfyghr,f/ wu,fhyGJBuD;
awmh uRefawmfwdkYrvkyfygbl;/
ar;/ / aemufwpfcku Edk0ifbmxJrSm bk&m;BuD;udk vHk;awmfjynfh
a&TouFef; uyfylaZmfr,fayghaemf/ 'gu oHk;ESpfwpfBudrfvkyfcJhwm/
[dkwkef;u tbwdkYyJvkyfwmrSm wpfywfavmufu ydwfxm;&w,f/
'DESpfrSmawmh zGifhay;r,fvdkYajymw,f/ trsm;jynfol ukokdvfyg0ifatmif
pDpOfxm;w,fvkdYvnf; Mum;od&ygw,f/ tJ'geJYywfoufvkdY tpDtpOf
av;ukd enf;enf; ajymjyygOD;/
ajz/
/ uRefawmfwdkYu vHk;awmfjynfhukd oHk;ESpfwpfBudrfvkyfwm
rSefygw,f/ vkyfwJhae&mrSmvnf; Edk0ifbmqdkawmh uRefawmfwdkYtcsdefukd
[dkbuf odyfuyfvdkY r&bl;/ atmufwdkbm (30)&ufrSm olu zGifhyGJaeY/
Ed0k ifbm vkyv
f u
dk w
f ,fq&kd ifvnf; 'Db&k m;zGiw
hf meJY 'D&UJ vkyif ef;u bk&m;
BuD;a&TcsNyD;qd&k if pap;uyfwmuk;d / pap;odycf sdef wpfywfavmuf,&l r,f/
jirf;awGqif&wm&Sdr,f/ jirf;qifwmNyD;oGm;awmifrS tJ'Dtay:wufzdkY
vky&f r,f/ a&Tcswt
hJ cg rvGio
hf mG ;atmif zsmawGeYJ um&r,f/ tJ't
D csed rf mS
bk&m;BuD;&JU taetxm;tukefvHk;u umxm;ovdkjzpfawmh wcsdKUwcsdKU
wdk;&pfawGu enf;enf;tm;r&jzpfw,f/ odkYaomfvnf; uRefawmfwkdYrSm
vky&f ukid &f wm 'Dvekd nf;t&awmh a&S;d;k enf;wpfcjk zpfayr,fh uRefawmfwYkd
qDrmS rvkyv
f u
Ykd vnf; r&bl;/ 'gukad wmh a&TcswJt
h ykid ;f &Srd ,f/ wpfvMum
w,fqdkwmvnf; jyefMunfhr,fqdk&if pap;odyfcsdefu wpfywfavmuf
Mumr,f/ vHk;awmfjynfhukd jyefNyD;a&Tcs&wJhtcgrSmvnf; uRrf;usifwJh
ynm&SifawGeJY a&Tcswm tenf;qHk;? trsm;qHk; wpfvMumygw,f/ tJ'D
wpfvtwGif;tNyD;vkyf&r,f/ bk&m;taetxm;u rdk;'Pfav'PfMum;
rSm &Sdaeawmha&NidawGjzpfvmw,f/ 'gukdjyefvkyfr,f/ odkYaomf vHk;awmf
jynfh tydik ;f eJyY wfoufNyD;awmh d;k d;k av;ukrP
u
D ae wm0ef,Nl yD; vSL'gef;
r,fvkdY uwday;xm;ygw,f/ wjcm;uvSLcsifwef;csifwJh a&Tqdkif;vSLMu
r,f qdk&ifvnf; 'Da&Tqdkif;awG tvSLcHNyD;awmhrS 'Da&Tqdkif;awGukd
txJxnfrh mS jzpfygw,f/ 'gu trsm;eJo
Y ufqikd w
f t
hJ ykid ;f yg/ trsm;jynfol
ukokdvfjyKyg0ifvSL'gef;wJhtydkif;yg/
ar;/ / tckvkd pdwf&Snfvuf&SnfajzMum;ay;wmaus;Zlwifygw,f/
ajz/
/ [kwfuJh uRefawmfuvnf; aus;Zl;wifygw,f/
tGefvkdif;00P
P

53

(88)rsKd;qufausmif;om;acgif;aqmif ukdrif;ukdEkdif\ a&T&wkESpf(50)jynfharG;aeYtrSwfw&tjzpf

xdefvif;(tcrJh)ukokdvfjzpfaq;cef;qkdif;bkwfwifyGJokdY uGefysLwmrsm;vSL'gef;

jrefrmbD,mrS aiGusyfodef;aygif; (36000)

ykvif;tzH;k wGif uHprf;rJpwif

jrefrmbD,monf aps;uGuftwGif;odkY pwifrdwfqufcJhonfh

(1997)ckESpfrSp bD,maomufoHk;olrsm;\ ESpfNcdKufpGm tm;ay;rI
aMumifh ,aeYtcsdeftxd aps;uGuf a0pka&mif;tm;rsm;qHk;&&SdcJhonfh
bD,mjzpfonf/

&efukef? atmufwkdbm(18)
&efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;? '*Hkqdyfurf;NrdKUe,f? ,kZeO,smOfNrdKUawmf?
ydawmufvrf; (B)bavmuf&Sd ]]xd e f v if ; }}}}(tcrJh)ukokdvfjzpfaq;cef;
qkdif;bkwfwifyGJESifh(tcrJh)uGefysLwmoifwef;zGifhyGJokdY (88)rsKd;quf
ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif rif;ukEd idk rf S ol\ a&T&wkarG;aeYtrSww
f &tjzpf
(tcrJh)uGefysLwmoifwef;ukd pwifwnfaxmifzGifhvSpfvdkufaMumif; od&
onf/
tqkdygarG;aeYyGJwGif ukdrif;ukdEkdifESifh kyf&Sifokyfaqmif ajywDOD;?
pma&;q&mr a':oef;jrifah tmifwu
Ydk trSww
f &trSmpum;rsm; ajymMum;
cJhonf/
(88)rsKd;qufausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrif;ukdEkdifu]]uRefawmfarG;aeY
trSwfw&tjzpf tvSL(4)ckukd vkyfaqmifcsifygw,f/ (1) aoG;vSLwJh
toif;tzGJUwpfzGJU zGJUcsifygw,f? (2)yef;csDum;rsm;a&mif;&wJhaiGukd
]]xd e f v if ; }}
}}(tcrJh)ukokdvfjzpfaq;cef;okdYvSL'gef;csifygw,f?
(3)
uGeyf sLwm (10)vH;k ESi(hf 4)pmtkyrf sm;ukv
d LS 'gef;csifygw,f}}[kajymMum;cJNh yD;
aoG;vSLjcif;ESifhywfouf ]]aoG;vSL&Sifwpfa,muf[m vlukHwH wpf
a,mufjzpfzrYdk vkyd gbl;/ ynmwwfwpfa,mufjzpfzrYdk vkt
d yfygbl;/ pdw&f if;
apwemaumif;zkdYeJY rdrdaoG;oefY&Sif;w,fqkdwmukdyJ odzkdYvkdygw,f/
'gaMumifh uRefawmfah rG;aeYtrSww
f &tjzpf aoG;vSLwJt
h zGUJ wpfzUJG ukzd UJG csif
ygw,f/ 'g[m wufa&mufvmMuwJh y&dowfawG&JUtvSLvnf;jzpfyg
w,f/ ukd,fEkdifwmav;awGpwifNyD; ukd,fh&JUrsKd;qufawG? tem*wfawG
vSyzkdYtwGuf pkaygif;vkyfaqmifay;yg}}[kajymMum;cJhonf/
qufvufNyD; a':oef;jrifhatmifrS (88)rsKd;qufausmif;om;acgif;
aqmif ukdrif;ukdEkdiftwGuf ]]uRefrarmifav; rif;ukdEkdif arG;aeYaygif;
rsm;pGmukd jzwfausmfNyD; touf&mausmf&Snfygap? jynfolvlxktwGuf

'DhxuftusKd;jyKEkdifygap? ]]xd e f v if ; }}
}}aq;cef; pwifarG;zGm;cJholrsm;?
t&SnfwnfwHhatmif vkyfaqmifaeolrsm;ukdvnf; 'Dhxufru y&[dw
vkyfief;rsm;ukd vkyfaqmifEkdifygap}}[k qkawmif;ay;cJhonf/
kyf&SifokyfaqmifajywDOD;rS ]]y&dowfBuD;ukd 'Dvkdcspfcspfcifcif?
&if;&if;ESD;ESD; awGUqHk&wm t&rf;0rf;omygw,f/ 'DaeYyGJ[m y&[dw
vkyfief;wpfckukd pwiftaumiftxnfazmfwJhyGJav;yg/ vlawG[m aeY
wkdif; pm;0wfaea&;eJY kef;uefvIyf&Sm;NyD; aoqHk;oGm;r,fqkd&if b0[m
t"dyg,fr&Sdygbl;/ 'ghaMumifh rdbukdaus;Zl;qyfNyD; ukd,fh&JUtcsdefykdif;av;
awGudk y&[dwvkyif ef;rsm;twGuf toH;k csMur,fq&dk ifb0[m t"dyg ,f
&Sdvmr,f,lqygw,f}}[kajymMum;cJhygonf/
aEGOD;tvSESvHk;om;yef;csDjyyGJa&mif;&aiG (620000)usyfukd
]xdefvif;}}}}(tcrJ)h ukov
]]xd
dk jf zpfaq;cef;okYd vSL'gef;cJNh yD; uGeyf sLwm(10)vH;k
ESifhpmtkyfrsm;ukd uav;rsm;twGuf t"duOD;wnfvSL'gef;cJhonf/
kyf&SifokyfaqmifajywDOD;u vSL'gef;cJhwJh aiGig;odef;tygt0if zGifhyGJ
wufa&mufvmMuaom y&dowfrsm;rS pkpkaygif;vSL'gef;aiG odef;(20)
0ef;usif&&SdcJhaMumif; ]]xd e f v if ; }}}}(tcrJh)ukokdvfjzpfaq;cef;rS wm0ef&Sd
olwpfOD;u vQyfwpfjyuf*sme,fokdYajymjyonf/
]]xd e f v if ; }}}}(tcrJh)ukokdvfjzpfaq;cef;ukd '*HkNrdKUopf(qdyfurf;)
NrdKUe,f? (94)&yfuGuf? ,kZeO,smOfNrdKUawmfwGif (16?5?2012)&ufrS
pwifum atmufyg&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jzifh ajymif;zGifhvSpfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
(u) qif;&JEGrf;yg;aomjynfolvlxk\tajccHusef;rma&;vkdtyfcsufukd
jznfh qnf;ay;Ekdif&ef? (c)y&[dwvkyfief;rsm; zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufvmap&ef?
(*) jynfov
l x
l t
k wGuf usef;rma&;todynmwd;k wufap&efEiS hf rvkv
d m;
tyfaom toufqHk;IH;rIrsm;rjzpfay:ap&efwkdYjzpfygonf/
]]xdefvif;}}}}aq;cef;ukd usef;rma&;ukpd w
d 0f ifpm;aom vli,f(9)OD;rS
pwifwnfaxmifcJhNyD; trIaqmiftm;vHk;onf tcaMu;aiGr,lbJ
apwem0efxrf;tjzpf ulnaD qmif&u
G af y;vsuf&adS Mumif;? ukornfv
h el m
rsm;ukd wHkuifpepfjzifh vlrsKd;bmomra&G;? qif;&Jcsrf;omra&G; ukoay;
vsuf&SdNyD; wpf&ufvQif vlem(50)OD;cefY ukoay;vsuf&SdaMumif;? oHCm
awmfrsm;? oDv&Sifrsm;ESifh touf(80)ausmf oufBuD;&G,ftkdrsm;tm;
wHkuifwef;pDp&mrvkdbJ >cif;csuftaejzifh xm;&SdNyD; ukoay;vsuf&Sd
aMumif; ema&;ulnrD t
I oif;(&efuek )f Ou| OD;ausmfow
l zYdk iG v
hf pS x
f m;aom
]]ok c }}}}ukokdvfjzpfaq;cef;ESifhvnf; csdwfqufNyD; usef;rma&;udprsm;
ykdrkdaqmif &GufEkdifa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;vsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/
pkd;pHxdkuf

jrefrmbD,monf urmhtqifhbD,mNydKifyGJBuD;wGif a&TwHqdyf

aygif;(14)ckudk qGwfcl;&,lEkdifcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh jrefrmbD,monf
t&nftaoG;ESihf tqift
h wef;tpOf jrifrh m;ap&efBudK;pm;aqmif&u
G f
vsuf&Sdonf[kod&onf/ (2007)ckESpfwGif jrefrmbD,m\ trSwf
wHqdyfopfudk yxrtBudrfajymif;vJqef;opfrdwfqufcJhonf/

,ck (2012)ckESpfwGif jrefrmbD,m\ trSwfwHqdyftopfudk

yxrtBudrf ajymif;vJqefopfrdwfqufyGJudk (17?10?2012)&uf?
nae(6)em&Du &efukefNrdKU? uefawmfBuD; u&0dwfO,smOfurm&Sd
u&0dwfeef;awmfcef;rwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf
vmaomaps;uGufvdktyfcsufESifhtnD arQmfrSef; EkdifiHwumtqifhrD
xkwyf ;dk rIypkH EH iS hf trSww
f q
H yd w
f u
Ykd kd vuf&adS &mif;csaomaps;EIe;f ajymif;
vJjcif;r&SdbJ pwifrdwfqufvdkuf jcif;jzpfonf/

onfhtjyif ta&mif;jrifhwifjcif;tpDtpOftjzpf (17?10?2012)

&ufrS (17?2?2013)&uftxd usyfodef;aygif;(36000)zdk; ykvif;tzHk;
wGif;uHprf;rJtpDtpOfudk aps;uGuftwGif;odkY rdwfqufay;vdkufjcif;
jzpfonf/ tzHk;wGif;uHprf;rJrsm;rSm usyfodef;(50)? usyf(10)odef;?
usyf(1)odef;? jrefrmbD,mwpfykvif;? usyfwpfaxmif? usyf(500)?
usyf(200)wdkYudkxnfhoGif;ay;xm;onf[kod&onf/ qkvJvS,fay;
aomqdkif&SifBuD;rsm;ESifh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;twGufvnf; xyfaqmif;
txl;tpDtpOfrsm;pDpOfxm;onf[kod&onf/ qkrJrsm;udk (17?3?
2013)txd vJv,
S af y;oGm;rnf[o
k &d onf/
KZY

54

yef;csDrsKd;nGecfh if&'JU kwd,tBudrfwpfukd,fawmfyef;csDjyyGJ

Clear Mind

yef;csDrsKd;nGefYcif&JU 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf wpfukd,fawmfyef;csDjyyGJukd

trSwf 17? tcef;8? e0a';vrf;? '*kHNrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKUrSmzGifhvSpfxm;wJh
Nawaday Allery Gallery rSm 23?10?2012 &ufuae 30?10?2012&uf
txd cif;usif;jyoxm;rsmjzpfygw,f/ jyyGJemrnfukd Clear Mind
vkdYtrnfay;xm;NyD; wkdif;&if;om;kd;&mtursm;? wkdif;&if;om;rsm;&JUvlrI
b0rsm;?jrefrmhkd;&mupm;p&mrsm;ukd a&;qGJjyoxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ jyo
csdeu
f awmh aeYpOf eHeuf(9)em&Duae nae(5)em&Dtxdyg/
HTA

tcef;qufuAsm&Snf

igUpkAl; - 5
,cif t ywf r S t quf

uRrf;bm; qyfuyfawG
rsufvSnfhawG
jyZmwfawG
rNiD;cJhbl;/ rNyD;cJhbl;/
avmuBuD;[m rNyD;qkH;bl;/
tifwmeuf? 0ufbfqkduf? azhpfbkwfacwfa&muf/
uRefawmfwkdY[m yGJMunfh&OD;rSmyJrkdY
&ifckefvkdY
yGJMunfh&OD;rSmyJrkdY
(a&S U wpf y wf q uf z wf y g&ef )
&ifckefvkdY/ /
atmifcsdrfh

7 Budrfajrmuf a&eHacsmif;NrKdYe,f? yef;csDjyyGJ

24?10?2012&ufuae 28?10?2012&uftxd AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;

aps;ta&SUzufwef;rSm&SdwJh jrefrmEkdifiHkd;&myef;ynm&Sifrsm; tpnf;tkH;
(A[kd)yef;ynm&Sifrsm;tpnf;tkH;(A[kd)yef;csDjycef;rSm a&eHacsmif;NrdKUe,f
yef;csDjyyGJukdcif;usif;jyorSmjzpfygw,f/ a&eHacsmif;NrdKUe,fyef;csDjyyGJrSm
a&eHacsmif;om; yef;csDq&mrsm;jzpfMuwJh ykdifpkd;? wifatmif? pef;&if?
Mwifne
G ?Yf jrifph ef;?0if;Munf?ausmfpmG oef?Y jrwfausmfacgif?[efped ?f vSxP
G ;f ?
jrifhxl;? atmifolNidrf;? tkef;jrifh[ef?B -uH?jrifhaZmfOD;eJYoef;jrifhatmifwkdY&JU
a&aq;?qDaq;?tckdif;vpfvuf&mrsm;ukd pkpnf;jyoMurSmjzpfygw,f/
jyocsdefuawmh wevFmaeYuvGJvkdY aeYpOf eHeuf(9)em&Duae nae(5)
em&Dtxdyg/
HTA

uRefawmfh oli,fcsif;awGqkdawmh
'D [ mavmuf a wmh taysmh a ygh /
um;uvnf; awmfawmfeJY
pm&G u f u k d , l N yD ; csuf c sif ; a&;
ay:rvmwmrd k Y [d k a vQmuf
vku
d yf gw,f/ uRefawmf[
h eftwkid ;f
avQmuf 'DavQmufavQmufeaYJ ygh/
rif j cpf c yf M urf ; Murf ; yJ a ygh / uRef
aemuf um;vmawmh uRefawmf
awmfykHa&;aewmukdMunfhNyD; tJ'D
um;ay:udk tajy;wufvkdufyg
&Ju ukd,fhvla&;wm jrefvS csnf
w,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm uRefawmfh
vm; jznf;jznf;ayghw/hJ uRefawmfu
aemufuvlwpfa,mufuyfwuf
jrefjrefa&;rSjzpfr,f/ uRefawmf ykH
vd k u f w mud k owd x m;rd v d k u f
ukd jrefjrefa&;NyD;rS cifAsm;wkdY uRef
ygw,f/ 'gayrJh uRefawmf bm
awmfhukdvTwfr,f/ cifAsm;wkdYjrefjref
od b momyJ aevd k u f y gw,f /
vTwfrS uRefawmftdrfukdapmapm
um; py,f,mvmawmh um;
a&mufr,f/apmapma&mufrS xrif;
py,f,mudk urmat;bk&m;vrf;
apmapmcsufEkdifrSmvkdY ajymjyvkduf
qdkNyD; jym;(40)xkwfay; vkdufyg
w,f / uRef a wmf q G J a ewJ h y k H u k d
w,f / um;py,f , muvnf ;
Munf h v k d u f ? uRef a wmf h u k d Munf h
uRefawmfhukd jym;(40)wef um;
vkdufeJYvkyfaeygw,f/ odyfrMum
vufrSwfwpfapmif xkwfay;yg
cifrSmyJ *kPfkHatmufrSm vrf;ab;
w,f/ um;u ql;avbk&m;udk
aps;onfawGukd *VKefvkdufzrf;ae
ywfNyD; wdk;&pfbm;rm;a&SU rSwf
wJhykHNyD;oGm;ygw,f/ tJ'D tcsdefrSm
wdkifa&mufawmh um;&yfNyD; vl
tJ ' D & J u uRef a wmf h u k d u Ref a wmf h
xyfac:ygw,f/ vlwifNyD; um;
&JUae ykHxkdifykH0wfykHpm;ykHukd pajym
txGurf mS wif uRefawmfh aemuf
ygw,f/ rif;ykHpHu qHyif&Snf&Snf?
u ygvmwJhvlu uRefawmfhudk
0wfpm;xm;wm yko
d b
D wfoeD YJ igwkYd
olU0efxrf;u'f xkwfjyNyD; uRef
txif v G J c sif p &m? rsuf p d u scsif
awmfhudk um;ay:u qif;apyg
p&mjzpfaew,f/ qHyifwkdwkdnyf?
w,f/ uRefawmfuvnf; um;
t0wf tpm;ukd oyfoyf&yf&yf0wf
vufrSwfzkd;u twdtusyJ&Sdwm
ayghuGm? rif;ykHpHu cg;ykdufEIduf
rdkY um;vufrSwfudk axmifjyNyD;
avmuf a wmif rom;em;bl ; wJ h /
uRefawmfhudk jyefvTwf&if um;c
uRefawmf tpykdif; pdwfxJrSm bmrS
jyefay;&r,fvdkY uwdwpfck &,l
rjzpfygbl;/aemufqkH; ajymvkdufwJh
xm;vk d u f y gw,f / aemuf
pum;usrS uRef a wmf v nf ;
usKyu
f usKyu
f ,
dk u
f sKyf cg;yku
d Ef u
dI x
f uf om;em;atmif? oyf&yfatmifqNdk y;D pdwfcsOfaygufoGm;ygw,f/ usKyf
ajcmufxyfkH;em;ta&muf um;
rD;yGdKifhtrdrSm uRefawmfwdkY um;
*kpu
dk Nf y;D 0wfpm;aewmr[kwb
f ;l &Sw
d mav;eJh vSatmif0wfwt
UJ aetxm;avmufy&J dS u usKyfukd,fusKyf cg;ykdufEIduf
ay:u qif;vkdufygw,f/ olu
w,f/ qHyif&n
S w
f m?t0wftpm; yko
d yD wfo0D wfwwfwm?abmif;bD&n
S 0f wfwm? xuf o m;em;atmif ? oyf & yf
uRefawmfhudk aq;vdyfaomuf
atmifqkdNyD; *kpkdufNyD; 0wfpm;ae
'gawG[m cifAsm;wkYd twGuf rsupf u
d sp&m 'kpku
d o
f rm;wpfa,mufvYdk xifaumif;xif wmr[k w f b l ; / &S d w mav;eJ Y
ovm;vdkYar;NyD; 'l;,m;wpfvdyf
Ekid yf gw,f/ usKyu
f ,
dk f uvnf; 'gy&J v
dS 'Ydk gy0J wfxm;wmyg/
wdkufygw,f/ uRefawmfvnf;
vS a tmif 0 wf w J h t aetxm;
olay;wJh aq;vdyfudk,l&if; rD;
avmufyJ&Sdw,f/ qHyif&Snfwm?
jcpfiSm;NyD; aq;vdyfaomuf&if;oleJU vkdufvmcJhygw,f/ olUtaeeJY uRef t0wftpm; ykdoDywfoD0wfwwfwm? abmif;bD&Snf0wfwm? 'gawG[m
awmfhudk eHygwfzdk;orm;wpfa,mufvdkY xifaew,fwlyg&JU/ olxif cifAsm;wkdYtwGuf rsufpdusp&m 'kpkduform;wpfa,mufvkdY xifaumif;
r,fqdkvnf; xifavmufp&m uRefawmfhykHpHu ydefydefyg;yg; qHyifzdk;dk; xifEkdifygw,f/ usKyfukd,fuvnf; 'gyJ&SdvkdY 'gyJ0wfxm;wmyg/ cifAsm;
zm;,m; tustuGufBuJBuJeJU ta&miftqif;r&SdawmhwJh *sif;abmif;bD wkdY rsufpduscsifp&mjzpfcsifjzpfr,f/ 'gayrJh t0wftpm;qkdwm vlY&JU
udk;dk;um;,m;eJYrkdYvm;? 'gayrJh uRefawmfudk,fhudk,fudk,f pOf;pm;Munfh pdwfukd xif[yfrjyEkdifygbl;/ tckvkd uRefawmfaexkdif0wfpm;aeay
w,f/ igw&m;cHwpfa,mufvm;/ r[kwfbl;/ w&m;cH wpfa,muf rJv
h nf; vlwpfzufom;Opmukd ck;d ,l?EIu
d ,
f zl pYdk w
d ef aYJ wmif rjypfrmS ;cJzh ;l bl;/
r[kwfbl;/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfeYJtwlygvmwJh t&yf0wfeJY&Judk um;iSm;zdkY vrf;rSmuswJhykdufqHawmif aumuf,l&ifawmif ykdif&SifrodbJ,lwmrkdY
ajymygw,f/ olUykHpHu b,fvdk0wfpm;xm;xm; 'Dtem;ywf0ef;usifu tjypfjzpfw,fqkdwJhtod uRefawmfhrSm&Sdygw,f/
olUudk &Jqw
kd m odaewmyJ/ olet
YJ wlygvmwJh uRefawmfyh pHk u
H tvdv
k akd e
uRefawmfv
h dk qHyif &Sn&f n
S ?f t0wftpm;zkzd &J0wfxm;wJh vlrsKd;ukd
&if; w&m;cHjzpfraeaybl;vm;/ 'Dawmhum;iSm;zkdYajymaecsdefrSmyJ av;bD; omcifAsm;wkdY vlvdrf? Murf;ykd;? olckd;vkdYxifNyD; zrf;csifMuwm? *wkH;qH
wpfpD; uRefawmfwkdYab; jzwfarmif;vmwmaMumifh tqifoifh um;iSm; awmufqHyifeJYaumfvH*wkH;eJYyefumatmuf rSmrdefYrdefYBuD;xdkifNyD; ckd;wJh
vkdufygw,f/ um;ay:a&mufwJh tcsdefrSmvnf; uRefawmfhukd aq;vdyf olckd;rsKd;ukdawmh cifAsm;wkdYrzrf;Ekdifbl;r[kwfvm;vkdY ajymypfvkdufw,f/
taMumif;yJ xyfar;aejyefygw,f/ uRefawmfhukdaq;orm;? eHygwfzkd; 'Dtcg &Jpcef;ukd taMumif; trsKd;rsKd;eJYa&mufaewJhvlawGu vufckyf
orm;vkYd xifae[efwyl g&JU/ uRefawmfrh mS aq;cszkaYd eaeomom eHygwfz;dk vuf 0 g;wD ; NyD ; wu,f h a umif e J Y a wmh a wG U aeNyD a [h v k d Y rMum;Ek d ; em;
cszkdYaeaeomom xrif;pm;zkdYawmif tEkdifEkdifqkdwm olrod&Smygbl;/ ajymaeMuygawmh w ,f / tJ ' D a emuf u Ref a wmh u k d v G , f t d w f j yef a y;NyD ;
ql;avapwDukdywfNyD;wmeJY &Jpcef;a&SUukd a&mufygNyD/ ausmufwHwm; [kdbuftcef;rSm pcef;rSL;&Sdw,f/ oleJYoGm;awGUNyD;jynfhayghvkdY ajymvkdufyg
&Jpcef;? &Jpcef;a&SUa&mufwmeJY uRefawmfv
h ,
G t
f w
d u
f u
dk idk Nf yD; uRefawmfu
h dk w,f/
aemufuae wGef;csvkdufygw,f/ (riSm;csifiSm;csif iSm;vkduf&wJh um;c
uRefawmfvnf;pcef;rSL;tcef;xJ0ifoGm; NyD; pcef;rSL;eJYawGUygw,f/
twGufxifyg&JU) tJ'DtcsdefrSm uRefawmfuatmufukd a&mufoGm;NyD; pcef;rSL;BuD;u uRefawmfhukdtaetxkdifqifjcifzkdY t0wf tpm;oyfoyf
vG,ftdwfuawmh olYvufxJrSm usef&pfcJhygw,f/ aemuf uRefawmfhukd &yf&yf0wfzkdY qHyifnyfzkdYawG ajymNyD;xkH;pHtwkdif; igwkdYjynfolY&JawGqkdwm
tcsKyfxJ xnfhxm;vkdufygawmhw,f/ olwkdYuRefawmfh vG,ftdwfxJukd jynfolawGukd tultnDay;zkdYzGJUpnf;xm;wmyg/ vkdtyfwJhtultnD&Sd
&SmazGarTaESmufygvdrfhr,f/ 'gayrJh uRefawmfhvG,ftdwfxJrSm uavmif? &ifvmcJhyg/ tcsdefra&G;ulnDygr,fqkdwJh Mo0g'a>cNyD; uRefawmfhukdjyef
rift;dk ? uGeyf g? cJweH YJ pmrlwcsKdUomawGU&wJt
h wGuf olUtzkYd rSe;f csufeEYJ rS ;f vTwfvkdufygawmhw,f/
xGuf rukduf&Smygbl;/ cPaeawmh uRefawmfhukd tcsKyfcef;xJuae
tJ'Daemuf uRefawmfvnf; &Jpcef;xJu jyefxGufvmcJhygw,f/
xkwfvkdufygw,f/ NyD;awmh wm0efus&J&JUa&SUukd xkdifapygw,f/ olu 'gayrJh pdwfxJ rSmawmh wpfckckvkdaewmukd cHpm;vkdufygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
uRefawmfhukd bmtvkyfvkyfovJ vkdY ar;wJhtcg uRefawmfu uRef uRefawmfvnf; &Jpcef;xJukd jyef0ifvkdufygw,f/ tapmifh&Jabmfu
awmfyef;csDq&mwpfa,mufjzpfwJh taMumif;? r*Zif;awGrSm okyf ar;awmh uRefawmfpcef;rSL;eJYawGUcsifvkdYyg vkdYajymNyD;0ifcJhvkdufygw,f/
azmfyef;csDa&;wJhtaMumif; ajymjy ygw,f/ 'gayrJh olu 'DavmufeJY pcef;rSL;tcef; xJa&mufawmh pcef;rSL;u [aumif rif; bmjzpfvkdYjyef
rNyD;ao; bl;As/ rif; 'Dvkdajymawmh ,kH&rSmvm;wJh/ uRefawmfuvnf; vmwmvJwJh/ uRefawmfu apmapmupcef;rSL;BuD;ajymcJhygw,f/ igwkdY
uRefawmf yef;csDq&mjzpfw,fqkdwJh taMumif; &Jpcef;eJYrsufESmcsif; jynfolY&JawGqkdwm jynfolawGukd tultnDay;zkdYzGJUpnf;xm;wJhtzGJU
qkdifrSm&SdwJh jr0wDr*Zif;wkduf? aiGwm&D r*Zif;wkdufukd zkef;qufar; tpnf;yg/ vdktyfwJhtcsdefvmcJhygvkdYajymvkdufygw,f/ tJ'gtck uRef
MunfhzkdY? yef;csDq&mvSxGPf;atmif qkdwm&Sdovm;? ykHoPmef b,f awmftultnDvkdvkdYjyef0ifvmwmyg/ tck uRefawmfhrSm vrf;p&dwfr&Sd
vkd&SdovJtp&Sdojzifh ar;Munfh&if odEkdifaMumif; ajymjyygw,f/ 'gay ygbl;/ um;cray;bJ wufpD;oGm;&if uRefawmf'Dukdjyefa&mufvmyg
rJh olu 'Dvkdvnf; r[kwfjyefbl;/ 'Dvkdajymawmh igwkdYu ,kH&rSmvm; vdrfhr,f/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfhukd vrf;pm;&dwfav; tultnDay;ygvkdY
wJh/ 'Dawmhvnf; uRefawmfhrSm 'DvkdrvkyfvkdY b,fvkdvkyfcsifwmvJ ajymNyD; pcef;rSL;BuD;qDu vrf;pm;&dwjf ym;av;q,fawmif;vku
d f ygw,f/
vkdYar;kHuvGJvkdYuRefawmfhrSm pum;&SmrawGUawmhygbl;/ 'Dawmh rif; tJ'Dtcg pcef;rSL;u tdwfxJukd vufEIdufarTaESmufNyD; tdwfxJu
ykHqGJjywJh/ &w,f/ yef;csDq&myJAsm/ ykHqGJjy&wm avmufawmhat;aq; vufxGufvmwJhtcsdefrSmawmh olYvufxJrSm rwfaphav;wpfaphyg
yg/ uRefawmf olq
Y u
D pm&Gu?f wpf&u
G ef YJ abmvfyifawmif;vku
d f ygw,f/ vmygw,f/
NyD;awmh uJbmykHqGJjy&rvJ ajymqkdawmh/ tJ'Dumvu vrf;ab;aps;
onfawGukdzrf;wJh *VKeftzGJUqkdwm &Sdw,fAs/ uRefawmfhukd qGJckdif;wJhykHu
*kPfkyf&SifkHatmufrSm a&mif;aewJh vrf;ab;aps;onfawGukd *VKefu
vkdufzrf;aewJhykHwJhav/ uRefawmfu *kPfkHab;u a&Tvrif; vufzuf
&nfqkdifrSm aeYwkdif;eD;yg;xkdifaeus vrf;ab;aps;onf wcsKdUuvnf;
aSYwpfywfqufzwfyg&ef
,cif t ywf r S t quf