NORSK OFFSHOREDAG 2005

LNG MOTTAKSTERMINALER av

26 Mai 2005

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The Moss Technologies

Moss Maritime:
A leader in Maritime Technology
More than 30 years of experience in designs of a variety of ships and offshore platforms

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LNG/LPG Technology
Moss Maritime
A Leader in Maritime Gas Technology Moss Maritimes Gas Carriers have been licensed worldwide for nearly 3 decades and have a leading position in the market
LNG FPSO Moss LNG Carrier LNG FPSO

LPG Carrier LNG IMPORT TERMINAL LPG FSO

CRYOGENIC TRANSFER SYSTEM

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Offshore LNG Facilities

PRODUCTION LIQUEFACTION EXPORT TERMINALS SHIPPING REGASIFICATION RECEIVING TERMINALS Cryogenic cavern FLNG Export terminal Jetty, Onshore Receiving Terminal

Gravity Base Structure Receiving terminal LNG carriers

FSRU Large capacity purpose-built Receiving terminal FLNG Export terminal

FSRU Converted carrier Receiving terminal

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Floating LNG receiving terminal

FSRU - Floating Storage & Re-gasification Unit

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Floating LNG Receiving Terminal

DRIVERS FOR OFFSHORE LNG
Cost Competitive cost in number of areas Environmental Strong environmental lobby amongst local communities against onshore facilities (e.g. US East Coast, California, Baja California, Italy) No environmental impact on shore line Security and safety Remote from inhabitants, hence consequences of accident limited Contain or lower risk arising out of terrorist threat post 9/11 Regulatory Planning / permitting may be shorter for offshore facilities In the US for example, permitting for offshore facilities falls under US Coast Guard rather than FERC. US Coast Guard decisions made within a year
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NIMBY

Floating LNG Receiving Terminal

LNG FSRU - WHY?
Potential LNG FSRU Typical land-based terminal

A floating LNG receiving terminal is hard to notice from shore. Break-water and turning basin required
The NIMBY* and BANANA* issues can be handled!
* NIMBY * BANANA
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- Not In My Back Yard - Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anything

Floating LNG Receiving Terminal

LNG FSRU - WHAT IS IT?
The FSRU is a steel mono-hull with: LNG storage tanks Re-gasification plant
MOORING

Crew facilities with control room and utility machinery Moored with an external turret, soft yoke arrangement or STL for free weather-vaning Gas send-out line arranged through the mooring system down to the seabed and from there directly to the shore manifold LNG Carriers berthing side-by-side for offloading
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Floating LNG Receiving Terminal

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
Well proven technology in all respects Inherently safe High reliability & redundancy Simple Easy to maintain Design life of 40 years for hull and LNG tanks

ADVANTAGES
No environmental impact on shore line High degree of safety Fabricated in shipyard Significant overall cost savings (Capex) Early import of gas and early revenue No real estate cost and no reduction in real estate value Relocation possibility Pipe lines and cables can be landed in the best location with respect to existing infrastructure

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Floating LNG Receiving Terminal

LNG Containment Systems

SPB (IHI)

MOSS Spherical

GTT Membrane

Only two LNG Carriers of this type in operation No filling restrictions Extensive internal structural stiffeners Prone to structural fatigue Questionable if subjected by sloshing
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Long experience from LNG carriers Excellent track record Not affected by sloshing No filling restrictions No internal stiffeners Excellent fatigue properties No modifications to containment system needed for use as FSRU
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Long experience from LNG carriers Good track record Affected by sloshing Filling restrictions

Floating LNG Receiving Terminal

SLOSHING PHENOMENA

No problem.

The sloshing phenomena occur when the ship motions coincide with the natural frequency of the liquid motion in the tanks. The build-up of violent motion is due to frequency, not amplitude.
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The sloshing phenomena takes place in partially filled tanks. A floating LNG Terminal is always partially filled.

Floating LNG Receiving Terminal

SHIP-TO-SHIP OFFLOADING

Single point mooring Weather vaning Tug assisted berthing Position monitoring system Ship-to-ship cargo offloading started almost 30 years ago in US waters About 850 lightering operations annually in GOM Major lightering operations on US West Coast Safety record is excellent
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Floating LNG Receiving Terminal

SHIP-TO-SHIP OFFLOADING

Operational limits (Hs) Berthing Offloading, up to Disconnection

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1.5 m 2.5 m 2.5-3.0 m

Relative motion between the LNG Terminal and Carrier are well within operability envelope of standard LNG loading arms in use today

Floating LNG Receiving Terminal

SHIP-TO-SHORE LNG PIPE LINE

Storage Tanks

Vaporizers

Mooring Turret

Pipeline Tie-in

FSRU

Flexible Riser

PLEM

Subsea Pipeline

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Floating LNG Receiving Terminal

Emissions and Effluents
The FSRU will be designed and built to minimize harmful effects on the local environment: Use of gas instead of oil for power generation (zero particle- and SOx emissions) No flaring of gas during normal service Complete on-board sewage treatment Complete on-board waste compacting or incineration plant No chemical effluents NORMAL EMMISSIONS AND RELEASES Exhaust gas from power generation Seawater for regas plant (4 MMTPA) (normal water circulation 10,000 tons/h, temperature reduction 6.5 C) ACCIDENTAL EMISSIONS AND RELEASES Cold vent of natural gas (in case of system de-pressuration) LNG spillage during loading operation
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Floating LNG Receiving Terminal

Relevant Rules and Recommendations
Class
Offshore Service Specifications

Statutory Regulations
Safety regulations for LNG

ICLL
International Convention of Load Lines

IMO
Gas Code

SOLAS
International Convention for Safety at Sea

OCIMF
Standardization of Manifolds for LNG
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Industry Standards
(API, ASME, ISO, etc.)

SIGGTO
Society of International Gas Tankers & Terminal Operators

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FSRUs A Combination of Proven Technologies

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Floating LNG Receiving Terminal

TECHNOLOGY STATUS
Offshore LNG facilities technology has matured to a point where it enables the jump from traditional onshore to offshore facilities Floating (FPSO/FSRU) and fixed (GBS) structures, using either steel or concrete hull Wealth of knowledge from the now mature oil FPSO sector which can be transferred to FPSO/FSRU LNG facilities design and operation FRSUs currently in approval phase (Livorno, Cabrillo Port,Baja California) LNG carrier technology knowledge transfer GBS concrete receiving terminals are currently under FEED stage (Rovigo, Pelican, Baja California, Gulf of Mexico) Cryogenic storage well understood and integration not major issue
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LNG FSRU

FSRU TERMINAL
LNG storage volume 125 - 450,000 m3 Nominal gas send out 2 - 6 MMTPA / 290 - 850 MMSCFD Length 280 - 400 m Breadth 45 - 70 m Water depth 20 - 1000 m Design life 40 years
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Projects
FPSO GBS FSRU Concept, Sunrise an exception First projects starting construction 2005 (Rovigo) First shuttle & regasification vessel to be delivered (Excelerate) First carrier conversion planned (OLT Livorno) Large capacity FSRU being engineered (Cabrillo Port)

From Alaska

Offshore export terminal Offshore receiving terminals

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Existing routes New Routes

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Livorno, Converted LNG Carrier FSRU

From an existing LNG carrier
Conventional steel monohull Spherical or membrane tanks Cryogenic ship-to-shore offloading

to a converted LNG FSRU

Offloading arms for Ship-to-ship LNG transfer

Compaction of process topsides 30 x 32,5 m

FEED & PROPOSAL stage for converted FSRU by Saipem for Mediterranean sea location based on a Moss type LNG carrier

Turret integration Mooring Gas export through swivel

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For water depths > 40m typ. Fast track solutions Early gas delivery
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Livorno, Converted LNG Carrier FSRU

Mediteranean sea, 110-120 m deep FEED & PROPOSAL STAGE Benign or Harsh environmental conditions Storage: 137 000 m3 Net Capacity Availability: 360 days/year Average send-out rate: 3.2 MMTPA(0.42 BCFD) Peak send-out rate: 4 MMTPA (0.52 BCFD) Send out Gas: Nominal pressure : 85 bar g Temperature range :+0 / +20 C

4 spherical tanks External turret

65 0 65 0 6 5 0

Hull: 301 x 48 m Compacted topsides: 30 x 32,5 m Conversion schedule: 27 months

301m 26.5m

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6 5 0

6 5 0

65 0

Mediterranean LNG Power Plant

Conversion of an existing LNG carrier to a Floating Power Generation Plant in the Mediterranean Sea. Project status: 3 LNG Storage: 125,000m Applied for license from Energy Regulation Authorities Feb. 2005 Power export capacity: 240 MW Feasibility study initiated
Design Life: 20 years

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FSRU Projects in the US Market

Cabrillo Port Deepwater LNG Terminal Offshore California, USA
New build FSRU featuring MOSS spherical tanks

TAMMSA

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Cabrillo Port FSRU

Large capacity new built unit
L~290m B=65m D=31m Draft=13.2m Peak send out rate = 11.5 MTPA (1.5 BCFD) 3 x 56m Diameter Spherical LNG Tanks Permanent Bow Turret Mooring in 870m wd. LNG Storage = 275,700m3 Two 3MW Thrusters for heading control
Average send out rate = 6.2 MTPA (0.65 0.85 BCFD)

Project status: Midway through USCG approval Ongoing design verification work by Moss

New build FSRU featuring MOSS spherical tanks

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TAMMSA - Baja California

LNG Storage: 125,000m3 Normal Throughput: 2.75 BSCMY Design Throughput: 270 MMSCFD Design Life: 20 years 5 miles off the coast of Rosarito Beach Project status: Federal environmental approval Apr. 2005
Subsea manifold

Onshore Tie-in Subsea Pipeline FSRU

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Cost Envelopes for FSRUs

newbuilds

conversions

EnergyBridgeTM regasification Vessel**

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LNG FPSO for Harsh Environment

offloading

LNG storage

separation & pre-treatment

Shuttle tanker

Living quarter LNG liquefaction LPG/LEG storage Turret

LNG storage : LNG production:

180 - 250,000 m3 2 - 5 MMTPA/ 290 - 730 MSCFD

Length: Breadth: Design life:

300 - 450 m 50 - 70 m 40 years

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LNG FPSO Cryogenic Transfer System

Connection:

3.5 m significant waveheight more than 90% availability 4.5 m significant waveheight more than 95% availability 30-35 hours offloading time

Offloading: System under development

Offtake:

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Floating LNG Receiving Terminal

SUMMARY
A FSRU is a viable option to landbased LNG import terminals from both a cost effective and a risk assessment point of view No or minimal environmental impact on shallow water, shoreline, and surroundings Safety in relation to LNG spills Moss spherical tanks best suitable for FSRU

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