elx 6 K>s> 2004

No. 6 (2004)

qnoLHKLH edImIylGMpIfMnakfMng EdlmanaMgpIyUrlg

r#agbefsEKr nig PUmibaqKagtgnbefsT

eday daverwg vifardD

qbegRn edtOm"g'basaesm mhavifalyGkrsaRs
saklvifalycuLalgrN kg$gkk (befsT)
nig mIEsl ]fI GgEtl
qsni~sIf vifasanxatinbasanigGarFmnbUpabefs
kgrIs (befs$raMg)

bxaxnenAetyI fagM prI nXgU smu fesm qOetIyKagekItnPUmibaqKagtgrbs

befsT nig EdndIammatsmufnbefskmpxa (nigbefsevtNamKagtg Edlxa

GaNaeKtrbsbefskmpxak~gGtItal) LabmanfMnakfMng~aefAvijefAmkaMgpIyUrlg
NasmkehIy bEhlaMgpIsmybuerbvtimkemLH ; arNenH $nbnlfuknUvsLak
s~ammYycMnYnKagbasasaRs nig vbFmk~gPUmibaqfaMgenH ; enAk~gGtbfenH eyIgKMsUm
cgGlbgajnUvPsagKLH EdlGacxaqnoLHk~garyldogGMpIfMnakfMngfaMgenH xapiess
lkN:EKrk~gPUmibaqKagtgnbefsT ;

araMglMenADanrbs'bxaxnfaMgLayeApIEKr k~gbaqKagtgnbefsT

arNEdlPUmibaqKagtgnbefsT $nLayxaPUmibaqmYyEdlmanbxaxnniyay
basaT $nab'eBImy"agyUrbMButenAstvtrfI 13 titsilaarokpH$framkMEhg
$nEcgTa nqrsIFmraxxaskcMNuHrbs'kgsueKafy pHGgffYlsal'BgEdrTa
nqrsIFmraxenH lIeXaHxamx`mNlsikaKagpHpufsasnamkpIeaHlga ; EteyIg
minGacdog$nGMpIaraMglMenADanrbs'bxaxnTxacMnYnFMsemIm k~gPUmibaqKagtgn
befsTeLIy ; manmhaeTrsgQrax%FMmYyGg EdlnimnefAkgsueKafy amar
nimnrbspH$framkMEhg EtG~k$xpInqrsIFmraxenH Gacfak'fgxamYyG~ksueKafy
edayebIbasaEKr}basamn$n ; m"ageft enAk~gPUmibaqKagtgenH eqEtgEt
ebIGkrKm qOGkrEKr mkdl'alsmyminsUvxayUrb"unanef ; mnusEdl$nffYl
arGb'rMxMnan'xIarbs'nagKM (daverwg vifardD ) ecHGanGtbfEdlsresrxaGkr
Km ; b"uEn enAEttvmanarsikasavxavbEnm edImIdogTa etItYGkrKmEdl
eqebIenAbaqKagtgenH KuspItYGkrKmEdleqebIenAPUmbi aqdfeftnbefsT}ef?
(1)

(2)

(3)

sikSacRk 123

Sikscakr 123

elx 6 K>s> 2004

No. 6 (2004)

EBnfIfI 1 XUgsmufesm
EBnfIfI 2 eKtk~gPUmibaqKagtgnbefsT

amerwgnifanEdl$nBaypImatmYyefAmatmYyaMgpIyUrlgmkehIy bxaxnT$n
mkaMglMenADanenAbaqKagtgnbefsTalpI p.s. 1928 tvnog q.s. 1385 qO
enAeplEdlpH$fraemsUr pHeAkgsIGyuFa $nfg'vayX~HnqreXghenAbaq
KagexIg ehIy$nekrraRsfaMgLaymkxemLRsdl'baqKagtg edaybgMeqaMglMenA
DanenAnqrsIFmraxnigenAeKtdfeftenAbaqKagtg ; buEn ambsasnrbs
elak besIdD N: nqr Edlelak pinic vN?gam $nnaMmkETLg erwgenHpMuEmnxaar
pitef pIepaHmin$narfukk~gpgavarfaMgLay (pinic vN?gam 1992 : 44-45) ;
ameyablmYyeftEdl$nGagelIehtuarNKagbasasaRs (e$n 1985 : 2)
bxaxnkgsueKafy xabupVbursBalrbsbxaxnTenAPUmibaqKagtg ; am
eyablenH pH$framkMEhg$nfgvayX~HnqrsIFmrax rYcehIy$nbJJnerhpl
nigmRnIraxarxacMnYnFM mkaMglMenA}mkXrexIg ; bxaxnEdlrsenAk~gtMbnenH
$nernbasarbsmRnIraxarfaMgenH dUec~HbasasueKafy$nsaybay ; cenLaHepl
enaH basarbsbxaxnkgsIGyuFa$nsaybayefAKagexIgvij rYcmk$nxMnYsbasa
sueKafyenAbaqKagexIgnbefsT ; Et ambasavifUm~akeft eXaH zIlLr k~g
sikSacRk 124

Sikscakr 124

elx 6 K>s> 2004

No. 6 (2004)

bvtisaRs manbxaxnEdlniyaybasaT cMnYnecIn EdlmkaMgPUmiDank~gtMbn

exaynbefsT ry:epl 5 stvtrmun (zIlLr 1985 : 320) qOaMgpIstvtrfI
15 knLH xaGMLgepl 2 stvtreayepleqTa pH$framkMEhg$nfgvayX~Hnqr
sIFmrax ; amelak vieQIrI (1991 : 349-50) basaTKagtgLaymkpIbasaGyuFa
Edl$nBaymkPUmib aqKagtgbnicmg ehIybEhl$nEbbleday$nffYl
_fiplpIbasadf dUcxa mn-EKr nigmLayU xaedIm ;
k~gsmyedImdMbUg bxaxnbaqecInxamas'basak~gGMbUrbasamn-EKr ; k~gPUmibaq
KagtgnbefsT enAesssl'bxaxnKLHenH enAeKty":La aMg sl nigpflug
EckxakmtUc Edlniyayambasasedg~a ; fahrN mankmmYy eXaHTa
sak enAbefsmLayU nig egaH enAbefsT ; pakTa egaH GanTa /eg"a:/ k~gbasa
esm mannyTa savm"av $nxaeqehAxnxatiegaHy"agenH edaysareqmansk'kBaj
ab ; xnxatienHehAKLngTa manni } mni mannyTa mnus ;
enAk~gvakspbasaTKagtg man_fiplpIbasamn EteyIgtveFIVarsavxavtefA
eft edImIdogTa _fiplenHmanab'aMgpIeplNamk ; enAnqrsIFmrax manarok
cMnYnpIrEdlG~kKLH$nqitsanTasresrxabasamn EtmanmYyEdlenAsl'EtbMENktUc
qOarokvtmhaatu k~gfIrYmeKtnqrsIFmrax (bN?alyxati 1986 : 38-41) ehIymYy
eftpi$kGanNas qOarokviharepaFlga vtpHmhaatuvrmhavihar k~gfIrYmeKtnqr
sIFmrax (bN?alyxati 1986 : 112-118) ; bapxamnnarokpIrenH enAEtxaerwgqYr
sgy (e*vr 1992 : 533) ; sUmIEtmandMENlmnticNaseday amarsav
xavKagbasasaRsKLH eqTa paksamJbasaTKagtgcMnYnsamsibbaqry xapak
basamn (ehemt 1994: 101) ;
bEhlfMnak'fMngxamYybxaxnmnenHehIy Edl$nxYyBpVBaypHpufsasna
eTrvafpIsIlga enAk~gnqrsIFmrax ; PUmibaqenHxadMNak'smab'areFIVdMeNIrrvag
befs_Na cin nigexay_Qcin ; eyIgGacsnt$nTa manG~kdMeNIrpI_NaEdl
sitenAPUmibaqKagtgnbefsTenH xapiessG~kdMeNIrxatifmiL pIepaHeyIgdogTa
pYkeqmanqoHsanxMnYjenAk~gPUmibaqenH ehIymanarokxabasafmiLcMnYnpIr (esEds
1929: arokelK 26 nig 29, h&ul 1913-1914) ;
enAPUmibaqKagtgenH manxnxatiGURseNsIu dUcxaxnxaticrkxnamsmuf (TKag
tgehApYkeqTa aveL mannyTa G~ksmuf) ehIyfMngxamanxnxatimLayUBgEdr ;
man_fiplmYyeft qO_fiplrbs'mhaGMNacsIvixy EdlxaGMNacKagsmufmYy
manGtibappI s.v. fI 7 n q.s. dl' s.v. fI 14 ; nqrsIvixy man_fiplenAbaqKag
(4)

sikSacRk 125

Sikscakr 125

elx 6 K>s> 2004

No. 6 (2004)

tgnbefsTenA s.v. fI 8 ; eyIgdogpIerwgenH edaysarsilaarokvtesmaemwg

k~geKtnqrsIFmrax EdlmancuHmhaskrax 697 tvnog q.s. 775 (esEds 1989 :
334-335) ;

pakEKrk~gbasaTKagtg nig k~gsannam

k~gvisybasasaRsenAbefsT mansfab'mn-EKrmYyk~gambasaTKagtg ; eq
GaceQIjnUvvtmanrbssfab'enHk~gambasaTKagtgfaMgLay nigenAk~geXaH
sannam (eXaHfIkEnLg) ; enAk~gniekbbfT~ak'bNit Edlelak ebmiRn arvI $nar
paralpI~aM 1995 enAedtOm"g'basasaRsnsaklvifalycuLalgrN manbJIJray
pakEKrEdlmanenAk~gbasaTKagtg cMnYn 1320 pak EdlcMnYnFMmanebIEtenAk~g
basaTKagtgenHg ; pakKIfaMgenH $ncUlk~gbpnsUrspnbasaTKagtg
edayepjelj ehIynyvijEbblecInEdr ; fahrN manpaksamJKLHdUct
efAenH niyay TKagtgTa /Elg/ LaymkpIpakEKrTa ETLg ; Gkfok TKag
tgTa /mok/ LaymkpIpakEKrTa Bok ; knLHTN TKagtgTa /g"ay/ LaymkpIpak
mn-EKrTa TN ;l; pakfaMgenH pMumanefAk~gbasaesm EdleqniyayenAPUmibaq
kBalef dUec~HeyIgGacqitsan$nTa basaTKagtg$nykpIbasaEKrBal qOpMu$n
ykamry:basaesmeLIy ;
pakEKr Edlmank~gsannamnPUmibaqKagtgenH manbeyaxnpiesssmabar
savxav edayehtuTa k~gkrNIxaecIn pakfaMgenH ElgxapakEdleqebIk~gbasa
smJk~gbcbn~enHeftehIy ;
eyIgGacdogpIalsmyEdlpakfaMgenH$nxabcUlk~gbasaTKagtg y"agxak'
cas'kI minxak'cas'kI edayeFIVarvibaqs:nigpJJn: ; fahrN manpakmYy Edl
eqsresr pg EtbeJjsemLgTa /BaMg/ mannyTa Gagfok xapakmkpIbasaEKr
buraNTa tvag } tvg (EKrspVTNTa tpaMg) EdleyIgGacsegteQIjk~geXaHfI
kEnLgxaecIn EdlmanGagfok ; ebIeyIgvibaqarbeJjKl'pJJn:edImnigs: eyIg
GacdogTa pakenH TKagtg$nykpIbasaEKrmunsmyGgr$ncbefA ;
ebIeyIgsikaGMpInysannamfaMgenH eyIgeQIjTa mank~gvisyeBg pakfaMgenH
sMedAefAelIPUmisaRs rukxati stVtiran nigvbFm ;
ebIeyIgsikaGMpIsanbapnsannamfaMgenH eyIgGacrknyedImxabasaEKr$n ;
fahrN mansogmYyEdlhUrakefAk~gfenLsabsugKLa maneXaHTa /LaMM/ (hUrak
efAtgbaqEdleqehA fenLhLg mannyTa fenLFM) ; eXaHenH bEhlmkpIpakEKr
(5)

sikSacRk 126

Sikscakr 126

elx 6 K>s> 2004

No. 6 (2004)

buraNTa GMvaM pakEKrspVTNTa pam (daverwg vifardD 1999 : 29) ; fahrNmYy

eft manpakEdlsresr fHel GanTa /eL/ xapaksamJ mannyTa smuf } bog
fokbEkrsmuf xapakLaymkpIEKrTa fenL ; EtpakenH eQIjmank~geXaHfI
kEnLgEdlmanfoksabEdr ; enAk~gkrNIenH eqykpakmYyeftykdak'BMxamYy~a
EdlxapakbasaT mannysedg}bhakbEhl~anognyrbspakk~gbasaEKr dUc
xapakTa h~g GanTa /Ng/ EdlmannyTa tpaMgk~gbasaT efAxa h~g
fHel ; fahrNfaMgenHsbgajeQIjTa bxaxnEdlniyaybasaEKr nigbxaxn
EdlniyaybasaT rs'enAxit~a ehIy$nCLgdMNak'almYy xaeplEdlbxaxnfaMg
pIrenHecHniyayfaMgbasaEKr faMgbasaT ;
mansannamEdlpak'pnnogxIvbapk~gsgm esdDkic nigsasna EdlGacBl'nUv
ptmansMKan' GMpIrebbEdlPUmibaqenH$nffYl_fiplnigyklkN:xaEKr ; nagKM
(daverwg vifardD) rksannamcMnYnbYn$n k~geKtnqrsIFmraxnigsugKLa Edlpak'pn
efAnogearmgarrbs'mRnI nigarerbcMKagsgmnbefskmpxaburaN ; sannamKLHenH
GaceQIjk~gksarmun s.v. fI 19 dUctefAenH xLn } xLr xaeXaHrbs'vtmYy Edlxa
pakmkpIbasaEKrburaNTa eLaj (xagarrbs'mRnIenAsmyGgr) ; manPUmimYy sresr
eXaHxa aMelan GanTa /mLn/ ehIyeXaHenHmkpIbasaEKrburaNTa kMelaj (xakm
niggarmYyenAsmymunGgrnigsmyGgr) ; manvtmYyenAeKtnqrsIFmrax eXaH
Beetg GanTa /B:Edg/ ; pakTa BeetgenH smab'ehApYkpahN ehIyxa
pakmkpIbasaEKrburaNTa metg } kmetg (k~g basaEKrenA s.v. fI 19 nigfI 20 Ta
qEmg) ; ehIyeXaHmYyeft qO rHenat (renat) EdlmkpIbasaEKrburaNsresrTa
en~ac, enac, eN~ac, eNac } eN?ac basaEKrfMenIbTa renac ; eXaHenH bEhl
mannyTa xaPUmibkrenacdUck~gbefskmpxasmyburaN qOPUmiEdlG~kskxabkMENn
ralbkrenac ;
edaysarsannamfaMgenH eyIgGaceFIV smtikmTa L ab'manarerbcMKagsgmnig
sasnaenAPUmibaqKagtgenH Edl$nykqMrUrbs'ckPpEKrburaNxatmab ;
(6)

(7)

fin~nyKagbvtisaRsKLH EdlGacpnl'bribfnEKrUbnIykm

exaymLayUxaPUmibaqmYyEdlbxaxnEdlniyaybasak~gGMbUrbasaeBg ~a $nlay
LM~a ; GMbUrbasafaMgenH qOGMbUrbasaGURseNsIu 1 GMbUrbasafaviz 1 GMbUrbasa_QGOr"ub 1 GMbUrbasamn-EKr 1 ;l; arlayLMenH$nekIteLIgxapiessk~galsmymYy
EdlehATa alsmyEdlmandMeNIrarn_NabavUbnIykm enAk~gstvtrdMbUg n
sikSacRk 127

Sikscakr 127

elx 6 K>s> 2004

No. 6 (2004)

qisskrax ; bYrdIeXaH as EdlxabaqcegGRtbMButnexaymLayU xadMNak'mYyxa

fIniymrbs'G~keFIVdMeNIramsmuf pI_Nadl'befscin ehIyEdl$nxYyBpVBay
GarFm_NafUfaMgexay_Qcin ; erwgnifanmYyk~gsavarcinniyayGMpIarrYmsgVas
rbs'pahNmYyrUb xamYynogFIarbs'escmYyGg EdlxaedImkMeNItnraxvgh&VNn ;
pahNenHmkpIbefs_Naamry:befsmYyeft EdlbEhlxasitenAameC~r
smufKagekItnexaymLayU ; erwgk~gsavarcinenH GaceFIV eyIgyl'eQIjTa
fMnak'fMngrvageC~rsmufKaglic nigeC~rsmufKagekItnXUgsmufesm manGayual
xit 2000 ~aMehIy ;
enAk~gsmyeaymk manGtbfcinmYy EdlEcgGMpIbefseqLhIu Edlxab'nog
pMEdnKagtgnckPprbs'pH$f sUrvrn fI 2 (pI q.s. 1113 dl'bmaN q.s.
1150) (esEds 1989 : 35) ; befsenH $kdxa skqhi EdlmanEcgeXaH
k~garokelIblLgpHpufrUbmYyGgk~gvthYevg eKtsuraRsanI ; arokenHmancuHmha
skrax 1105 tvnogqisskrax 1183 (esEds 1929 : 30 zuybugt 1942 :
109) ; arokenHBl'Psag%sMKan'GMpIEKrUbnIykm (arffYlbasanigGarFmEKr) n
PUmibaqenH ; sUmIEttYGkrelIarokenHEbLkpItYGkrEdlmanebIenAPUmibaqeftEdl
mansilaarokxabasaEKreday basaebIqOxabasaEKrdEdl ; m"ageft enAk~g
arokvthYevgenH manearmgarmYy EdllayLMgarsmyGgrniggarEdleqebIk~g
GaNacksIvixy qO kmetgGjmharax ; enAk~garokenH mangarmYyeftEdleq
bfHeQIjelIsilaarokEKr qO metg ; fin~nyenH xYybJJak'ETmeftnUvsmtikm
EdleyIgKM$neFIVedaypogEBGkefAelIsannam qOTa arerbcMKagsgmnigKagsasna
eFIVamqMrUEKr ;
dUec~H kmGPixnenAPUmibaqKagtgenH ebIbasaEKrenAstvtrfI 12 ehIysanarNenH$nbnxaecInstvtrmkeft ; eyIgmanPsagmYyeftk~gGtbfmYysIpI
klna (rBab') EdleqTVaycMepaHvtGaram ; GtbfenHsresrxabasaEKrEdlmanpak
TecInmklayLM~a ehIymancuHpufskrax 2242 tvnog q.s. 1669 (sMNaknayk
rdDmRnI 1967 : 1) ; arlayLMpIrbasadUec~H eFIVsmtikmrbseyIgKManEtrogmaMeLIg
qOTa manxnxatifaMgpIr $nrsenAxit~a ehIy$nCLgdMNakalmYy EdleqecHniyay
faMgpIrbasa ; m"ageft GtbfenH EdlmkpIvteKnenA$gEkv eKtpflug sresr
xatYGkr Edlk~gGtbfenH eqeXaHTaxa aMpuxakr (Gkrkmpxa) ; b"uEn tYGkr
enHEbLk mindUcGkrmUl } GkrexRgEdlmanebI$s'enAk~gbefskmpxa ; GkrenH
sikSacRk 128

Sikscakr 128

elx 6 K>s> 2004

No. 6 (2004)

fMngxaGkrBal'PUmbi aqKagtgenH Etk~g saadfeftsIpI pHpufvcn:

eqebIGkrKmdUc
enAPUmbi aqkBalnbefsT (befsesm) Edlsedg~aNasnogGkrmUlrbsEKr ;
amfsnvisybvtisaRssil: _fiplnsil:EKr }sil:EbbEKr manenAk~g
PUmibaqKagtgenHEdr xapiessbdimatUc EdltMNagefvanigepaFistVnsasna
mhayan nigpHpump (hak-Eh&rh&Galk 1996 : 411) ; eq$nbfHeQIjdMENlfaMg
enH xapiessk~geKtnqrsIFmrax nigk~gsksogpH eKtsugKLa ;
arNEdlmanedIme~atyagsmrk~gsksogpH bEhlvaxaPsagTa Labman
vtmanrbsxnxatiEKrk~gsmyburaN pIepaHmanG~kKLHcUlcitqitTa tMbnEdlsmredIm
e~atk~gbefsTnigyYnspVTNenH ecInmannyTa LabmanbxaxnEKrrsenA } enAEt
manPUmiEKrenAk~gtMbnfaMgenH ; EtardaMedIme~at muKxamkpIPUmibaqKagtgnbefs
_Na (EdlEvrt 1961 : 289) ehIyenAenaH dUcenAbefsPUmaEdr edIme~atsmr
Nas ;
mYyvijeft ebIeyIgebRbeFbpiFIbuNnigsil:rbsTKagtgnigEKrKL H eyIg
segteQIjTa xYnalmanbapsedg~aNas EdlnaMqitTa LabmanfMnakfMngaMgpI
brmburaNmk ; fahrN buNFMxageqenAPUmibaqKagtgnbefsT qObpoteLIg
enAEKPfbf ehATa /b&unedwnsiub/ qO buNEK 10 (EK 10 qOEKPfbf) tvnogbuN
anbiNrbsEKr ehIybuNenATN 15 eracEKPfbf ehATa /Xigebt/ mannyTa
Exg, deBIm } abykebt (ehemt 1994 : 116-118) tvnogTNPMJbiNrbsEKr ;
esm (TkBal) ehAbuNanbiNTa /b&unsat/ buNsrf: rIlavehA /b&unheKA
sak/ } /b&unheKAs:Lak/ buNKb$ysLak Etsmabesmniglav buNenHan
sar:sMKan nig bapLarikdUcenAbefsEKr}PUmibaqKagtgnbefsTef ; erwgqYr
CN lmYy qOTa cMepaHTKagtg sRgan (piFIcUl~aM) minmansbapLarikGFikGFm
eLIy ; enH BypIrebbEdlEKr esm lav mn nig PUma eFIVpiFIbuNcUl~aM ;
fahrNmYyeft TKagtgmanelanmYyyagehA h~gt:lug EdlmanbxabiybapsemImaMgpIyUrlgmkehIy spVTNenH G~kskniymemIlecInxagemIlkmviFI
fUrfsn (ehemt 1994 : 121-22) ; h~gt:lugenH manelgEtk~gPUmibaqKagtg
eLIgdleKtepxburI ehIyminEmnxafIniymrbsmhaxnenAk~gPUmibaqdfeftnbefs
TeLIy ; enAbefsmLayU eqehAelanenHTa vayuaMgqulithodik ; enAbefsEKr
manEsktUc Edlsedg~anogh~gt:lugNas EtmindUc~afaMgsgenaHef ; mag
eft amarniyayefAamfmLabsk EKrehAEsktUcTa Gayg, NaMgalug } NaMg
alug BgEdr (sUmemIlelak marsal 1958, nig elak epx fMukviul 2000 :
(8)

(9)

(10)

sikSacRk 129

Sikscakr 129

elx 6 K>s> 2004

No. 6 (2004)

37) ; pakTa Gayg bEhlxaLaymkpIpakmLayU nig xVa Ta vayuaMg ehIybEhl

xapakenH LaymkpIpakTa $yuaMg mannyTa semal ; rIpakTa NaMg man
nyTa Esk k~gbBabasaTfaMgLay EteqpMusalnyedImnpakTa t:lug yagxak
lakenaHef ; eXaHfaMgenH qYrabGarmNNas edaysbgajeQIjTa _fipl
vbFm manfaMgsgKag qOpMuEmnEtpIbefskmpxamkbYrdIas EtmanpIbYrdIasefA
befskmpxavijBgEdr ; eXaHNaMgalug } NaMgalug xapakT ehIyeyIgdogTa
pakT$ncUlbasaEKreaysmyGgrrhUtdlcugqisstvtrfI 19 ; eyIgGac
eFIVsmtikm$nTa EKrcasyksil:EsktUcpITKagtg } mLayUEtmg qOpMu$nyk
amry:esmsmykgsueKafy kgsIGyuFa } $gkkef ; pYkmLayU Edl
$naMgshqmntUc enAbefsEKr ehIyEdlEKrehApYkeqTa xVa xaG~kedIrsmuf%
biunbsb ehIymanfMnakfMngnogbefsEKraMgpIbrmburaNmkemLH ; mageft pI s.v.
fI 14 dl s.v. fI 17 befskmpxa $nEbrefArkbefsdfeftnigeFIVxMnYjamBLv
smuf (vieQIrI 2004 : 50-51) ; dUec~H EKrfMngxa$nyk } ykmkvijnUvsil:NaMg
alug k~gsmykBal ;
fahrNcugeay dlpakkBalfI 1 nstvtrfI 20 TKagtgminniymdut
eKacrbsmnussLabbLam ; ebIxaeKacrbsmnustehag eqniymrMueKacenaHnogkenl
ykefAdakk~geag]sI rYcykefAprealcenLaHedImeXIpIredIm } cenLaHEmkeXIpIr ;
{puknagKM (daverwg vifardD) LabbfHeQIjspEdleqprdUec~HalenApItUc ; dlal
NasprlYyehIy LakCoGgECGgdldI G~kskerIsykefAprvij manEtpHsgQ Edl
edIrefAerIsCoGgenAelIdIk~gpenaH ykefAdutambpNIpHpufsasnavij (ehemt
1994 : 116) ; amG~ksI ehemt (1994 : 116) k~geKtbtnI sUmIEtsprbsmnus
EdlsLabedayGayukyeday eqLabykefAprealk~gpEdr ; bEhl enHtv
nogkMNtehturbselak xIv aVan Edl$nrayarNTa k~gqisstvtsrfI 13 enA
befskmpxa mnussLab eq_tmandakarmXUsef eqykEtkenlalpIeam yk
kMNatsMptqbpIelI ehIyeqykefApehIy ... luHEsgefAdleAkgdlkEnLg
NasNat eqdakealeKacenaHehIytLbmkvij (lI ametg 1973 : 45) ; spV
TNenH enAskEKr enAamskEs eqenAEtniymefAkbeKaceA (eKactehag) k~g
psMsan (ssan) DansNat ; enAtMbnKLH EKrniymeFIVbuNelIkeKacesacCoGgEdr
ehIyenAbaqKagtgnbefsT eKacEdleqminpr eqL abykefAkbmunnogeFIV
Xabnkic rhUtdl s.v. fI 20 BgEdr (ehemt 1992 : 261) ; xnxatik~gGMbUr
mLayU-bUlIeNsIu manfmLabkbeKacpIrdgEdr ;
(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

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enAeplenH eyIgKMpMuGacxmab$nTa etIdMeNIrEKrUbnIykmk~gbaqKagtgnbefs

TenH xapiessnqrsIFmrax mkpIfMnak'fMngBal'xamYymx`mNlGMNacrbs'ckPp
EKrburaN }GacmkpIfMnak'fMngxamYynqrlpburI EdlxanqrmYymanlkN:EbbEKrKLaMg
Nas' dUcEdlmanEcgk~gpgavarnqreXgh (enAbaqKagexIgnbefsT) Edl
eq$nEtgxabasa$lI (esEds 1989: 248-252) ; eyIgKMmindogTa etImanksar
bvtis
aRsenAbefskmpx a Edlsmal'}niyaypIPUmbi aqKagtgnbefsTenH ;
eplenH ebIpogEBGkelIpakKInigsannam eyIgKMmaneyabl'Ta EKrUbnIykmk~gvisy
basasaRs $nxabcUlfaMgpYkvrxn faMgbxaraRstUcac ; ehtuGIV$nxabasaEKrGac
Bayy"aggaysldUec~H ? eyIgdogTa xnxatimni (} manni) EdlniyaybasamYyk~g
GMbUrbasamn-EKr ehIyEdlenAesssl'EtmYycMnYntUcnaeplspVTNenH $nrs'enAk~g
PUmibaqenHaMgpIsmybuerbvtisaRsmkemLH ; bEhlxavtmanrbs'xnxatienH xaka
mYyEdl$nxYydMeNIrarnEKrUbnIykm$nekIteLIg ; bEhlxamanshqmnEKr
tUc $nmkaMglMenAenAbaqKagtgnbefsT abaMgpIepldMbUgnbvtisaRs
eday$nmkpIh&VNn ; amG~k$xKLH h&VNnbEhlxapMuEmnxabefsmankbapef
EtmanrdD tUc EdlG~k$xk~g s.v. fI 20 $nbmUlBM~aeameXaHTa h&V Nn
(anzLr 2000 : 15) ; eqqitsanTa tMbnh&VNn EdlbkbxMnYjamBLvsmuf manfIaMg
enAEdndIsBnfenLemqg nigenAameC~rsmufKagtgnbefskmpxanigevtNam
bcb n~ ; eyIgGacsan$nTa bxaxnk~g tMbnenaH niyaybasaEKr ; dUec~H bEhlxa
EKr Edlminman_fip lEtenAelIxlgfenLeApHya (PUmbi aqkBalnbefsT) man
_fip lenAbaqKagtgnbefsT k~g GMLg eplxagmYyshsvtknLHyagehacNas ;
enAk~gGtbfenH bMNgrbs'eyIgKM qOelIkykmknUvbJaTI EdlGacxYyvisysika
savxavEKr-T lUtlas ; eyIgKMmaneyablTa k~gGnaqtal qYrEtbJab'fakfg
arsavxavEdleqeFIVeLIgenAbefsTnigkmpxa GMpI_fiplEKrenAexaymLayU xamYy
nogarsavxavEdleq$neFIVeLIgenAbefsmLayUGMpIsfab'mn-EKr ; m"ageft
tvEteFIVarebRbeFbGarFmmn-EKrxamYynogGarFmGURseNsIuBgEdr ,

kN
M tG tn y
eyIgKMsUmETLgGMNrquNcMepaHbNit eGmanuyEGl h&Iyug Edl$nBlptmanGMpIGarFmmn,
bNit qIsan e*vr Edl$nBlptmannigeyablGMpIpYkxnxatiedImnanaenAbaqKagtgnbefsT
nig enAbefsmLayU, elak eGrik b&UdUN? Edl$nBleyablGMpIfMnakfMngrvagbefsh&VNnnigbYr
dIas, nigcMepaHelak rUbOt ehVaLOr GMpIelanEsk ;
sikSacRk 131

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(1) aMgpIfsvt~aM 1980 mk mansRgamka$nBHeLIgrvagG~k$xEdlTa xasilaarokpit

$kd nigG~k$xEdlTa xasilaarokEkLgLay ; manG~kKLHEdlmanarsgycMepaHGtibapnpH
raxaGgenH ; sUmemIlelak aMbOrELn (1991) ; pgavarnqrsIFmrax$ntMNalTa manesc 1
Gg$nyagmkqbqgnqrsIFmraxk~g q.s. 1274 manpHnam pjasIsyNrg ; bvtivifUKLH
$nylTa xapjarYg } pH$framkMEhg Et bvtivifUKLHeft$nbdiesFnUvmtienH ; sUmemIlelak
vieQIrI (1991: 344) ;
(2) buEn ameyablrbselak vieQIrI (1991 : 33) EdlexwTa silaarokramkMEhg xasilaarok
EkLgLay enAmhaskrax 1207 xa~aMEdlmancuHk~gsilaarokenH (tvnog q.s. 1285) nqrsI
Fmrax pMEmn
u xamx`mNlsMKannpufsasnaEbbsigl (lga) ef ;
(3) pHsgQ Gaar ehar nigbs Edl$nffYlarGbrMambpNIk~gvt enAEtecHGansaa
EdlsresrxaGkrKm EtcMnYnmnusEdlGantYGkrKmdac ecHEtLakcuH ehIysmtbapk~garGan
yaglGLakcuHxalMdablMedayBgEdr edayehtuTa aMgpIrxJalnpHramfI 5 (q.s. 1868-1910)
arGbrM eFIVk~gsalaernsaarN:fUfaMgbefsT ; sUmemIlG~ksI GiugGr bfmtit (1999) Bg
Edr ;
(4) EBLsavmav ambasaTKagtgehA eha: ehIyeqehAxnxatiegaHTa eha: Edr ;
(5) elak ebmiRn $neFIVarsavxavGMpIambasaeKtsugKLa ;
(6) k~gGkrKmenAbefsT sJa - enH minEmnexIg c ef ehIysmabkts:kbKl G ;
(7) s:nisy E esmsresr ee ;
(8) ameyIgKMdog enAbefsmLayU eqecIndaMalpoksmabeFIVsrEdr ; EtedImeXIenH Edl
smrNas qOxabePfeBgpIedIme~atEdlsmrenAbefsEKrnigenAsogpH ; manbePf 1 EdlduH
enAmLayUnig_Na EdlEKrehA edImfEn ; bePf 1 eft smrNasenAbefsmLayU eqdaM
smabeFIVsr EKrehA edImxk, edImdUgp } e~atEx ; sUmemIlG~~ksI zI Bun (2000 : 49, 99,
136) ;
(9) amG~k$xKLH vayuaMgqulithodikmkpIbaqKagtgnbefsT EtamG~k$xKLHeft qOh~gt:lug
EdlmkpImLayUvijef (qLaM-sarvar yUshu V 1994: 282) ;
(10) eyIgKMsUmETLgGMNrquNcMepaHelak rUbOt ehVaLOr xaG~kkefsKagh~gEsk Edl$nbJJakTa
h~gt:lug nig EsktUc sedg~aNas EtmindUc~afaMgsgef ;
(11) eyIgKMsUmETLgGMNrquNcMepaHkJa salIn fok xaG~kkefsKagbasa_QeNsIu Edl$n
BleyablGMpInyrbspakenH ;
(12) enAcugsmyGgr manpakesmKLH$nxabcUlbasaEKr dUcxa eAkUv esmGanTa /eAqU/
mannyTa masGj xapaksmabehApHsgQ ; EtenAsmyenaH manpakesmticNask~gbasa
EKr ;
(13) buEn amelak epx fMukviul (2000 : 37-38) bEhlxa pakNaMgalugenHtv
bxaraRsEKrehAambasaesmeaypIeplEdlEKrcuHeKay ehIytvffYlykmrtkekrdMENl
sikSacRk 132

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dUnaKLnEdlesm$nrobGUsykefAk~gsmyesmlukluykgGgr ... nig smyEbklEgVk ...

tLbmkvij ; buEn EKrKLHehATa NaMgalugefAvij ;
(14) amksarcin enAqisstvtrfI 3 k~gGaNackt:NavsI (etNaesrim) EdleqsanTa
bxaxnniyaybasamn eqLabealsakspmnusstVatsIu ; ebIatminsIuef eqqitTa spenH
Gesac tvdutealvij (qOxaptmanEdlbNit h&Iyug $nBlmkeyIgKM ; sUmemIlelak viefLy
1965 : 17-18 Edr) ; fMenmfmLabenHdUcfMenmfmLabrbsG~kskecnLa (sUmemIlelak lI am
etg 1973: 45) ,

qnn ei fs segb
nig FIrpn l. TgKaM q U m O e e B n f I b a s a n b H e f S f y
esvebAENnaMEBnfIbasak~gbefsT (xabasaesmnigGgeqLs) $gkk, eagarsavxav
basaTnigbasarbsG~kskfaMgLay, sabnmx`imbasaGgeqLs, ariyalysaklvifaly, p.s.
2520 q.s. 1977 ;
/ qLaM-sarvar yUsuhV vcnanukmelanburaNenAGasIuGaeq~y (xabasaGgeqLs) qULaLaMpYr,
eragpumpsaklvifalyGukhVd, ~aM 1994 ;

/ eknIy, cOrI

(Gainey, Jerry)

Ghulam-Sarwar Yousof, Dictionary of Traditional South-East Asian Theatre, Kuala Lumpur, Oxford
University Press, 1994.

/ anzLr, edviz bvsaRsbefskmpxa (xabasaGgeqLs) e& a lz r (rdDkULradU), evsvivebs,

are$HpumpelIkfI 3, ~aM 2000 ;
Chandler, David, A History of Cambodia, Boulder (Colorado), Westview Press, 3rd edition, 2000.

/ aMbOrELn, Ehms r. (bN?aFiar) arxExkrkKustvGMpIsilaarokpH$framkMEhg

GtbfbmUl (xabasaGgeqLs) $gkk, samsmaqm, ~aM 1991 ;

Chamberlain, James R. (Editor), The Ram Khamhaeng Controversy. Collected Papers, Bangkok, Siam
Society, 1991.

/ daverwg vifardD sannamk~gPUmibaqexaynbefsT EdlmanedImkMeNItxabasaEKr

(xabasa$raMg) rIs, vifasanxatinbasanigGarFmnbUpabefs, sarNabriJabt (min$ne$H
pumpBay), ~aM 1999 ;
Daoruang Wittayarat, Les Toponymes dorigine khmre en Thalande pninsulaire, Paris, INALCO, mmoire
de matrise (manuscrit), 1999.

/ daverwg vifardD baqfandlarsikaGMpIsannamEdlmkpIbasamn-EKrfaMgLayk~g

PUmibaqexaynbefsT (xabasa$raMg) rIs, vifasanxatinbasanigGarFmnbUpabefs,
sarNaT~akGnubNit (min$ne$HpumpBay), ~aM 2000 ;
Daoruang Wittayarat, Contribution une tude des toponymes issus des langues mn-khmer en Thalande
pninsulaire, Paris, INALCO, mmoire de D.E.A. (manuscrit), 2000.

/EdlEvrt, hg G~kEscmarEKr (xabasa$raMg) rIs, mUtug nigkm, ~aM 1961 ;

sikSacRk 133

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Delvert, Jean, Le paysan cambodgien, Paris, Mouton & Co., 1961.

/zI Bun vcnanukmrukxaebI$sk~gbefskmpxa PM~epj ~aM 2000 ;

/ zIlLr, GaneanI semLgeLIgcuH nig s: k~gbasaTKagtg bapminsmehtuBlKagalvivtn
(xabasaGgeqLs) k~g basasaRsGasIuGaeq~y ; arsikaxUncMepaHelak Gged h.
hU zI q U r t $gkk, saklvifalymhitl, suriya rtnkul, edviz TUmas, suvily ebmsIrt~
(bN?aFiar), ~aM 1985, fMpr 310-354 ;
Diller, Anthony, Tones and vowels in Southern Thai: a diachronic anomaly, in Southeast Asian
Linguistics, Studies presented to Andr G. Haudricourt, Bangkok, Mahidol University, Suriya Ratanakul,
David Thomas, Suwilai Premsrirat (eds.), 1985, pp. 310-354.

/ zIhVLT, ehrard bBabasamn-EKrenAbefsmLayU, aratT~aknigarbJlrebbTI (xa

basa$raMg) k~g GasIuGaeq~ynigbxMueaHGasIuGaeq~y elK 6 (4), ~aM 1975, fMpr 1-19 ;
Diffloth, G., Les langues mn-khmer de Malaisie, classification et innovations , ASEMI, VI, 4, 1975,
pp. 1-19.

/ zuybugt, pIEyr pHpufskqhi nigrcnabTxya (xabasa$raMg) k~g

$raMgEsscugbUpabefs elK 42, ~aM 1942, fMpr 105-113 ;

pobtnsala

Dupont, Pierre, Le Buddha de Grahi et lcole de Caiya , BEFEO, XLII, 1942, pp. 105-113.

/ bN?alyxati aroknbHefSfy

elm 2 GkrblLvH Gkrmj pufstvrrSfI 12-

21 arokk~gbefsT kalfI 1 GkrblLv: Gkrmn puufstvtfI 12-21

esm) $gkk, bN?alyxati EB~ksilakr p.s. 2529 q.s. 1986 ;

/ e*vr, qIsan fMnakfMngrvagxnxatimn nig GasIL (xabasaGgeqLs) k~g
sikabUpabefsnigGaRhiVk elK 55 (3), ~aM 1992, fMpr 532-537 ;

(xabasa

pobtnsala

Bauer, Christian, Mon-Aslian contacts, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 55 (3),
1992, pp. 532-537.

/ bfum xMuBigpN? e$raNvtsannbaqttnenOrVmec!tcghVt buraNvtsank~~geKt 7

enA b aq Kag exI g n PU m i b aq Kag t g (xabasaesm) $gkk, EB~ksilakr, p.s. 2517 q.s.
1974 ;
/ bIxa nunsuK hLkDanfage$raNqzInbaqtfIekIvkbGaNackSIxy PsagburaN
x J a k~ ~ g PU m i b aq Kag t g Edl fak fg no g GaNac k sI x y (xabasaesm) nqrsIFmrax,
mx`mNlvbFmnPUmibaqKagtg, p.s. 2525 q.s. 1982 ;
/ ebmiRn arvI aMyOmbaSaeKrnbasafyTin t pakKIbasaEKrk~~gbasaTtMbnKagtg
(xabasaesm) $gkk, niekbbfT~akbNit, saklvifalycuLalgrN, p.s. 2538 q.s. 1995 ;
/ e$n, marvin x. pIbasaTburaNmkdlbBaambasabcbn~ nigarnipndfeftsIpI
basasaRsbvsaRsT (xabasaGgeqLs) $gkk, vtLtos, ~aM 1985 ;
Brown, Marvin J., From Ancient Thai to Modern Dialects and Other Writings on Historical Thai Linguistics,
Bangkok, White Lotus, 1985.

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/ pinic vN?gam lilitpHl arSokaexigbHv lilitpHl arsikaEB~kbv (xabasa

esm) $gkk, p.s. 2535 q.s. 1992 ;
/ piriy: k]k sil:k~gPUmibaqKagtgnbefsTmunqisstvtrfI 14 (xabasa
GgeqLs) $gkk, EB~ksilakr, ~aM 1981 ;
Piriya Krairiksh, Art in Peninsular Thailand prior to the fourteenth century AD., Bangkok, Fine Arts
Department, 1981.

/epx fMukviul EskpN nig EsktUc (xabasaEKr nig GgeqLs) PM~epj, ~aM 2000 ;
/ epA savrs vcnanukmEKras-$raMg-GegLs rIs, mx`mNlksarsavxavGarFmEKr, ~aM
1992 ;
/ marsal, hgrI kMNtaGMpIkmNaMgEskmYy (xabasa$raMg) k~g pobtnsmaqm
sika_Qcin elK 33, ~aM 1958, fMpr 251-260 ;
Marchal, Henri, Notes sur un thtre dombres , BSEI, XXXIII, 1958, pp. 251-260.

/ lI ametg kMNtehturbs xIvaVan GMpIbpNInG~ksukecnLa bkEbBalpI

ksaredImbasacin PM~epj, atEcgbkEbeday lI ametg edaymanxMnYypI Goug Lay, aMg
s&uyqg nig ma eGg, e$HpumpelIkfI 3, p.s.2516 q.s. 1973 ;
/ vieQIrI, mKol arbksayeLIgvijnUvarokEKrntMbnt:NavsI (xabasaGgeqL s) k~g
fsnavdIsamsmaqm elK 61 (1), EKmkra ~aM 1973, fMpr 51-70 ;
Vickery, M., The Khmer Inscriptions of Tenasserim: A Reinterpretation, Journal of The Siam Society,
Vol. LXI, 1 (January), 1973, pp. 51-70.

/ vieQIrI, mKol silaarokpH$framkMEhg dMENlEkLgLaynbvtisaRsGasIuGaeq~y}ef ?

(xabasaGgeqLs) k~g arxExkrkKustvGMpIsilaarokpH$framkMEhg ; GtbfbmUl
(xabasaGgeqLs) $gkk, samsmaqm, ~aM 1991, fMpr 3-51 ;
Vickery, Michael, The Ram Khamhaeng Inscription: A Piltdown Skull of Southeast Asian History?,
The Ramkhamhaeng Controversy, Collected Papers, Bangkok, The Siam Society, 1991, pp. 3-51.

/ vieQIrI, mKol dMENlEkLgLay arEtgaMgfI 2 ; kMNtsmalxUncMepaHkmpibakaGMpIsila

arokpH$framkMEhg (xabasaGgeqLs) k~g arxExkrkKustvGMpIsilaarokpH$fram
kMEhg ; GtbfbmUl (xabasaGgeqLs) $gkk, samsmaqm, ~aM 1991, fMpr 333-418 ;
Vickery, Michael, Piltdown Skull: Installment Two. Remarks offered to the Ram Khamhaeng Panel,
The Ramkhamhaeng Controversy, Collected Papers, Bangkok, The Siam Society, 1991, pp. 333-418.

/ vieQIrI, mKol befskmpxanigbefsxitKagk~gstvtrfI 15 (xabasaGgeqLs) Gtbfar

garnfasansavxavGasIu elK 27, EKmiTn
u a ~aM 2004, www.ari.nus.edu.sg/pub/ wps.htm ;
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June 2004, www.ari.nus.edu.sg/pub/wps.htm.

/ vIefLy, bUl EKsUEnsmas karsikaPUmisaRsEB~kbvsaRsGMpIexaymLayUmunq.s.

1500 (xabasaGgeqLs) qULaLaMpr
Y , eragpums
p aklvifalymLaya, ~aM 1965 (are$Hpumep lIkfI 1
~aM 1961) ;
sikSacRk 135

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Wheatley, Paul, The Golden Khersonese: studies in the historical geography of the Malay Peninsula before A.D.
1500, Kuala Lumpur, University of Malaya Press, 1965 (1st edition: 1961).

/ vulr, GU.dabolyU. aMplig (xabasaGgeqLs) k~g

GaRhiVk elK 21 (3), ~aM 1958, fMpr 587-607 ;

pobtnsalasikabUpabefsnig

Wolters, O.W., Tmbraliga, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, XXI (3), 1958, pp. 587607.

/ esEds, h&k GaNacksIvixy (xabasa$raMg) k~g

befs elK 18, ~aM 1918, fMpr 1-36 ;

pobtnsala$raMgEsscugbUpa

Cds, George, Le royaume de rvijaya , BEFEO, XVIII, 1918, pp. 1-36.

/ esEds, h&k bxMusilaaroksam ; baqfI 2 silaarokfVarvtI

(xabasa$raMg nigesm) $gkk, eragpump$gkkTm ~aM 1929 ;

sIxy nig le#a

Cds, George, Recueil des inscriptions du Siam. Deuxime partie : Inscriptions de Dvravat, de rvijaya
et de Lvo, Bangkok, Bangkok Times Press, 1929.

/ esEds, h&k bxaxnfaMgLayk~gexay_Qcin (xabasa$raMg) rIs, zuyNUd, ~aM

1962 ;
Cds, George, Les Peuples de la Pninsule indochinoise, Paris, Dunod, 1962.

/ esEds, h&k rdDnanaEdl$nffYlvbFmhiQk~g_Qcin nig_QeNsIu (xabasa$raMg)

rIs, dObuard, ~aM 1989 (are$HpumpeLIgvij, are$HpumpBayelIkfI 3 edaymanarpiniteLIgvij
nigBlptmanTI ~aM 1964 rIs, dObuard) ;
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/ sMNaknaykrdDmRnI bHxumpHaMrabrmraxUfiSepOklna smyGyuFa baq 1 bxMupH

tmabrmraxUfisedImIklna smyGyuFa baqfI 1 (xabasaesm) $gkk, sMNaknaykrdD
mRnI, p.s. 2510 q.s. 1967 ;
/ sIt, valfr vielLRm, nig sal GUt WLakdon xnxasysasnfaMgLayk~gexaymLayU
(xabasaGgeqLs) baqfI 1 nigfI 2, Lgd, makmIlLannigkm cMat, ~aM 1906 ;
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Co., Limited, 1906.

/ sabnfkiNqtIsika pcnanukmbasaTint 2525 vcnanukmbasatMbnKagtg p.s.

2525 (xabasaesm) $gkk, sabnfkiNqtIsika, p.s. 2525 q.s. 1982 ;
/ sabnfkiNqtIsika bHvasreelHe$raNqzIabsmufsigpH bvsaRsnigburaN
f a e f b e a H s o g p H (xa basa esm) $gkk, s a b n fki N qtI si k a sakl vi f al y sI
nqriRnvieraZ (bN?aFiar elak sapr sIscM), p.s. 2528 q.s. 1985 ;
/ sabnfkiNqtIsika saranukmvZnFrrmbaqt saranukmGarFmbaqKagtg (xa
basaesm) 9 baq, $gkk, sabnfkiNqtIsika, p.s. 2529 q.s. 1986 ;
sikSacRk 136

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/ s&tU, h.l. vcnanukmarokmnpIstvtrfI 6 dlfI 16 (xabasaGgeqLs) Lgd, eragpump

saklvifalyGukhVd, ~aM 1971 ;
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Oxford University Press, 1971.

/ h&ul, GO. kMNtGMpIarokfmiLmYyenAbefsesm (xabasaGgeqLs) k~g

smaqmGasIu ~aM 1913, fMpr 337-339 ;

fsnavdI rax

Hultzsch, E., Note on a Tamil Inscription in Siam, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1913, pp. 337339.

/ h&ul, GO. kMNtbEnmGMpIarokfmiLmYyenAbefsesm (xabasaGgeqLs) k~g

raxsmaqmGasIu ~aM 1914, fMpr 397-398 ;

fsnavdI

Hultzsch, E., Supplementary Note on a Tamil Inscription in Siam, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society,
1914, pp. 397-398.

/ ehemt, qIsIn elanenaraenAbaqKagtgnbefsT arearpbUxadUna (xabasa$raMg)

k~g pobtn s.b.c.b.b. elK 79.2, ~aM 1992, fMpr 261-282 ;
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/ ehemt, qIsIn pYkbkay : xnxatiTEdlanpHpufsasnak~gexaymLayU (xabasa$raMg)

k~g ebNaMgsu&l elK 29 (2), ~aM 1994, fMpr 98-129 ;
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/ h&Iyug, eGmanuyEGl xnxamn

samsmaqm, ~aM 1999 ;

GarF m mY y enA GasI u Gaeq~ y

(xabasaGgeqLs) $gkk,

Guillon, Emmanuel, The Mons: A Civilization of Southeast Asia, Bangkok, The Siam Society, 1999.

/ Eh&Vrgd, hab&IEyl ckPpsIvixyenAeaHs&umaa (xabasa$raMg) k~g

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fsnavdIGasIu

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