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odef;rdk;0if;/ / Canberra rdefYcGef; (08-Nov-2012, Thursday)

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twGuf urmwpf0Srf;jidrf;csrf;pGm qEazmfxkwf tcrf;tem;wGif emrfydkif;qdkif&m MuGa&mufcsDd;jrSifYMuaom
-jrefrmjynfoljynfom; urmolurmom;w wdkY\cspfcifav;pm;&ygaom Democrcy Icon tarpk
-av;pm;&ygaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmedkifiHawmf orwMuDd; Odd;odef;pdef
-United Nations Secretary-General Mr. Ban Ki Moon
-88 rsdL;qufausmif;om;rsm;tzGJY eSifY 96 rsdL;qufausmif;om;rsm;tzGJYrsm;tm;
uRefawmfodef;rdk;0if; av;pm;pGm*g&0jyKygonf/
uRefawmf odef;rdk;0if;onf 88 rsdL;qufausmif;om;(wpfjzpfvnf;)&efukef
pufrIwuodkvfausmif;om;(wpfjzpfvnf;) 96?98 rsdL;qufausmif;om; wpfa,mufjzpfonf/
rdefYcGef; tydkif;(1)/ /jrefrmjynfwGif; ukvm; [k oHa,mifvdkuf tac:cH&jcif;udp
yxrODd;pGm jynfolrsm;tm;vHk; jrifomatmif&Sif;jyvdkonfrSm-uRefkyfwdkY jrefrmedkifiHwGif
(ucsif?u,m;?u&if?csif;? rGef?Arm?&cdkif?&Srf;) vlrsdL;pkMuDd;awG&SdjyD; sub ethnic groups awG taejzifY
140 0ef;usif&Sdonf[k EdkifiHawmfrS xkwfjyefxm;onf/ tm;vHk;udk jcHKiHk jrefrm [kac:a0:onf/
(ucsif?u,m;?u&if?csif;? rGef?Arm?&cdkif?&Srf;) rsdL;EG,fpk toDd;oDd;wdkYonf
[dk;,cifY,cifrif;tqufquf uwnf;u wdkif;usdL;jynfjyK aevmMuovdk rdrdwdkYMudKufeSpfouf&m
vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fcGifY &cJYMuonfYtwdkif; Ak'bmom? tpvmrfbmom/ c&pf,mefbmom/[dELbmom
rsm;udk;uG,fcJYMuonf/ odkY&Sd&m jrefrmAk'bmom0if/ jrefrmtpvmrfbmom0if/
jrefrmc&pf,mefbmom0if/ jrefrm[dELbmom0if rsm;[kac:Muonf/
odkYaomfjim;vnf; uRefoabmufu vTwfajrSmufvmwJY &dk;om;wJYuRekyfwdkY jrefrmjynfom;awGtMum;
cGJjcm;tkyfcsLyfvdkcJYwJY twGufaMumifYrdkYvdkY ukvm; qdkaom MudK;wpfacsmif; wDdxGifum
(tom;ta,mif?udk;uG,fonfYbmom)tvdkuf cGJjcm;cJYMuw,f/
jrefrmjynfom;

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Majority

Minorities

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(Minorities) awG[m tvdkvdk ae&if; vlrsdL;a&; tcGJjcm;cHukvm; pm&if;xJ 0ifoGm;awmYwmygyJ/
uRefkyfwdkY wdkif;jynf ay:rSm tjrwfxkwfcsifwJY vlenf;pk wpfpk[m 'Dd ukvm; qdkwJY MudK;udk
oGm;oGm;qGJjyDd; jrefrmjynfoljynfom;rsm; tcsif;csif; vlrsdL;a&;?bmoma&; txdu&kPf;jzpfatmif
zefwdD;cJwJY (History) awG&SdcJYovdk vuf&SdzefwDd;aepJ qdkwmudkvnf; tm;vHk;todygyJ/ 'DdudpeJY
yufoufvdkY b,fvdkajz&Sif;oifYw,fqdkwm aemufydkif;rSm &Sif;jyygYr,f
tydkif;(2)/ /,ckjzpfysufaeonfY &cdkifjynf yVdyu ta&;udpeSifY United Nations u@
&cdkifjynfwGif &cdkifvlrsdL;eSifY &dk[if*smvlrsdL;rsm; tMum;-&cdkifjynfolawGbufuajymwmu (&dk[if*sm
vlrsdL;r&Sd b*FgvDd[kac:&ef eSifY illegal immigrants awGjzpfjyDd; &cdkifjynfrS xGufoGm;&ef)/
-&dk[if*smjynfolawGbufuajymwmu (uRkekyfwdkYonf &cdkifrif;tqufquf eSpfaygif; 1000 t&ifxJu
aexdkifvmolrsm;jzpfjyDd; historically well documented [kqdkMuw,f/ qdkawmYum
'Ddvdktjiif;yGm;rIMuDd;onf eSpfaygif; 60 0ef;usif avmuf&SdcJYjyDdjzpfonfYtwGuf tjrefqHk;ajz&Sif;edkif&ef
United Nations Secretary-general Mr. Ban Ki Moon tm; atmufygtcsuftvufrsm; aus;Zl;jyKjyDd;
aqmif&Gufay;yg&ef arwm&yfcH&yf
United Nations Role
1/ Fair & Square jzpfzdkYtwGuf &kd[if*sm &Sdw,f?r&Sdbl; vuf&Sd&Sdaeaom xdkjynfolrsm;udk rnfodkYac:
a0:oifYonfudk U Independent Commission zGJYum qHk;jzwfay;zdkY/ wpfqufwnf;rSmyJ
2/ ,cktcg &cdkifjynfwGif; &dk[if*smeSifY wpfjcm;aom ethnics Muslims vlenf;pkonfvnf;
rdrdwdkY\aetdrfrsm;pGefYcGmum toufvk ajy;ae&jcif;? yVdyu rsm;aMumifY pm;pmcHjzpf&wJY
eSpfzufjynfol displaced refugees rsm;&JY usef;rma&;?pm;0wfaea&;?jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;
udp&yfrsm;tm; vlom;tcsif;csif; jzpfonfYtwGuf basic human rights udk tajccH U
Independent Commission rSMum;0ifaqmif&Gufay;yg&ef
3/ xdk&dk[if*smrsm;tm; jrefrmedkifiHom;rsm; jzpfonf?rjzpfonfudk The Universal Declarations of
Human Rights t& U Independent Commission rSMum;0if qHk;jzwfay;yg&ef/
4/&cdkifjynfe,f awmifukwfvrf;ray:wGif c&Dd;oGm; jrefrmtpvmrfbmom0if ukvm; [ktac:
cH&ol (10Odd;)tm; aeYcif;aMumifawmif vl&m*Pef;u vrf;ray: &ufpufpGm owfjzwfcJYMuaomfvnf;
,aeYxd trIrSef ray:ao;onfYtjyif &cdkifjynfwGif; yVdyuonfvJ vtwefMumaecJYjyDdjzpfaomaMumifY
U Independent Commission rSMum;0ifajz&Sif;ay;yg&ef
5/&cdkifjynfwGif;ae vlenf;pkeSifY vlrsm;pk tMum; rw&m;cdk;0ifaexdkifonf[k owfrSwf ydkifcGifYonf
edkifiHawmf tpdk;&wGifom &Sdaomfjim;vJ ,ckvdk rif;rJYp&dkufqHpGm Oya'udk rdrdwdkYvufxJ,l
yVdyuMuDd;jzpfatmifzefwDd;cJYolrsm;tm; edkifiHwumcHk&Hk;odkY wif&ef awmif;qdkygonf/
UN rS 0ifa&mufulnDdajz&Sif;jcif;onfaumif;aomvuPmjzpfonf[k'Ddrdku&ufwpfygwDd(jrefrm) O|
ODd;oka0uvnf; rMumaom;rDdu tMuHjyKcJYzl;onf/

tydkif;(3)/ / jrefrmjynfolwpf&yfvHk;eSifY vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; u@


,cktcg &cdkifjynfwGif;tpvmrfbmom0ifrsm; eSifY &cdkifvlrsdL;rsm;tMum; ukvm; qdkwJY
vlrsdL;cGJjcm;rkef;wDd;a&; MudK;wpfacsmif;aMuifY &cdkifjynfMuDd; wpfckvHk; rjidrfrowfjzpfcJY&ovdk uRekyfwdkY
jrefrmjynfae&mtcsdLYrSmvJ vlrsdL;cGJjcm;a&; MudK;udkqGJ rjidrfowfatmifvkyf?jynfolawG 'kua&mufcsdef
tjrwfxkwfzdkYtwGuf rormolvlwpfpku aemufuG,frS zefwdD;aeonfrSm xif&Sm;vmonf/
odkYyg edkifiHawmf orwMuDd; Odd;odef;pdef? NLD ygwDdOX tarpk?jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;?88
eSifY 96 ausmif;om;rsm;tzGJY tm; jrefrmjynfolwpf&yfvHk;udk,fpm; arwm&yfcHcsuf
toifwdkYonf jrefrmjynfolwpf&yfvHk; (jrefrmAk'bmom0if/ jrefrmtpvmrfbmom0if/
jrefrmc&pf,mefbmom0if/ jrefrm[dELbmom0if) rsm;tm;vHk;&JY rJay;a&G;cs,fwifajrSmufcHxm;&olrsm;
jzpfonfYtwGuf jynfolwpf&yfvHk;udk rcGJjcm;yJwpfajy;nDdjrifzdkYvdktyfonf/ tb,faMumifYqdkaomf-Majority jzpfwJY Ak'bmom0ifrsm;eJY Minorities jzpfwJY (wpfjcm; bmom0ifjrefrm)rsm;
ukvm; rkef;wDd;a&;MudK;qGJ 0g' jzefYaeolrsm; ajymifajymifwif;wif;vkyfaqmifvmjcif;

tMum;

-vTwfawmfom Oya'xkwfjyefcGifY&Sdaomfvnf; wpfjcm;bmomudk;uG,fonfY(vlenf;pkjrefrmrsm;)


\touf?tdk;tdrf pnf;pdrf? bmoma&;taqmuftODdrsm;tm; jcdrf;ajcmufapmfum;onfY ,SOfjydKifOya'
jyXef;rIrsm; ay:xGufvmjcif;wdkYonf vTwfawmfvkyfydkifcGifYudkapmfum;jcif;?jrefrmjynfolvleSifY
wpfwdkif;jynfvHk; xdcdkufepfematmif vkyfaqmifolrsm;jzpfonfYtwGuf
1/ xdkvHlYaqmfolrsm;tm; xda&mufpGm ta&;,lay;&ef
2/ bmomaygif;pHk?vlrsdL;aygif;pHk cspfMunf&if;eSDd;pGm aexdkifedkifa&;udk a&S;&IjyDd; edkifiHwumrSm jyXef;xm;wJY
The Religious Harmony Act Oya'udk jrefrmjynfwGifvnf; jyXef;ay;yg&ef (tcsufonf
a&SYaeuGef&ufrS w&m;vTwfawmfa&SYae ODD;udkeDd wifjyrIudk axmufcHwifjyjcif;jzpfonf)
3/ Odd;Zm*em (c) Odd;ol& (&cdkifjynf yVdyupHkprf;a&;aumfr&Sif)rS aqG;aEG;wifjycJYaom National Identity
udpudk jrefrmjynfolwpf&yfvHk;udk,fpm; axmufcHaMumif;wifjyonf/ rSwfyHkwifrsm;wGif (vlrsdL;eSifYudk;
uG,fonfYbmom)[l azmfjycH&jcif;onf jrefrmjynfolvlxktMum; ukvm; qdkaom MudK;wpf
acsmif;xnfYxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
Oyrmay;&vQif/ /uRefkyfwdkY jrefrmAk'bmomrdwfaqGrsm; jrefrmjynfwGif;c&Dd;oGm;zl;vQif awGYygvdrfYrnf/
vrf;rSm&SdonfY ppfaq;a&;*dwfrsm;wGif tom;ta&mif(odkYwnf;r[kwf) rSwfyHkwifwGif (vlrsdL;?udk;uG,f
onfYbmom)azmfjyxm;onfYtwGuf tppfcH&?tnpfcH& wmawG[m 'keJYa';yg/ rSwfyHkwifrSm (tpvmrf
bmom)azmfjyxm; c&Dd;wpfaxmufrSm uRefawmfudk,fwdkif ay:wmtqGJ cHcJY&zl;ygw,f/
21&mpkwGif (wpfrsdL;?wpfedkifiH) pepfr&SdawmYwJYtwGuf uRefKyfwdkY jrefrmjynfoljynfom;tm;vHk;
twlwuG cspfcif&if;eSDd;pGm ,SOfwGJaexdkifedkif&ef edkifiHawmfeSifYwuG jynfolYtusdL;aqmif 88?96
ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm;vHk;tm; jynfolwpf&yfvHk;udk,fpm; av;pm;pGm arwm&yfcHygonf/
(b,folcGJcGJ wdkYruGJ tjrJpnf;vHk;rnf)/

tydkif;(4)/ / wdkif;jynfat;csrf;om,ma&;eSifY rDd'Dd,mrsm; tcef;u@


jrefrmjynfwGif;&Sd rDd'Dd,mrsm;onf jynfoleSifY txdawGYqHk; jzpfonfY twGuf rdrdwdkY pmapmifa&mif;
&a&;tusdL;udkomMunfYjyDd; owif;udk vufvGwfpy,f ra&;zdkY? rDd'Dd,musifY0wfudk apmifYxdrf;zdkY vlrsdL;
a&;?bmoma&; yVdyujzpfapr,fY toHk;tEHI;eSifY vHIYaqmfa&;om;rIrsdL;udk a&SmifMuifMuzdkYarwm&yfcHovdk/
rvdkufemyguvnf; xda&mufpGm ta&;,lay;yg&ef jynfolvlxk jidrf;csrf;a&; a&S;&I edkifiHawmftm;
av;pm;pGm arwm&yfcHygonf/ rDd'Dd,maMumifY xdcdkufepfem&onfY tajctaeudk jrifomap&ef
(rajymif;vJaomqufEG,frI ajywDdODd;?rdk;a[udk)Zwfum;udkMunfYyg/
tydkif;(5)/ /jrefrmjynf&Sd tajccHvlwef;pm; vufvkyfvufpm;rsm; arwm&yfcHcsuf
uRefkyfonf a&cJacsmif;a&mif;?rdom;pk csdLYwJYpGm &Hk;uefcJY&onfYb0rS vmoljzpfonfY twGuf vufvkyf
vufpm; rdom;pktm;vHk;tm; udk,fcsif;pmonf/,ckvdk ukvm; MudK;qGJ? vlrsdL;rkef;wDd;rIzefwDd; tjrwf
xkwfaeolrsm;aMumifY wdkif;jynfacwfaemufusvQif txdtemqHk;rSm uRekyfwdkY qif;&Jom;vufvkyfvuf
pm;rsm;yif/ odkYyg xdkvlrsdL;a&;rkef;wDd;rI zefwDd;qGJaqmifaeolrsm;tm; edkifiHawmfeSifYwpfjcm; vlrIa&;t
zGJYtpnf;rsm;odkY taMumif;Mum; ulnDdaqmif&GufMuyg/ odkYrSom edkifiHawmf zGHjzdK;wdk;wufvmjyDd;
qif;&JwGif;rS vGwfajrmufedkifMurnfjzpfonf/ ,cktcgvHIYaqmfpmwpfcsdLYonf jrefrmtpvmrfbm
om0ifrsm;uyJ vkyfaeoa,mifa,mif 0g'jzefYrI &SdaeojzifY jrefrmtpvmrfbmom0ifrsm; taejzifYvJ
vlrsdL;rkef;wDd;a&;axmifacsmufxJ 0ifroGm;zdkY arwm&yfcHvdkonf/
tydkif;(6)/vlrsdL;a&;rkef;wDd;rI qGJaqmifvHIYaqmfaeolrsm;tm; tajccHvufvkyfvufpm;qif;&Jom;rsm;
udk,fpm; arwm&yfcHcsuf
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jyKvkyfaejcif;jzifY wdkif;jynf tusdL;pDd;yGm; xdcdkufepfemonfY twGuf &yfwef;u&yfMuygvdkY
arwm&yfcHonf/
uRefawmfudk,fawGYjrifcJY&wJY jzpf&yfav;wpfck &SifjyjyDd; ed*Hk;csLyfygYr,f/
tdrfem;u blwmav;rSm n 8em&Dd &xm;pdkufvmw,f/ 8em&Dd &xm;vdkYom qdkayr,fY 9 em&Ddxdk;aejyDd/
vlawG tkef;tkef;MuufMuufeJY blwmuaetdrfjyefae/ txkwfMuDD;xrf; aps;a&mif;jyDd;jyefvmwJY
vlwpfa,muf qdkifav;wpfqdkifxJ0if/
tpfra& qefav; 2vHk;eJY iyd&nfMudKav;wpfxkwfavmufay;yg? &xm;uvJ aemufus rdk;uvJ&GmawmY
aps;a&mif;raumif;bl;Asm/ tdrfrSmvJ rdef;reJY cav;awG apmifYaew,f/ uRefawmfjyefrS 'Ddqefav;csuf
iydav;MudKpm;&rSm..
tJ'Dd jrifuGif;av;udk MunfYjyDd; uRefawmf rsuf&nfrqnfedkifawmYbl;/ tck &cdkifjynf yVdyu
?ucsifjynfe,fjzpfyGm;aeonfY rjidrfoyfrIrsm;? vufyefawmif;awmifaMu;eDdpDdrHudrf;aMumifY
v,form;rsm; v,f,majraysmuf pm;0wfaea&; 'kua&muf rIrsm; .. tm;vHk; tjrefqHk; jidrfoyfjyDd;
uRefkyfwdkYwdkif;jynf tjrefqHk; at;csrf;oGm;edkifygapvdkY qkrGefaumif;awmif;&if.. ed*Hk;csLyfygw,f/
pma&;ol (odef;rdk;0if;)

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