COLLEGE ADMISSION TEST REVIEW

GEOMETRY
Lesson 1. Definition of Terms

1. The undefined terms, the basic geometric concepts for which no definitions are given, are point, line, and plane.

of triangles according to angles are acute, obtuse, right and equiangular.

2. A line segment is a part of a line consisting of two endpoints and all the points between them.

7. A quadrilateral is a 4-sided polygon. Some kinds of quadrilaterals are parallelogram, trapezoid, rectangle, rhombus, and square.

3. A ray is a part of a line consisting of an endpoint and all the points in one side of the line.

8. A circle is a set of all points at a given distance (radius) from a given point (center) in the plane.

4. An angle is formed by two noncollinear rays with a common endpoint. Angles are classified as acute, obtuse, and right.

9. A polyhedron is a solid formed by polygons that enclose a single region of space.

5. A polygon is a closed plane figure formed by fitting together segments end to end with each segment intersecting exactly two others. Polygons may be concave or convex.

10. A prism is a polyhedron with two identical faces that lie in parallel lines.

6. A triangle is a 3-sided polygon. The kinds of triangles classified according to sides are scalene, isosceles, and equilateral. The kinds

11. A pyramid is a polyhedron with one base. The other faces called lateral faces meet at a common vertex called the vertex of the pyramid.

12. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if one of the following is satisfied:

a. Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel. b. Both pairs of opposite sides are congruent. c. Both pairs of opposite angles are congruent. d. Consecutive angles are supplementary. e. Diagonals bisect each other. f. Each diagonal divides the quadrilateral into two congruent triangles.

16. The median of a trapezoid is parallel to the bases and has a length equal to half the sum of the lengths of the bases.

17. A trapezoid is isosceles if it satisfies one of the following: a. Its legs are congruent. b. Each pair of base angles is congruent. c. Diagonals are congruent.

13. A quadrilateral is a rectangle if it is a parallelogram and one of the following is satisfied: a. It has four right angles. b. Its diagonals are congruent.

18. The midpoint of the segment is a point that bisects the segment, or divides the segment into two congruent segments.

19. A ray is the angle bisector if it contains the vertex and divides the angle into two congruent angles.

14. A quadrilateral is a rhombus if it is a parallelogram and one of the following is satisfied: a. Its sides are all congruent. b. Its diagonals are perpendicular. c. Its diagonals bisect the angles of the quadrilateral.

20.Adjacent angles are two angles with a common vertex, a common side, and no common interior points.

21.Supplementary angles are two angles whose measures add up to 180o.

15. A quadrilateral is a square if it is both a rhombus and a rectangle.

22.Complementary angles are two angles whose measures add up to 90o. Lesson 2. Plane Figures

Rectangle A = bh Parallelogram A = bh Triangle A = bh Rhombus A = dd Trapezoid A = h(b + b) Circumference of a Circle C = 2r Area of a Circle A = r Exercise 1. Answer sometimes, always, or never.

Exercise 2. Calculate the area and perimeter of the following polygons:

1.

3 2.

2 1.2

2 .8

1. A rhombus is ___________ a parallelogram. 2. A square is ____________ a quadrilateral. 3. A rhombus is ___________ a square. 4. Regular polygons __________ have equal length sides. 5. Quadrilaterals with two parallel sides are _____________ parallelograms. 6. Polygons with all right angles are _______________ squares. 7. A polygon with only three equal length sides is ____________ a right triangle.

3.

3 4.

1.5

Lesson 2. Space Figures A space figure or three-dimensional figure is a figure that has depth in addition to width and height. Everyday objects such as a tennis ball, a box, a bicycle, and a redwood tree are all examples of space figures. Some common simple space figures include cubes, spheres, cylinders, prisms, cones, and pyramids. A space figure having all flat faces is called a polyhedron. A cube and a pyramid are both polyhedrons; a sphere, cylinder, and cone are not. Volume Volume is a measure of how much space a space figure takes up. Volume is used to measure a space figure just as area is used to measure a plane figure. The volume of a cube is the cube of the length of one of its sides. The volume of a box is the product of its length, width, and height. Volume = length x width x height

1 3

5.

1.5

450

3 6.

2 450 1

Examples:
2

1. What is the volume of a cube with side-length 6 cm? The volume of a cube is the cube

of its side-length, which is 63 = 216 cubic cm. 2. What is the volume of a box whose length is 4cm, width is 5 cm, and height is 6 cm? The volume of a box is the product of its length, width, and height, which is 4 5 6 = 120 cubic cm. Surface Area The surface area of a space figure is the total area of all the faces of the figure. Example:

the length of one of its sides, the volume of the cube is L3 = L L L. A cube has six square-shaped sides. The surface area of a cube is six times the area of one of these sides. Example: The space figure pictured below is a cube. The grayed lines are edges hidden from view.

4 3 8
What is the surface area of a box whose length is 8, width is 3, and height is 4? This box has 6 faces: two rectangular faces are 8 by 4, two rectangular faces are 4 by 3, and two rectangular faces are 8 by 3. Adding the areas of all these faces, we get the surface area of the box: 84+84+43+43+83+8 3= 32 + 32 + 12 + 12 +24 + 24= 136. Cube A cube is a three-dimensional figure having six matching square sides. If L is

Example: What is the volume and surface are of a cube having a side-length of 2.1 cm? Its volume would be 2.1 2.1 2.1 = 9.261 cubic centimeters. Its surface area would be 6 2.1 2.1 = 26.46 square centimeters. Cylinder A cylinder is a space figure having two congruent circular bases that are parallel. If L is the length of a cylinder, and r is the radius of one of the bases of a cylinder, then the volume of the cylinder isL pi r2, and the surface area is 2 r pi L + 2 pi r2.

Example:

The figure pictured below is a cylinder. The grayed lines are edges hidden from view. r

To the nearest tenth, what is the volume and surface area of a sphere having a radius of 4cm? Using an estimate of 3.14 for pi, the volume would be 4/3 3.14 43 = 4/3 3.14 4 4 4 = 268 cubic centimeters. Using an estimate of 3.14 for pi, the surface area would be 4 3.14 42 = 4 3.14 4 4 = 201 square centimeters. Cone A cone is a space figure having a circular base and a single vertex. If r is the radius of the circular base, and h is the height of the cone, then the volume of the cone is 1/3 pi r2 h. Example: What is the volume in cubic cm of a cone whose base has a radius of 3 cm, and whose height is 6 cm, to the nearest tenth? We will use an estimate of 3.14 for pi. The volume is 1/3 pi 32 6 = pi 18 = 56.52, which equals 56.5 cubic cm when rounded to the nearest tenth.

Sphere A sphere is a space figure having all of its points the same distance from its center. The distance from the center to the surface of the sphere is called its radius. Any cross-section of a sphere is a circle. If r is the radius of a sphere, the volume V of the sphere is given by the formula V = 4/3 pi r3. The surface area S of the sphere is given by the formula S = 4 pi r2.

Pyramid A pyramid is a space figure with a square base and 4 triangle-shaped sides.

Example:

Exercise 2: Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. If the fence along the perimeter of the field is 168 m, and the ratio of the sides of a rectangular field is 5 to 2, how long is one of the longer sides? a. 24 m b. 48 m c. 60 m d. 120 m 2. If the length of the radius of a circle is doubled, what happens to the circumference? a. Halved b. Quadrupled c. Doubled d. Tripled 3. Five equal squares are joined together to form a rectangle whose perimeter is 372cm. What is the area of one square? a. 72 cm2 b. 124 cm2 c. 900 cm2 d. 961 cm2 4. Find the area of a triangle whose base is 14cm and height is 10 cm. a. 70cm
2

5. What is the volume of a rectangular prism with a height of 40cm and a square base with side 2 cm? a. 80 cm3 b. 160cm3 c. 320cm3 d. 640cm3 6. The area of a rectangle is 12.8 cm2, what is its length if its width is 3.2cm? a. 1.6 cm b. 3.8 cm c. 4.0 cm d. 4.5 cm 7. Find the side of a square in feet, whose diagonal is 5 feet longer than a side. a. 5 - 5 2 b. 5 + 5 2 c. 6 + 2 d. 10 + 2 2 8. Given the diagram below, solve for x:

b. 88cm2 c. 114cm2 d. 140cm2 a. 4

b. 6 c. 8 d. 10

Exercise 2. Solve the following: 1. A cube has a surface area of fiftyfour square centimeters. What is the volume of the cube? 2. A piece of 16-gauge copper wire 42 cm long is bent into the shape of a rectangle whose width is twice its length. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.
3. A circular swimming pool with a

9. If the volume of a cone is 250 cm 3 and the height is 10 cm, what is the length of the radius to the nearest tenth? a. 1.9 cm b. 2.8 cm c. 3.6 cm d. 4.9 cm

diameter of 28 feet has a deck of uniform width built around it. If the area of the deck is 60(pi) square feet, find its width.
B

10.

D 5

4. If one side of a square is doubled in length and the adjacent side is decreased by two centimeters, the area of the resulting rectangle is 96 square centimeters larger than that of the original square. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.
5. If the height of a triangle is five

In the parallelogram ABCD above, AC = 4 and CD = 5. What is the area of ABCD? a. 12 b. 15 c. 16 d. 18

inches less than the length of its base, and if the area of the triangle is 52 square inches, find the base and the height. 6. If the sum of the sides of a right triangle is 49 inches and the hypotenuse is 41 inches, find the two sides. 7. A wood frame for pouring concrete has an interior perimeter of 14 meters. Its length is one meter greater than its width. The

frame is to be braced with twelvegauge steel cross-wires. Assuming an extra half-meter of wire is used at either end of a cross-wire for anchoring, what length of wire should be cut for each brace? 8. The smallest angle of a triangle is two-thirds the size of the middle angle, and the middle angle is three-sevenths of the largest angle. Find all three angle measures.
9. You work for a fencing company.

A customer called this morning, wanting to fence in his 1,320 square-foot garden. He ordered 148 feet of fencing, but you forgot to ask him for the width and length of the garden. Because he wants a nicer grade of fence along the narrow street-facing side of his plot, these dimensions will determine some of the details of the order, so you do need the information. But you don't want the customer to think that you're an idiot, so you need to figure out the length and width from the information the customer has already given you. What are the dimensions?
10. Three times the width of a certain

rectangle exceeds twice its length by three inches, and four times its length is twelve more than its perimeter. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.