Tao-on, Ma. Celestine R. Robarios, Ma. Theressa I.

Informative Speech Plan 26 January 2012 VERBAL SUPPORTS General Purpose: To discuss and examine the eight categories of verbal supports. Specific Purpose: To bring in my audience the ideas of using verbal supports and endorse them to use the different categories of verbal supports. Central Idea: These verbal supports will help you strengthen your ideas, in a manner where your audience will come to agree with what you are presenting. Outline: Supporting your materials or ideas is a thing you have to do, so that your audience will believe in what you are saying. Providing such strong support materials will make your speech more powerful and utterly believable. There are two types of supporting materials. Verbal support is used either to clarify the points you wish to make or to prove your assertions; while visual support is using images or other media to prove your point. Here, were going to discuss the eight types of verbal supports. I. Definition is a statement of the meaning of a word or phrase. A. Do not assume that your audience thinks the same way as you do. 1. Give your meaning of the term or phrase to your audience. 2. Define your terms at the outset. B. If you are using a term that is not universally known, give it definition 1. Avoid using formal dictionary definitions, if possible. 2. Use informal definitions that can be easily understood. Vivid image is a description that evokes a lifelike picture within the mind of a listener. A. Use specific details to provide your audience an image. 1. Let your audience use their imaginations when you are describing things. Examples are instances that serve to illustrate a point. A. Use your own experiences. B. Determine how many examples you need to prove your point. Narrative is a story that explains or illustrates your point. A. People love stories. 1. Use your narratives to gain the attention of your audiences. B. Narratives must be relevant to your message. 1. Never tell stories that are not related to your point. C. A hypothetical narrative is an imaginary story related to help listeners visualize a potential situation. Use comparison and contrast to explain a thing or concept. A. A comparison is showing how two objects are alike.

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B. Contrast is showing how two or more objects are different. Analogy explains a concept or an object by likening it to something that isat first glancequite different. A. It shows similarities between two things of different categories. B. It tries to show that what is true in one case is true in another. Testimony is a statement by a knowledgeable person, used by a speaker to explain or bolster a point. A. There are three ways of using testimony. 1. Quote verbatim is to cite the exact words used by a source. 2. Summarize is giving the substance of a statement in a condensed form. 3. Paraphrase is restating a material using different words. Statistics are numerical facts assembled to present significant information about a subject.

Conclusion: These supports will help you in providing strong support materials for your speeches or researches. In order to remember these verbal supports, we made a mnemonic device for them. Just remember DVEN C CATS: definition, vivid images, example, narrative, comparison, contrast, analogy, testimony and statistics.

Bibliography: Gregory, H.(2011).Public speaking for college & career.New York: McGraw-Hill Anonymous.(n.d.).Speaking effectively chapter 3.Retrieved from Air University Web Site on 25 January 2011, from http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/kline-speak/b33ch3.htm