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Annotated Bibliography

Obstetric Fistula in Ethiopia

Allysia Trindade Professor Malcolm Campbell English 1103 October 18 2012

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Annotated Bibliography A Walk to Beautiful. Dir. Mary Olive Smith. PBS, 2011. Film. This is a documentary that illustrates the lives of five separate Ethiopian women living with obstetric fistula. These women, often shunned by their villages, are living in humiliation and isolation. These women take a journey to Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital, a clinic miles away from their homes, to receive treatment and reclaim their lives. The film gives a solid background on the foundation of the hospital, as well as the surgeons who work there. The film shows the anticipation of the women, and follows up with the patients after they have their surgeries to show the inspirational transformation made by the procedure. This source provides a valuable insight into the emotional journey of these women and will give me material to appeal to the audience with pathos. This source gives another perspective of fistula that goes beyond facts and statistics by visually presenting the struggles and hardships faced by these underprivileged women. The film is also specific to Ethiopia, the area of Africa that I have chosen to focus on for this inquiry project. This documentary has won a slew of awards and I believe that this reflects its reliability. The film was also aired on PBS, which is a nonprofit network that airs educational programs. I have used PBS as a source for previous research papers that I have completed as well. This source will add depth to the paper by making the text more appealing to the reader and providing vital details, descriptions, and opinions. I will most likely use this is a source because I know that it contains useful information.

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Narcisi, Lina, Andrew Tieniber, Leslie Andriani, and Timothy McKinney. "The Fistula Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Ongoing Struggle in Education and Awareness." Urologic Nursing 30.6 (2010): 341-46. Print. This article contains a comparison between urinary incontinence in the United States to the problem in Africa. The journal gives a history about how, in the United States, surgeons pushed to childbirths in hospitals and fistula became a thing of the past. This article contains statistics from other African countries, but not Ethiopia. The source also contains an extremely scientific explanation as to the different causes of fistula. The most important aspects of this source are the sections about social factors, psychological factors, and the barriers to reaching health care that these women face. This article also contains graphs about the organizations that are currently involved with helping women receive help for fistula. This source is extremely valuable and full of facts and information that I can use in my paper. This article is a little lengthy, but it contains visual representations of data and even a startling photograph of an infection that was caused by a women attempting to cure her fistula without the care of surgeons. The article appears to be professional and contains a layout similar to an article that would be found in a magazine. The source appears to be peer reviewed and, since there are multiple authors, I believe this may mean that the facts have more than likely been double-checked and may therefore more accurate. The authors of this article are gynecologists and nurses who actually work with women on an everyday basis. The bottom of the source also contains a lengthy list of references from other academic journals.

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Obstetric Fistula. International Womens Health Program. The Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. This source defines fistula, its causes, and how it can be prevented. This source also provides valuable quotations and statistics from reputable sources such as BBC or from African surgeons. This website names important organizations that aid women suffering from obstetric fistula and includes a short paragraph as to how the media has helped gain attention for this health problem. At the bottom of the page, these websites are hyperlinked, which is helpful for further research. There is a list of ways to prevent fistula and what is required to accomplish these goals, but there is a lack of information as to how one would go about aiding the cause. Along with this one page specifically about fistula, the links to the side provide more information about the dangers of early marriage and childbirth, HIV and AIDs, and female genital mutilation. Although the source is short, the website contains concise, organized information that is valuable to the general aspect of my topic. The website is not specific to any geographic region, but the definition and implications of obstetric fistula are important components to make the reader understand the topic. The legitimacy of this website was determined when I clicked the link of the websites sponsor and was taken to the site of The Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada, which is an institution that has online memberships, hosted events for women, and information about other important health issues. This website was also mentioned in a scholarly journal that I reviewed but did not choose to use as a source. Wilson, Brenda. Hospital Gives Ethiopian Women a Chance at Care. NPR. 18 Jan. 2007. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.

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I chose this article because it is from NPR, which I know to be a reputable source for news because it is something that my science teachers often relied on in class during high school. This article is specific to Ethiopia and to Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital, which is the same location as the documentary. This source talks about the origins of the nonprofit hospital, along with the founders of it. The article covers the basics of fistula while also giving personal stories about the patients. There is a stress on how young some of the afflicted women are, something not found in the previous sources. Within the article, there is information about a village created for the women that will live with bags outside of their bodies to collect feces and urine for the rest of their lives. This is helpful new information to me that can be used in my paper. This article appears to be useful because it has a section about the role of poverty and how that increases a womens chance for fistula. This article presented new details to me that can be used to expand upon facts collected from other sources.

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Works Cited A Walk to Beautiful. Dir. Mary Olive Smith. PBS, 2011. Film. Narcisi, Lina, Andrew Tieniber, Leslie Andriani, and Timothy McKinney. "The Fistula Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Ongoing Struggle in Education and Awareness." Urologic Nursing 30.6 (2010): 341-46. Print. Obstetric Fistula. International Womens Health Program. The Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. Wilson, Brenda. Hospital Gives Ethiopian Women a Chance at Care. NPR. 18 Jan. 2007.