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Government Leaders and Village Mayors Workshop On Oct 15, 2010
Government Leaders and Village Mayors Workshop On Oct 15, 2010
Table of Contents.
Table of Figures .................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Objectives of the Workshop .................................................................................................................. 5 Workshop Activities .............................................................................................................................. 6 Results of Pre and Post Tests .............................................................................................................. 10 Evaluation Results............................................................................................................................... 12 Overall Discussion and Recommendations. ......................................................................................... 13 Appendix I: Workshop Agenda ............................................................................................................ 14 Appendix II: Summary of Questions and Answers ............................................................................... 15 Appendix III: Pre and Post Questionnaire ............................................................................................ 17 Appendix IV: Evaluation Form ............................................................................................................. 18 Appendix V: Presentations .................................................................................................................. 19 Appendix IV: Photos from Workshop .................................................................................................. 35
Table of Figures
Figure 1 Map of villages represented at the Mayors Workshop ...................................................... 5 Figure 2 MPA designed by Group 1 in Fagaitua. ............................................................................... 7 Figure 3. MPA designed by Group 2 in Aua. ..................................................................................... 8 Figure 4. MPA designed by Group 3 in Nuuuli ................................................................................ 8 Figure 5. MPA designed by Group 4 in Leone. .................................................................................. 8 Figure 6. MPA designed by Group 5 in Fagasa. ................................................................................. 9 Figure 7. MPA designed by Group 6 in Tula ..................................................................................... 9 Figure 8. Percentage of participants that selected different options to describe a MPA before and after the workshop. . ................................................................................................................................. 10 Figure 9. Percentage of participants that selected different options to describe examples of No-Take MPAs in American Samoa before and after the workshop. .............................................................. 10 Figure 10. Percentage of participants that selected different options to answer the percentage of its coral reefs that American Samoa plans to protect inside no-take MPAs before and after the workshop. .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 11. Percentage of participants that selected different options to describe what Spill over means... .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 12. Percentage of participants that selected different options to describe what a Coral is. . ...... 12
Acknowledgements
The No-take MPA Program would like to thank the Director and Deputy Director of the Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, Ufagafa Ray Tulafono and Fuafuamealelei Alofa Tuaumu for their continual support for all the activities of the No-take MPA Program. The workshop would not have been possible without significant financial and logistical assistance from the Information and Education Division (Aquatic Education) of DMWR who organized and paid for the venue and all associated costs. Maria Vaofanua and Lusila Minonetti were the individuals who provided this assistance with their usual sense of fun and graciousness! They also acted as facilitators on the day of the workshop. Fatima Sauafea-Leau also provided invaluable assistance in planning this workshop and helped out as a facilitator and recorded on the day of the event. In addition, Afa Uikirifi and Fale Tuilagi from the Community Based Fishery Management Program also attended the event and helped with taking care of the participants, facilitating groups and answering questions that arose relating to their program. Alice Lawrence who was the MPA Network Coordinator assisted with logistics on the day of the workshop and with taking photographs throughout the workshop. As always, her help was much appreciated and always plentiful. Particular thanks should be given to the Office of Samoan Affairs, in particular the late Honorable Secretary Tufele Liamatua who supported the event from the inception of its planning and spoke from the heart with sincerity about marine conservation issues during the workshop. Last but not least, the No-take MPA Program would like to thank Faletogo Taliloa (High Talking Chief of Fagamalo village) who spoke with passion to the Mayors during the workshop about the creation of the No-take MPA in Fagamalo. Faletogo is leading the way for marine conservation in his village and attempted to inspire Mayors from villages in Tutuila to do similar in their villages. Lucy Jacob, Tafito Aitoato and Sione Lam Yuen The No-take MPA Team.
Introduction
On Friday 15th October 2010, the No-Take Marine Protected Area (MPA) Program collaborated with the Information Education Division to inform Village Mayors that are working in the Office of Samoan Affairs about the No-take Marine Protected Area Program and other marine related issues. Forty five Mayors and community leaders from 33 villages participated in the workshop that was held at the Tradewinds hotel in Tutuila, American Samoa. The villages that were represented were as follows: Fagamalo, Aua, Failolo and Agugulu, Tafuna, Masausi, Asili, Faleniu, Fagatogo, Laulii, Taputimu, Nuuuli, Vailoatai, Vaitogi, Pavaiai, Seetaga, Utulei and Gataivai, Leone, Afono, Alao, Auasi, Vatia, Fagasa, Masefau, Fagaitua, Amaua, Tula, Afao, Sailele, Malaeloa (Ituau), Aoloau, and Alofau. Figure 1 shows a map of all the villages that were represented.
Figure 1 Villages that were represented at the Village Mayors Workshop in October 2010 (in green).
Workshop Activities
The agenda for the Mayors workshop can be found in Appendix I. The introduction included information about the background of the MPA Program, an explanation of the territorial target (20%) and the MPA master plan which guides the program in its activities. Information was also provided about the types of MPAs that are found in American Samoa, including federal and territorial MPAs and Community Based Fishery Management Program (CFMP) villages in American Samoa. The Mayors were given information on what no-take MPAs are and how they benefit fisheries within and outside the MPA villages. In particular they were told about the importance of protecting big fish and about designing MPAs to include all habitat types. After providing basic information on MPAs and the benefits of them, the Mayors were given more information about the process and methods employed by the no-take program. This presentation was a summary of the last four years of work that has been carried out by the MPA Program. Following the first presentation, the Mayors were given an opportunity to ask questions. They were eager to ask questions about the presentations and expressed what they have learnt during the presentations. In actual fact, one Mayor approached the staff after the questions session expressing his frustration at having had his hand up and not being given the opportunity to ask a question! This was because there were a lot of questions and it was not possible to answer them all at this stage although the Mayors were informed that they could approach the staff during the proceeding coffee break if they had additional questions. A summary of the questions asked throughout the day and the issues raised as well as response given can be found in Appendix II. Other presentations that were provided during the day were: The Coral Reefs of American Samoa,; How can MPAs help with Human and Natural Threats?; What is a Network of MPAs? and the Creation of a No-Take MPA in Fagamalos Marine Managed Area. The Fagamalo presentation included a twenty minute talk that was given by the High Talking Chief (Faletogo Tuilagi) of Fagamalo. He wanted to explain to the other Mayors how they can benefit from such a type of management and how they should work together to improve the management of American Samoas marine resources. Copies of all the presentations can be found in the Appendix V.
Group Activities An activity for the Mayors to design their own marine managed areas in certain villages was organized. Nine villages were listed on the board and the Mayors of those villages were asked to step forward. Six Mayors were present and the audience was divided into those six groups. The groups were assigned the villages of 1) Fagasa 2) Amanave 3) Leone 4) Tula 5) Fagaitua and 6) Aua. The instructions for the activity were as follows: 1) Design a marine managed area in their selected village including a no-take portion and draw the boundaries on a map. 2) Write four management actions for their marine managed area. 3) Answer the following three questions: i) Why did you choose the boundaries in the location and of the size that you did? ii) How will the people in the village benefit from this? iii) How will the marine resources benefit? Each group was asked to pick two presenters: one for presenting the MPA design, boundaries and management actions, and the other for answering the three questions. Descriptions of the MPAs that were designed can be found below along with photographs of the groups marine managed areas. Group 1 The first group to present was the Fagaitua Group. They designed a CFMP directly in front of Fagaitua High School and their NoTake MPA was east of the CFMP. Both extended three miles out and their No-Take was for ten years. Both MPAs were between the villages of Utusia and Pagai and the two MPAs were separated by a va. An va is a channel or gap in the coral reefs that allows transportation of organisms, water, nutrients and people in and out of the reef flat or lagoon. They chose this area because they want to protect the fish stocks and marine resources for the village and the island in order that there will be enough supply of fish in the future.
Figure 2 MPA designed by Group 1 who had Fagaitua as their village for this activity.
Group 2 The second group was the village of Aua. This group only designed a notake MPA. Their no-take was directly in front of the village of Aua and they wanted to include 50 feet of the wetland and half a mile of the reef. Their plan was to protect the area for 5 years.
Group 3 The third group was the village of Nuuuli. This group wanted to have their no-take at the tip of the airport in the Pala Lagoon. Their plan was to protect this area for ten years and they mentioned that many problems have been caused by filling the Pala Lagoon area for development.
Group 4 The fourth group was the village of Leone. They chose to have a CFMP in front of the village and a No-Take MPA south of the CFMP. They planned to have a no-take area to protect marine resources and to have no fishing regulations in that area. They selected DMWR to monitor it, conduct village clean ups, manage the area and to protect resources from outsiders.
Figure 5. MPA designed by Group 4 in Leone.
Group 5 The fifth group was the village of Fagasa. They wanted to have a no-take in front of the village to protect marine resources such as octopus, fish and a Samoan Native Tree Futu or Barringtonia asiatica. The Futu is a tree that grows near the coastline. Some villages already use the Futu Tree as an ornamental, and it also produces excellent shade when it is mature.
Group 6 The last group was the village of Tula. They decided to have their no-take MPA at the tip of the village of Tula, southeast of American Samoa and next to the NOAA Weather Station where the Cape of Mattula is. The group chose to have their MPA extending three miles out on the north shore of Tula (between the villages of Onenoa and Alao).
Group 6 chose this area because they want to protect one of the coral reef banks in the area that very few people know about and also to protect a lot of marine resources. The Mayor also mentioned that when he goes spear fishing in the area, he has noticed that there is a cold hole northeast of the area.
More people selected B which is the right answer, after the workshop. Respondents selecting option A decreased from 14% before the workshop to 8% afterwards. Those selecting option B (the correct answer) increased from 78% before the workshop to 88% after and those selecting option C increased from 11% before to 15% afterwards.
Figure 9 Percentage of participants that selected different options to describe examples of NoTake MPAs in American Samoa before and after the workshop. Option A was Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary; option B was Rose Atoll National Marine Monument; and option C was Fagamalo MPA.
The majority of respondents selected option A before the workshop (76%) which reduced to 50% after the workshop. Twenty four percent of respondents selected B before which increased to 35% afterwards. The most common response after the workshop was C with 62 % of the respondents selecting option C. Respondents could select more than one answer for this question which is why the totals add up to more than 100 percent. It is reassuring that 30% of the Mayors learnt about Fagamalo no-take area from listening to the presentation but it is unfortunate that 40 percent of them did not take home the message of Fagamalos No-take area to their villages. Similarly, although 25 percent of the Mayors had understood that Fagatele National Marine Sanctuary is not actually a no10
take area, 50 percent of the Mayors still believed that it was at the end of the workshop. It is not realistic to expect every single participant to listen to and understand every single thing that is said throughout the workshop and the MPA Program staff are reassured that at least some of their messages were taken home by some of the participants.
Figure 10 Percentage of participants that selected different options to answer the percentage of its coral reefs that American Samoa plans to protect inside notake MPAs before and after the workshop. Option A was 10 %; option B was 20%; and option C was 30%.
The majority of respondents answered 30 percent before the workshop (57%) whereas 81 percent of respondents answered 20 percent (the correct answer) after the workshop. This shows that the majority of the Mayors had taken home the correct message from the presentation and were aware of the territorial target.
Figure 11 Percentage of participants that selected different options to describe what Spill over means. Option A was The very high tide that happens at the full moon; option B was Term given to extra fish caught by long liners; and option C was Term given to fish moving outside a no-take MPA.
The majority of respondents had the correct answer before the workshop (76%) although there was a slight increase to 85 percent after the workshop.
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Figure 12 Percentage of participants that selected different options to describe what a Coral is. Option A was A plant; option B was An animal; and option C was Both.
The most commonly given response was option C before (46 percent) and after the workshop (46 percent). The correct answer was option B but the number of Mayors selecting this option actually reduced after the workshop (from 38 percent to 31 percent). This suggests that perhaps it had not been clear to the Mayors during the Coral Reef presentation that corals are in fact animals that depend on single celled plants for food rather than a combination of the two.
Evaluation Results.
A series of five straight forward questions were on the evaluation (Appendix V). The results were as follow: 1) Ninety seven percent said the presentations were clear and they were able to understand them 2) When asked to select their favorite topic, 69 percent said the MPA talk; 34 percent chose the coral reef talk; 28 percent selected the MPA design activity and 17 percent preferred the climate change talk. 3) Ninety seven thought the presenters were knowledgeable. 4) Ninety three percent enjoyed the opportunity and would like to have more similar ones (two said no) 5) Eighty six percent said fishing is a popular activity in their village (3 people said no) These results imply that the workshop was successful in engaging the Mayors and keeping them motivated. The fact that so many would like to have similar workshops suggests that there is a real passion to conserve marine resources amongst the leaders in the communities, particularly given that fishing is such a popular activity in the Samoan culture. It is also interesting that the majority of people liked the first talk the most and also seemed to learn the most from this talk (according the pre and post test results). It could be that they preferred the topic or the presenter or it could also be that this was the first presentation of the day. It is therefore recommended for future workshops to have the most important messages presented early in the day.
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Presentation: Coral reefs of American Samoa Coffee break and Population Pressure video MPAs Presentation: How can MPAs address natural and human threats? Question and answer opportunity Closing remarks
2:45 pm 3:00 pm
Thank you for your time and patience in attending this event.
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A: Since the Mayors position changes over a two year time period, the CFMP for Aua was established when the previous mayor was in charge. Some of the village chiefs are the points of contact. Q: Can your program provide boats to monitor the coastal areas? A: The DMWR Enforcement Division have a boat to assist Q: Malaeloa does not have an ocean, but there is a resource that the villagers depend upon in the past and it still exists to this date. I wonder if there is a program like MPA that will protect and conserve this important resource. (The resource mentioned is the eel) A: This question was referred to Lainie Berry. as it fits with the Wildlife division.
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2. Examples of no-take MPAs in American Samoa include (tick as many as you want) a. Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary b. Rose Atoll National Marine Monument c. Fagamalo MPA
3. American Samoa plans to protect _% of its coral reefs inside no-take MPAs (tick one). a. 10% b. 20% c. 30%
4. Spill-over means (tick one): a. The very high tide that happens at full moon 5. Coral is (tick one): a. A plant b. An animal c. Both b. Term given to extra fish caught by longliners c. Term given to fish moving outside a notake MPA
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Evaluation form
PLEASE FILL THE FORM AND CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER. Name (optional) __________________________________ Village (optional) _________________________________ 1. The presentations were clear and I was able to understand them a. Agree b. Disagree c. Neither
2. My favourite topic was (you can tick more than one): a. MPA talk b. Coral reef talk b. Disagree c. Climate change talk d. The activity
3. The presenter was knowledgeable on the content of the presentation a. Agree c. Neither
4. I enjoyed this opportunity & would like to have more similar opportunities. a. Agree b. Disagree 5. Is fishing a popular activity in your village? Yes Yes No 6. Do you think your village would consider establishing a no-take MPA No Dont know c. Neither
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Appendix V - Presentations
Presentation 1:Introduction to the no-take MPA Program.
I EDUCAT ON
B OLOG CAL
SOC OECONOM C
Background
In 2000 Late Governor Sunia proposed that:
We protect 20% of our coral reefs {and associated habitats} inside no-take MPAs
1) Protect coral reef habitat and enhance fish/invertebrate stocks of target species.
I I B OLOG CAL
I I SOC OECONOM C
I EDUCAT ON
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Vatia
Masausi
Sailele
Aoa
Alofau
Amanave
Alega Reserve
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OlealeFaasaoTumau?
O le ituaiga faasao e faasaina ai soo se ituaiga fagotaga E faatagaina ia nisi o gaoioiga e iai le auau, tofu e fai suesuega E faamoemoe taunuuga lelei i le lagolago sua ma galulue faatasi le Matagaluega o Alamanuia o le Sami ma le Vaomatua ma tagata nuu
Laea Laititi
Laea Lapoa
SPILLOVER
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Nofoaga e aai ai
Nofoaga e olaola ae ai
EducationandOutreach
Advertise MPAs and fishing regulation. Outreach programs for the village Other opportunities (DMWR has funding for an exchange visit to MPAs in Samoa).
MAP OF POTENTIAL MPA SITES CREATED FROM MEETINGS AND LITERATURE REVIEW
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Summarydatafrombiologicalreconnaissancedives
Number of fish species in Tutuila
Investigation into Marine Resource Use and Management in Aunuu, American Samoa
A Community Survey
Reason
Summarydatafrombiologicalreconnaissancedives
Coral Cover at Potential MPA Locations
ParticipatoryLearningandActionworkshop Collective Vision Resource Mapping - Use and Activities Action Plan and Next Steps
Socioeconomic Work
EDUCATIONANDAWARENESSRAISING
60 % of all fishermen interviewed stated that reef fish have declined since they were young The most common recommendation was having a marine protected area
TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF MARINE RESOURCE USE AND MANAGEMENT IN AMERICAN SAMOA (2008)
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EducationandOutreach
Fesili?
Contact info:
The No-take MPA Program Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources P.O. Box 3730 Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Tel: +(684) 633-4456 Fax: +(684) 633-5944 Email: lucyjacob.mpa@gmail.com
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Networks of people involved in MPA Management (Community members, Government staff, private individuals)
ADCP surve
HowistheMPAProgramcreatinganecologicalnetwork?
OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA
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Prevailing Currents
HowistheMPAProgramcreatinganetwork?
A DMWR project is investigating genetic connectivity
Habitat Representation
Conclusion
Connectivity is a very important aspect to MPA Network design
Sand flats
It is important to protect the right places! Different habitats must be represented DMWR/EPA are carrying out projects that can help with network design.
Mangrove
Reef flat
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(MPAs in American Samoa; definition of no-take MPA;long term benefits for fishing/community/education)
September2009October2010 Discussions of boundary/habitat options Presentation to Community Signing of agreement by Fagamalo village and DMWR. Proposed boundaries advertised. Discussions with Aolaou village and revision of boundaries.
Aggregate reef
Pavement
Rubble
Approx area: 0.15mi2, Boundary: shore to 200yds Regulation: No-take for 5 years in Bay Depth: 0 66ft Habitat Coral reef & volcanic pavement.
250 500
1,000 Meters
Habitat categories
Aoloau
Fagamalo Aoloau
Aggregate Reef, Coral, 10%-<50% Aggregate Reef, Coralline Algae, 50%-<90% Pavement, Coral, 10%-<50%
Fagamalo
Pavement, Coralline Algae, 50%-<90% Rock/Boulder, Coral, 10%-<50% Rubble, Coralline Algae, 10%-<50%
Maloata
Maloata
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OriginalCollaborative Scenario
Depth Range:0-97 ft
Predominantly pavement including some variety of coral reef/rubble/ macroalgae Portion of Bank
Excellent size for MPA Includes part of important bank Less coastline impact to fishing activities
Benefits of no-take design Good size to protect fish, (range of habitat/depth ranges & includes bank) The spill-over and larval transport will benefit Fagamalo, Aoloau (& possibly others) The MPA will contribute towards meeting the 20% target. The design is balanced for fishers and resources.
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Presentations 4 and 5: Coral reefs in American Samoa and How can MPAs address natural and human threats?
Mataupu
The Coral Reefs of American Samoa O Aau amu o Amerika Samoa
What is coral? How does coral feed? Types and uses of coral reefs Threats to reefs Balance on the reef Conclusions Questions
O le a le amu?
What is a Zooxanthellae?
Zooxanthellae provides energy for the coral to grow It also provides the coloration of the Coral.
Giant Clams
Sea Anemones
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O ituaiga Amu
O Aau eseese
American Samoa
Solomon Islands
Hard Coral
Soft Coral
Rose Atoll
Mushroom
Massive or Boulder
Branching
Provide Food for Families, Villages and Communities Bush Like Table Soft Feeding and breeding grounds for Fish
Storms
Tsunami
HUMAN
Pollution
Overfishing
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Faaiuga
Coral reefs are living animals Zooxanthellae is very important because it provides food and energy for corals. Without it corals can die Many fish and invertebrates cannot survive without the coral reef Reefs are also important because they help to slow down wave action from hurricanes and storm surge Our reefs are threatened by many human and natural threats and it very important that we do our best to protect them
Fesili?
1. O suiga o le tau 2. O aafiaga i Aau 3. Otaota mai Laufanua 4. Aafiaga o amu 5. O le faaleagaina o aau e ala i Fagotaga 6. O se fesoasoani e ala i le faatulagaina o se faasao
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Ocean acidification
Slow down/prevent growth of coral & other carbonate ba sed marine animals.
Coral bleaching
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SEDIMENTATION
Otaota le sami
SEDIMENTATION
EXCESS NUTRIENTS
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O se fesoasoani a le Porokalama o le Faasao e tusa o faaletonu mai Laufanua Galulue faatasi Aoaoga ma Fetufaaiga Faatalosagaina o ni vaega tupe mo galuega tau vaomatua
Faaiuga
E faigata ona tatou tali atu i suiga o le tau i le lalolagi E ao ona tatou puipui i o tatou gataifale E mafai ona tatou puipuia le gataifale mai otaota mai laufanua O Faasao tumau tau Gataifale e mafai ai ona puipuia le gataifale mai faafitauli e tele O le Galulue faatasi e puipuia ai le gataifale ma mania ai le lumanai
Fesili?
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Tafito Aitaoto Discussing the L50 poster Late Honorable Secretary Tufele Liamatua attending the meeting
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