The Great

Developer
King
Nidrf;at;qm,m

r[mzGHYNzdK;a&; bk&ifBuD;
32

oufawmf&Snf bk&ifrif;jrwf\ twKywdtusOf;

a&S;a[mif;ESihf rsufarSmufacwf urmhordkif;wGif eef;ouft&SnfMumqHk; bk&ifrSm
xkdif;bk&ifBuD;yifjzpfygonf/

oufawmf&Snf xkdif;bk&ifrif;jrwfudk 1927 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv 5 &ufaeYwGif
tar&duefEkdifiH? rufqmcsLqufjynfe,f? uif;b&pfNrdKU zGm;jrifcJhygonf/ aqmifuvm rif;om;ESihf
rif;orD; r[da'g\ wwd,ajrmufom;awmfjzpfonf/ crnf;awmfjzpfolrSm tar&duefwGif
ynmoifMum;aecsdefjzpfonf/ tzdk;awmfolrSm xkdif;EkdifiHudk acwfrDEkdifiHawmfjzpfatmif pGrf;aqmif
cJhol bk&ifrif;jrwf csLvmavmifuGef; (&mr 5) jzpfonf/

bk&ifrif;jrwf\ trnfrSm blrdabmvft'l,m'wfjzpfonf/ touf 2 ESpft&G,fwGif
crnf;awmf rif;om;r[da'g uG,fvGef tedpa&mufcJhonf/ befaumufNrdKUawmfwGif rlvwef;
ausmif;udk acwwufa&muf ynmpwifoifMum;cJhNyD;aemuf rdom;pkESihftwl qGpfZmvefEkdifiHwGif
txufwef;ausmif; wufa&mufcJhonf/ odyHbGJYtwGuf ynmqufvufoifMum;&ef pDpOfaeqJ
tudkjzpfol bk&if tmeef'gr[da'grSm 1946 ckESpf ZGefv 9 &ufaeYwGif &kwfw&uf uG,fvGef
tedpa&mufcJhonfhtwGuf xkdif;EkdifiHodkY jyefvmcJhonf/ aemifawmf\ xD;eef;t&dkuft&mudkf 1946
ckESpf ZGefv 9 &ufaeYwGif qufcHcJhonf/

1950? {NyDv 28 &ufaeYwGif rif;om;BuD; csef'&m rl&dqlewf\ orD;awmfjzpfol
rif;orD;oD&dacwfeSifh pkvsm;&pfywf vufxyfxdrf;jrm;cJhonf/ xkdif;bk&ifrBuD; oD&dacwfudk (1932)
ckeSpf? Mo*kwfv 12 &ufaeYwGif arG;zGm;cJhNyD; ekysKdpOf tcgu urm wpfcGifwGif tacsm tvSqHk; awmf0if
trsKd;orD;rsm;wpfOD; tjzpf xifay: ausmfMum;cJhol jzpfygonf/ xkdif;bk&if blrdabmvft'l,m'wfeSifh
oD&DacwfwkdYonf qGpfZmvefekdifiHwGif ynmoifMum;aepOfuyif &if;eSD; arwmrQcJhMuNyD; 1950
jynfhESpf? arv 5 &ufaeYwGif ]&mZmbdaou} tcrf;tem;udk BuD;us,fpGm qif,ifusif;y bdoduf
cHcJhMuonf/ rif;orD; oD&dacwfonf bk&ifblrdabmvfESifhtwl e,fpGef?e,fzsm;rsm;odkY vkdufygvsuf
jynfoljynfom;rsm;tm; vufaqmifrsm;ay;jcif;? aq;0g;ukoay;jcif;paom vlxktusKd;jyK vkyf
ief;rsm;udk rnnf;rnL vdkufyg aqmif&GufcJhonf/

xdkif;bk&ifonf i,fpOfuwnf;u t&SuftaMumufBuD;ol jzpfovdk pdwfaumif;
eSvHk;aumif;&Sdum cufxef armufMuGm;rI uif;onf/ arwmw&m;jynhf0aom olwpfOD;jzpfonf/
wkdif;ol jynfom;rsm;tay: ulnD &dkif;yif;vkdonfh vlrI0efxrf;pdwf"gwfaMumifh wkdif;jynfeSifh vlrsKd;
tusKd; &Sdrnfh tvkyf[lorQudk tiftm;tjynfheSifh wpdkufrwfrwf o,fydk;aeonf/

bk&ifblrdabmvfESifh bk&ifrBuD; oD&dacwfwkdY EkdifiHtESHY wkdif;cef; vSnfhvnf&mwGif
aemufyg; tpdk;&t&m&Sdrsm;eSifh aqmufvkyfa&; tif*sifeD,mrsm;? txl;ukq&m0efrsm;? oGm;txl;uk
q&m0efrsm;? usef;rma&; 0efxrf;rsm; vdkufygMuonf/ wkdif;cef;vSnfhvnf&m a'orsm;&Sd aq;&Hkrsm;
eSifh yl;aygif; aq;0g; tcrJh uko ay;jcif;rsm;udk aqmif&GufcJhonf/

,aeY xdkif;edkifiHonf tm&SwkdufwGif xGef;opfp? pufrIedkifiHtjzpfodkY a&muf&SdaeNyD jzpf
aomfvnf; v,f,mvkyfief;onfom xkdif;edkifiH\ t"du pD;yGm;a&; ausm&dk; jzpfonf[k xkdif;
bk&ifu vufcHxm;onf/ ]jynfoltwGuf csufcsif; aqmif&Guf} qkdonfrSmbk&ifblrdabmvf\
vufawGY usifhoHk;vsuf &Sdonfh aqmifyk'fwpfck jzpfonf/

2011 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv 5 &ufaeYwGif bk&ifrif;jrwfrSm oufawmf 84 ESpfjynhfNyDjzpfonf/

33

rif;om;
r[da'gESihf
aqmifuvm
rif;orD;
qdkif;0efwdkY\
xdrf;jrm;r*Fvm
pufwifbm
1920

1920

34

tpfrawmf
rif;orD;
uvsmPD
0g'eudk zGm;jrif
- arv 6 &uf
1923

rif;om;
blrdabmudk
tar&duefwGif
arG;zGm; 5 'DZifbm
1927

aemifawmf
rif;om;
tmeEm udk
*smrPDwGif
zGm;jrif - 20
pufwifbm
1925

1925

bk&if r[da'g
uG,fvGef
tedpa&mufcJh/
24 pufwifbm
1929

rif;om; blrdabm
ESihf rdom;pk xkdkif;
EkdifiHodkY jyefvmcJh/
13 'DZifbm 1928

aemifawmf
]uefem&mhZf}
rif;om;
tmeEm
awmfvSefrItNyD;
bl
rdabm\
bk&ifjzpfvmcJh
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yxrqH
k;aom
rwfv 2
ya'o&mZf
a&cJjyifavQmpD;
1934
pepf rS
oifcef;pm
pnf;rsOf;cH
1935
bk&ifpepfodkY
ajymif;vJ
awmf0if
bk&iftmeEm
usihfoHk;
r[da'grdom;pk
xkdif;EkdifiHodkY
ZGefv 24
qGefZvefEkdifiH
bk&iftjzpf
1932
odkY ajymif;a&TU
yxrOD;qHk
aexkdifcJh/
tBudrf jyefvmcJh/
arv 9 &uf?
15 Ed0k ifbm 1938
1933
&mr (7) bk&if
xkdif;xD;eef;udk
pGefYvTwfcJh&/
(t*FvefEkdifiH)24
rwfv 1932

1930

1935

1940

bk&if
&mr (7)
uG,fvGef
arv 30?
1941

1940

bk&if tmeEmESihf
rif;om;blrdabm
xkdif;EkdifiHodkY
jyefvnfa&muf&Sd/
5 'DZifbm 1945

rif;om;
bk&ifblrdabm\
tdrfa&SUpHrif;om;
blrdabm
]&mZbdaou} eef;wuf
r[m0ZD
&
mavmifuGef;udk
&mr (9)
r*Fvmusif;y/
zGm;jrif/
bk&if tjzpf
arv 5 &uf? 1950
28 ZGefv? 1952
xD;eef;
qufcH/
bk&ifrif;jrwf
ZGefv 9?
blrdabmESihf rif;orD;
bk&ifblrdabmESihf
1946
&m*s0efoD&dacwf
rdom;pk befaumuf
udwd,um&wdkY\
NrdKUawmfodkY tNyD;wkdif
aphpyfaMumif;vrf;jcif;
jyefvmcJh/
bk&if
r*Fvm/
2 'DZifbm 1951
tmeEm
19 ZGef? 1949
uG,fvGef/
ZGefv 9?
rif;orD;
1946
bk&ifblrdabmESihf
Oabm
rif;orD; oD&dacwfwdkY\
&wemudk
xdrf;jrm;r*Fvm/
zGm;jrif/
18 {NyDv? 1950
5 {NyD? 1951

1945

1950

rif;orD;
csKvmbGefudk
zGm;jrif
4 ZGef? 1957

rif;orD;
csKvmbGefudk
zGm;jrif
4 ZGef? 1957

rif;orD;
r[mcsufu&D
oD&d'Hkudk zGm;jrif/
2 {NyD? 1955/

1955

1960

35

bk&ifBuD;\ zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrI t,ltq

zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufa&; jyemrsm;ESihf ywfoufNyD;
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vG,fulpGm ajz&Sif;&efjzpfonf/ obm0w&m;\ tpOf
ajymif;vJaerI Oya'otwkdif; todPfynm &,lNyD;
vdkufavsmnDaxG trSDo[JjyK &Sifoefa&;yifjzpfygonf/
om"u aqmif&aomf a&xknpfnrf;rIudk oefYpif&mwGif
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rsm;udk pkyf,loefYpifaponhf enf;vrf;rsm;udkvnf;
toHk;jyKEkdif ygao;onf/

yx0DtajctaeESihf &SifoefaexdkdifrI yHkpHwdkYtay: av;pm;

orI &Sd&rnf[kvnf; bk&ifBuD;u rdefYjrGufrSmMum;onf/


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aqmifEkdifonfudk tBuHPfay;jcif;yifjzpfonf/}


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csrSwfNyD; txufrS atmufodkY nTefMum;tkyfcsKyfonfh

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csOf;uyfrIjzpf\/


bk&ifBuD;u qHk;rpum; ajymMum;cJhzl;onf/

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'etawG;tjrifwdkYudk trsm;jynfol odem;vnf
vG,frnfh acgif;pOfi,frsm;jzihf a&;om;jyKpkwifjycJhonf/

36

zGHYNzdK;a&; vkyfaqmif&m0,f a'owGif;vlxk?

r[mzGHYNzdK;rI bk&ifBuD;ESihf ol\ ukd,fydkif urmausmf 'e

2006 ckESpf? arvwGif ukvor* taxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf udk
zDtmeefu vlom;zGHYNzdK;a&; woufwm pGrf;aqmif&nf atmifjrifrIqk Human
Development Lifetime Achievement Award udk xkdif;bk&ifBuD;tm;
csD;jrihfcJhonf/ bk&ifrif;jrwf\ ]jynfwGif;zlvHkavmufirI pD;yGm;a&;} Sufficiency Economy zGHYNzdK;a&; 'etjriftay: wefzdk;xm;NyD; qkcsD;jrihfjcif;jzpfonf/


jrwfAk'\ oGefoifqHk;rcsufrsm;? rZdry#dy'g - tv,ftvwf
usihfpOf? zGHYNzdK;a&;\ tv,fA[dkwGif jynfolvlxk\ udk,f? pdwfESpfjzm csrf;om
a&;udk t"duxm;&ef? &dk;&mrysuf tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;jzihf zGHYNzdK;a&;udk aqmif
&Guf&ef? pD;yGm;wdk;wufzGHYNzdK;rI yg&m'dkif;ta&GUtay: owdxm; csnf;uyf&ef
ponfh tawG;tjrifrsm;udk aygif;pnf;NyD; bk&ifBuD;u xdkif;jynfolwdkYtwGuf
udk,fydkifzGHYNzdK;rI 'ewpf&yfudk wnfaqmufay;cJhonf/


rsufarSmufacwf urmBuD;\ pD;yGm; zGHYNzdK;wkd;wufa&;wGifvnf;
ta&;ygvSonfh tawG;tjrif wpf&yftaejzihf vufcHxm;&SdMuonf/

Sufficiency
Economy

37

bk&ifrif;jrwf\ qif;&Jom;jynfolvlxktwGuf
awmf0if zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufa&; pDrHudef;rsm;

csufu&D rif;rsKd;quf\ udk;yg;ajrmufrif; jzpf
aom bk&if blrdabmvft'l,m'wf aexdkif&m awmf0if
eef;awmf0ef;twGif;wGif awmf0ifpDrHcsufrsm;twGuf prf;
oyf okawoe oD;ESHpdkufcif;rsm;? opfawmrsm;? tao;pm;
puf&Hki,frsm; xm;&Sdygonf/ pyg;pdkufcif;rsm;? opfoD;0vH
pdkufuGufrsm;? arG;jrLa&;jcHrsm;? ig;uefrsm;? pyg;Budwf puf
wpfvHk;? EkdYcsufpuf&Hk ponfwdkYvnf; yg&Sdonf/ prf;
oyfrIrsm;? okawoersm; atmifjrifonfh tcg0,f v,f
orm;vlxkxH taMumif;Mum;NyD; enf;ynmtopfudk
toHk;jyKcGihf &&Sdaponf/ ausmif;om;rsm;? v,f orm;rsm;
ESihf jynfolvlxkudkvnf; eef;wGif; pDrHcsufrsm;tm;
vma&muf avhvmcGihf jyKxm;onf/

bk&ifrif;jrwf\ ESpf 60 ausmf xD;eef;oufwrf;
umvtwGif; NrKdU&Gm? aus;vuftESHY EkdifiHw0Srf;vHk;&Sd
tajccHvlxkxHodkY yHkrSef oGm;a&mufvnfywfavh&Sdonf/
txl;ojzihf a0;vHoDacgifNyD; zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrI enf;yg;vS
aom aus;vufESihf awmifay:a'orsm;? qif;&JrGJawvS

38

aom vlxk tMum;odkY OD;pm;ay; oGm;a&muf avhvmavh

&Sdygonf/


tusKd;quftaejzihf 1952 ckESpfu pwifcJh
aom awmf0ifpDrHudef; Royal projects ta&twGufrSm
,cktcg 3000 (oHk;axmif) ausmf&SdavNyD/ tajccHvlxk
twGuf ynma&;? usef;rma&;? pD;yGm;a&;? obm0
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avsmhcsa&;ESifh jynfolYtusKd;pD;yGm; zGHYNzdK;a&;twGuf rsm;pGm
taxmuftuljzpfaponf/

21 &mpkwGif vlom;qefvSaom? jynfolwdkY
ESihftwl? jynfolYvlxk\ pdwokc? um,okc jynfhpHka&;
twGuf aexkdif&Sifoefaom xl;jcm;onfh orkdif;wGifrnfh
bk&ifBuD; wpfyg;yifjzpfygonf/

bk&ifrif;jrwf oufawmf &mausmf&Snfygap/

xkdif;0efBuD;csKyf&ifvufESihf tpdk;&tzGJYu
bk&ifBuD;arG;aeYwGif *g&0jyKMuyHk

oufawmf&Snf bk&ifrif;jrwf\ 84 ESpfajrmuf arG;aeYwGif

Mo0g'rdefYcGef; ajymMum;pOf (5 &uf? 'DZifbm? 2011)

39

ukvor*\ vlom;zGHYNzdK;a&; woufwm

pGrf;aqmif&nfatmifjrifrI qk udk bk&ifrif;jrwfrS
vufcH&,lpOf (26 arv 2006)

jrefrmEkdifiH orwBuD; ref;0if;armifESihf

xkdif;bk&ifrif;jrwf
(2-5 rwfv? 1960? &efukef)

acG;cspfaom bk&ifBuD;

40