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EE211 Fall 2012 Handout For Final Exam
EE211 Fall 2012 Handout For Final Exam
r =1
y=sin
x= -1
x=1
x=cos
j y = -j
= r e j = r cos() + j r sin() = x + j y = z
r = x2+y2
x deg
= tan-1 (y/x)
x deg (alt)
0
30
45
60
90
120
135
150
180
210
225
240
270
300
315
330
360
-180
-150
-135
-120
-90
-60
-45
-30
0
x rad
0
Pi/6
Pi/4
Pi/3
Pi/2
Pi
3Pi/2
2Pi
cos(x)
1.000
0.866
0.707
0.500
0.000
-0.500
-0.707
-0.866
-1.000
-0.866
-0.707
-0.500
0.000
0.500
0.707
0.866
1.000
sin(x)
0.000
0.500
0.707
0.866
1.000
0.866
0.707
0.500
0.000
-0.500
-0.707
-0.866
-1.000
-0.866
-0.707
-0.500
0.000
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1/2
1/3
1/4
1/5
1/6
1/7
1/8
1/9
1/10
0
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
-1.47
-1.46
-1.45
-1.43
-1.41
-1.37
-1.33
-1.25
-1.11
-0.79
-84.29
-83.66
-82.87
-81.87
-80.54
-78.69
-75.96
-71.57
-63.43
-45.00
, [ and v( t ) = L di(t)/dt ]
From: Fundamentals of Electric Circuits, 4th Edition, Charles Alexander, Matthew N. O. Sadiku
(under-damped) ( < 0 )
(critical damped) ( = 0 )
it (t ) = ( A1 + A2t )e t
it (t ) = e t ( A1 cos d t + A2 sin d t )
(over-damped) ( > 0 )
i (t ) = it (t ) + iss (t )
s1 = - + (2 - 02 )
s2 = - - (2 - 02 )
02
From: Fundamentals of Electric Circuits, 4th Edition, Charles Alexander, Matthew N. O. Sadiku
(under-damped) ( < 0 )
(critically damped) ( = 0 )
(over-damped) ( > 0 )
vt (t ) = e t ( A1 cos d t + A2 sin d t )
vt (t ) = ( A1 + A2t )e t
v ( t ) = v t ( t ) + v ss ( t ) , [ and i( t ) = C dv(t)/dt ]
Roots:
s2 = - - (2 - 02 )
02
d = (02 - 2 )
s1 = - + (2 - 02 )
s2 + (R/L) s + 1/LC = 0
s2 + (1/RC) s + 1/LC = 0
Characteristic Equation:
v
d 2 v R dv
v
+
+
= s
2
L dt LC LC
dt
d 2i 1 di
i
Is
+
+
=
dt 2 RC dt LC LC
d = (02 - 2 )
Roots:
Characteristic Equation:
avg
max
8 R TH
VTH
R L = R TH
dc
max
= RC
it (t ) = e t ( A1 cos d t + A2 sin d t )
d/dt i(0) = A2 A1
d/dt i(0) = A2 d A1
it (t ) = ( A1 + A2t )e t
Square (Square root) relationships: 12=1, 22=4, 32=9, 42=16, 52=25, 62=36, 72=49, 82=64, , 92=81, 102=100, 112=121, 122=144
= L/R
st
d/dt Ae = sAest
4 R TH
VTH
ZL = Z*TH = R TH j XTH
ZTH = R TH + j XTH
Max ac avg.
power is: