Villages, Women, and the Success of Dairy Cooperatives in India: Making Place for Rural Development

Indias cooperative dairying program is widely celebrated as an example of successful rural development, yet the meanings of this success have been understood mainly through the pronouncements of national and international development agencies. Within such official narratives, there has been relatively little engagement with the geographies of dairy development, both its place-specific productions through political contests, availabilities of labor, and distributions of agricultural resources, and the unevenness of its outcomes across rural India. This absence is even more surprising given that village-level cooperatives comprise the foundation of Indias dairy development program, and the work of women within rural households is continuously invoked as an integral part of the dairy work. This book extends and enriches current understandings of cooperative dairying in India to show both its value to rural communities as well as the limitations of its participatory structures. Combining comparative and ethnographic approaches, explanations for the diverse outcomes of cooperative dairying are provided from the perspective of the people and places directly involved in the everyday reproductions of rural development. The two villages at the center of the bookone in the state of Gujarat in western India where the cooperative model of dairy development originated and the other in the state of Madhya Pradesh in central India where cooperative dairying was replicatedare examples of how to overcome the success/failure binary in existing evaluations of dairy development. This book contributes to existing understandings of rural development and rural geographies in four significant ways. First, by following histories of development from their local origins to their national and international appearances, the global genealogies that are usually attached to development are rendered more complex. Second, by connecting cooperatives to place, the ways in which participation in development reflects local struggles for power and, hence, are structured through local inequalities, is revealed. Third, by linking dairying and agriculture, the continuing importance of resource distributions in shaping the outcomes of rural development is highlighted. Finally, the crucial role of household divisions of labor in the success of village dairy cooperatives is explicated

through showing how struggles over the meanings of rural womens work become key to enabling household-level participation in dairying. This book provides an appreciation of the many meanings of being rural in the contemporary context by emphasizing place-based diversities in the unfolding of rural development and highlighting differences within and between rural places. Given that the future of rural places is constantly shadowed by announcements of the impending urbanization of the world, it is useful to reflect on the ways in which rural places neither accede to the erasure of their distinctiveness nor remain disconnected from the wider global economy. Overall, this book represents a renewed interest in grassroots approaches to poverty alleviation, showing how local communities work toward ensuring the viability of their livelihood options. This book is of interest to scholars in a wide range of disciplinary and interdisciplinary fields, including geography, sociology, anthropology, rural studies, development studies, gender studies, and regional studies of India.