PIMEarthquakeDamage Assessmentand ReconstructionReport

Haiti
March2010

InvestmentClimateDepartment WorldBankGroup

WithfundingfromFIAS,themultidonorinvestmentclimateadvisoryservice

AbouttheInvestmentClimateDepartmentoftheWorldBankGroup(IC) TheInvestmentClimateDepartmentoftheWorldBankGrouphelpsgovernments implementreformstoimprovetheirbusinessenvironment,andencourageandretain investment,thusfosteringcompetitivemarkets,growthandjobcreation.Fundingis providedbytheWorldBankGroup(IFC,MIGAandtheWorldBank)andoverfifteen donorpartnersworkingthroughthemultidonorFIASplatform. Thefindings,interpretationsandconclusionsincludedinthisnotearethoseofthe authoranddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewoftheExecutiveDirectorsoftheWorld BankGrouporthegovernmentstheyrepresent.

TableofContents
1.Summary .....................................................................................................................................4 . 2.Background&Scope ...................................................................................................................5 . 3.DescriptionofDamageEvaluationProcedures...........................................................................6 4.DamageAssessmentofPIMIndustrialBuildings........................................................................7 5.ConstructionCompaniesandEarthquakeResistantMaterialsRequiredforReconstructing FactoryShells.................................................................................................................................13 6.CostEstimatestoReconstructPIMFactoryShells....................................................................14

1.Summary

Following the devastating magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake in Haiti, IC conducted a first stage evaluation for the garment factories at the Parc Industriel Metropolitain (PIM) (also known as SONAPI)andasitevisittothemainportofHaiti(1519Feb.2010). For PIM the overall performance was acceptable. There were no collapsed structures and preliminary conclusions suggest that only (1) one factory shell should be demolished, (10) ten factoryshellswouldrequiremayorrepairandtheremaining(35)thirtyfivebuildingswillrequire minorrepairs.Three(3)factorieswerenotinspectedbecausetwowereoccupiedbytheUNand one was closed and the owner did not grant access. According to this quick assessment, the total estimated cost of repair/rebuilding these shells to earthquakeresistant standards would bearoundUS$20.7(averageofUS$415,418pershell). InadditiontothePIMfactories,theteaminspectedthemainportofHaitiandtheroadleading to the port. The port infrastructure, both at north and south piers, was heavily damaged, unusable, thus requiring a major reconstruction. Part of the dock discharge area sunk and its twocranesaredamaged.Thebuildingsholdingcontainersareabouttocollapse.Theoperators areusingsomealternativeoptions,includingtwomovingbargesrentedfromCrowleyMaritime, a US firm, that have been used as temporary docks for cargo. Crowley Maritime was also workingtoclearthefallencranesfromtheportinadditiontoremovingotherdebrisandhelp increase the flow of goods in and out of Haiti. In general the port infrastructure was heavily damaged.Partofthedischargeareasunk,the(2)twocranesthatusedtooperatearedamaged andthebuildingsdesignatedforcontainerstorageareonthevergeofcollapse.Currently,the portisusingalternativeoptionstooperate,includingtwomovingbargesrentedfromaUSfirm. The road was not heavily damaged and firms encountered minimal disruption in transporting theirgoodstotheport.Theroadwasheavilycongestedduetoincreasedtrafficcausedbythe reliefoperators. None of the buildings or structures other than the port had any architectural or structural drawingsorinformationthatcouldgiveanideaoftheirstructuralsystem.Therefore,thenext stepforanyevaluationand/ormoredetailedcostestimatesshouldbetomeasureandproduce "asbuilt"engineering/architecturaldrawings. Recommendation: PIMdoesnotonlyneedtorebuildthedamagedstructures,theparkshouldexpandifitisto solveoneofthemostimportantbottlenecksinHaitiforthegarmentsectorexpansion/job creationintheshortterm:lackofservicedland.Itwouldbeamissedopportunitytoseek fundingandbudgetforthereconstructionofPIMonly.PIMdoesnotonlytorebuildexisting shellsbutbuildmoreofthem. TheICteamundertookinOct.09aprefeasibilityreportfortheexpansionofPIMtoinclude19 additionalshells,whichcouldinvolvethecreationof9,000jobsforthePortauPrinceregionin directemployment.Thecostoftheexpansion(PhaseI,IIandIII)wasestimatedat$24,5m.In December2009theInterAmericanDevelopmentBank(IDB)committed$4mtoundertaking PhaseIofthePIMexpansion.NeedlesstosaythattheseadditionalshellsinPIMwouldbe oversubscribedbyexistingtenantsofbasedoncurrentexpressionsofinterestofgarment companies.

 According to both prefeasibility reports undertaken by IC the cost of reconstruction and expansionworkofPIMwouldbe$45,2mtotakeadvantageofthecurrentcatastrophicsituation asanopportunitytoimproveprivatesectordevelopmentandjobcreationintheshortterm.

2.Background&Scope

Amagnitude7.0MwearthquakestruckHaitionJanuary12,2010at21:53UTC,approximately 25km(16mi)WSWfromPortauPrinceatadepthof13km(8.1mi)ontheEnriquilloPlantain GardenfaultsystemaccordingtotheUSGSdata.StrongshakingwasassociatedwithintensityIX ontheModifiedMercalliscale(MM),arangethatcancausemoderatetoveryheavydamage eventoearthquakeresistantstructures. The quake occurred at the boundary of the Caribbean plate and North American plate, which accommodates 20millimeters (0.79in) per year. The strikeslip fault system in the region has two branches in Haiti, the SeptentrionalOrient fault in the north and the EnriquilloPlaintain Gardenfaultinthesouthwhichaccommodatesabout7millimetersperyear.Bothitslocation and focal mechanism suggest that the January 2010 quake was caused by a rupture of the EnriquilloPlaintain Garden fault, which had been locked for 250years, gathering stress, since lastquakeonApril8th1760. The island where Haiti is located is on a high seismicity risk area. For this reason a comprehensiveassessmentofexistingbuildingsshouldbeevaluatedand,ifneeded,reinforced sothatHaitiisreadyforfutureseismicactivity. The objective of this piece of work is to conduct a rapid technical assessment of the reconstructionrequirementsandcostsforPIMandthelogisticsinfrastructureinPortauPrince. ThefourdaymissiontoHaitifocusedonvisiting49buildingshousinggarmentoperationsinside PIM,performingavisualinspectionandseekingarchitecturalorstructuraldrawingsinorderto estimate the seriousness of damage and estimate repair/rebuilding costs of such industrial buildings. No assessment was done of damaged machinery or equipments, lost sales, opportunitycostofworkersbeingusedfornonproductivetasks,oranyotherlossesthatoccur undersuchanaturaldisaster.Costofdemolitionwillneedtobeaddedwhererelevant. Thisreportpresentsanevaluationofthedamagesandrepair/reconstructionrecommendations by building, suggests materials needed, identifies vendors and availability in the country, and estimates overall cost for the repair/reconstruction of PIM, taking into account more earthquakeresistantstructures.

3.DescriptionofDamageEvaluationProcedures

The damage evaluation procedures seek to identify the damage caused by January 12th earthquake and understand future building performance in case another earthquake hits Port auPrince.Thespecificobjectivesofthisinvestigationwereto: a) Gather information on the characteristics of the damaging ground motion at the buildingsite; b)Verifythegeneralphysicalcharacteristicsofthebuilding; c)Identifystructuralcomponentsandelementsofthelateralforceresistingsystem; d)Determinestructuralpropertiesofthecomponentsinsufficientdetail; e)Observeandrecorddamagetothecomponents; f) Distinguish, to the extent possible, between damage caused by the earthquake and damagethatmayhaveexistedpriortotheearthquake. The evaluation followed the methodology of FEMA 306 ("Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings")1 and surveyed the structures within PIM. Methods for inspectingandtestingconcreteandmasonrywallbuildingsforearthquakedamagefallintotwo generalcategories:nondestructiveandintrusive.Themethodologyappliedforthisassessment usedanondestructiveinspectionprocedures,especiallyusingvisualobservationofallelements andcomponentsoflateralloadresistingsystemstodetectcracklocationandsize,spalllocation andsize,reinforcingiffound(locationandbuckling),aswellaselementthickness.Alldamaged sites and buildings were photographed for further reference and analysis. The consultant also requestedarchitecturalorstructuraldrawings,butnonewereavailable. For the reasons above the consultant urges additional evaluation to the shells, including measurement, drafting of "as built" engineering/architectural drawings, and analysis of the assembly of each individual component of the buildings. This would shed light not only on building safety, but also on the main causes of damage to the structures, and may reveal component behavior that differs from that predicted by this evaluation. By determining how structuralpropertieschanged,performancerestorationactionscouldbeformulatedtorestore thedamagedbuildingstoearthquakesafestandards.Thiswouldalsoprovidethefoundationfor amoredetailedrepair/reconstructioncostestimateperbuilding.

http://www.fema.gov/library/file?type=publishedFile&file=fema306.pdf&fileid=e56b9cd01e5511dbb486 000bdba87d5b

4.DamageAssessmentofPIMIndustrialBuildings

Figure1providesamasterplanofthePIMarea.Thebuildingswerevisuallyinspectedinternally andexternally. Figure1

Source:SONAPI

There are four structural systems which are explained in table 1. Each structure responded differentlytotheseismicactivityandinaccordancewiththetypeofsoilsandfoundations.

Table1:StructuralSystems
Type StructuralSystems Steelframewithvariablesectiononcolumnsand beams,supportedonconcretecolumnbases. Ceilingissteeldeckroofing,nonrigiddiaphragm. Theenclosingwallsarenotconnectedtothe mainstructure. Example

Str1

Concretevariablesectioncolumnswithenclosing unreinforcedmasonryrestrainingthe displacements.Ceilingissteeldeckroofing supportedonsteeltrusses,nonrigiddiaphragm.

Str2

Str3

Steelframewithvariablesectiononcolumnsand beams,supportedonconcretecolumnsbases, theenclosingwallsareconnectedtothemain structure.Ceilingissteeldeckroofing,nonrigid diaphragm.

Str4

ConcreteMomentResistingFramewithconcrete slabsonthefirstfloorandsteeldeckontheroof (Secondfloor).Theenclosingwallsare unreinforcedmasonryrestrainingthe displacements.Itwasevidentthecaptive columnsallovertheperimeterofstructure.

While no clear conclusions can be drawn from this exercise, preliminary findings suggest that theresilienceofthestructurestoseismicactivitieswereasfollows(inorderfromstrongestto weakest):Str1,Str3,Str2,andStr4.

Table2summarizesthedamagesfoundineachbuildinginspectedinsidePIM.

Table2:ReportofDamages
N 1 2 3 BUILDING(B) B1_UN B2_CLOSE_UN B3 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM N/A N/A Str3 DAMAGE N/A N/A Closingwalls:moderate CONDITION N/A N/A Usable RECOMMENDATIONS N/A N/A a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions.

N 4

BUILDING(B) B4

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Str2

DAMAGE Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofallcolumns.Steel trussconcretecolumn connection.Officestructural wallsheavilydamageand roofalso. Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns.Steel trussconcretecolumn connection.Officestructural wallsdamage. Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns.Steel trussconcretecolumn connection.Officestructural wallsminimumdamage. Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns.Steel trussconcretecolumn connection.Officestructural wallsheavilydamage. Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns.Steel trussconcretecolumn connection.Officestructural wallsheavilydamage. Closingwalls:moderate, somebeamsandcolumns

CONDITION NotUsable

RECOMMENDATIONS a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions.

B5

Str2

NotUsable

a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. N/A

B6

Str2

NotUsable

B7

Str2

NotUsable

B8

Str2

NotUsable

B9_SONAPI

Str4

Usable

10

B10

Str2

11

B11

Str1

12

B12

Str1

13

B13

Str1

Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns.Steel trussconcretecolumn connection.Officestructural wallsdamage. Closingwallshavemoderate damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns. Officestructuralwalls damage. Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns. Officestructuralwalls damage. Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns.

NotUsable

Usable

Usable

Usable

14

B14_UN

N/A

N/A

N/A

N 15

BUILDING(B) B15

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Str2

DAMAGE Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofallcolumns.Steel trussconcretecolumn connection.Officestructural wallsheavilydamage. Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns.Steel trussconcretecolumn connection.Officestructural wallsdamage. Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns.Steel trussconcretecolumn connection.Officestructural wallsdamage. Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns.Steel trussconcretecolumn connection.Officestructural wallsdamage. Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns.

CONDITION NotUsable

RECOMMENDATIONS a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints.

16

B16

Str2

Usable

17

B17

Str2

Usable

18

B18

Str2

NotUsable

19

B19

Str3

NotUsable

20

B20

Str2

21

B21

Str1

Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofallcolumns.Steel trussconcretecolumn connection. Closingwallshavemoderate damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns.

NotUsable

Usable

22

B22

Str4

Allcolumnsandbeams developedplastichingeat differentlocations.Noshear wallsfound. Closingwallshavemoderate damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns. Officestructuralwalls damage. Closingwallshavemoderate damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns. Officestructuralwalls damage. Closingwallshavemoderate damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns.

NotUsable

23

B23

Str1

Usable

24

B24

Str1

Usable

25

B25

Str1

Usable

26

B26

Str1

Closingwallshaveminimum damage.

Usable

10

N 27

BUILDING(B) B27

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Str1

DAMAGE Closingwallshavemoderate damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns.

CONDITION Usable

RECOMMENDATIONS a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopenhead joints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoeregions.

28

B28

Str1

29

B29

Str1

Closingwallshavemoderate damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns.Main entranceshouldberebuilt completely. Closingwallshavemoderate damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns.

Usable

Usable

30

B30

Str1

Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns. Officestructuralwalls damage. Closingwallshave moderatedamage,plastic hingeat baseofmostcolumns.

Usable

31

B31

Str1

Usable

32

B32

Str1

Closingwallshave moderatedamage,plastic hingeat baseofmostcolumns.

Usable

33

B33

Str1

34

B34

Str1

Closingwallshaveheavy damage,plastichingeat baseofmostcolumns. Officestructuralwalls, beamsandcolumns damage. Closingwallshave moderatedamage,plastic hingeatbaseofmost columns.Office structuralwallsdamage. Closingwallshave moderatedamage,plastic hingeatbaseofmost columns.Office structuralwallsdamage. Closingwallshave moderatedamage,plastic hingeatbaseofmost columns.

Usable

Usable

35

B35

Str1

Usable

36

B36

Str1

Usable

a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions.

11

BUILDING(B)

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

DAMAGE

CONDITION

RECOMMENDATIONS

37

B37

Str1

38

B38

Str1

39

B39

Str1

Backclosingwallhas severedamage.Alsoan adjacentstructureonthe lefthadsomeproblems. Plastichingeat baseofsomecolumns. Backclosingwallhas severedamageandsome onlateral.Plastichingeat baseofsomecolumns. Officewallshave moderatetoheavy damage. Backclosingwallhas severedamageandsome onlateralwalls.Plastic hingeat baseofsomecolumns. Backclosingwallhas severedamageandsome onlateralwalls.Plastic hingeatbaseofsome columns. Closingwallshave moderatedamage.Plastic hingeatbaseofsome columns.Officegotsome constructionjointcracks. Closingwallshave moderatedamage.Plastic hingeatbaseofsome columns.Officegotsome constructionjointcracks. Closingwallshave moderatetoheavy damage.Plastichingeat baseofsomecolumns.

Usable

Usable

a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints.

Usable

40

B40

Str1

Usable

41

B41

Str1

Usable

42

B42

Str1

Usable

43

B43

Str1

Usable

44

B44

Str1

Closingwallshave moderatetoheavy damage.Plastichingeat baseofsomecolumns.

Usable

45

B45

Str1

Closingwallshave minimumdamage.

Usable

46

B46

Str1

Closingwallsandoffice haveminimumdamage.

Usable

12

BUILDING(B)

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

DAMAGE

CONDITION

RECOMMENDATIONS

c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. 47 B47 Str1 Closingwallsandoffice haveminimumdamage. Usable a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints.

48

B48

Str1

Closingwallshave minimumdamage.

Usable

49

B49

Str1

Closingwallsandoffice havemoderatedamage, plastichingeatbaseof mostcolumns.

Usable

a)Replace/Drypackdamageunits. b)Reappointspalledmortarandopen headjoints. c)Injectcracksandopenheadjoints. d)Installpinsanddrilleddowelsintoe regions.

Accordingtotheinspection,thefindingssuggestthatforPIM: 35buildings(71.4%)areusable 10buildings(20.5%)arenotusableandneedmayorrepair 1factoryshell(2.0%)shouldbedemolished 3 buildings (6.1%) were not inspected because Buildings 1 and 2 were occupied by the UnitedNations,andaccesswasnotgrantedtoBuilding14.

5.ConstructionCompaniesandEarthquakeResistantMaterials RequiredforReconstructingFactoryShells
The engineering mission confirmed that there are construction companies, both Haitian and foreign, capable of successfully completing the PIM reconstruction according to regional earthquakeproof standards. The firms indicated that they were available to provide repair servicesimmediately2. Earthquakeresistantconstructionmaterialssuchasconcrete,blocksandsteelreinforcingbars are also available in Haiti, but materials like steel (rolled shapes and roof decks), grout for injections,andepoxyneedtobeimported,andifavailableinHaiti,supplyisverylimited. Specialattentionshouldbeputonthequalityofconcreteblocks.Theinspectionsrevealedthat builders had used very poor quality concrete blocks. It is therefore strongly recommended to verifyqualitywiththesupplier.Table3showsmaterialsrequiredtorepairthefactories,their pricesandavailabilityinHaitiandpossiblesuppliers.

Thislistisbynomeanscomprehensiveofallconstructioncompaniesavailable,andshouldbeusedasanindication only.

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 Table3:AvailabilityofMaterialsRequiredtoReconstructingFactoryShellsinHaiti
Material Cement ReadyMixConcrete ConcreteBlocks(MasonryUnits) Reinforcingbars Steel,grout,epoxy Price (Gourde) 290.00 331.00 34.00 40,000.00 N/A Measure Bags m3 Units Ton. Ton./m3 Availability inHaiti YES YES YES YES NO SupplierContacted CementNationale,Cemex GDGBetron,Betonex BlockD'Haiti AcierieD'Haiti Imported

6.CostEstimatestoReconstructFactoryShells
The evaluation was based on a rapid visual screening of forty nine (49) structures in PIM. Therefore, only rough estimates of structural repairs costs are provided. These estimates are based on engineering judgment as well as on the cost estimates from previous work for the SONAPIbuildings.Estimatedcostsperfactoryarebasedonthestandard30mx70msizefactory shellsfoundinsidePIM(withtheexceptionofbuilding#22whichisatwostorybuilding).The costestimatesarebasedonreconstructionofbuildingstoregionalearthquakesafestandards. Theroughestimatestoreconstructareshownintable4.

Table4:DamagecostestimatesPIM
N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 BUILDING B1_UN B2_CLOSE_UN_AREA B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9_SONAPI B10 B11 B12 B13 B14_UN B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 PERCENTAGEDAMAGE ESTIMATE(%) 0 0 30 40 40 45 60 60 30 40 25 30 30 0 65 40 35 50 45 45 30 100 35 COSTESTIMATE(USD$) 390,978.00 521,304.00 521,304.00 586,467.00 781,955.00 781,955.00 390,978.00 521,304.00 325,815.00 390,978.00 390,978.00 847,118.00 521,304.00 456,141.00 651,629.00 586,467.00 586,467.00 390,978.00 2,085,213.00 456,141.00

14

N 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

PERCENTAGEDAMAGE ESTIMATE(%) B24 40 B25 20 B26 10 B27 25 B28 25 B29 20 B30 45 B31 30 B32 35 B33 45 B34 35 B35 35 B36 25 B37 25 B38 25 B39 15 B40 15 B41 20 B42 20 B43 30 B44 30 B45 10 B46 15 B47 15 B48 15 B49 25 TOTALESTIMATEUSD$ BUILDING

COSTESTIMATE(USD$) 521,304.00 260,652.00 130,326.00 325,815.00 325,815.00 260,652.00 586,467.00 390,978.00 456,141.00 586,467.00 456,141.00 456,141.00 325,815.00 325,815.00 325,815.00 195,489.00 195,489.00 260,652.00 260,652.00 390,978.00 390,978.00 130,326.00 195,489.00 195,489.00 195,489.00 325,815.00 20,656,664.00

Asmentionedabove,theestimatesshouldbefinetunedwhenadditionaldetailedevaluations arecompleted. March2010

15