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    Sreekanth Padman
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    The document discusses different mineral groups that make up the Earth's crust. It states that 98% of the crust is composed of just 8 elements, with oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium being the most abundant. The majority of minerals fall into one of two main groups - silicates and carbonates. Silicates, which comprise nearly 3/4 of the crust, are formed from the basic building block of silicon dioxide tetrahedra bonded together. Non-silicate minerals, like carbonates, sulfates and halides, make up less than 1/4 of the crust but include economically important minerals such as calcite, halite and gypsum.

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    The document discusses different mineral groups that make up the Earth's crust. It states that 98% of the crust is composed of just 8 elements, with oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium being the most abundant. The majority of minerals fall into one of two main groups - silicates and carbonates. Silicates, which comprise nearly 3/4 of the crust, are formed from the basic building block of silicon dioxide tetrahedra bonded together. Non-silicate minerals, like carbonates, sulfates and halides, make up less than 1/4 of the crust but include economically important minerals such as calcite, halite and gypsum.

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    56 views14 pages

    Mineral Groups

    Uploaded by

    Sreekanth Padman
    The document discusses different mineral groups that make up the Earth's crust. It states that 98% of the crust is composed of just 8 elements, with oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium being the most abundant. The majority of minerals fall into one of two main groups - silicates and carbonates. Silicates, which comprise nearly 3/4 of the crust, are formed from the basic building block of silicon dioxide tetrahedra bonded together. Non-silicate minerals, like carbonates, sulfates and halides, make up less than 1/4 of the crust but include economically important minerals such as calcite, halite and gypsum.

    Copyright:

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    of 14

    Mineral Groups

    Mineral Groups

    Minerals are made up of elements.


    98% by weight of the Earths crust is made up of only 8 elements.

    While nearly 4000 minerals have been identified and named, only a few dozen minerals are abundant.
    These minerals are referred to as the
    Rock Forming Minerals.

    Rock Forming Minerals

    98% of the Earths crust is made up of these elements:


    1.Oxygen (O) 2. Silicon (Si) 3. Aluminum (Al) 4. Iron (Fe) 5. Calcium (Ca) 6. Sodium (Na) 7. Potassium (K) 8. Magnesium (Mg)

    Mineral Groups: Silicates

    Oxygen and Silicon are the most abundant elements on the earth's crust. Silicates comprise nearly of the earths continental crust.
    O + Si together combine to form the framework of all silicates.

    Mineral Groups: Silicates

    The basic building block of all silicates is the SiO2 tetrahedron.

    Mineral Groups: Silicates

    Mineral Groups: Silicates

    Tetrahedra are joined together into chains, sheets or 3 dimensional networks by sharing oxygen atoms. The primary elements that join silicates together are:
    Fe (iron), Mg (magnesium), K (potassium), Na (sodium) and Ca (calcium)

    Mineral Groups: Silicates

    Mineral Groups: Silicates


    Most

    silicates form from molten rock as it cools. silicates structure and composition indicates the conditions under which it was formed.
    Ex: low pressure and temperature : quartz
    High temperature and pressure: olivine

    Each

    Mineral Groups: Silicates

    Common silicate minerals:


    Formula (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 (Mg,Fe)SiO3 Ca2(Fe,Mg)5Si8O22(OH)2 K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 KAL2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 KAlSiO3 (Ca, Na)ALSi3O8 SiO2 Augite Hornblende Biotite Muscovite Orthoclase Plagioclase Example

    Mineral Olivine Pyroxene group Amphibole group Micas

    Feldspars

    Quartz

    Mineral Groups: Carbonates

    The next most abundant mineral group are the carbonates.


    Although they only make up less than of the continental crust.

    CO32- (+ one or more positive ions)

    Mineral Groups
    Non-silicate minerals make up less than of the continental crust.
    Most

    non-silicates are valued for their commercial uses


    Most belong to one of these mineral classes:
    Carbonates, Sulfates, and Halides

    Non-Silicate Minerals

    Most non-silicates are valued for their commercial uses Ex:


    Calcite: CaCO3
    Major component of marble & limestone

    Halite, NaCl
    Table salt

    Gypsum, CaSO4 2H2O


    Calcium sulfate, plaster and other construction/building supplies.

    Mineral Groups: Non Silicates


    Mineral Group
    Oxides

    Name
    hematite magnetite corundum Ice

    Economic Use
    Ore of iron, pigment Ore of iron Gemstone, abrasive Solid form of water Ore of lead Ore of zinc Sulfuric acid production Ore of copper Ore of mercury plaster plaster Drilling Mud Fe2O3 Fe3O4 Al2O3 H2O PbS ZnS FeS2 CuFeS2 HgS CaSO4 CaSO4 BaSO4 2H2O

    Sulfides

    Galena Sphalerite Pyrite Chalcopyrite Cinnabar

    Sulfates

    Gypsum Anhydrite Barite

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