NDE

(VT) (MT)
(PT) (RT) (UT)
NDE

a.

b. ()

c. NDE

d.
NDE

ANSI B 31.1
Table 127.4.2
Reinforcement of Girth and Longitudinal Butt Welds

in.(m m )

750 (400 )

350 ~ 750
(175 ~ 400 )
In.
mm

In.

mm

1/8 (3.0)

1/16

2.0

3/32

> 1/8~3/16 (3.0~5.0)

1/16

2.0

> 3/16~1/2 (5.0~13.0)

1/16

> 1/2~1 (13.0~25.0)

350
(175 )
In.

mm

2.5

3/16

5.0

1/8

3.0

3/16

5.0

2.0

5/32

4.0

3/16

5.0

3/32

2.5

3/16

5.0

3/16

5.0

> 1~2 (25.0~50.0)

1/8

3.0

1/4

6.0

1/4

6.0

> 2 (50.0)

5/32

4.0

> 1/4(6m m )or 1/8 x

NDE


NDE
B31.1 1992

NDE

T 750(400C), 350(175 C)T750 400C),

136.4

P1,025psig

NPS2RT

NPS2 3/4RT

(:)

NPS2 PT MT

3/4VT

:VT

NPS4 RT

NPS43/4RT

NPS4 PT MT

3/4VT

:VT

PT MT

:VT

:VT

Notes:()
NDE

2
a.
b. NDE
c.

NDE

3
a.
b.
c.
d. NDE
()

NDE


a. NDE
b.
c. NDE
d.

NDE


a.
b.

c.
d.

NDE


a.
;
???
?
b. NDE?
c. ?
NDE

10


a.

b.

NDE

11


1.(Flaw)

2.(Defect)
,

NDE

12

()
3.(Discontinuity)

NDE
(Indication)

(Flaw)
,,

4.(Indication)NDE

:PT,;UT
;

NDE

13

UT
RT
MT
PT
ET
VT
TIR
NDE

14


ASME SEC.XI

1. Surface Examination ()
2. Volumetric Examination ()
3. Visual Examination ()

NDE

15

 (1/2)
UT

RT

PT

1.

2.

MT

 (2/2)

ET

VT

TIR


(Imperfection)
B31.1 1992

136.4.1

VT

MT

PT

RT

UT

()

1,2

1,2

1,2

1,2

1,2

1,2

* 1.
* 2.
* 3.

(1/8)
1. (1/4)

AWS A24 NDE

5-365-37
5-38

NDE

19

(1/8)
1. (2/4)

5-36
NDE

20

(1/8)
1. (3/4)

5-37
NDE

21

(1/8)
1. (4/4)

5-38
NDE

22

(2/8)
2.(1/2)
(1)

NDE

23

(3/8)
2.(2/2)
(2)

NDE

24

(4/8)
3.

()

B
L mm

NDE

25

NDE

26

NDE

27


NDE

28


NDE

29

(5/8)
4.

NDE

30

(6/8)
5.

(7/8)
6.

NDE

32

(8/8)
7.

NDE

33

NDE

34


1.

2.
3.
4.
NDE

35

NDE

36


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

()

()

NDE

38

(:)

NDE

39

MT

1500A

6000A
NDE

40

MT

NDE

41


NDE

42


NDE

43

(WELD PT)

1.2.3.
(Oil and Whiting Process
Kerosene or Light Oil)

(crack) (seam)(lap)
(lamination)
NDE

44

()

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
NDE

45

()

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1.
2.
3.

4.
5.
NDE

46

PT()

NDE

47

NDE

48

PT()
(/)
(7/)
(/)

(/10~30)

NDE

49

1.
.
.
.
.
2.
.
.
.
.
.
.

NDE

51

()

NDE

52

NDE

53

#2MS EOC-18
2009/11/16

NDE

54


1.xr(possess)

2.

3.

4.

NDE

55

RT

X or

Radiation
Penetrate
the Sample

Exposure Recording Device

NDE

56

RT()

,
,
- .

X-ray
,
,
- .

NDE

57

()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
NDE

58

()
7.

(Inhomogeneous)
(Discontinuities)
(Flaw)

(Defects)
NDE

59


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
NDE

60


1.

a).x
b).r
c).
.
(Thousand Electron
Volts, Kev)
.(Million
Electron Volts, Mev)
NDE

61

2.xr

.
a).x()
b).r

NDE

62

NDE

63

NDE

64

NDE

65

NDE

66

()

NDE

Slag
entrapment

67

Lack of
fusion

crack

NDE

68

 RT
RT
UT
Crack , UT

NDE

69

RT1

NDE

RT

70

RT2

NDE

71

RT3

NDE

72

NDE

73

:
:

:
NDE

74

5-1
NDE

75

5-1

NDE

76

(1/2)

(5-2)

NDE

77

5-2

NDE

78

 (2/2)


(5-3)

5-3

NDE

79


(MHz)

f x
C(mm/sec)
f(MHz)
(mm)
NDE

80


()
16Hz20KHz
20KHz
0.5
MHz 25 MHz
1MHz 5MHz (5-4)
NDE

81

VS

0.5MHz
16Hz

25MHz
UT

20KHz

MUT
5-4 vs
1MHz
5MHz

NDE

82

5-5

5-5
NDE

83

5-6

5-6
NDE

84




(5-7)

(5-8)

(a)

(b)

5-7

5-8

(5-9)

5-9



(5-10)

()

5-10
NDE

88

()

NDE

89

NDE

90

NDE

91

(5-11)

5-11



(5-12,1-13)

NDE

93

5-12

NDE

94

5-13
NDE

95

NDE

96


1.2.3.

5-14

5-14
NDE

97

5-15

5-15
NDE

98

5-16

NDE

99

T
B

5-16
NDE

100





(5-17)

(5-18)
NDE

101

5-17
NDE

102

4560

5-18
NDE

103


A
B
C


P
NDE

104

5-19
0

5-19 A-
NDE

105

B
A
BB

5-20
(a)

(b)

5-20 B-
NDE

106

5-21

5-21 C-
NDE

107

P:

NDE

108

NDE

109