CE 4240

UNIVERSITY O F MORATUWA Faculty of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering B.Sc. Engineering Level 4 - Semester 1 Examination C E 4240 C O M P U T E R A N A L Y S I S O F S T R U C T U R E S

Time allowed: 3 Hours

March 2011

ADDITIONAL M A T E R I A L : Not applicable.

INSTRUCTIONS T O CANDIDATES: This paper contains 6 questions on 11 pages. This examination accounts for 50 % o f the module assessment. The total maximum mark attainable is 100. The marks assigned for each question & sections there of are indicated in square brackets. This is a closed book examination. Answer only FOUR questions. Assume reasonable values for any data not given in or with the examination paper. Clearly state such assumptions made on the script. I f you have any doubt as to the interpretation of the wording o f a question, make your own decision, but clearly state it on the script. All Examinations are conducted under the rules & regulations of the University.

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CE 4240

Question 1

As a part of upgrading associated with A4 two lane highway along the Eastern coast, it has been decided to replace the road in a low lying location with an elevated highway. This is to allow the flood water to flow freely while allowing the continuous use of road. The bridge proposed has four spans with 17 m each. Hence, a bridge deck with inverted T-beam has been proposed (Figure Q.l). The Grade of concrete is 40 for both precast and insitu cast concrete. (a) Do you agree with this proposed solution o f using inverted T-beam for the deck of the bridge? Give reason for your answer. [3 marks] (b) Indicate a suitable width for the bridge. Give reasons for your answer. [2 marks] (c) Determine a suitable T-beam for the deck. Indicate the dimensions with a clear diagram. [3 marks] (d) Draw the arrangement that you would propose for the deck with a neat cross section of the deck. Indicate the important features and the dimensions. [4 marks] (e) Indicate the arrangement o f the grillage that can be used to analyse this bridge deck. Identify the beam size for the longitudinal and transverse grillage beam. [4 marks] (f) Determine the section properties that can be used to represent the beams o f the grillage in longitudinal and transverse directions [5 marks] (g) I f the bridge is analysed with 30 units of HB, determine the way that the HB vehicle can be located to obtain the maximum effects with bending and shear. [4 marks]

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CE 4240

One piece web and flange stirrup

25X25-

491-

SECTION PROPERTIES
Seclion T1 T2 TJ T4 TS Tt T7 Ti T9 TtO mum 0pih mm 360 420 535 S7S 6tS 655 695 735 775 615 5 6 Arc* mm' 16000 106200 114275 122473 130675 138675 14707$ 155160 163360 171560 Section moduli m m x 10' Approlmele HelgM Of teit weight cenlrold Bottom fibre KN/m bov oel torn Top fibre fibre mm YD Zb 2l 140 5 16 8 89 2.31
1

160 188 220 244 267 369 312 334 356 11

6.76 8 57 11 82 14 30 18 73 19 20 21 73 24 31 28 97 12 13

10.96 16 55 19 23 21.81 24 36 26.91 29 46 32 10 34.82 14 15 16

2 50 2 fi9 2 89 3.08 3.27 3.47 3.66 365 4 05 17 11

1 SPAN LOADING

u n Is HB loading 7 8 e io

iincl 2 flkN'm* far linnheil

' DesqriseKwtighi per onK vckime has been taken as 23 6HN/rrr\

Figure Q.l

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CE 4240

Question 2

It is proposed to construct a 15 storey building. Five floors o f it will be used as main office of a leading private sector construction company. The rest will be rented as office space. The central part of the building will be the service core. The lift will be arranged as shown in Figure Q 2.(a). With this arrangement, the building will be non twisting and also could be designed as a braced building. The size o f beams will be selected as 600 mm depth x 400 mm width. The elastic modulus o f Grade 30 concrete will be 27 kN/mm .
2

(a) The thickness of the reinforced concrete slab is 175 mm. It will be designed as two way. An allowance of 1.2 kN/m has been made for partitions, finishes and services. The live load is 2.5 kN/m . Determine the design load that can be used for slabs.
2 2

[3 marks] (b) It is decided to use SAP2000 to analyse this building. Determine the loads that will be transferred from the slabs on to the beam on grid line No 5, i f a load of 1 kN/m is acting on the slab.
2

[5 marks] (c) Describe the way that a unit load acting on the slab could be used to obtain the design loads with a 3D model created with SAP2000 [4 marks] (d) In order to check the results obtained from SAP2000, it has been decided to analyse the beam on Grid 5 as subjected to a uniformly distributed load of 30 kN/m. The loading arrangement is shown in Figure Q.2.(b) along with the support conditions. Determine the bending moments using the moment distribution method. [ 10 marks] (e) Draw the bending moment diagram for the above beam. [3 marks]

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CE 4240

7.5 m

7.5 m

if

7.5 m

-7.5 m-

6.0 m

6.0 m

6.0 m

6.Q m

Figure Q.2(a)

30 kN/m

i
Figure Q.2(b)

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CE 4240

Question 3

In a move towards water efficiency in a factory building, it has been decided to capture rain water from a large roof. In order to feed the bathrooms with rainwater under gravity, the rainwater will be stored close to the level of the eaves. The water tank will be of reinforced concrete and has a capacity of 30 m . The structure used will be a portal frame. The column will be on isolated footings located on strong soil. The footing will also be tied with a tie beam. Hence, supports A and D can be considered as fixed. The arrangement and the loading on the portal frame is shown in Figure Q.3. Using the slope deflection method;
3

(a) Determine the lateral deflection that can be expected at B [9 marks] (b) Determine the bending moments at the joints [6 marks] (c) Determine the shear forces [4 marks] (d) Draw the bending moment diagram [3 marks] (e) Draw the shear force diagram [3 marks]

28 kN/m
V

400 X 400 mm beam

3.0 m

400 X 400 mm column

LD i

4.0 m

Figure Q.3

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CE 4240

Question 4

An idealised version of a portal frame structure proposed to construct in a sloping land is shown in Figure Q.4. The portal frame can be considered as fixed at A and D. Assuming axial deformations of members are negligible, using matrix stiffness method; (a) Determine a suitable model to manually analyse the structure and assign numbers for joints, members and appropriate degrees of freedom in order to perform analysis [4 marks] (b) Write down the vector o f nodal loads and deformations indicating known and unknown components of loads and deformations. [4 marks] (c) Write global element stiffness matrix for the individual members. (Refer data sheet for the global stiffness matrix for a two dimensional frame element with the usual sign convention) [ 10 marks] (d) Using notations only, indicate the positions of element stiffness matrixes in the structures global structures stiffness matrix and hence write the matrix equations which can be used to find the unknown displacements. [5 marks] (e) I f the support at A settles by 4 mm, what will happen to the global structural stiffness matrix [2 marks] For all the members, modulus o f elasticity, E = 200 kN/mm , Area, A= 120 mm and second moment o f area, I = 60,000 mm .
4

Figure Q.4

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Data Sheet Global stiffness matrix for a two-dimensional frame element with usual sign convention is given by; "j (AE
I
C

e?
5

\2EF .
I
3
3

AE _\2EI_ cs AE ,
j "

(AE
C

j
+

12/
.

AE

\2EI \2EI
3

f6A

c +2
CD O

12/ cs 67 I /i , 12/
J

I I f AE

12/ j l c ! L ) 6EI
+

6EI"\ 71 4/

(AE

\2E1 V 6 EI

L AE
I
.5* +

cs , f <>/
3

\2EI)
\cs
I

AE

\2E1 \cs I: L (6 EI

AE ,
5

J \2EI ^
C

6EI L 6EI
2

AE
C

]
4

12/ ,

6E1 1} AE 1 2 / i ,4 , 127 ^ s' + r 67

3

l"2Ef\ f6/ N |

J"

AE { L

L \2EI V 6/T

6EI)

F7
0,

I 6EI
2

L 2/

4Tj

I L .

/4 / c 5

= Cross sectional area of the member, = Young's modulus of the material, = Second moment of area of the section, costf, = sine?, = Length of the member.

Clockwise moments positive, 0 measured from the positive coordinate direction o m o

CE 4240

Question 5

a) Briefly explain the characteristics of shape functions. [4 marks] b) Suggest suitable shape functions for three node linear finite element, three node triangular element and four node rectangular element [3 marks] c) In the Finite element analysis, it is usual to obtain the governing equations by using energy principles - via minimisation o f energy. Using energy method derive the global stiffness matrix for a system of two spring elements. [5 marks] d) Consider a four storey building with steel columns subjected to loading as shown in Figure Q.5 Assuming axial loading; i) Determine vertical displacements of the column at various floor-column connection points [9 marks] Determine the stress of the point A, located 1.2 m above the first floor level [4 marks]
2

ii)

The modulus of elasticity of steel is E = 200 kN/mm and the area of the steel column is 9000 m m .
2

1500kg

1200kg

1200kg

Figure Q.5

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CE 4240

Question 6 (a) Based on the function list the types of finite elements we can use in two dimensional finite element analyses. Give one practical example for each case. [2 marks] (b) A steel plate shown in Figure Q.6 is subjected to the in plane forces as indicated. The plate has uniform thickness of 5 mm. E= 200 kN/mm and u = 0.2 i) Explaining reasons, state suitable finite element for the analysis of steel plate [2 marks] ii) Write suitable general form o f shape functions which is necessary to solve the problem [2 marks]
2

iii)

Calculate the equivalent nodal loads at points A and C [6 marks]

iv)

By relating the strains to the displacement field in the element, write expressions for normal and shear strains at any location (x,y) o f the plate element. [5 marks] Write the element stiffness matrix for the element ABC . [8 marks]

v)

20 cm

10kN/m

Relationship o f stress and strain in plane stress and plane strain situation can be expressed as follows: 1
v V V

l - v

0 0 0-2.)

1 1 0

0 0-v)

<<r

(1

-r-

2v)

\-v

Plane stress

Plane strain

End of Question Paper

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Table 3.16 Shear force coefficients for uniformly loaded rectangular panels supported on four sides with provision for torsion at corners
Type of panel and location 0
V X

lor valuta of /y/i X

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

t.S

1.75

2.0

Four edges continuous Continuous edge One short edge discontinuous Continuous edge Discontinuous edge One long edge discontinuous Continuous edge Discontinuous edge Two adjacent edges discontinuous Continuous edge Discontinuous edge Two short edges discontinuous Continuous edge Discontinuous edge Two long edges discontinuous Continuous edge Discontinuous edge Three edges discontinuous (one long edge continuous) Continuous edge Discontinuous edge Three edges discontinuous (one short edge continuous) Continuous edge Discontinuous edge Four edges discontinuous Discontinuous edge 0.33 0.36 0.39 0.41 0.43 0.45 0.48 0.50 0.33 0.29 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.45 0.30 0.45 0.30 0.48 0.32 0.51 0.34 0.53 0.35 0.55 0.36 0.57 0.37 0.60 0.39 0.63 0.41 0.29 0.40 0.26 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.44 0.47 0.40 0.43 0.45 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.52 0.54 0.26 0.40 0.26 0.44 0.29 0.47 0.31 0.50 0.33 0.52 0.34 0.54 0.35 0.57 0.38: 0.60 0.40 0.40 0.26 0.36 0.24 0.40 0.27 0.44 0.29 0.47 0.31 0.49 0.32 0.51 0.34 0.56 0.36 0.59 0.38 0.36 0.36 0.39 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.47 0.50 0.52 0.36 0.24 0.33 0.36* 0.39 0.41 0.43 ' 0.45 0.48 0.50 0.33

v. kN/m

0.75 /

1
Figure 3.10 Distribution of load on a beam supporting a two-way spanning slab