Marissa Gibson Ms.

Kelly World History 15 December 2012

Neolithic Revolution: An Annotated Bibliography

Bordaz, Jacques. "Mesolithic Period." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Online, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012.

The article is informative and factual, it explains the major events that took place during the Mesolithic period. The article

explains how Mesolithic people came more familiar with tools. Blades, made from bones and wood became very common. These tools were placed on to arrows, spears, and sickles. Bordaz goes

into great detail about the weapons that were used in that time period. During this time period, the author informs the reader about the changes of the earth (Pleistocene Epoch) during this time

period. The diet of people changed with new irrigation, plants started to emerged in Europe. People ate more plants over animals, which was the beginning of the plants' important impact on

human's diet. Groups that lived by on coastal sites lived off of the land by eating the coastal environment. Mesolithic people also began to drift away from hunting herds, and started to hunt more

woodland creatures like deer and elk. I think the article was very helpful with my research. The author deconstructs the material which makes it easier to understand the terms.

Dowson, Thomas A. "Prehistoric Art." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Online, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012.

Prehistoric art is valued all around the world. The article explains the location and foundation of ancient art. Prehistoric art

consisted of clay figures and wall paintings. The most famous prehistoric caves are found in Europe. As humans continued to evolve, the of ancient art of the time period began to change as well. emphasis on

Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic all put different

certain materials to make art. The author continues to tell the reader about the relevance of the art and what impacts they had.

Dr. German, Senta. "The Neolithic Revolution." Smarthistory: Khan Academy. 2005-2011. Web. 16 Dec. 2012.

The article opens discussing the world famous Neolithic site Stonehenge. The author tries to entertain the readers by showing widespread

the reader solid facts about Stonehenge. Pottery became

used for storage and for art. The author uses evidence from the Neolithic period to prove how building Stonehenge wouldn't have been work together harvesting

possible for early humans. Tribes would

food to survive. The evidence from plastered skulls suggest religious practices began to have value to people.

Jolly, Clifford. "Prehistoric Humans." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Online, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012.

The article sums up human history from the beginning of earth's existence and information about ancient humans. Jolly starts his

article talking about what prehistoric humans and what types of human genus there were. I learned new information about how humans developed in the past. The article explains how in the

mid-19th century paleoanthropology was a new found branch of research. Paleoanthropologists, theologians, and geologists combined their research and discovered more fact about our ancient apes was

ancestors. The popular theory of humans evolving from

questioned from Thomas Henry Huxley and Ernst Haeckel two of Charles Darwin's followers. Since then paleoanthropologists have been connects homo sapiens from

searching for "the missing link" that

when they transitioned from apelike creatures to today's modern man. The author research is very factual and the author gives information that the reader (like myself) may not have known. During

the Pleistocene Epoch, climate change was frequent animals and humans roamed around the earth and colonized in different locations. Jolly also discusses the origin of humans and early ancestors.

According to his article humans have DNA from various

animals,

but primates originated from Africa. Jolly explains how the many different sapiens played on humans' evolution as a whole group. In the larger brain than

article, it talks about how the Homo erectus had a q

most animals of this time period. Technological advancement came about as Homo erectus began to comprehend more of life. Early humans began to change, they would bury the dead, had important symbols,

created tools, and learned how to care for each other,and preserve food. As time continued the Mesolithic and Neolithic age began. Humans would become even smarter making paintings, clothing, and "agriculturally".

new tools to help with the new found way to live

Even as humans learned to evolve into smart creatures, Jolly states that "within the last 5,000 to 15,000 years, the human genome have is a possibly why

been mutated due to natural selection which humans have become so advanced".

Leakey, L. S. B. , Burkitt, M. C. , Oakley, K. P. , Bordes, . F. "Paleolithic period." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition. EBSCOhost New York,

Student Research Center. EBSCOhost Industries, 2012. NY: Columbia University Press, 2011. Web. 16 Dec. 2012.

Old Stone Age is the earliest beginning of humans' development and the start of mankind. The authors' research assume that the

Paleolithic time period began as far back as two million years ago.

The biggest success of the Paleolithic period is the transition of human from an apelike form to a Homo Sapien. During the Lower

Paleolithic small tools were created for hunting, but they were mostly broken fragments from rocks. In the Middle Paleolithic period humans became the well known icon the Neanderthal man.

Primitive clothing and religion started to take form. The Upper Paleolithic period, group of people would travel the globe following herds and making new settlements.

Miracle, Preston T. "Paleolithic Period." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Online, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012.

The author breaks the article down into three separate sections: the Lower Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic, and Upper Paleolithic. The describes it

author has good insight on his information, but the way he

is hard to understand it. In the section of Lower Paleolithic Miracle takes the time to inform the major tools that hominids used, ones such as Miracle tells how the

stone hammers, anvils, bones, and sticks.

hominids were famous for stone flaking, which was not possible by any other creature. Hominids traveled in small groups and traveled following herds and collecting items that were needed to survive. Some

After humans colonized Africa, they traveled around the world.

early humans populations periodically died out. The author basis most of his information on the hominids development of flaking tools. The cave,

Le Moustier Cave in France is a popular site

of ancient hominids.

The nomadic people would occasionally live in cave to seek shelter from the harsh environment. The Paleolithic people would hunts herds, horses, deer, and antelope. After reading more into the article, I now a

realize that the author has just been comparing the hominids to

blade. During the Upper paleolithic times, material cultural items became more valued to people. The Americas were the last settlement of

the hominids before the Mesolithic period.

Romey, William D. "Pleistocene Epoch." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Online, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012.

I found this article to be interesting and informative. Before reading the article I had no previous knowledge of the Pleistocene

Epoch. The Pleistocene Epoch took place around 1.8 million years ago. The Pleistocene Epoch was the beginning of earth's climate change and the formation of rocks. Many fossils are found of were level, and

Pleistocene took place. It had a great impact on the sea animals that lived during that time period.

Sharples, Niall. "Stuart Piggott." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. This article is a biography about the successful archeologist, Stuart Piggott.

Piggott studied Neolithic period of Great Britain in 1930 through 1950. He discovered multiple artifacts and wrote the book Neolithic Cultures of the British Isles (1954). Piggott traveled the world studying human history till his death in 1996. Sharples does a good job writing a brief and simple explanation on Piggott's life.

Solecki, Ralph. "Neolithic Period." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Online, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. In this article, Solecki describes the neolithic period as summary. According to an English archeologist Miles Burkitt described the as "the

neolithic period into four traits. Burkitt decried these traits grinding and polishing of stone tools, the practice of agriculture, domestication of animals,

and the manufacture of pottery. The and

major sites of Neolithic fossils are found in Jarmo, Jericho,

Shanidar. V. Gordon Childe said that the Neolithic Revolution was the greatest advance in human history after mastery of fire. Solecki's and to the point.

article is filled with factual information that is short

He spends time emphasizing about early humans advancement on agriculture. Humans slowly stopped the tradition of hunting and tribes began to

gathering. To the east, around 4000 B.C.E.

domestic animal stock and begin agriculture. In Asia, archaeologists discovered pottery and stone tools made from around 4000 B.C.E. For domesticate different

the advanced humans learned how to

animals and grow different foods and plants. The author explains how Neolithic is not used in the world of archaeology.

Watkins, Jeffery. Neolithic Revolution. 1999-2003. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. Watkins' summary of the Neolithic Revolution is easy to understand. He describes the roles of the nomadic people in the

Paleolithic period. Around 10,000 B.C.E. was the beginning of the revolution. With the rise of agriculture, social classes also became established in tribes. Everyone in tribes had different jobs, and

even men and women divided jobs. As human became smarter, so did the technology. People learned how to manipulate metal.

"Ally's Multicultural History & How It Relates to Us Today." EBSCOhost Student Research Center. EBSCOhost Industries, 2012. Greensboro, Dec. 2012

NC: Allosaurus Publishers, 2005: 2-6. Print. Web. 16

The intro into the timeline tells the reader what to expect. The summary explains how the timeline is ordered and gives some

brief information about the three periods of time, Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. The timeline starts at 2,000,000 B.C.E. it talks about how tools were used for hunting. It also explains how

language developed, advancement of technology, and domestication among animals. The way the timeline is formatted, it is like short notes. There are only a few short paragraphs about the revolution

and the periods. States that the wheel was invented between 6,500 B.C.E. and 5,500 B.C.E.

"Archaeological Evidence: Tools, Clothing, Shelter (Overview)." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. This article is an overview of the most important features of the Neolithic period. The article said that proven by archaeological evidence, the Neolithic Revolution occurred in the Fertile Crescent about 9,000 to 7,000 B.C.E. Agriculture lead to an expansion of human population. Food supplies grew due to the abundant of food from farming crops and animals. New technology allowed humans to make settlements. Human realized they could form stone to their preference. Humans created clothing that would help them farm and keep warmth. The creation of thread from wool from domesticated sheep. Small triangular housing were transformed into larger circular homes for more room for the population boom.

"Mesolithic Age." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. The Mesolithic period was a combination of hunters and farmers. It was a time before the hunter-gathers turned into farmers. As the population grew in tribes, so did the advancements in technology and farming. Agriculture had a slower start in northern Europe due to climate problems.

"Neolithic Revolution." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABCCLIO, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. The information is formatted in a short paragraph for the reader. It explains the transition from hunter to farmer. The paragraph tells how humans began to settle and make small dwellings that eventually turn into villages. The earliest agricultural villages were found in present day Iraq.

"Painting of two bison at Lascaux Cave." Image. Corel. World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. The image displays how Stone Age people told narratives about their history and way of life. The painting was discovered in 1940 in Dordogne, France.

The simplistic art style is an inspiration to artists throughout out time.

"Paleolithic Age." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. Another short summary, this one is about Paleolithic period. Earlier humans are commonly called hominids. Hominids began to live nomadic lives after Pleistocene epoch. Hunters created weapons used for survival.

"Stone Age." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. Stone age began 2 million years ago, and ended around 4,000 B.C.E. The term "Stone Age" reflects the flaked stone used by humans far east to

during the time period. Paleolithic humans migrated from the Americas. Stone age was followed by the Bronze Age.

"Neolithic Art." EBSCOhost Kids Search. EBSCOhost Industries, 2012. Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, Funk & Wagnalls New

World Encyclopedia. 2002. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. Pottery was one of the traditional art styles of early humans. Early religions were based on a tribes survival. People would make

statues of woman to symbolize fertilely or food. Many designs were

very basic, such patterns as zig-zags, waves, triangles, etc. Stonehenge is one of the major artifacts of the time period.