Deciduous

Tundra Savanna
Forest
Taiga Chaparral Rainforest
Grasslands Desert Alpine
Q.a .a EVERGREEN VEGETATION
CLIMATE – Hot and humid throughout the year.
AREAS - Amazon and Orinoco basin in South America, Congo basin in
Africa.
ANIMALS - Monkeys, Apes, lizards, Snakes, Crocodile, Leopards,
Hippopotamus, Pythons AND Elephants.
Trees - Bengal Bamboo, Curare, Coconut Trees Jambu and kapok

.b DECIDUOUS VEGETATION
CLIMATE - Hot and wet with a distinct dry period.
AREAS - Found in the monsoon region of Asia, part of Central America,
Brazil and North America.
ANIMALS - Elephants, Tigers, Leopards and Rhinoceros.
Trees - The American beach tree, Carpet Moss, Common Lime, Guilder
Rose, lady Finger and Pecan.

.C MEDITERRANEAN VEGETATION
 CLIMATE – Moderate or mild winter, rainfall mostly in winter, dry and
hot
summers.
AREAS – Western margin of continents in temperate regions. Spain,
Portugal, South of France, California.
ANIMALS – Goats, Sheep, Cattle, Donkeys and Horses.
TREES – Pinus Pinea and Green Oak.

D CONIFEROUS VEGETATION
CLIMATE – Temperate Climate.
AREAS – Exists between 50n to 70n and in high Altitude.
ANIMALS – Silver Fox, Mink and Polar Bear.
TREES – Balsam Fir, Black Spruce, Jack Pine, White Fir and White Polar.

.e grasslands
Climate – Warm with less rain of 25-75cm, distinct dry season.
 AREAS – Tropical zone, Eastern side of equatorial region in Africa, parts of
Brazilian plateau Deccan plateau and North America.
ANIMALS – Zebras, Elephants, Giraffes, Deer, Lion, Leopards and
Cheetahs.
TREES – Baobab, Senegal Gum Acacia, Bermuda grass, Elephant grass and
Kangaroo Paw

.F desert vegetation
Climate – High temperature and extremely low rainfall below 25 cm.
Areas – California desert, North America, Atacama in south America,
Sahara and Kalahari in Africa, Thar in India, west Australian
Desert.
ANIMALS – Camels and nocturnal animals specially small repertiles.
Trees – Barell cactus, Brittle Bush, Desert Ironwood, Joshua tree and Palo
Verde.
The Australian continent is home to over one million species of
animals, many of them unique, and many of them endangered.
While we know of many extinct animals, There is one example
which reminds us that life is fragile, and that extinct means
forever, We're talking of course, about the Tasmanian tiger, or
Thylacine, a marsupial carnivore which was wiped out of
existence in the early 1930s.The Thylacine, like other
marsupials, had a pouch in which it carried its young. Although
it was a distant relative of the Opossum, it also had canine and
feline features and is also related to the Tasmanian Devil.
Other names for the Thylacine include: Dog Faced Dasyures,
Kangaroo wolf, Pouched wolf, Zebra wolf, Hyena wolf, and Wolf
or Hyena Opossum. The Thylacine fed on smaller animals, and
did most of its hunting at dusk. Even though it had powerful
jaws which could rip apart flesh and bone, this animal was no
match against the increasing Dingo population that had been
brought in by the Aborigines, so they were forced off the
Mainland and ultimately wound up on the Island of Tasmania.
Farmers who lived on the island did not appreciate the
introduction of this new predator which posed a threat to their
livestock, so a bounty was put on the animals, leading to the
near extermination of the species. Although the Thylacine was
now virtually extinct, It remained an enemy in the eyes of the
settlers, who continued exterminating the animal until 1933. It
wasn't until three years later that the Thylacine was declared
an endangered species, but by then it was too late, the
Thylacine was virtually extinct. Since then, there have been
thousands of reported sightings of the Thylacine, but there
never is enough conclusive evidence to prove the possible
existence of a Thylacine population.
 The American lion is an extinct animal which originated in North America
and went on to colonize part of South. America as part of the Great
American Interchange. The body length of the American lion is estimated to
have been 1.6-2.5 m (5.25-8.20 feet).[3]Thus it was comparable in size to its
close relative, the extinct lion, Panthera Leo fossilis, or the modern species
of Siberian tiger, but still smaller than their contemporary competitor for
prey, the Giant short-faced bear, which was the largest carnivoran of their
era. Approximately one hundred specimens of American lions have been
recovered from the La Brea Tar Pits, in Los Angeles, so their body structure
is well known. The features and teeth of the extinct American lion strongly
resemble modern lions, but they were considerably larger. In some areas of
its range, the American lion lived under cold climatic conditions. They
probably used caves or fissures for shelter from the cold weather. They may
have lined their dens with grass or leaves, as the Siberian tiger does,
another great cat that currently lives in the north.There are fewer American
lions in the La Brea tar pits than other predators such as saber-toothed cats
(Smilodon fatalis) or dire wolves (Canis dirus), which suggests they may
have been smart enough to avoid the hazard[4], or their hunting methods
and strategies simply didn't include preying upon entrapped animals to the
same degree. American lions likely preyed on deer, North American horses
(now extinct), American bison, mammoths, and other large, herbivorous
animals.Their extinction may have been related to the Holocene extinction
event, which wiped out most of the prey of megafauna. Their bones have
been found among the refuse of Paleolithic Native Americans, so hunting by
humans may have contributed to their demise as well. A replica of the jaw
of the first specimen of American lion discovered can be seen in the hand of
a statue of paleontologist Joseph Leidy, which is currently standing outside
the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia.
The following is based on information from the Recovery Plan for U.S. Population of
Atlantic Green Turtles, U.S Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries
Service, 1991. Obtained from the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, and used
with their kind permission. The green turtle is listed as endangered by the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Under the U.S. Endangered
Species Act of 1973, the green turtle was listed as threatened except for the breeding
populations in Florida and on the Pacific coast of Mexico, where it is listed as
Endangered. Green turtles continue to be heavily exploited by humans, and the
destruction and loss of nesting and foraging sites is a serious problem. Humans have
already caused the extinction of large green turtle populations, including those that
once nested in Bermuda and Cayman Islands. The status of green turtle populations
is difficult to determine because of our lack of knowledge about their life cycles. The
number of nests deposited in Florida appears to be increasing, but we don't know
whether this is due to an increase in the number of nests or because we have started
to monitor nesting beaches more closely. The green sea turtle is the largest hard-
shelled sea turtle. Adults of this species commonly reach 100 cm in carapace length
and 150 kg in mass. The average size of a female nesting in Florida is 101.5 cm
straight carapace length, with an average body mass of 136 kg. Hatchling green
turtles weigh about 25 g (about a handful of Smarties) and have a carapace about 50
mm long. Hatchlings are black on top and white underneath. The plastron of
Atlantic green turtles remains a yellowish white throughout life, but the carapace
changes colour from black to various shades of gray, green, brown and black,
forming swirls and irregular patterns on their shells.Growth rates of pelagic-stage
green turtles have not been measured under natural conditions; however, growth
rates of green turtles have been measured at their feeding grounds. Green turtles
grow slowly. In the southern Bahamas, green turtles grew from 30 to 75 cm in 17
years, and according to Bjorndal and Bolten, growth rate decreased with increasing
carapace length. Growth rates measured in green turtles from Florida and Puerto
Rico fall within the range of growth rates measured in the southern Bahamas.
Basedon growth rate studies of wild green turtles, the researchers Balazs, Frazerand
Ehrhart estimate the age at sexual maturity range anywhere from 20 to 50 years.
The Bengal Tiger, or Royal Bengal Tiger is a subspecies of tiger primarily
found in Bangladesh, India, and also Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan, Myanmar
and southern Tibet. It has traditionally been considered the second largest
subspecies after the Siberian tiger, but Northern Bengal Tigers are often
larger than Siberian tigers. So far the heaviest Bengal tigers captured in
Nepal for research have been heavier than recently captured Siberian
tigers. It is the most common tiger subspecies, living in a variety of habitats,
including grasslands, subtropical and tropical rain forests, scrub forests,
wet and dry deciduous forests, and mangroves. The Bengal subspecies P.
tigris tigris is the national animal of Bangladesh, while at the species level
the Tiger Panthera tigris is the national animal of India Since the early
1990s the tiger population has begun to decline again, due to habitat
destruction and large-scale poaching for tiger skins and bones. The
Bangladeshi government is trying hard to show the world that the tiger is
thriving in Bangladesh, often using controversial techniques like taking
molds of paw prints to track tiger populations. It was recently discovered
that tigers have been wiped out from one of Project Tiger's leading
sanctuaries, Sariska. The current population of wild Bengal tigers in the
Indian subcontinent is now estimated to be between 1,300 and 1,500[6],
which is less than half of the previous estimate of 3,000-4,500 tigers. This
estimate is based on a state-by-state census conducted in India in 2001.
Today's reports show there are fewer than 200 tigers left in the wild.
Habitat losses and the extremely large scale incidences of poaching are
serious threats to species survival. Poachers kill tigers not only for their
pelts, but also for body parts used to make various traditional East Asian
medicines. Other factors contributing to their loss are urbanization and
revenge killing. Farmers blame tigers for killing cattle and will shoot them.
Poachers also kill tigers for their bones and teeth to make medicines that
are alleged to provide the tiger's strength. The hunting for Chinese
medicine and fur is the biggest cause of decline of the tigers. In India,
retired Indian Army personnel are being recruited to save the Bengal tiger
from poaching gangs.
 BY - HUSAIN.T.MANDLIWALA
CLASS – 7E
ROLL.NO -15
SCHOOL – INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT