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Evaluation of City As Phenomenal
Evaluation of City As Phenomenal
Mumbai is capital city of Maharashtra. The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were have to fishing communities. For centuries the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being surrender to the Portuguese and east India company . During mid 18th century Mumbai was reshaped by Hornby Vellard project completed by 1845 , the project along with construction of major roads and railways transform Bombay into a major sea port. Education and economic development characterized the city during the 19th century. When India became free in 1947 , the city was in corporated into Bombay state. The city was renamed Mumbai in 1966. Mumbai is the commercial and entertainment capital of India, it is also worlds top 10 centers of commerce in terms of global financial flow generating 5% of indias GDP. The university of the Mumbai was the first modern institute of higher education in Mumbai. Mumbai municipal corporation was established in 1872 providing a modern framework for rapidly growing city.
Development of patan.
Patan has a rich historic background from ancient times itself it was the capital city of Gujarat and ones had a highest population 1,00,000 in history. It is one of the emerging centres of north Gujarat amongst sabarkantha, banaskantha , mehsana. There is a lot of development due to factors like trade and commerce, education ,tourism , local art and craft. There are political for rapid urban development in coming days. But the popularity and the importance of patan city was lost by king time. Owing to the development of
cities like ahmedabad , vadodara and also most of the people were migrated to Mumbai in search of a better life. So in 1986 with the aim to bring back the dormant patan alive, HNG universities head quarters was formed also 1955 was a period which identified potential of patan as district. 1977 declared as district 1977-2007 university was stabilized 2007 2012 there was city level functioning municipality. The road network was built in last 5 years potential extension of railway track. University has sustained since last 25 years and so more students and courses are likely to be in the future. International affiliation Are also seen. In future the migration of people will be increased. As a result of which municipality might be upgraded to municipal corporation development of forgotten heritage sites like Rani ni vav , Sahastraling Talav and the interest of ASI government and local pressure groups, other monuments which can be developed and patan may be known city of golden heritage. Patan today is growing rapidly with the highways transportation , education and other urban aspects.
Harappa and Mohenjo-daro Possibly served as twin capitals Each city had a fortified citadel and a large granary Broad streets, market places, temples, public buildings Standardized weights, measures, architecture, bricks
Domestic trade, items inc. pottery, tools, metals Trading with Mesopotamians about 2300 to 1750 B.C.E.
The Indus Valley contained numerous natural resources that were an important part of Harappan civilization. Resources included: Fresh water and timber. Materials such as gold, silver, semi-precious stones. Marine resources.
STREETS AND BUILDINGSThe City Structure The Indus tribe lived in houses just like today. They where built from bricks aand cement . They had a very complex city structure with one to two floors There is a road, which runs through the city, where carts ran down to transport goods. These where pulled by camels, oxen and elephants, which where also used to travel on
THE GREAT BATH The great bath was a special place in the Indus Valley. It was used for baptizing babies. Like the drains, the bricks were clay to make it waterproof so none of the water could escape. The only way the water could escape was through a special system where, if they wanted to, they can let the water out if it got to dirty and then they could fill it up again. It also has a plug hole which was used for totally emptying out the bath. The bath is made from tightly fitted bricks which had tar on the inside of the bath. The tar was used as a water proof layer so the people could bath. The bath was 12 metres long and 7 metres wide. STREETS In Indus valley narrow streets and alleyways are off of the major streets, leading into more private neighborhoods. Many of the brick houses were two stories high, with thick walls and high ceilings to keep the rooms cool in the hot summer months. FOUR THEORIES OF COLLAPSE
Archaeologists have offered four explanations for the collapse of the Harappan Civilization. Three are based on ecological factors: intense flooding, decrease in precipitation, and the dessication of the Sarasvati River. The fourth hypothesis is that of the Aryan Invasion, proposed by Sir R. E. Mortimer Wheeler and Stuart Piggott. Image in text of massacre thought to support this hypothesis. Later interpreted as peaceful mass burial.
Fourth largely abandoned in the 1940s in favor of a combination of factors from ecological disasters.
First class: Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Once a city is in the first class, it is not reclassified unless its population decreases by 25 percent from the census figures that last qualified the city as first class.
Second class: Cities with a population between 20,001 and 100,000 Third class: Cities with a population between 10,001 and 20,000 Fourth class: Cities with not more than 10,000 inhabitants Changes in classification take effect upon the filing of certified copies of the federal decennial census in the office of the secretary of state. How Classification by Population is Used There are several ways that classification by population is used. Here are a few examples: To bring cities under a law as they reach the threshold population. This would appear to be the most basic application of the classification scheme. Statutes written to apply to cities of a particular class are authorized or required to do something that is related to their ability or needs as they reach a certain population. To limit the application of a law. There are many laws (coded and uncoded) that were enacted referring to, for example, a city of the first class with a population over a certain number. As discussed above, this is the type of law that could be viewed as general but relates to just one or a very few cities. In this case, the intent is probably not to bring in other cities as they reached the threshold population. To describe the area in which something must or may be done.