Test Hematology Bleeding time indication of hemostatic efficiency

Laboratory Values Normal Values Increase 1.5 9.5 minutes Hemorrhagic purpura, Acute Leukemia, aplastic anemia, DIC, oral and anticoagulant therapy. Dehydration and polycythemia Same as for hematocrit Deficiency of factors VII, IX, X, XI, XII; anticoagulant therapy

Decrease

Hematocrit volue of packed redblood cells per 100 ml of blood Hemoglobin oxygen combining Partial Thromboplastin Time tests coagulation mechanisms; stage 1 deficiencies Platelets thrombocytes Prothrombin time tests extrinsic clotting stages II and III Red blood cell count number of circulating erythrocytes in 1L of whole blood

Male: 42% - 52% Female: 35% - 47% Male: 13 18 gm/dl Female: 12 16 gm/dl Activated: 30 46 Nonactivated: 40-100 sec.

Anemia, hemorrhage and leukemia Same as for hematocrit Extensive cancer

150,000 400,000/mm3 9.5 12 seconds

Male: 4.6 6.2 million/cu mm Female: 4.2 5.4 million/cu mm

Polycythemia, postsplenectomy, anemia Anticouagulant therapy, DIC, hepatic disease, and fat malabsorption Polycythemia vera, anoxia, dehydration, acute poisoning and pulmonary fibrosis

Leukemia, aplastic anemia, cirrhosis, multiple myeloma Digitalis therapy, diuretic reaction, Vit K therapy Anemia, Leukemia, hemorrhage and after hemorrhage when blood volume has been restored

Gas Oxygen Air Nitrous Oxide Laughing gas

Color Codes for Gas Tanks Color (USA) Green Yellow Blue

Color (INTERNATIONAL) White White/Black Blue

Toxicology A. Managing Poisoning Poison Acetaminophen Diazepam Digoxin, Digitoxin Opiates (Morphine, Meperidine) Organophosphates Antidote N-Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) Flumazenil (Romazicon) Digibind (Digoxinspecific antibodies) Naloxone (Narcan) Pralidoxime (2-PAM) Poison Carbon monoxide Cyanide Anticholinergic Agents Methanol, Ethylene glycol Organophosphates, Anticholinesterase Agents Antidote Oxygen Amyl nitrite Physostigmine (Antilirium) Flumepizole (Antizol), Ethanol Atropine

B. Chelators Bind the molecules of the metals so that it can be carried out of the body before it has time to harm the tissues Dimercaprol used in arsenic, gold, lead and Edetate calcium disodium/EDTA used in lead mercury Succimer used in arsenic, lead, mercury Deferoxamine (Desferal) used in iron Penicillamine (Cuprimine) used in arsenic, gold, copper and Wilsons disease

Drug of Choice CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) Condition DOC Cerebral Edema Mannitol, Corticosteroids Increase Intracranial Mannitol Pressure Febrile Seizure Phenobarbital Partial Seizure Myoclonic Seizure Status Epilepticus Carbamazipine Valproic acid Diazepam (Valium), Phenytoin Condition Hepatic Encephalopathy Parkinsons Disease Myasthenia gravis Alzheimers disease Multiple Sclerosis DOC Neomycin Levodopa Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) Tacrine HCl Baclofen (Lioresal)

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Condition DOC Sinus Bradycardia Atropine Sinus Tachycardia Propanolol (Inderal), Metoprolol (Neobloc) Myocardial Infarction Morphine, Propanolol (Inderal) Angina Pectoris Nitriglycerin Congestive Heart Failure Furosemide (Lasix), Digoxin, Digitoxin

Condition Pulmonary Edema Patent Ductus Arteriosus Hypotension, shock Hypertensive Crisis Ventricular fibrillation

DOC Furosemide (Lasix) Indomethacin Dopamine, Dobutamine Nicardipine Lidocaine

Cardiac Arrest RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Condition Status Asthmaticus

Epinephrine DOC Epinephrine Condition Acute Asthmatic attack DOC Bronchodilators (Terbutaline, Ritodrine, Budesonide, Salbutamol) Corticosteroids (for maintenance)

Allergy hypersensitivity reaction ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Condition Graves Disease

Dipenhydramine (Benadryl)

Chronic Asthma

DOC Condition DOC Propylthiouracil, Myxedema Coma Levothyroxine Methimazole Addisons Disease Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Dexamethasone MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Condition DOC Condition DOC Rheumatoid Arthritis Asparin Gouty Arthritis Colchicine, Allopurinol PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Condition DOC Condition DOC Attention Deficit Disorder Methylphenidate Obsessive Compulsive Alprazolam (Xanax) (Ritalin) Disorder Panic Attacks Alprazolam (Xanax) Second-line Antituberculosis Drugs Antileprosy Amikacin All These Can Clear Dapsone Drugs Can Remove Capreomycin Lungs Clofazamine Lesions Ciprofloxacin/Levofloxacin And Can Ease Rifampicin p-Aminosalisylic acid Respiration For Cycloserine Leprosy Ethionamide Rifabutin

Types of Isolation Strict Isolation Respiratory Isolation Tuberculosis/ AFB Isolation Contact Isolation Enteric Precautions Drainage/ Secretions Precautions Universal Blood and Body Fluid

Indication/s

Requirements