I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH

BI BO CO

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA TP.H CH MINH I/ Ta vct trong c s cho trc. KHOA KHOA HC NG DNG Tm ta ca mt vct trong c s cho trc. B MN TON NG DNG 1. C s l thuyt. --------*------a) Cc lnh trong matlab. Size (A) : kch c ca ma trn A. Rank (A) : hng ca ma trn A. Det (A) : nh thc ma trn vung A. b) C s l thuyt.

C s E={ e1, e2, , en} l c s sp th t ca K trn khng gian vct. Vi mi x thuc V <=> x l t hp tuyn :_9____ TI S tnh ca E <=> x=e1 x1 + e2 x2 + + enxn

BO CO BI TP LN

GVHD: Nguyn Kiu Dung

B n s (x1, x2, , xn) gi l ta ca vct x trong c s E. Do , vi vct V cho trc ta c th tm c to trong c s E bng cch: to ma trn m rng [A V], dng cc php bin i s cp i vi hng xc nh rank([A V]).

Khoa: Khoa hc ng dng

Nu rank ([A V]) khc rank (A) th h phng trnh tuyn tnh v nghim khng Lp ta . xc nh c : KU1201

Nhm: S th Nu rank ([A V]) = rank (A) 9 h phng trnh tuyn tnh c nghim:
+ rank (A) bng s hng ca ma trn A th h c nghim duy nht v ta V c xc nh l (A-1)V. + rank (A) nh hn s hng ca ma trn A th h c v s nghim. Tp. HCM, thng Nhm __nm___ thc hin: sinh vin

Tn sinh vin L Thnh Nhn L Th Cm Vn inh Th Ngc nh Nguyn Th Kiu Loan Trnh Vn H L Dng Tun Chu Gia Ngn L Quang Nhin L Trn Hong Tho Nguyn V thch L Hunh Vit Khnh K1202515 K1204472 K1200136 K1201937 K1200928 K1204271 K1202316 K1202598 K1203446 K1203481 K1201623

M s

BI BO CO

I/ Ta vct trong c s cho trc. Tm ta ca mt vct trong c s cho trc. 1. C s l thuyt. a) Cc lnh trong matlab. Size (A) : kch c ca ma trn A. Rank (A) : hng ca ma trn A. Det (A) : nh thc ma trn vung A. b) C s l thuyt. C s E={ e1, e2, , en} l c s sp th t ca K trn khng gian vct. Vi mi x thuc V <=> x l t hp tuyn tnh ca E <=> x=e1 x1 + e2 x2 + + enxn B n s (x1, x2, , xn) gi l ta ca vct x trong c s E. Do , vi vct V cho trc ta c th tm c to trong c s E bng cch: to ma trn m rng [A V], dng cc php bin i s cp i vi hng xc nh rank([A V]). Nu rank ([A V]) khc rank (A) th h phng trnh tuyn tnh v nghim khng xc nh c ta . Nu rank ([A V]) = rank (A) th h phng trnh tuyn tnh c nghim: + rank (A) bng s hng ca ma trn A th h c nghim duy nht v ta V c xc nh l (A-1)V. + rank (A) nh hn s hng ca ma trn A th h c v s nghim.

2. Code chng trnh.

function toadovecto clc; A=input('Nhap ma tran co so A= '); [mA,nA]=size(A); V=input('Nhap vecto V= '); %nhap theo hang [mV,nV]=size(V); while mV>3 || mA~=mV disp('Khong phu hop. '); A=input('Nhap ma tran co so A= '); V=input('Nhap vecto V= '); end

if rank(A)~=rank([A V]) disp('He vo nghiem -> khong tim duoc toa do.') elseif rank(A)==rank([A V]) && rank(A)==mA disp('He co mot nghiem duy nhat.') toado=nghichdao(A)*V elseif rank(A)==rank([A V]) && rank(A)<mA disp('He co vo so nghiem. ') end end function X=nghichdao(A) [m,n]=size(A);

if m~=n disp('ma tran khong vuong') else d=det(A); if d == 0 disp('ma tran suy bien') else for i=1:m for j=1:n B=A; B(:,j)=[]; B(i,:)=[]; C(i,j)=((-1)^(i+j))*det(B); end end C=C'; X=C/d; end end end 3. V d c th. Ma trn A=

V= Ta = [-1.4167;-0.5833;2.9167] II/ nh ca mt vct cho trc. Cho nh x tuyn tnh f bit ma trn ca f trong c s E l A. Tm nh ca mt vcto cho trc. 1. C s l thuyt. a) Cc lnh trong matlab. Size (A) : kch c ca ma trn A. Rank (A) : hng ca ma trn A. Det (A) : nh thc ma trn vung A. A\B : X = A\B A*X = B. b) C s l thuyt. nh ca nh x tuyn tnh f : V => W nh ca nh x tuyn tnh f l tp hp tt c cc phn t y ca khng gian vecto W sao cho tn ti x thuc V y = f(x) Imf ={y W | x V: y = f(x)} Nhp vo 1 c s E ; ma trn ca f trong c s E cho trc,v 1 vecto cn tm nh ca n. Bc 1: tm ta ca vecto trong c s E. Bc 2: ta ca f trongnhn A v ta va tm. Bc 3: kt qu va tm nhn ln lt cho tng vecto trong c s E. Gii thut da trn cng thc sau: [f(x)]/E = A/(E,E). [x]/E. 2. Code chng trnh.

function baitap2axtt E=input('nhap ma tran co so E= ');% nhap ma tran co so m = n [m,n]=size(E); while rank(E)~=n || m~=n % xet dieu kien cua ma tran co so disp('E khong phai la co so ,hay nhap lai') E=input('nhap lai ma tran co so E= '); [m,n]=size(E); end A=input('nhap ma tran tuyen tinh A trong cs E = ' ); [mA,nA] = size(A); while size(E)~=size(A)% yeu cau co cua A va E phai bang nhau disp('A khong phai la ma tran tuyen tinh trong co so E, hay nhap lai') A=input('nhap lai ma tran tuyen tinh A='); end V=input('nhap ma tran theo hang V= '); %nhap toa do vecto cho truoc theo hang [mV,nV]=size(V); while mV >3 || mA~=mV disp('Khong phu hop. '); V=input('Nhap vecto V= '); disp('toa do vecto V la :') disp((V)')

end if rank(E)~=rank([E V]) disp('he vo nghiem,khong tim duoc toa do cua V trong E.') return end % moi nguoi doc ky doan code nhe,cho nay hoi kho hieu xi. if rank(E)==n x = E\V P = A*x for i = 1:mA fx = P(i)*E(i,:); end disp('anh cua vecto cho truoc la:') disp(fx) else disp('he EX=V vo so nghiem') disp('he vo so nghiem, co so khong gian nghiem cua AX=0: ') disp(null(E)') end 3. V d c th. ma tran co so E= [1 2 3;3 4 8;2 0 9] ma tran tuyen tinh A trong cs E = [1 3 4;4 5 9;1 9 8] ma tran theo hang V= [1;3;7] x=

-1.0000 -0.5000 1.0000

P=

1.5000 2.5000 2.5000

anh cua vecto cho truoc la: 5.0000 0 22.5000