TIU LUN HA PHN TCH NI DUNG CHNH

-Quy tc vit cc phng trnh phn ng ion +Phn ng axit-bazo +Phn ng to phc +Phn ng oxy ha kh xy ra do s thay i trng thi oxy ha ca cc cht +Phn ng t thnh hp cht t tan -S ph thuc gia tnh cht cc cht trong dung dch vi cu to nguyn t ca cc nguyn t +Tnh cht axit bazo +Trng thi oxy ha +Tnh cht to phc +S to thnh cc hp cht t tan S PH THUC GIA TNH CHT CC CHT TRONG UNG DCH VI CU TO CA CC NGUYN T C th cn c vo cu to nguyn t ca cc nguyn t d on nh tnh trnh thi tn ti ca chng trong dung dnh v mt s tnh cht cht quan trng ca cc cht.Cu to nguyn t ca cc nguyn t , c phn nh mt cch c quy lut trong bng h thng tun hon nn c th cn c vo v tr ca cc nguyn t trong bng h thng tun hon suy on tnh cht ca cc ion trong dung dch. Cc tnh cht ha hc c ngha phn tch( tnh cht axit bazo,kh nng to phc,trnh thi oxy ha kh) c lin quan cht ch vi v tr ca cc nguyn t trong bng h thng tun hon. -TNH CHT AXIT BAZO 1.Tinh cht axit bazo ca cc nguyn t ph thuc vo in tch ca cc ion v bn knh ca chng.Ion c in tch ion cng ln v bn knh ion cng b th kh nng sonvat ha trong dung mi c cc cng(H2O) ln v do lm bin dng mnh phn t nc,dn n vic tch ion ca phn t nc cng ln. c trng nh lng c tnh axit theo kch thc v bn knh ion,ngi ta dung i lng th ion ha l t s gia in tch ion vi bn knh ion Z/r.Khi i lng ny cng b th tnh bazo ca hidroxit hnh than cng ln v ngc li.Nu hidroxit t tan th tinh axit ca cc hidroxit gim. 2.Trong mt hang ngang khi i t tri qua phi th tnh axit ca cc cation mang tnh bazo ca cc hidroxit gim,tinh bazo tng ng cng gim v tnh axit cng tng. VD: i t nhm ta thy: Al(OH)3 c tnh lng tnh.Trong dung dch tn ti c Al3+ v AlO2-. pha trn Al l Bo c tnh axit hn.Trong dung dch khng tn ti dng cation,hidroxit th hin tnh axit,ch tn ti ion BoO2-.

Silic bn phi ca nhm , cng c tnh cht tng t Bo khng c cation. Hidroxit c tnh axit,ch c anion tn ti. bn tri ca nhm,magie ch tn ti trng thi cation,hidroxit c tnh bazo.Trong dung dch khng c anion. Nh vy ,cc hidroxit cua cc nguyn t bn tri v pha di ca bng tun hon l cc bazo rt mnh. Ngc li ,cc hidroxit ca cc nguyn t bn trn v bn phi l cc axit mnh,phn li hon ton thnh ion. TRNG THI OXY HA i vi mt nguyn t khi s oxy ha tng th bn knh ion gim,do tnh axit ca cation tng. trng thi oxy ha cng cao th kh nng tn ti ca cation b thu hp,hidroxit cng tr nn axit v trng thi tn ti ch yu l anion. Vd:Mangan trnh thi oxy ha +7 tn ti di dng ion MnO4-,+6 l Mn3+ v Mn(OH)3,+2 l Mn(OH)2 v Mn2+. TNH CHT TO PHC Cc phc cht cng loi ca cc ion trngj thi oxy ha cao bn hn cc phc cht cng loi trng thi oxy ha thp hn.Chng hn, phc cht ca Co3+ ,Fe3+ bn hn phc cht ca Co2+,Fe2+. Axit phc mnh hn axit n.Chng hn,H3Fe(CN)6 mnh hn HCN. S TO THNH CC HP CHT T TAN Cc kim loi kim to c cc hidroxit tan,trong Li c bn knh ion b nht v v vy Li hydroxit t tan hn.Hydroxit ca cc kim loi kim th t tan hn hydroxit ca cc kim loi kim. tan gim dn t hydroxit Ra n Ba. tan ca cc mui sunfat nhm 2cuar bng tun hon gim dn t Ba n Ra.BeSO4 tan nhiu nht ,cc sunfat Sr,Ba,Ra t tan.