MOODS AND TENSES A. NON FINITE FORMS (MODURILE NEPERSONALE) 1.

THE INFINITIVE - are dou forme: Short Infinitive: I know what to expect. Long Infinitive: I can read it. TENSES: ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

Present:

(to) call

(to) be called (to) have been called -

Present Continuous: (to) be calling Perfect: (to) have called

Perfect Continuous: (to) have been calling

NOTE: - Present Infinitive se refer la prezent sau viitor. - Present Continuous Infinitive apare dup verbele: appear, claim, seem, pretend, must, can't, happen, should, would etc.: She must be rehearsing by now. - Perfect Infinitive se folosete pentru o aciune anterioar: They claimed to have passed the exam. - Perfect Continuous Infinitive se refer la o aciune trecut n desfurare: He looks tired. He seems to have been playing football all morning. INFINITIVAL CONSTRUCTIONS: a) The Accusative with the Infinitive: e.g. I want you to come in time. I heard him sing.

b) The Nominative with the Infinitive: e.g. He is known to be a good student. The children were made to clean their room. c) The FOR TO - Infinitive: e.g. There is nothing for me to do. It was to difficult for me to resign. d) The Absolute Infinitive Constructions: e.g. Everybody entered the competition, the winner to be nominated in a week. e) The Split Infinitive: e.g. He was determined to flatly refuse any offer from her. 2. THE PARTICIPLE Present Participle: calling; Past Participle (V3): called; Perfect Participle: having called NOTE: - Present Participle arat o aciune sau stare continu (continuous action or state): While watching the film, he forgot about his toothache. - Past Participle Ajut la formarea timpurilor compuse i a diatezei pasive: I have written. - Perfect Participle arat o aciune anterioar celei exprimate de verbul la forma personal (finite form): Having swum for half an hour, he returned home. PARTICIPIALS CONSTRUCTIONS: a) The Accusative with the Participle: e.g. I heard him singing. I saw him coming. b) The Nominative with the Participle: e.g. He was seen climbing the hill. c) The Absolute Participial Construction: e.g. The plan of the factory being exceeded, we congratulated the staff.

3. THE GERUND - are att trsturi verbale, ct i trsturi nominale, de aceea poate avea determinani specifici substantivului: Reading history is her favourite pastime. TENSES: ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

Indefinite Participle: Perfect Participle: NOTE:

calling having called

being called having been called

- Indefinite Gerund arat o aciune simultan: I hate speaking in vain. - Perfect Participle arat o aciune anterioar celei exprimate de verbul la forma personal: I remember having been there. GERUNDIAL CONSTRUCTIONS: a) Genitive + Gerund: e.g. I don't think they will like your not wearing a suit. b) The Accusative with Gerund: e.g. Can you imagine the story ending in any other way?