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Επανάληψη στα Μαθηματικά Γ' Γυμνασίου
Επανάληψη στα Μαθηματικά Γ' Γυμνασίου
, 2012 ,
.. .
2011-2012
1
.
2
-1
3 ,
.
4 -
5 3
- ( )
.
.
..
, , .
vaggelisnikolakakis@hotmail.com
..
11
. 1. 1
1. 1;
1,
.
, =
:
1=
0 = 1 0
1
= 0 = 1, 2, 3, ..
2. ;
, , :
. = +
. =
. = ()
. =
.
3. ;
x ,
, .
:
= x x2 = x, 0
0 =0
4. ;
0
=
2
A 0 0,
A 0 0,
5. A 0 0 ,
= 2 = 2.
:
=
6. A 0 > 0 ,
=
2
= = .
=
= 2 = 2,
:
= , .
. 1. 2
7. ;
.
8. ;
.
9. ;
,
.
10. ;
.
, .
11. ;
.
12. ;
.
.
13. ;
.
14. ;
0.
.
15. ;
.
16. ;
.
17. ;
.
. 1. 3
18. ;
.
19. ;
.
20. ;
0.
.
. 1. 4
21. :
. ;
. ;
:
.
.
.
.
. 1. 5
22. ;
23. :
i.
( +)2 = 2 + 2 + 2
ii. ( )2 = 2 2 + 2
iii. ( + )3 = 3 + 32 + 32 + 3
iv. ( )3 = 3 32 + 32 3
v. ( )( + ) = 2 2
vi. 3 3 = ( )( 2 + + 2)
vii. 3 + 3 = ( + )( 2 + 2)
i.
( + ) 2 = ( + ) ( + ) = 2 + + + 2 = 2 + 2 + 2
ii. ( ) 2 = ( )( ) = 2 + 2 = 2 2 + 2
iii. ( + )3 = ( + ) 2( + ) = ( 2 + 2 + 2 )( + ) =
= 3 + 2
+ 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 3 = 3 + 3 2 + 3 2 + 3
iv. ( )3 = ( ) 2( ) = ( 2 2 + 2 )( ) =
= 3
22 + 2 2 + 2 2 3 = 3 3 2 + 3 2 3
v. ( )( + ) = 2 + 2
vi. ( )( 2 + + 2) = 3 + 2 + 2 2 2 3 = 3 3
vii. ( + )( 2 + 2) = 3 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 3 = 3 + 3
. 1. 6
24. ;
.
25. ;
,
.
+ = ( + )
,
:
,
+ =
( + ) ( + ) =
( + )( )
2 2
2 2 = ( )( + )
= ( )( + ),
.
:
( )( 2 + + 2) = 3 3
3 3 = ( )( 2 + + 2)
( + )( 2 + 2 ) = 3 + 3
3 + 3 = ( + )( 2 + 2 )
.
:
2 + 2 + 2 2 2 + 2,
2 + 2 + 2 = ( + ) 2
2 2 + 2 = ( ) 2
( + )2 ( )2,
:
( + )2 = ( + )( + ) ( )2 =( )( )
x2 + ( + )x +
x2 + ( + )x + :
x2 + ( + )x + =
x2 + x + x + =
x(x + ) + (x + ) =
x2 + ( + )x + = (x + )(x + )
(x + )(x + )
. 1. 7
26. ;
(x)
() (x) () (x)0
(x) () (x) (), :
(x) = (x) (x) + (x)
( )
(...)
,
.
(...)
,
.
. 1. 9
28. ;
.
29. ;
.
30. ;
, , ,
.
. 1. 10
31. ;
.
:
: = =
0
: = =
22
. 2. 1
32. 1 ;
1
0.
( ) .
.
x + = 0
33. x + = 0 ;
0, x + = x =
= 0, 0 x + = 0 0x = (),
= 0, = 0, x + = 0 0x = 0 (
).
. 2. 2
34. 2 , ;
x2 + x + = 0 , , 0.
.
x .
35.
x2 + x + = 0 , , 0.
x2 + x + = 0 , , 0 :
x2 + x + = 0
42x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
[ 4]
4 x + 4x = 4
[ ]
42x2 + 4x + 2 = 2 4
[ 2]
2 2
2x + =
2x =
x=
0 ( I )
x 2 + x + = 0 , ,
0 x =
36. :
. ;
. ;
. ;
2 + + = 0 , , , 0
= 2 4:
. x =
, 0
. x =
, = 0
. , 0
37. x2 + x + x2 + x + = 0
0 1, 2;
1, 2 x2 + x + = 0 0 x2 + x +
:
x2 + x + = (x 1)( x2)
. 2. 4
38. ;
, .
,
.
. 2. 5
39. ( ) ;
:
, 0.
, 0.
= , = 0.
0, .
0, .
= 0, .
40. ;
( ) , , (
) .
(
)
)
x y,
x y.
x , x .
41. ;
,
. , + + .
,
.
, + + .
,
.
0,
,
.
0,
.
, , ,
33
. 3. 1
42. ;
x + y= .
x + y= (x, y)
.
43. x + y= 0 0
;
x + y = 0 0 :
, x + y
= .
x + y =
.
44. ;
. y = k k 0
. y = 0
. x = k k 0
. x = 0
. y = k k 0 xx
yy (0, k )
. y = 0 xx.
. x = k k 0 yy
xx (k, 0)
. x = 0 yy.
45. x + y= 0 0
xx yy;
xx 0, , x + y =
xx, y = 0 x x + 0 = x = x =
. (
, 0)
yy 0, B, x + y =
yy, x = 0 y 0 +y = y = y =
. B(0,
. 3. 2
46. ;
. x y;
.
x y;
x y;
x + y =
, , , 0.
x + y =
. x y
(x0, y0) .
. x
y (x0, y0)
.
47. x y
, , ;
x y
:
,
.
()
.
44
. 4. 1
48. y = x2 0;
y = x2 0 .
y = x2 0
(0, 0) xx ,
x y 0.
y = x2 0 y = 0, x = 0,
x y, y = x2 0
yy.
, .
. 4. 1
49. y = x2 0;
y = x2 0 .
y = x2 0 (0,
0) xx , x y 0.
y = x2 0 y = 0, x = 0,
x y, y = x2 0
yy.
, .
. 4. 2
50. ;
y = x2 + x + 0.
51. y = x2 + x + 0;
= x2 + x + 0 :
(
) = 4
x =
2
0, y = x + x + y =
x =
4
2
0, y = x + x + y =
2
x =
55
52. ;
,
.
53. ;
Venn.
54. ;
, .
55. ;
,
.
56. ;
. .
57. , ;
,
.
58. , ;
,
.
59. ;
.
60. ;
,
.
61. ;
.
62. ;
.
,
.
63. ;
.
.
64. ;
= 0.
65. ;
.
66. P()
;
o
P( ) =
()
()
:
P( ) =
()
()
= 1 P() =
( )
()
=0
() 1.
67. ;
() + () = 1
, ( ) + ( ) = () + ().
--
11
. 1. 1
A
68. ;
.
69. , ;
:
, ,
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
, .
>90
70. , , , .
, ,
, ,
, ,
71. ;
( )
.
=
:
A=
=
=
72. ;
( )
(. . .)
,
.
:
A =
= =
( . . . )
A
.
:
A =
= =
(. . .)
,
A
.
:
=
73. ;
( )
,
.
:
= A
= 90o
A
= =
=
.
:
=A
= 90o
A
= =
=
,
.
:
=A
=90o
A
1 = =
,
.
=A
= 90o
A
= =
.
:
=A
= 90o
A
= =
74. ;
.
.
75. ;
.
.
76.
, .
.
A
. = .
// .
, ,
. = .
. 1. 2
77. ;
,
= .
78. , ,;
,
, , , .
, , ,
.
79. ;
, ,,
.
:
.
. 1. 3
80.
.
,
.
1 // 2 // 3
, .
//
, .
//
. 1. 4
81.
;
= .
82. ;
.
.
:
, > 1
, 0 < < 1
, = 1.
. 1. 4
83. ;
,
.
( )
=
,
=
, =
, =
, =
= .
.
84. ;
.
.
, 1.
.
.
85. ;
( ) .
= ,
= , =
,
=
=
()
86. ;
( )
,
.
A
= ,
= , ,,
= =
=
. 1. 5
87. ;
.
11
. 2. 1
88. ;
(0 180 ) x,
.
= = = x 2 + y 2 :
A ( x, y ) xOM
M(x, y)
x
y
1 +1.
1 1 1 1
.
A (x, y) 1 , 0, 0, 0
A (x, y) 2 , 0, 0, 0
89. = 0 = 90 = 180;
= 0 = =1 :
x .. (1,0), = xOM
0 =
0 =
0 =
=0
x 1
= =1
1
y
M(1,0)
x
=0
= 90 = =1 :
y .. (0, 1), = xOM
90 =
y 1
M(0,1)
90 =
= =1
=0
O
y
90 , x = 0
= 180 = = 1 :
x .. (1, 0), = xOM
180 =
180 =
0
1
=0
1
1
=1
v
M(-1, 0)
x
O
y
180 =
=0
90. ;
180 - :
(180 ) =
(180 ) =
(180 ) =
91. :
. 2 +2 = 1
. =
.
2
y
x
y x
+ = + = 2 + 2 =
2
y
M(x, y)
y2 + x 2
y + x
2 + 2
2
x
A(y)
B(x)
x
y
=1
.
y
M(x, y)
y
y
=
=
=
x
x
x
A(y)
B(x)
x
y
92. .
:
( )
= 90) :
(
=
(1)
= 90) :
(
=
(2)
( 1 ), ( 2 ) :
=
(3)
(4)
(3), (4)
93. .
2 = 2 + 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 2
( )
2 = 2 + 2 2.
= 90) :
(
=
(1)
2 + 2 = 2
(2)
( = 90 )
:
2 = 2 + 2 = 2 + ( )2 =
(2 )
(1)
2 + 2 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 2 =
2 + 2 2
:
2 = 2 + 2 2 2 = 2 + 2 2
1. :
( + )2=
2 - 2= .
: ( + )3 = 3 + 32 + 32 + 3
2. ) ( ).
)
) ( - )3=................................... .
3. ) : ( + )2 =2 + 2 + 2
) : ( + )( )=
( + )3=.
4. ) ;
) :
( - )2 = ..
2 - 2 = ( - )3 =
5. ) ;
) :
( + )2=.. 2 - 2 + 2= (-) (+)=..
) ( - )3 = 3 - 32 + 32 - 3
6. ) ;
) ( + )2=2 + 2 + 2
) :
( + )3=
( - )3 =
( + ) ( - )=.
7. ) ;
) ;
) ; :
( + ) ( - ) = ..
( - )2 = .. ( + )3 = ..
8. ) 2 ;
) x2+x+=0 , 0 ;
) x2+x+=0 , 0 2-4>0;
) x2+x+=0 , 0 2-4=0;
) x2+x+=0 , 0 2-4<0;
9. x2+x+=0 , 0
)
)
)
)
)
;
;
;
; ;
; ;
1. ) () () :
i) 1 1.
ii) 1 1.
iii) .
iv) =0 =0.
) :
2 + 2 = .
.....
.....
1- 2 = ..
1- 2 = ..
2. ) :
(90 - )=.
(90 - )=
(180 - )=
(180 )=..
(180 - )=..
2 + 2=..
..........
..........
) i) .
(,)
ii)
3. ) ;
) ;
) (, , )
) ;
() () :
5:
)
..
:
:
:
:
7. ) ;
1:
2:
3:
) :
1:
..
2:
3:
.
1
= (2 x 1) 2 2 x( x 1) 5
) = 2 x 2 2 x 4
) =0
)
2
()= 3 -(+) 2 +(9-2)+1 .
) (2)=35 (-1)=-1 .
) =-6 =-5, () 2+1
.
) ()=-5 =-6 =-5.
) =-6 =-5, ()=()+5 >3
()<0.
(-: ) k=-6, =-5, B) ()=(2+1)(-32+7+6)-5, ) =-1/2, =3, =-2/3, )
()=(2+1)(-3)(-3-2), >3 >-1/2, 3 )
3
( )
1 2
2 5
2
.
2 3 5 6
) ().
) ( )
2
.
3
) > 3 () < 0.
) ( )
2
.
2 3
: (x)=2x(3x-1)-(x-1).(1+x)-3x2-1 B(x)=(3x-2)2-(2x-1).(4x-3)
. (x)=2x2-2x (x)=x2-2x+1.
. (x) B(x).
. x (x)=
(x).
(x-1)2-(x-1)(x+1)-8(x-1)2=0
(x)
B(x)
6
x 2y x
3
2
y 2x y
2
4
1
:
7
E
x 2 5x 6
2x
,B 2
2x 4
x 9
)
)
) =0
) .=.
) ;
ii) ( 2) 2 ( 1) 2 2 3. R
ii) 1002 2 10012 2000 3.
9
E = x 3 1 2( x 2 1)
) =-2
)
)
10
E
A
3
x 1
2 x
2x 2
,B
x 1
x2
)
) = 3
) -1 , + , . , :B
11
i. 2 + 32
ii. 43 8
iii. 102 10002
iv. 52 + 10
v. ( - 3) + 2(3 - )
12
:
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x 4 y 1 xy 2 2 y x .
2
+ + + +
+
252 4
( + )2 1
2 ( +2)2
13
, .=1
14
:
i)
ii)
3x
x
5
2x 6 2x
1
4
x 2 x 1
2
12
x2
15
a2 a 1
a
1
4
a 1
a a
2012
16
:
3x
=6
2 5
2 3
=2
4
6
17
) :
=3+42+4, =24, =22
)
1 2 1
= .
A B
18
:
4
x+1
x+2
=
x +2x-3
2-2x
x+3
2
19
) 7
40
) 11 2 30
30
20
9 2 12 4
4 10 2 25
1
4
2
4 4
2
4 2 4 1
6 63 9
22 8 16
42 28 492
46 43 1
2 2
16 10 25
2 2 1
25 15 9
2
25 x 20 4
21
1
1
1
1
2 2 2 3 2 3
22
i)
1
17
3
ii)
iii)
3 2 1 3 2
2 1
23
6 2 23
3
2 2 1 2 1 4 2 1 4
2
2 1
2 2 1 2 2 5 2 1
2
2 2 3 2 0
4
2
2 1
1 1 22 2
2
2 2 2 2 92 4 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
5 2
5 2
20
x 1 3 x 2x 2 x 3 13
3
x 2 3 x 2x 2 x 2 x 9
3
2 2
2
31
24
x
1
3
x
x2
1
7
x2
2
3
4
) 3x 2x 4x
x
x
x
2
25
6 6
3 2 6 3
2 2 2
2 2
1 2 3 5
1 2 3
2
2 2 3
2 1
3 22
3
2 3 2
2 4 4
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 5 4
2 6 8
3 22 2
3 2 3 3
26
3 6
3
2
2
7 10 25
3 15
2 49
2
2 3 2 2
9 2 4 2
1 4 4 2 2 1
:
2 4
2
1 42 6
82 12 1 2
102 5
25
:
2
1 4 4 2 8 2
3 6
1
1
2 2 1
:
3 3
2 42 2 2
:
2 4 42
27
+=3 =2,
1 1
)
2 2
)
32
28
29
6 ,
12
30
N
12
1 1
7
1 2
3
2 1
2
2
1
1
1
1
3 2
2 2
1 1
1 1
31
2
2 1 Q(x)=3x-2 ,
. P(x).Q(x)
.P x . Qx 3x x 1
32
. Px 1 . Qx x
1 2 3 1 5 2 3
23 2 1 2 13 1
3 2 13 1 3 2 1
33
2
2x x 3
2-3 ,
34
, , : 2 = 2 + 2.
:
2 2 2 2
35
:
= 1 43 31 15 100
18
4
3
12
9 1,5
33
-T
1
) x 2 kx 8 R =-4
)
)
) 8m2 .
H 2m .
2
: =
. = -
3
5
. =
4
3
4
, :
5
-120 3
=
+135 70
(=) .
, ;:
. .
.
4
=300.
B
=300.
=15cm, =5cm
) .
)
=
=
.
15cm
5cm
, =x, =4 cm, =5 cm,
=9 cm, =x+9 cm =y+13 cm.
)
.
) x y.
34
(=) =50. .
: i) ,
ii) .
z xOy
. = =.
10
. = .
11
. ) )
.
12
. =.
13
(,) .
2=.
14
, , , , .
.
15
. , , , ,
.
16
.
=//
1
.
2
17
:
2
35
18
=10 cm , =10 3 cm 30 .
.
19
:
20
:
a 2 2 2 .
a 3 2 3 2 2 9 .
21
x
2
5 4 x 2 3 x .
x 2
22
90 x 180 ,
5
) x x .
2
2
) x x x
23
x 1
x ,
2
x
) :
2001
.
x 2001 .x 2001
24
3
,
4
2
) .
25
= 900 =
3
= 9.
5
36
26
:
1
1
2
3 2
)
)
1 1 2
1
1
1
) +
2
1
1 2 2 2
27
300. 120
400.
.
28
:
( ).
29
: =
= ( + )2 + ( )2,
2 2
4 4
,
=
2
= 2(1 + 2)
30
:
=120150135 , =120150135 , =120150135
=150135120 , =135120150 ,
=12013515045+4513545
37
10
20
30
38
40
50
60
39
70
80
90
40
100
110
120
41
130
140
150
42
160
170
180
43
190
10
20
30
40
44
50
60
70
80
90
45
100
110
120
130
46
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
47
220
230
240
250
270
280
48
290
300
310
310
320
330
49
340
-
350
360
370
50
380
390
400
410
51
420
430
440
450
52
460
470
480
490
53
500
510
520
530
540
54
550
560
570
580
590
55
600
56
5
10
-
:
1.
.
2. (+ )3 = 3+32 +32+3.
: 1. =
4
900<<1800 , .
5
2. :
2x + 3 = - 5
5x + = 7
3 . :
2x2 - 14x + 20 = 0
.
.
57
20
-.
1. .
2.
1. ;
) x=9
) 3x-3=2+4
x-2=5
3x-=11
2. ;
i) ( 3 +...)2 = ...+....+ 92
3. (=900)
. , .
.
.
30
10
) ;
) : ( + )( ) = 2 2 .
) :
.
58
.
.
.
.
(+)2=
()3=
()2=
(+)3=
1.
2.
3.
4.
3+32+32+3
2 + 2 + 2
3
-32+32- 3
2 2 + 2
20
) (2) .
)
() , (), .
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) , .
10
()= ( 2 + 1 )2 - 3( + 1 ) 7
) () = 2 + 6
) () = 0
) () = 2 + 6 .
20
2(3 1) (4 11) 5
: 2 1
3 2
3 6
6 4 14
(1) :
2 3 4
(2) .
30
3
= , :
5
.
.
1
1
. = 3
4
3
59
60