BOX 19031, 500 W. FIRST ST.

, 325 WOOLF HALL, ARLINGTON, TEXAS 76019-0031

T 817-272-2398 F 817-272-2538 http://www.uta.edu

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


06-13-2011

Ms. Jeane Deatherage
Administrator, Foundation Programs
Materials Park, OH 44073

RE: Undergraduate Design Competition

Dear Jeane:

I am pleased to inform you that the Undergraduate Design Competition Submission
entitled Controlled Release Drug Delivery System by Letia Blanco, Christopher
Alberts, Kyle Godfrey, Andrew Patin and Chris Grace is the only one from the Materials
Advantage-University of Texas at Arlington Chapter. The students have committed to
make sure that in the event that they win the competition at least one of them will come
to the MS&T meeting this fall. If you have any questions please do not hesitate to contact
me. Best wishes.



Sincerely yours,


Pranesh B. Aswath Ph.D.
Professor and Associate Chair
Faculty Advisor: Materials Advantage-University of Texas at Arlington
Materials Science and Engineering Department
University of Texas at Arlington
Arlington, TX 76019
817-272-7108
aswath@uta.edu


eam Members

2011
Team Members
Letia Blanco
Christopher Bryan Alberts
Kyle Godfrey
Andrew Patin
Chris Grace

Advisors
Dr. Shiakolas
Dr. Aswath
Correspondence Address
2620 Bauer Drive
Denton TX 76207





Table of Contents
Executive Summary 1

Report Body
Introduction 1
Device Design 3
Analytical Thermal Model 13
ANSYS IcePak Finite Element Model 19
Release Rate Testing 23
Project Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Projects 27


Appendices
Appendix A: Fabrication Processes
Appendix B: Bibliography
Appendix C: Dimensioned Drawings
Appendix D: Material Data Sheets



















1

Executive Summary

Half a million people in America seek medical treatment for burns every year and for
40,000 of them, their injuries are severe enough to require hospitalization. Treatment of these
very painful injuries consists of applying multiple topical medications to fight bacterial infection,
keep the wound moist, reduce pain and stimulate tissue growth. This often requires that the
wound dressing be opened multiple times a day. This process is extremely uncomfortable for the
patient and it exposes the wound to the environment, significantly increasing the chance of
infection. If a system could be designed to increase the amount of time between dressing
changes, both pain and the likelihood of infection could be reduced.
The Controlled Release Drug Delivery Device is specifically designed to increase the
amount of time between wound dressing changes. This goal is accomplished through the
implementation of two key concepts. We use a hydrogel that can be both hydrophilic and
hydrophobic depending on its temperature, by controlling the temperature of the hydrogel using
thermoelectric devices we are able to both heat and cool the hydrogel when necessary, ensuring
excellent temperature control and thus controlled drug delivery. Our bandage consists of many
separate modules capable of distributing multiply medication all on their own time schedule.
These modules are connected by a flexible plastic allowing the bandage to comfortably conform
to any wound. A lateral wiring scheme allows for bandage size customizability and removable
medicine trays allows spent hydrogel to be removed and the electrical components sterilized,
then recharged and reused.
We have created a device that offers controlled delivery of multiple medications without
the removal of wound dressings. We believe this device will be a profitable product that will
reduce infections, diminish patient discomfort, shorten hospital stays, lessen medical costs and
save lives.

Introduction
Background and Motivation

Every year approximately 500,000 Americans
receive treatment for burn related injuries. 40,000
Americans require hospitalization and 24,000 require
treatment at specialized burn care facilities (American
Burn Association). For the vast majority of these
individuals a long and painful process is required for the
treatment and healing of the wounded areas.
The wound site is very sensitive to any amount
of stimulation. This means that every time the wound is
inspected and subsequently dressed, the patient must
endure a large amount of pain. Since dressing changes
Figure 1 - Example of Wound, Appropriate
Application for our Bandage
2

must be made on a very regular basis, every 8-12 hours, the treatment process becomes a never-
ending struggle with pain.
The second problem in burn wound treatment is the risk of bacterial infection. On
average bacterial infection accounts for between 50-60% of all deaths in burn patients (Sally
Abston MD). Bacterial infection is often prevalent in burn victims due to a combination of dead
tissue, a weakened immune system and the destruction of the skin's barrier to infection. This
allows bacteria to penetrate deep into the skin and permits travel through the lymph system.
Physicians are forced to inspect the wound site on a regular basis to ensure that burn wounds are
not becoming infected. Repeated wound inspection exposes the wound site to potential infection
causing contaminants.
Along with painful treatment, burn victims must also deal with large financial burden. In
1992, a burn that covered 30% of the victims body could cost around two hundred thousand
dollars to treat. The average cost of burn related hospitalization was $17,300 versus $9,000 for
all other types of stays. The average hospital stay for burn patients was 8.9 days versus 5.1 days
for all other types of patients (United States Department of Labor). If we can create a device that
can improve the effectiveness of burn treatment, we can save lives, lessen suffering, shorten
hospital stays and save money.

A New Approach

The MicroMed Controlled Release Drug Delivery Devise has been designed to be a new
approach to burn wound and skin graft donor site management. With this device the patient will
experience a much less traumatic rehabilitation process due to a reduced amount of pain during
treatment as well as a reduced likelihood of infection. The devise accomplishes this task by
allowing a longer period of time to pass between
dressing changes.
The MicroMed Controlled Release Drug
Delivery Devise is a drug release mechanism which
offers the medical practitioner complete control over
the drug time rate of release. It is a modular device
which can be custom sized for individual burn wound
needs. It consists of individual modules that are
loaded with medications to treat the wound. Refer
Figure 2 Drug Delivery Device. Each module allows
the operator to choose exactly when, how long and at
what intensity the drug is released. When the module
has delivered its entire drug supply it can be reloaded
with a fresh supply of drugs.
The MicroMed Controlled Release Drug Delivery Device is a significant breakthrough in
the way burn wounds and skin graft donor sites could be treated. By allowing physicians to
effectively treat wounds in a much less invasive way this devise promises to reduce pain and
infection and give patients higher levels of comfort during treatment than they have ever had
before.
Figure 2 Drug Delivery Device
3

Device Design
The purpose of our design is to produce a flexible bandage that can release multiple medications
on any time schedule determined by a doctor. Figure 3 Bandage Visualizing Multiple
Medication Placement and Release Control, imagine the blue modules could be releasing an
antimicrobial every hour, the yellow modules a growth hormone every four hours and the green
modules could be releasing a pain killer continuously. In general,
we determined that any good design would need to:
1. Allow for significant customizability, both in the shape
and size of the bandage and the specific configuration of
medication within the device
2. Be easy to manufacture by minimizing the number and
complexity of individual parts while incorporating
available materials and off the shelf parts
3. Be robust enough to survive transport and use
4. Be comfortable for the patient and easy to use
Thermally Responsive Hydrogel

The fundamental building block of our design is a thermally responsive composite hydrogel.
This Composite Hydrogel consists of
four parts:
Thermally responsive polymer
Therapeutic nanoparticles
Photo-initiator Irgacure 2959
Matrix polymer
Poly[N-isopropylacrylamide-co-
acrylamide] PNIPAM-AAm) is our
thermally responsive polymer, it can
be loaded with drugs and experiences a
phase change at a lower critical
solution temperature (LCST). Below the
LCST the PNIPAM-AAm is hydrophilic,
allowing it to be loaded with an aqueous solution containing therapeutic nanoparticles. In our
device this could be antimicrobial agents, analgesics or growth hormones for wound treatment.
When exposed to temperatures above the LCST, the PNIPAM-AAm becomes hydrophobic and
rejects the aqueous solution of medication into the surrounding hydrogel at which time the
medicine travels by diffusion to the wound site. The acrylamide was added to increase the LCST
from about 80 F to about 100 F, thus ensuring that normal contact with skin would not be
enough to activate the medication release. The temperature sensitive polymer, PNIPAM-AAm, is
impregnated with medicine and is then mixed with a photo-initiator, Irgacure 2959, and a matrix
Figure 4 Description of Thermally Responsive Composite Hydrogel (Sabnis)
Figure 3 Bandage Visualizing Multiple Medication
Placement and Release Control
4

polymer. Poly[ethylene glycol] diacrylate (PEGDA) was chosen as the matrix polymer for its
cross linking abilities. Next, this mixture is
exposed to UV light, resulting in a gelatinous
substance subsequently referred to as the
Composite Hydrogel. Please see Figure 4
Description of Thermally Responsive
Composite Hydrogel (Sabnis). For more
information on the fabrication of the
hydrogel please see Appendix A: Fabrication
Processes.

When held continuously at a temperature
above the LCST, the therapeutic
nanoparticles experience three types of
release phases. The Initial Burst Phase,
usually completed in the first hour, is the highest rate of release. The second phase, Sustained
Burst, lasts usually 1-8 hours and is significantly slower than the Initial Burst release. The last
phase is the Plateau Release phase, which is a period of very small but still continuing release.
Please see Figure 5 Example Graph of Drug Release Rates (Sabnis). By instead exposing the
hydrogel to cycles of heating and cooling, we minimize the amount of medication released
during the burst phase, thus enabling uniform doses.
Hydrogel Containment Chamber

In order to enable individual control, about .062 cm
3
of Composite Hydrogel is held in separate
containment chambers, each tray containing a single medication.. Stainless Steel was chosen as
the chamber material due to its excellent thermal conductivity, its biocompatibility, its ability to
be sterilized and its established ubiquity in medical devices. (Note: due to material availability,
containment chambers in the proof of concept
prototype were made from Aluminum.) Holding
the hydrogel in a container that can be removed
from the overall device allows us to easily photo-
polymerize the Composite Hydrogel directly in the
tray, ensuring repeatable shape and volume. In tray
photopolymerization also results in a small amount
of adherence between the hydro gel and the walls
of the tray, helping to prevent the hydrogel from
shifting within the device. These removable trays
could allow the doctor to easily recharge their
bandage with disposable medicine trays while
allowing the more expensive electrical components
to be sterilized and reused. For more information
on tray fabrication, please see Appendix A:
Fabrication Processes. For a dimensioned drawing
of the tray, please see Appendix D: Dimensioned Drawings.
Figure 5 Example Graph of Drug Release Rates (Sabnis)
Figure 6 - Tray with Composite Hydrogel
5

Temperature Regulation using Thermoelectric Devices

To control the release of the medication, we must be able to control the temperature of the
hydrogel. Each tray containing Composite Hydrogel is heated to release temperatures by contact
with a thermoelectric device (TED). Thermoelectric devices take advantage of the Peltier effect
to move heat both with, and more importantly against a temperature gradient. N-type and P-type
semiconductors are wired in series and sandwiched between two ceramic plates. Due to their
solid-state construction, thermoelectric devices are dependable. They are also available in very
small sizes and they have sufficient heating and cooling capabilities. Thus, each cavity of
Composite can be controlled individually. Thermoelectric devices act as reversible heat pumps.
If current is passed through the thermoelectric in one direction, the thermoelectric will function
as a heater see Figure 7 Thermoelectric Device as a Heater. If current is passed through the
thermoelectric in the opposite direction, it will function as a cooler; see Figure 8 -
Thermoelectric Device as a Cooler. For more information about the thermoelectric device we
have chosen, see Appendix C: Material Data Sheets.

Alignment Structure

Each thermoelectric device and tray of hydrogel fits into a poly(methyl methacrylite) or PMMA
insert. This insert provides rigidity while ensuring that the thermoelectric and the tray of
hydrogel remain properly aligned during use. The sub-assembly the tray of Composite Hydrogel
in contact with the thermocouple and the TED, all inside the PMMA insert will subsequently be
referred to as a Module. For an exploded view, please see Figure 8 - Module Exploded View. For
an assembled view, please see Figure 7 - Module Collapsed View. For a photo of a fabricated
module please see Figure 9 - Completed Module. For the manufacturing processes used in the
fabrication of the PMMA insert, please see Appendix A. For more information on PMMA,
Figure 7 Thermoelectric Device as a Heater Figure 8 - Thermoelectric Device as a Cooler
6

please see the Material Data Sheet in Appendix C. For an engineering drawing of the PMMA
insert, please see Appendix D.






















Connecting the Modules

Each individually controlled module fits into a cavity of a housing made from
polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This strong, flexible material is common in biomedical
applications. Connecting the rigid modules with this flexible material reduces the rigid footprint
of the device allowing the
bandage to conform to the
wound. This separation between
modules also reduces heat
bleeding between cavities,
allowing each module to heat and
cool properly no matter the
temperature of the surrounding
modules. For information about
PDMS, see its Material Data
Sheet in Appendix C. For the
fabrication process, please see
Figure 11 - Lateral Wiring
Scheme
Figure 10 - Variable Length Bandage
Figure 8 - Module Exploded View
Figure 7 - Module Collapsed View
Figure 9 - Completed Module
7

Appendix A. For an engineering drawing of the PDMS Casing please see Appendix D. Each
module will be wired laterally into strips several modules long. Each of these strips would be
independently wired so the bandage could be cut in between strips without compromising the
integrity of the wiring. The width of the
bandage is fixed by the number of modules in
a strip, but the length of the bandage is
customizable to the size of the treatment site.
See Figure 10 - Variable Length Bandage and
Figure 11 - Lateral Wiring Scheme. Each
module has the wires from the thermocouple
and the wires to the thermoelectric each will
meet at a connection pin that will plug into a
variable length wiring harness that will
connect to a battery operated portable
controller. Thus, this bandage could work in
any situation from the hospital setting to a
soldier in the field.

Closed Loop Control System

Figure 13 - Control Diagram
SBC -68 Connecting Block
3 IC H-Bridges
3 Devices
12V Power Supply
Figure 12 - PDMS Casing with Single Module
8

Our control system hardwarde includes a 12V power supply capable of delivering 4A, an IC H-
bridge to allow for current switching and voltage control, thermocouples to read the temperature
and a National Instruments SCB-68 connecting block to allow for wire connection to the NI PCI-
6221 DAQ card installed in a Dell Optiplex 745 PC running Windows XP SP3 with LabVIEW
2010.

One 40 gauge K Type bi-metallic thermocouple is inserted in between the thermoelectric device
and the tray of hydrogel and held in place by thermal epoxy. Another thermocouple is inserted
directly into the tray of hydrogel. First the thermocouple feeds back the voltage, which is
converted to a temperature via a calibration curve. The raw thermocouple data was then
compressed at a rate of twenty to one, reducing the number of data points being recorded. The
compressed signals were then linked to a graph in order to monitor the temperatures. In addition
to a graph the data is written to an excel file to monitor the temperature history of each module
during testing. If the temperature is outside the desired range, LabVIEW will send the signal to
an IC H-bridge which changes the direction of current flow through the thermoelectric device
enabling heating or cooling.


The IC H-bridge has two inputs to control its
behavior. The first input, on pin 3, controls
whether the H-bridge passes current in one
direction (5V applied by LabVIEW), or the
other direction (0V applied by LabVIEW);
this current direction switching is what
allows the user to select heating or cooling
via the computer. The second input, on pin
4, controls whether the H-bridge is allowing
current to pass or not; this on / off capability
acts as a relay allowing us to electronically
cycle the device on and off.

Figure 14 - IC H Bridge
9



Figure 15 - IC H Bridge on solderless breadboard

The user selects either heating or cooling on the front panel; these buttons choose whether the
heating or cooling logic statement is used for each device. By cycling the thermoelectric device
on and off a fairly uniform hydrogel temperature is produced.



10


Figure 16 - LabVIEW block diagram


Figure 17 - LabVIEW front panel
11

The following graphs show heating and cooling data from the excel file that is written at the end
of each test. The yellow shaded areas show the desired temperature range. The horizontal red
line shows the temperature the logic was set to toggle at in LabVIEW. The blue line is the
thermoelectric
device, notice it
changes
temperature very
quickly. The green
line is the
temperature of the
hydrogel, notice it
reaches the desired
temperature more
slowly. Once the
hydrogel reaches
the desired
temperature the
thermoelectric is
turned off; when
the hydrogel returns
to a temperature
outside of the logic
temperature the
device
thermoelectric is
turned back on.
This toggling logic
allows us to cycle
the device on and
off to maintain a
desired tray
temperature within
just a few degrees.




Figure 19 - Heating Test of Single Module
Figure 18 - Cooling Test of Single Module
12


13

Analytical Thermal Model

This thermal model was created in order to:
1. Increase our understanding of thermoelectric device functionality
2. Determine if a heatsink is necessary. If so, predict the minimum size requirements
3. Evaluate how the device will perform over a range of input currents and select the most
appropriate application current.

The non-intuitive behavior of the thermoelectric devices led to an interesting analytical thermal
model. The following equations describe how heat flows into the cold side and out of the hot
side of the device . As demonstrated by the following equations, heat flow is a function of
applied current, Seebeck Coefficient, thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity (thus Joule
Heating) of the internal materials.






Where
Qh is the heat flow from the hot side of the thermoelectric, Qc is the heat flow into the cold
side of the thermoelectric, Th is the temperature of the hot side of the thermoelectric, Tc is the
temperature of the cold face of the thermoelectric and I in the input current.





Approximate material properties:

+
1
2

1
2

2

,
P P N N P P N N
P N P N
A A L L
K R
L L A A


14

Number of couples, N: 17
Element width (in), W: 0.025
Element length (in), L: 0.040


We modeled the thermal path from the interior of the body, through the skin, through the
device and passing into the surrounding air.

Figure 20 - Exploded View of Thermal Path and Corresponding Thermal Resistance Diagram


For steady state, the amount of heat flowing from the body through the device and into the
thermoelectric device had to be equal to Qc, the heat flow into the thermoelectric. And the
heat flow out of the thermoelectric Qh had to be equal to the heat flow through the heat sink
and into the air. Thus we were able to write a pair of simultaneous equations, one for each
face of the thermoelectric device.




h

+
1
2

2
)

1
2

2
) =
1

15


Note: R
resultant
was the equivalent resistance of the skin and device up to the cold face of the
thermoelectric device.

After substituting in the material properties, we were left with two equations and four
unknowns; the area of the heat sink, the applied current, the temperature of the cold face of
the thermoelectric and the temperature of the hot face of the thermoelectric. By substituting a
range of values for the independent variables, heat sink area and applied current, we were able
to solve for the temperatures of the thermoelectric faces. We then used this information to
calculate the speed of heat flow for the given configuration and used this to calculate the
maximum temperature experienced by the hydrogel.

In order to visualize the results, we wrote the following Matlab program:

% One dimensional conduction from skin to TED
T_body=308; % K body temperature
A=.000044; % m^2 cross sectional area, all faces are equal area
k1=.3; % w/mk thermal conductivity of human skin/fat
L1=.003; % m thickness of human skin/fat
R1=L1/(k1*A); % resistance through skin/fat

k2a=.15; % w/mk thermal conductivity of PDMS
k2b=.56; % w/mk thermal conductivity of water
L2=.002; % m length of composite PDMS/Water layer
R2a=L2/(k2a*.5*A);
R2b=L2/(k2b*.5*A);
R2=1.0/(1.0/R2a+(1.0/R2b)); % resistance through parallel water and PDMS

k3=.56; % w/mk thermal conductivity of water
L3=.003; % m length of hydrogel layer
R3=L3/(k3*A); % resistance through hydrogel

k4=237; % w/mk thermal conductivity of Aluminum
L4=.5; % length of Aluminum layer
R4=L4/(k4*A); % resistance through Aluminum

Req=R1+R2+R3+R4 ;% equivalent resistance from skin to TED

% Heat transfer to/from the TED
ap_minus_an=.00043; % V/K Seebeck Coefficient
lam_p=1.4; % W/mK thermal conductivity
lam_n=1.4; % W/mK thermal conductivity
rho_p=1*10^-5; % Ohm-meter electrical resistivity
rho_n=1*10^-5; % Ohm-meter electrical resistivity
N=17; % Number of elements
Ew=.000635; % m width of element (I think the element is square so this is the width
and length)
Ap=Ew*Ew; % m^2 P element area
An=Ew*Ew; % m^2 N element area
El=.001016; % m length of element (I think this is actually the height)
K=((lam_p*Ap)/El)+((lam_n*An)/El); % w/mK thermal conductivity of TED
R=((rho_p*El)/Ap)+((rho_n*El)/An); % Ohms


% Convection from the face of the TED to the air
h=15; % w/m^2K convection coefficient for free convection over TED face
16

T_sur=296; % K temperature of surrounding air
A_heatsink=.000044; % m^2 initial value for area of heatsink

% defining variables for the hydrogel
R_hydro=R1+R2; % resistance between body and hot side of hydrogel
T_hydro_max=0; % initializing the max hydrogel temperature

% setting up the 2 simultaneous equations
% h*A_heatsink*(Th-T_sur)=N*(ap_minus_an*I*Th-K(Th-Tc)+.5*(I^2)*R);
% (T_body-Tc)/Req=N*(ap_minus_an*I*Tc-K(Th-Tc)-.5*(I^2)*R);
% rearranging to find Cx=D

% I=input current in amps
I=0;

% Th=temp of TED hot side
Th=0; % initializing Th

% Tc=temp of TED cold side
Tc=0; % initializing Tc

% establishing looping vector
loop=linspace(.01,2, 100); % 250);
loop2=linspace(.0022,.004, 100); % 250);
Heat_Sink_Array=[];
QQ=[];
mydata=[];
l=0;
for I=loop % increasing current
%Icount=Icount+1;
Heat_Sink_Vector=[];
Qloss = [];
Theat_cold =[];
l=l+1;
k=0;

for A_heatsink=loop2 % increasing Area
C1=h*A_heatsink-N*ap_minus_an*I+N*K; % coefficient of Th in first equation
C2=(1.0/Req)+N*ap_minus_an*I+N*K; % coefficient of Tc in second equation
C=[C1,-N*K; -N*K, C2]; % coefficient matrix
D=[((N/2.0)*I^2*R+h*A_heatsink*T_sur); ((N/2.0)*I^2*R+(T_body/Req))];
X=C\D; % solving for Th and Tc
T_hydro_max=T_body-(T_body-X(2))*(R_hydro/Req);
Q=(1/Req)*(T_body-X(2));
mydata=[mydata; I, A_heatsink, X(1)-273, X(2)-273, T_hydro_max-273, Q];
k=k+1;
Temp(k,l)=[T_hydro_max-273];
end % end for heatsink loop
fprintf('I value %f \n', I)
end % end for temp max loop


% Generate 3-D plot of current, surface area and Temp
[x,y]=meshgrid(loop,loop2);
surf(x,y,Temp);
xlabel('Current (Amps)')
ylabel('Surface Area (m^2)')
zlabel('Temp (C)')
AZ=130;
EL=30;
view(AZ,EL);
17

Which produces the following graph:

Figure 21 - Maximum Hydrogel Temperature as a function of Heat Sink surface area and Input Current
As we would expect, as the surface area of the heatsink increases, heat is expelled more easily
and the maximum temperature of the hydrogel diminishes. Also as expected, low input current
results in insufficient cooling. But counter intuitively, increasing input current does not continue
to improve cooling. We had expected a thermoelectric device cooling at full blast maximum
input current to produce maximum cooling, but instead we see that as the input current increases
past a certain range, Joule Heating begins to overpower the Peltier Effect and the maximum
temperature in the hydrogel begins to rise dramatically.

This analysis process was repeated for a module in contact with our PMMA testbed. When the
convection coefficient produced by a small electronics fan was assumed to be 12 W/m2K this
model predicted hydrogel temperatures that were within 2 degrees of experimentally measured
values.

Conclusions from Analytical Thermal Model
A heat sink will be necessary to adequately cool our device
The heat sink should have a minimum surface area of at least .0022m
2

For very low or very high input current Joule Heating over powers the Peltier Effect
and the steady state temperature of the hydrogel rises dramatically
For coolest hydrogel, input current should be .8A-1.2A
18



19

ANSYS IcePak Finite Element Analysis

Introduction

A model of our device
was created in ANSYS IcePak
to the geometric specifications
detailed in our CAD model,
but disregarding internal radii,
ledges and small geometric
features that were unlikely to
have a significant impact on
the device temperature profile.
A rendering of the device
assembly is shown in Figure
22 - Device, Test bed and Heat
Sink in ANSYS IcePak. Our
first step was to calibrate the model by first modeling the device in contact with the test bed and
then comparing the temperatures predicted by ANSYS IcePak to those measured experimentally.
We then used the model to investigate how proximity of heating and cooling modules affected
hydrogel temperature and lastly to predict how the hydrogel temperature would be changed
when, instead of the test bed, the device was in contact with skin.

Model Setup

In our IcePak Model we placed the
assembly in a 0.1 m x 0.1 m x 0.1 m cabinet
open on all sides except for the bottom
surface, thus mimicking our device and test
bed sitting on a table. Air was forced over the
assemblys heat sinks from a position that
was very close to where we had placed a
small electronics fan. The heat sinks were
modeled realistically but were simplified
slightly. The thermoelectric devices used in
the actually model were created using a
macro native to the IcePak program in
conjunction with data that we received from
the manufacturer. The thermoelectric macro
was one of the primary reasons that we chose
to analyze our device in IcePak instead of
another Finite Element Analysis program due
to the ease of creating an accurate model of a
Figure 23 - IcePak Model Setup
Figure 22 - Device, Test bed and Heat Sink in ANSYS IcePak
20

thermoelectric in this program. This macro allowed us to identify a number of characteristics of
the thermoelectric including material
properties, size and number of
couples and applied current.









Results and Discussion

TEST 1

We began by mimicking our
test bed set up, with the theroeoelctric
experiencing 1A input current, and
adjusted the cubic flow rate of the
fan within reasonable values until the
steady state cooling value of the
hydrogel was sufficiently close to
experimentally measured values. The
results of this model can be seen in
Figure 27 - Three Modules
Experiencing Cooling. Since the
purpose of our Finite Element
Analysis was to COMPARE how
proximity between modules
influences temperature, we argue that
this initial calibration to ensure that
three modules experiencing cooling
closely matched experimental values
was appropriate.







Figure 24 - Screen Shot of Thermoelectric Device Macro in ANSYS
IcePak
Figure 27 - Three Modules Experiencing Cooling
Figure 28 - Steady State Experimental Data compared to Calibrated
IcePak Predictions
21

TEST 2

We then ran another test where
the central module remained in a
cooling state and the modules adjacent
to it were heated. While we continued
to apply 1A to the cooling module, we
applied a reduced current to the
heating module. Our control system
switches on and off to hold this steady
temperature and this on/off results in
an average input current which is less
than the maximum current that would
be applied if held on continuously.
Again, the purpose of our FEM model
was to evaluate the effects of heat bleeding, thus it was appropriate to place our cooling module
close to heated modules that would be producing the same amount of heat as heated modules
being controlled by our control system. As can be seen in Figure 25 - Cooled Module in
Proximity to Two Heated Modules, this configuration resulted in an increase in steady state
cooling temperature of the hydrogel of 6 degrees Fahrenheit. This steady state cooling value can
be interpreted as the coolest possible temperature with a thermoelectric device running
continuously. A steady state cooling temperature of 63 F means that our control system could
cycle on and off and produce a cold temperature of 63 F or greater. Thus although there was a
small increase in the temperature of the hydrogel this value is still more than 44 F below the
LCST of the hydrogel.


TEST 3
The last model replaced the
test bed with a representation of
human skin. Human skin was again
modeled as it was in the Analytical
Thermal Model, as a constant internal
body temperature of 96F, with a
3mm layer of fat with a thermal
conductivity of .3 W/mK. This test
was performed to determine if the
cooling provided by the
thermoelectric devices would be
sufficient to keep the hydrogel
temperature below the LCST. The
results of this test can be seen in
Figure 26 - Three Cooled Modules in Contact with Skin. The average temperature of the
hydrogel was increased to 70F. Although contact with the body did significantly increase the
temperature of the hydrogel, this higher temperature was still more than 37 F below the LCST,
the temperature at which the hydrogel experiences the phase change which results in rapid
Figure 25 - Cooled Module in Proximity to Two Heated Modules
Figure 26 - Three Cooled Modules in Contact with Skin
22

medication release. This large margin proves that our chosen thermoelectric devices will be able
to sufficiently cool the hydrogel even when the device is in contact with skin.

Conclusions from the ANSYS IcePak Thermal Model
1 A applied current for cooling, adjusted cubic flow rate of small electronics fan and
reduced applied current to mimic control system heating accurate predict the
behavior of our device
Heat bleeding between modules does occur, but is very small and although it
increases the steady state cooling temperature of the hydrogel, this temperature is
still 44F below the LCST of the hydrogel
Contact with skin further increases the steady state cooling temperature of the
hydrogel, but this increased temperature is still 37F below the LCST of the
hydrogel.
Our device has significant margin between steady state cooling hydrogel
temperature and the LCST, thus we predict that even when near to heating modules
and in contact with skin, our thermoelectric devices will be powerful enough to
keep the hydrogel below release temperatures.
23

Release Rate Testing
Motivations for Release Rate Testing
1) Confirm that our control system can properly heat the hydrogel to induce protein release
2) Investigate how protein release rate changes as concentration in the hydrogel diminishes
3) Investigate how protein release rates can be manipulated by applying cycles of heating and
cooling
Experimental Procedure
1) 80 L of this Composite Hydrogel Solution was pipetted into the aluminum tray and photo-
polymerized under UV light for 3 minutes
2) 0.3 mL water injected into each cavity of the test bed
3) Modules with hydrogel inserted through the top of the PDMS casing
4) Artic Silver thermal epoxy and heat sink applied to the thermoelectric surface
5) After each test session, all water removed from testbed and stored and test bed was refilled
with fresh water
6) BCA assay used to characterize protein release
a) Calculated absorbency of samples in spectrometer at 562 nm wavelength
Two Modes of Diffusion
1) The protein is released from the PNIPAM-AAm
a) Cause: The PNIPAM-AAm becomes hydrophobic above the LCST
2) The protein makes its way through the hydrogel
a) Cause: Concentration gradient
Thus we would expect to see a delay between when the protein is released from the PNIPAM-
AAm and when it actually exits the hydrogel

In many ways the culmination of this project was the medication release testing. Only by
demonstrating that our device could actually induce and control the release of medication from
the hydrogel could we conclude that our device worked. From these tests we hoped to
demonstrate a few key concepts. First, we simply wanted to demonstrate that by using our device
to heat and cool the hydrogel we could influence the way medication was released. Second, we
wanted to develop a relationship between the amount of medication in the device and the
medication release rate. And finally, we wanted to demonstrate that we could produce a desired
release profile by manipulating the way we applied heating and cooling to the hydrogel. To
conduct these tests we fabricated a test bed capable of holding three modules at one time. Each
module was held over a chamber filled with water so that when it released, the medication would
be captured in the chamber. Each chamber was isolated from the other two chambers so that we
could measure the release from each module. To begin a test we would load each module with a
hydrogel impregnated with Bovine Serum Albumin. For each sample, we would remove the
water in each chamber and replace it with fresh water, this would allow us to track the change in
release rate as a function of time as well as other variables.


24

TEST 1

For our first test we wanted to determine a baseline release for our hydrogel samples. In theory
we would love to see that the hydrogel did not release any medication until it was brought above
the critical temperature. Unfortunately from the literature we knew that this was not the case and
we should
expect to see
some release
below the
critical
temperature.
The purpose
of the first test
was to
quantify this
uncontrollable
release. To do
this we loaded
a module with
BSA and let it
sit at room
temperature
for 7 hours.
The results of
this test were
that we saw
about 12.8% of the
total medication in the
hydrogel released. The next step for us was to conduct this same test except with the hydrogel
held above the critical release temperature, remember this should cause the hydrogel to release
the medication. For this test we held the device at approximately 107F. After conducting this
experiment we saw that 38.8% of the total medication in the device had been released. Seeing
that the amount of medication released was significantly greater in the heating test than it was in
the room temperature test, we concluded that our device was causing the hydrogel to release.
With a positive result from our first test we were able to move on to our next set of testing. See
Figure 27 - Cumulative Protein Release for Heated and Room Temperature Control, for test
results.


TEST 2

For our next test we wanted to see what effect cycling the device above and below the critical
temperature would have on medication release. To do this we loaded each module with
medication and then held the device at approximately 107F for 30 minutes followed by holding
the device at approximately 68F for 90 minutes. We continued with 30 minutes of heating, 90
minutes of cooling and finally 30 minutes of heating. Every 30 minutes we changed the water in
Figure 27 - Cumulative Protein Release for Heated and Room Temperature Control
25

Figure 28 - Protein Release in Response to Uniform Heating/Cooling Cycle
the capture chambers
so that we could
measure the release in
30-minute intervals.
What we found was
that our greatest
amount of release
occurred during the
first 30 minutes,
which corresponded to
the first 30 minutes of
heating. During the
next 90 minutes of
cooling we continued
to measure release,
however it decreased
over this time period.
During the next
heating we again saw
an increase in the
medication release;
however this release was
less than the amount we
saw in the first heating cycle. During the next 90 minutes of cooling we again saw release at a
decreasing rate and during the final heating cycle we saw a very small increase in the amount of
medication released. We were able to make two major conclusions from this test. First, we were
able to see that while the medication was released during the heating portion of the test a
significant amount of time was required for the medication to diffuse out of the device and into
the capture chambers. This delayed response is why we saw the decreasing amount of release
throughout the cooling portions of the test. The second conclusion we were able to make was
that overall rate of medication release is a function of the concentration of medication in the
device. When the concentration is high in the beginning, 30 minutes of heating produces a large
release, but when the concentration is low, near the end of the test, the 30 minutes of heating will
produce a much smaller release. See Figure 28 - Protein Release in Response to Uniform
Heating/Cooling Cycle, for release results.


TEST 3

For our third and final test we wanted to try to show that by adjusting the duration of the heating
cycle we could minimize the initial burst release and produce a fairly even amount of medication
release for each heating cycle. To accomplish this we decided to decrease the amount of initial
release by making our first period of heating last for only 15 minutes. This heating was followed
by 90 minutes of cooling. The second heating was applied for 30 minutes, twice as long as the
initial heating. This was followed by 90 minutes of cooling. Finally we applied heat for 45
minutes, three times as long as the initial heating. What we saw from this test was a much more
26

uniform release
profile. By
beginning with
heating for a short
period of time and
increasing it for
each subsequent
period of heating we
were able to balance
the release
throughout the test
much more
effectively. From
this we concluded
that we could
manipulate the
release profile by
changing the way
we applied the
heating and cooling
cycles. See Figure
29 Protein Release in
Response to Non-
Uniform Heating/Cooling Cycle, for release results.

Conclusions from Release Rate Testing
Heating the hydrogel indeed resulted in increased BSA release when compared to
room temperature control
Two types of diffusion are present. Release of BSA from the PNIPAM-AAm
caused by phase change at LCST and also release of BSA from device which is also
a function of the protein concentration within the device. This results in initial
burst release and a delay between the cessation of heating and the significant
diminishment of release.
Temperature cycling will impact medication release profile
Release rate diminishes as total concentration of protein within the device
decreases. Thus shorter heating cycles at the beginning of medication release and
longer heating cycles when the concentration had been diminished can result in
more uniform release doses.

Figure 29 - Protein Release in Response to Non-Uniform Heating/Cooling Cycle
27

Project Conclusions and
Recommendations for Future Projects
Project Conclusions

Material design consideration led to thermally responsive hydrogel capable of medicine
impregnation, stainless steel tray that was thermally conductive and capable of being
sterilized. The epoxy was chosen for thermal conductivity and biocompatibility. PMMA
was chosen for the alignment structure for its machinability and stiffness. Thermocouples
take advantage of the voltage induced when the two materials connected experience a
temperature shift. Thermoelectric devices rely on materials that exhibit the Peltier Effect
and PDMS was chosen for the casing due to its strength, flexibility, manufactuability and
biocompatibility.
Analytical thermal modeling gave insight into the functionality of thermoelectric devices
while guiding input parameters like the area of the needed heat sink and the appropriate
applied current.
Finite Element Analysis showed that heat bleeding between modules was negligible and
predicted that even when in contact with skin, the thermoelectric devices would be
capable of keeping the hydrogel cooled to below the LCST.
Prototype fabrication demonstrated that modules could be controlled individually
Release rate testing showed that our device could heat the hydrogel enough to induce
medication release. It also demonstrated two types of diffusion. Release of BSA from the
PNIPAM-AAm caused by phase change at LCST and also release of BSA from device
caused by internal concentration gradient. This results in initial burst release, which can
be counteracted by applying shorter initial heating cycles and longer subsequent heating
cycles.
Analysis, modeling, fabrication and testing has demonstrated proof of concept.

Recommendations for Future Projects

Further release rate characterization to ensure consistent repeatability and improved
control
Thermal Management
o Liquid Cooling/ Phase Change Heat Sinks to replace current temporary design
Removal of Exudates
o Piezoelectric Micropumps, Microchannels, etc to remove bodily fluids released
from wound
Device Portability
o Battery powered/ FPGA, wires incorporated into PDMS casing
Custom User Interface for bandage programming
Additional Drugs Designed for Topical Application
Exploration of non-topical device applications, possibility of implanting within body
28










Appendix A:
Fabrication Processes
o Hydrogel
o Aluminum Tray
o PMMA Insert
o PDMS Housing
o Test Bed





F.1 - Hydrogel
Drug Loading
1. Dissolve 200 mg of PNIPAM-AAm in M mL of di-ionized water (4% weight
by volume) Note: the shiny pieces will not fully disolve, so remove these
pieces. See Figure 30 and Figure 31.
2. Add 50 mg of Bovine Serum Albumin to the solution (1% weight by volume)
See Figure 32.
3. Stir for 3 days using a magnetic stirring plate
4. Dialize the loaded nanoparticles in 10,000 MWCO (Molecular Weight Cut Off)
tubing in 50 mL of di-ionized water. See Figure 37.
5. Carry out dialisis at 4C for 3 hours
6. Collect 3 mL of the dialized water and measure to confirm expected
PNIPAM-AAm concentration
Composite Hydrogel Fabrication
1. Put 800 L of the drug loaded nanoparticles in a separate dish
2. Add .15g of PEG-DA and mix using the magnetic stirring plate until fully
dissolved. See Figure 33.
3. In a separate dish, combine 100 L ethanol with 100 L di-ionized water
4. Add .015g of Irgacure to the ethanol/water solution. See Figure 39.
Note: Irgacure is the photoinitiator so must be protected from light
exposure. Mix water, ethanol and irgacure in a tube that has been
wrapped in aluminum foil. Mix using a Speed Control Mixer.

5. Combine Irgacure and drug loaded solutions. Mix using magnetic stirring plate.
6. Pipette about 68 L of the solution into the metal device tray.
7. Expose to UV light for about 3 minutes

Note: As heating will make the PNIPAM-AAm release the drugs, be sure to
place the device on an ice pack while exposing it to UV light.












Figure 30 - PNIPA-AAM
Figure 31 - Shiny non-
dissolvable PNIPA-AAM film
Figure 347 - 10,000 MWCO Tubing
Figure 39 - Irgacure Photo-
initiator
Figure 33 - PEG-DA
Figure 32 - Bovine Serum
Albumin

Step-in
Top Hat
F.2 - Tray
Tray Overview

The portion of the design referred to as the tray is responsible for
the containment of the hydro-gel and acts as the interface between the
hydro-gel and the heat source. The tray will be made from surgical grade
stainless steel and will be machined from a solid piece of stock with a CNC
or manual end mill. The basic dimensions for the tray are 8.6mm x 8.6mm
x 3.5mm (length, width, height respectively). Refer to Figure 40 - Pro-E
model of finished tray.


Stock Preparation

1. Begin by selecting a piece of stock which has length and width dimensions
slightly larger than 8.6mm x 8.6mm.
2. Cut the height of your stock to approximately 152mm.
3. The next step is to machine the length and width dimensions to the correct
size. Select a end mill and make passes at 1200 rpm with a linear feed
rate of 0.100 in/sec and a depth of no greater than 0.020in. repeat this
procedure as many times as is necessary to achieve length and width
dimensions of 8.6mm x 8.6mm.
4. Finally use a ban saw and cut the stock into slugs with a height of 6mm.
The final slug should measure 8.6mm x 8.6mm x 6mm.


Outside Surface

1. The first step is to square off the top and bottom of the slug.
2. Orient the slug in the vise so that the 8.6mm length and width
dimensions are in the x and y-axis. Use a end mill at 1200
rpm for the following procedures.
3. Since the top hat section of the tray is not
square the machining process can be broken
into two sections. Each section will consist
of one set of parallel sides.
4. Begin with the first set of parallel sides and
make passes so that the height of the Top
Hat section is 3.0mm and the Step-in
measures 0.9mm. Refer to Figure 41.
5. Next move to the other set of parallel sides and again
machine the height of the Top Hat section to 3.0mm, this
time the Step-in should measure 1.3mm.
Figure 35 - ProEngineer Model of
Finished Tray
Figure 36 - Dimension of First Parallel Sides



Inside Surface

1. At this point the outer surface should be machined to size with the
exception of the bottom surface.
2. Remove the tray from the vise and flip it over so that the top hat
portion of the tray is on the bottom, reinsert the tray into the vice so
that the sides measuring 6.8mm are in the x-axis.
3. The next step is to machine the bottom surface (now the top surface)
to its final thickness of 0.5mm.
4. Use a end mill at 1200 rpm with a linear feed rate of 0.100
in/sec. Make passes with a depth of 0.020in until the thickness of
the tray lip is about 0.040in. Reduce the depth of cut to 0.010in
and make passes until the bottom surface of the tray has been machined to
a thickness of 0.5mm (0.020in).
5. The next step is to hollow the inside of the tray. The inside dimensions of
the tray will measure 5.8mm (x-axis) x 5mm (y-axis). Start with an 11/64
end mill at 1500 rpm and begin removing material in 0.020in increments.
Continue to remove material until the depth of cut is 0.118in (3mm).
6. Replace the 11/64 end mill with a 3/64. Use this end mill to remove the
material that the 11/64 end mill could not remove.
7. Run the 3/64 end mill at 1700 rpm with a linear feed rate of 0.100 in/sec
and make passes with a depth of cut of 0.010in. Repeat this process until a
depth of 0.118in (3mm) is reached. Refer to Figure 42.












Figure 37 - ProEngineer Model of Finished
Tray Bottom View
Figure 38 - Image of Inverted Tray Loaded with Hydrogel

F.3 - PMMA
Step 1 First, use a band saw to cut a long column of PMMA into a
roughly 10mmx10mmx7mm rectangular prism.




Step 2 Use a inch diameter end mill to machine
the rectangular prism down to the final desired external dimensions of
8.6mmx8.6mmx5.5mm. The machining is done at
1300 RPM with a feed rate of 10mm/min for this and
all other end mill operations.


Step 3 Use a 13/64 inch diameter end mill to drill a hole 3.34mm deep
into the center of one of the 8.6mmx8.6mm faces of the block.


Step 4 Use a 3/64 inch diameter end mill to enlarge the hole into
a 6.8mmx6mm rectangular cavity with rounded corners of 3.34mm
depth. Perform the operation first at a 1.67mm depth and then
again at the 3.34mm depth. The reason for doing it this way is to
prevent the small end mill from being damaged during the
machining process.


Step 5 Use a 13/64 inch diameter end mill to cut a hole 2.16mm into
the center of the face opposite that which was previously being worked
on. The mill should then be used to machine through a wall parallel to
a 6mm side of the previously milled cavity, staying at a 2.16mm depth.



Step 6 Use a 13/64 inch diameter end mill to enlarge this hole to a
rectangular cavity with rounded corners which is 8mmx6.6mm at a
depth of 2.16mm. The 8mm dimension is measured from the part
of the wall which has been removed. Like Step 4, this should be
done once at a1.08mm depth and then again at the desired 2.16mm
depth.
Figure 39: Image after Step 1
Figure 40: Image after Step 2
Figure 41: Image after Step 3
Figure 42: Image after Step 4
Figure 43: Image after Step 5
Figure 44: Image after Step 6

F.4 - Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
1. Measure out the appropriate volume necessary to generate the PDMS
blanket.
2. Mix the PDMS base agent and the curing agent in a 10:1 weight ratio.
See Figure 50.
3. Thoroughly stir the solution for about 10 minutes until a thick, uniform
texture is reached.
4. Coat the mold in PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) spray to lubricate for
easy removal of PDMS after it has been cured.
5. Pour the mixed PDMS solution over the mold making sure that there is
enough material within each well of the mold. See Figure 51.
6. Place the PDMS mold into a vacuum chamber for about 20 minutes until
all of the gas bubbles have been raised to the surface of the solution. See
Figure 52.
7. After degassing the solution, place the mold into an oven at
approximately 80C for 2 hours to allow the PDMS to cure. See Figure 53.
8. Remove from oven and let stand until room temperature has been
reached.
9. Take care to remove the PDMS from the mold; the PDMS material is
flexible but prone to tearing. See Figure 54.




Figure 45 - Weigh Mixture
Components
Figure 54 Completed PDMS
Casing
Figure 46 Aluminum Mold
Figure 52 Degas Solution in
Vacuum Chamber
Figure 47 Place Mold into Oven

F.5 Test Bed
Test Bed Overview

The test bed is a key component because it is where we conduct all of our release tests.
The design criteria for this piece of equipment were as follows: Allow us to test a system of three
devices arranged side by side, allow for maximum visibility of the collection reservoir during the
testing procedure and consist of three collection reservoirs of equal volume.

Fabrication
1. We began with a block of Plexiglas and
cut it to approximately 2.5 by 1.25 by
0.75.
2. Next we brought it to an end mill and
machined out cavities to serve as
collection reservoirs. Cavities measured
approximately 0.8mm by 0.8mm by 10mm
deep.
3. Finally for test bed 2 we glued a magnetic
strip to the top surface.
4. For test bed 3 we glued the PDMS blanket
directly to the top surface.
5. Final assembly of test bed 3 is shown in
Figure 48 Test Bed 3 Final Assembly.













Figure 48 Test Bed 3 Final Assembly




Appendix B:
Bibliography






































Bibliography
American Burn Association. Burn INcidence Fact Sheet. 2005 1-1. 2010 28-11
<http://www.ameriburn.org/resources_factsheet.php>.

Mayo Clinic. Burns: First Aid. 2010 5-11. 2010
28-11 <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-burns/FA00022>.

Sabnis, Wadajkar, Aswath & Nguyen Factorial Analyses of Photopolymerizable
Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for Protein Delivery

Sally Abston MD, Patricia Blakeney PhD, Manubhai Desai MD, Patricia Edgar RN, CIC,John P
Heggers PhD, David N Herndon MD, Marsha Hildreth RD, Ray J Nichols Jr. MD. Resident
Orientation Manual. 2010 1-6. 2010 28-11 <http://totalburncare.com/orientation_intro.htm>.

United States Department of Labor. Burn Accidents. 1994 6-5. 2010
<www.bls.gov/spotlight/2010/>.

Web M.D. Skin Grafts, Split Thickness. 2010 11-5. 2010 2-12
<http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/876290-overview>.














Appendix C:
Dimensioned Drawings





















































Appendix D:
Material Data Sheets


































Arctic Silver Incorporated MSDS # AS5_3

Page 1 of 2
SECTION 1: CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY INFORMATION
Company Address:
9826 W. Legacy Ave.
Visalia, CA 93291
Product Information: 559-740-0912
Medical Emergency Toll Free: 877-740-5015 Prepared by: Nevin House
Medical Emergency Alternate: 303-739-1110 Revision Date: January 25, 2011
Product Identification
Arctic Silver 5 High-Density Polysynthetic Silver Thermal Compound
Product Code: AS5
SECTION 2: COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Product Ingredient Information CAS No.
Silver (Metallic) 7440-22-4
Boron Nitride 10043-11-5
Zinc Oxide 1314-13-2
Aluminum Oxide 1344-28-1
Ester Oil Blend Non-hazardous
SECTION 3: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Emergency Overview: Grey grease. This product is nonflammable. Liquid will irritate eyes.
Potential Health Effects:
Eyes: This product is an eye and mucus membrane irritant.
Skin: Not expected to be a skin irritant. Repeated and prolonged skin contact could cause minor skin irritation.
Ingestion: Silver ingestion may result in generalized argyria.
Inhalation: No specific information available.
Pre-Existing Medical Conditions Aggravated by Exposure: eye
SECTION 4: FIRST AID MEASURES
Eyes: Immediately flush with large amounts of water. After initial flushing, remove any contact lenses and continue flushing for at least 15 minutes. Have eyes
examined by a Physician.
Skin: Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin with soap and water. Get medical attention if irritation develops/persists. Wash clothes separately before reuse.
Ingestion: If appreciable quantities are swallowed, seek medical advice.
Inhalation: Not likely route of exposure. If inhaled and irritation occurs, remove to fresh air. If irritation persists, call a Physician.
SECTION 5: FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
Flash Point: > 600F (Setaflash) LEL/UEL: NA (% by volume in air)
Extinguishing Media: Use carbon dioxide or dry chemicals for small fires, aqueous foam or water for large fires involving this material.
Fire Fighting Instructions: Remove all ignition sources. Closed containers may rupture due to build-up of pressure when exposed to extreme heat. Fight fire from a
safe distance. As in any fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus (pressure demand, OSHA/NIOSH approved or equivalent) and full protective gear.
SECTION 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Large Spills: Remove all sources of ignition (sparks, open flames, etc.). Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and appropriate personal protective equipment.
Ventilate area and contain spill with sand or other absorbent material. Collect spill by scooping up liquids and absorbent material and place in a sealed metal container
for proper disposal. Do not flush to sewer. Prevent material from entering storm sewers, ditches that lead to waterways and ground.
Small Spills: Absorb spill with absorbent material, then place in a sealed metal container for proper disposal.
SECTION 7: HANDLING AND STORAGE
Overheating may cause container to rupture. Use explosion proof electrical equipment. Containers must be kept closed and ventilation provided to prevent vapor
concentration build-up. Store in a cool dry place. Do not breathe vapor or get liquid in eyes, or on skin and clothing. Keep away from heat or sources of ignition.
Check all containers for leaks. Wear protective clothing as in section above. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapors or contact with skin. Ensure that all equipment is
grounded to prevent static discharge. Containers of this material may be hazardous when emptied due to solid or vapor residue. All hazard precautions given in this
data sheet must be observed for empty containers.
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.
SECTION 8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
Exposure Guidelines:
CHEMICAL NAME ACGIH TLV OSHA PEL ACGIH STEL
Silver 0.1 mg/m3 0.01mg/m3 NA
Boron Nitride 10 mg/m3 10 mg/m3 NA
Zinc Oxide 10 mg/m3 (dust) 15 mg/m3 (dust) 10 mg/m3
Aluminum Oxide 10 mg/m3 (dust) 10 mg/m3 (dust) NA
Polyol Ester NA NA NA

NFPA and HMIS Codes: NFPA HMIS
Health 1 1
Flammability 1 1
Reactivity 0 0
Personal Protection - B
SECTION 9: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Physical State: Grey Grease Solubility in Water: <1.0%
Odor: None Specific Gravity: 4.05-4.15
pH: NA Evaporation Rate: Slower
Vapor Pressure: NA (Butyl acetate=1)
(Air 1) Boiling Range: NA
Vapor Density: NA (Water =1)
p. 1
1
1
0
He a lt h
Fir e
Re a c t ivit y
P e r s o n a l
P r o t e c t io n
1
0
0
B
Material Safety Data Sheet
Aluminum MSDS
Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification
Product Name: Aluminum
Catalog Codes: SLA4735, SLA2389, SLA3895, SLA1549,
SLA3055, SLA4558, SLA2212, SLA3715
CAS#: 7429-90-5
RTECS: BD0330000
TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Aluminum
CI#: Not applicable.
Synonym: Aluminum metal pellets; Aluminum metal
sheet; Aluminum metal shot; Aluminum metal wire
Chemical Name: Aluminum
Chemical Formula: Al
Contact Information:
Sciencelab.com, Inc.
14025 Smith Rd.
Houston, Texas 77396
US Sales: 1-800-901-7247
International Sales: 1-281-441-4400
Order Online: ScienceLab.com
CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call:
1-800-424-9300
International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887
For non-emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400
Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients
Composition:
Name CAS # % by Weight
Aluminum 7429-90-5 100
Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Aluminum LD50: Not available. LC50: Not available.
Section 3: Hazards Identification
Potential Acute Health Effects:
Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant). Non-irritating to the eyes. Non-hazardous in case of ingestion.
Potential Chronic Health Effects:
CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not
available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance is toxic to lungs. Repeated or prolonged exposure
to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated exposure to a highly toxic material may produce general
deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or many human organs.
Section 4: First Aid Measures
Eye Contact:
p. 2
Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15
minutes. Get medical attention if irritation occurs.
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Get medical attention if irritation develops.
Serious Skin Contact: Not available.
Inhalation:
If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical
attention immediately.
Serious Inhalation: Not available.
Ingestion:
Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious
person. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar,
tie, belt or waistband.
Serious Ingestion: Not available.
Section 5: Fire and Explosion Data
Flammability of the Product: Non-flammable.
Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not available.
Flash Points: Not available.
Flammable Limits: Not available.
Products of Combustion: Some metallic oxides.
Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Not available.
Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:
Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product in
presence of static discharge: Not available.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions:
SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use water spray, fog or foam. Do not use water jet.
Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Not available.
Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Not available.
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
Small Spill:
Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on
the contaminated surface and dispose of according to local and regional authority requirements.
Large Spill:
Use a shovel to put the material into a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the
contaminated surface and allow to evacuate through the sanitary system.
Section 7: Handling and Storage
Precautions:
Do not ingest. Wear suitable protective clothing. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the
label. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis.
Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Moisture sensitive.
p. 3
Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Engineering Controls:
Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended
exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne contaminants
below the exposure limit.
Personal Protection: Safety glasses. Lab coat. Gloves.
Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill: Safety glasses. Lab coat. Gloves.
Exposure Limits:
TWA: 5 (mg(Al)/m) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] Inhalation (pyro powders, welding fumes) TWA: 10 (mg(Al)/m) from
ACGIH (TLV) [United States] Inhalation (metal dust) Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical state and appearance: Solid.
Odor: Odorless.
Taste: Not available.
Molecular Weight: 26.98 g/mole
Color: Silver-white
pH (1% soln/water): Not applicable.
Boiling Point: 2327C (4220.6F)
Melting Point: 660C (1220F)
Critical Temperature: Not available.
Specific Gravity: Density: 2.7 (Water = 1)
Vapor Pressure: Not applicable.
Vapor Density: Not available.
Volatility: Not available.
Odor Threshold: Not available.
Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: Not available.
Ionicity (in Water): Not available.
Dispersion Properties: Not available.
Solubility:
Insoluble in cold water, hot water. Soluble in alkalies, Sulfuric acid, Hydrochloric acid. Insoluble in concentrated Nitric Acid, hot
Acetic acid.
Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Data
Stability: The product is stable.
Instability Temperature: Not available.
Conditions of Instability: Incompatible materials, exposure to moist air or water.
Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis.
Corrosivity: Not available.
p. 4
Special Remarks on Reactivity:
Moisture sensitive. Aluminum reacts vigorously with Sodium Hydroxide. Aluminum is also incompatible with strong oxdizers,
acids, chromic anhydride, iodine, carbon disulfide, methyl chloride, and halogenated hydrocarbons, acid chlorides, ammonium
nitrate, ammonium persulfate, antimony, arsenic oxides, barium bromate, barium chlorate, barium iodate, metal salts
Special Remarks on Corrosivity:
In moist air, oxide film forms which protects metal from corrosion. Aluminum is strongly electropositive so that it corrodes
rapidly in contact with other metals.
Polymerization: Will not occur.
Section 11: Toxicological Information
Routes of Entry: Not available.
Toxicity to Animals: Not available
Chronic Effects on Humans: Not available.
Other Toxic Effects on Humans:
Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant). Non-hazardous in case of ingestion. Non-hazardous in case of inhalation.
Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Not available.
Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: Not available.
Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:
Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: Exposure to aluminum may cause skin irritation. Eyes: Not expected to be a hazard
unless aluminum dust particles are present. Exposure to aluminum dust may cause eye irritation by mechanical action.
Aluminum particles deposited in the eye are generally innocous. Inhalation: Not expected to be an inhalation hazard unless
it is heatedor if aluminum dust is present It heated or in dust form, it may cause respiratory tract irritation. Heating Aluminum
can release Aluminum Oxide fumes and cause fume metal fever when inhaled. This is a flu-like illness with symptoms
of metallic taste, fever, chills, aches, chest tightness, and cough. Ingestion: Acute aluminum toxicity is unlikely. Chronic
Potential Health Effects: Skin: Contact dermatitis occurs rarely after aluminum exposure. Most cases of aluminum toxicity
in humans are in one of two categories: patients with chronic renal failure, or people exposed to aluminum fumes or dust in
the workplace. The main source of aluminum in people with chronic renal failure was in the high aluminum content of the
water for the dialysate used for dialysis in the 1970's. Even though this problem was recognized and corrected, aluminum
toxicity continues to occur in some individuals with renal who chronically ingest aluminum-containing phosphate binders
or antacids. Inhalation: Chronic exposure to aluminum dust may cause dyspnea, cough, asthma, chronic obstructive lung
disease, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumothorax, pneumoconiosis, encephalopathy, weakness, incoordination and epileptiform
seizures and other neurological symptoms similar to that described for chronic ingestion. Hepatic necrosis is also a reported
effect of exposure to airborne particulates carrying aluminum. Ingestion: Chronic ingestion of aluminum may cause Aluminum
Related Bone Disease or aluminum-induced Osteomalacia with fracturing Osteodystrophy, microcytic anemia, weakness,
fatigue, visual and auditory hallucinations, memory loss, speech and language impairment (dysarthria, stuttering, stammering,
anomia, hypofluency, aphasia and eventually, mutism), epileptic seizures(focal or grand mal), motor disturbance(tremors,
myoclonic jerks, ataxia, convulsions, asterixis, motor apraxia, muscle fatigue), and dementia (personality changes, altered
mood, depression, diminished alertness, lethargy, 'clouding of the sensorium', intellectual deterioration, obtundation, coma),
and altered EEG.
Section 12: Ecological Information
Ecotoxicity: Not available.
BOD5 and COD: Not available.
Products of Biodegradation:
Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise.
Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are less toxic than the product itself.
Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.
p. 5
Section 13: Disposal Considerations
Waste Disposal:
Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations.
Section 14: Transport Information
DOT Classification: Not a DOT controlled material (United States).
Identification: Not applicable.
Special Provisions for Transport: Not applicable.
Section 15: Other Regulatory Information
Federal and State Regulations:
California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found to cause birth
defects which would require a warning under the statute: No products were found. California prop. 65: This product contains
the following ingredients for which the State of California has found to cause cancer which would require a warning under
the statute: No products were found. Connecticut hazardous material survey.: Aluminum Illinois toxic substances disclosure
to employee act: Aluminum Rhode Island RTK hazardous substances: Aluminum Pennsylvania RTK: Aluminum Minnesota:
Aluminum Massachusetts RTK: Aluminum New Jersey: Aluminum New Jersey spill list: Aluminum California Director's List
of Hazardous Substances: Aluminum TSCA 8(b) inventory: Aluminum SARA 313 toxic chemical notification and release
reporting: Aluminum
Other Regulations:
OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). EINECS: This product is on the
European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.
Other Classifications:
WHMIS (Canada): Not controlled under WHMIS (Canada).
DSCL (EEC):
HMIS (U.S.A.):
Health Hazard: 1
Fire Hazard: 0
Reactivity: 0
Personal Protection: B
National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.):
Health: 1
Flammability: 1
Reactivity: 0
Specific hazard:
Protective Equipment:
Gloves. Lab coat. Not applicable. Safety glasses.
Section 16: Other Information
References:
p. 6
-Hawley, G.G.. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11e ed., New York N.Y., Van Nostrand Reinold, 1987. -Material safety
data sheet emitted by: la Commission de la Sant et de la Scurit du Travail du Qubec. -SAX, N.I. Dangerous Properties
of Indutrial Materials. Toronto, Van Nostrand Reinold, 6e ed. 1984. -The Sigma-Aldrich Library of Chemical Safety Data,
Edition II. -Guide de la loi et du rglement sur le transport des marchandises dangeureuses au canada. Centre de conformit
internatinal Lte. 1986. 037 Waste manifest or notification not required.
Other Special Considerations: Not available.
Created: 10/09/2005 03:39 PM
Last Updated: 11/06/2008 12:00 PM
The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, we
make no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assume
no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information for
their particular purposes. In no event shall ScienceLab.com be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or for
lost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if ScienceLab.com
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9025 Technology Dr. Fishers, IN 46038-2886
800-387-0672 317-570-7020 Fax 317-570-7034
email:info@bangslabs.com www.bangslabs.com
B E A D S B E A D S B E A D S B E A D S B E A D S A B O V E T H E R E S T
Material Safety Data Sheet
SECTION I - Chemical Product and Company Identification
Date Prepared March 11, 2002
Identity PolymethylMethacrylate (PMMA)
Company Information Bangs Laboratories, Inc. phone:317-570-7020
9025 Technology Drive fax:317-570-7034
Fishers, Indiana 46038
SECTION II - Composition, Information on Ingredients
PolymethylMethacrylate suspended in water or as a dry powder.
SECTION III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Boiling Point 100C / 212F Glass Transition Temp 105C
Density 1.19g/cc Solubility in Water Emulsion
Appearance and Odor Brown liquid emulsion.
SECTION IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Extinguishing Media
Water Fog
Special Firefighting Procedures
N/A
Unusual fire and Explosion Hazards
The dried resin is flammable similar to wood. Burning dry resin emits dense, black smoke.
Suspended material is not flammable.
SECTION V - Reactivity Data
Incompatibilities
May irreversably aggregate if frozen at 0C / 32F. Dried resin is combustible. Addition of
chemicals may cause coagulation.
Hazardous Combustion or Decomposition Products
Hazardous decomposition products: methyl methacrylate and carbon monoxide depending on
condition of heating and burning.
SECTION VI - Health Hazard Data
Hazards Identification
Eyes: Mild irritation
Skin Contact: Short exposure; no irritation. Repeated prolonged exposure, especially if confined;
mild irritation, possibly a mild superficial burn.
Skin Absorption: Not likely to be absorbed in toxic amounts. Possibly weak sensitizer.
Ingestion: Low single dose toxicity.
Inhalation: No guide established. Considered to be low in hazard from inhalation.
Systemic and Other Effects: None known.
First Aid Measures
Eyes: Flushing the eye immediately with water for 15 minutes is a good safety practice.
Physician should stain for evidence of corneal injury.
Skin: Contact may cause slight irritation. Wash off in flowing water or shower. Wash clothing
before reuse. Treat as any contact dermatitis. If burn is present, treat as any thermal burn.
Ingestion: Low in toxicity. Induce vomiting if large amounts are ingested.
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air if effects occur. Consult medical personnel.
Systemic: Human effects not established. No specific antidote. Treatment based on sound
judgement of physician and the individual reactions of the patient.
SECTION VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
Handling and Storage
Ventiliation: Good room ventilation usually adequate for most operations.
Respiratory protection: None normally needed. In cases where there is a likelihood of inhalation
exposure to dried particles, wear a NIOSH approved dust respirator.
Storage: Store at temperatures between 4C and 8C. Material may develop bacteria odor on long
term storage. No safety problems known. Do not freeze.
Accidental Release Measures
Action to take for spills: Flush area with water immediately. Avoid unnecessary exposure and
contact.
SECTION VII - Continued
Disposal Considerations
Will color streams and rivers to a milky white. Has practically no biological oxygen demand but will
settle out and form sludge or film. May plug up sanitary sewers. Divert to pond or burn solid waste
iin an adequate incinerator. Flush sewers with large amounts of water.
SECTION VIII - Control Measures
Respiratory Protection
None normally needed. In cases where there is a likelihood of inhalation exposure to dried
particles, wear a NIOSH approved dust respirator.
Wash/Hygenic Practices
Wash with soap and water when leaving work area and before eating, smoking and using restroom
facilities.
The information herein is given in good faith, but no warranty, expressed or implied, is made.
Refer questions or comments to Bangs Laboratories, Inc. (317) 570-7020.
Material Safety Data Sheet
PEGDA

Section 1 Chemical Product and Company Identification

MSDS Name: PEGDA
Catalog Numbers: N/A
Synonyms: PEGDA
Company Identification:
Glycosan BioSystems
PO Box 2321
Park City, UT 84060

For information, call: 801-518-6971

Section 2 Composition, Information on Ingredients

CAS# Chemical Name Percent EINECS/ELINCS
26570-48-9 Poly(ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate,
PEGDA
Varies unlisted

Hazard Symbols: None listed.
Risk Phrases: None listed.

Section 3 Hazards Identification

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

Appearance: White to Yellow Powder. The toxicological properties of this material have
not been fully investigated. Caution! Avoid contact and inhalation.
Target Organs: Risk of serious damage to eyes. Known irritant

For additional information on toxicity, please refer to Section 11.

Section 4 First Aid Measures

Eyes: Check for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush thoroughly with water while
opening eyelids for at least 15 minutes. If symptoms such as redness and irritation persist,
obtain medical attention.
Skin: Wash material from skin with soap and water and rinse thoroughly with clean water.
Obtain medical attention as needed or if irritation develops. Clean contaminated clothing
before reuse.
Ingestion: May be harmful if swallowed. Only rinse month with water if person is
conscious. Obtain Medical attention as needed.
Inhalation: Remove person from source to fresh air; if not breathing give artificial
respiration. If breathing is difficult, give Oxygen.
Notes to Physician: Treat symptomatically and supportively.
Material Safety Data Sheet
PEGDA
Section 5 Fire Fighting Measures

General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in
pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear.
Extinguishing Media: Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. Suitable: Water
spray. Carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder, or appropriate foam.
Flash Point: N/A
Autoignition Temperature: N/A
Flammability: Non-flammable
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: As with any organic material, this product may
produce toxic carbon monoxide and dioxide fumes if heated to decomposition and airborne
dust may present an explosion hazard.

Section 6 Accidental Release Measures

General Information: Exercise appropriate precautions to minimize direct contact with
skin or eyes and prevent inhalation of dust. Such as: respirator, chemical safety goggles,
rubber boots, and heavy rubber gloves.
Spills/Leaks: Wear protective clothing and gloves. Absorb on sand or vermiculite and
place in closed container for disposal. Ventilate and wash spill area after material pick-up
is complete. Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

Section 7 Handling and Storage

Handling: User Exposure: Avoid inhalation. Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure.
Storage: Keep tightly closed in opaque container. Store away from heat, light, and
moisture.

Section 8 Exposure Controls, Personal Protection

Engineering Controls: Safety shower and eye bath. Mechanical exhaust required.
Exposure Limits: None listed.
OSHA Vacated PELs: None listed for this chemical.

Personal Protective Equipment
Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles.
Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respiratory: Required
General Hygiene Measures: Wash thoroughly after handling.
Ventilation: Required



Material Safety Data Sheet
PEGDA
Section 9 Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical State: Lyophilized Powder
Appearance: White to Yellow
Odor: Enzyme Odor
pH: N/A
Vapor pressure: N/A
Vapor density: N/A
Evaporation Rate: N/A
Viscosity: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Freezing/Melting Point: N/A
Decomposition Temperature: N/A
Solubility: Immiscible in water
Specific Gravity/Density: N/A
Molecular Formula: N/A
Molecular Weight: N/A

N/A = not available

Section 10 Stability and Reactivity

Chemical Stability: Stable
Conditions to Avoid: Direct sun light, strong acids, strong bases, elevated temperatures.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials: Amines, Strong oxidizing agents, chemically
active metals, free radical initiators.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide
Hazardous Polymerization: May occur.

Section 11 Toxicological Information

Routes of Exposure
Eye: May cause server eye irritation.
Skin: May cause skin irritation.
Ingestion: May be harmful if swallowed.
Inhalation: May be harmful if inhaled. Material may be irritating to mucous membranes
and upper respiratory tract.

Signs and Symptoms of Exposure
The chemical, physical, and toxicological properties have not been fully investigated.

Toxicity Data
No data available

Material Safety Data Sheet
PEGDA

Section 12 Ecological Information

No information available
Section 13 Disposal Considerations

1. Dispose of waste in accordance with all applicable Federal, State and local
regulations.
2. Chemical residues are generally classified as special waste and, as such, the
transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of this waste material must be
conducted in compliance with all applicable Federal, State and local regulations.
3. Rinse empty containers thoroughly before disposal and/or recycling.

Section 14 Transport Information

Non-hazardous for transport.

Section 15 Regulatory Information

General Information
For research and development use only. Not for drug, household, or other uses.
European/International Regulations
Safety Phrases: S: 22 24/25
Do not breathe dust. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
US Label Text
US Statement: Caution: Avoid contact and inhalation.
United States Regulatory Information
1. Material(s) listed are exempt from the United States Environmental Protection
Agency Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory when supplied for
research and development purposes or used under the Supervision of a technically
qualified individual as defined by 40 CFR720.3.
2. The healths risks have not been fully determined.
Canada Regulatory Information
N/A

Section 16 Additional Information

MSDS Creation Date: 1/1/10

The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to
us. However, we make no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with
respect to such information, and we assume no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own
investigations to determine the suitability of the information for their particular purposes. In no event shall
Glycosan BioSystems Inc. be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or for lost profits or
any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if Glycosan
BioSystems Inc has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
EC - Safety Data Sheet acc. to Guideline 93J112JC
91J155JEEC, 93J112JEC, 2001J5SJEC and TRGS 220

Trade names : Stainless steels 1.+310 f A!S! 301 - 1.+310.+ f ~A!S! 301 -
1.+301 f A!S! 30+ - 1.+03+ f ~A!S! +20 - 1.+571 f ~A!S! 316Ti - 1.++35 f
~A!S! 316L - 1.++0+ f ~ A!S! 316L - 1.++01 f ~A!S! 316L - 1.+303 - 1.+++1
Supplier : Lamineries Matthey SA
Edition 1 issued : 07.05.2007 Page 1 of 1

MSDS_StSteels_E .doc

1. Identification of preparation and company

Preparation: Corrosion resistant or heat-resistant stainless steel (depending on the trade name
concerned) supplied as solid, compact and non-inhalable metal in the form of slabs or hot or cold
rolled strips.

Application: As a steel material with special corrosion and heat resistance. Supplied in semi-finished
form for further processing for products in (e. g.) the consumer-goods sector, vehicle technology,
architecture and chemical processing equipment.

ManufacturerJSupplier:
Lamineries Natthey SA
Route de Neuchatel 6, CH-2520 La Neuveville
Tel.: + +1 (0)32 752 32 32 e-mail: salesexport@matthey.ch
Fax: + +1 (0)32 752 32 00 Website: www.matthey.ch

Contact for technical information and Emergency :
Tel.: + +1 (0)32 752 32 32
Fax: + +1 (0)32 752 32 00


2. CompositionJIngredients

!ron-based alloy with min. 6.5 by mass of chromium and other alloying elements where applicable,
such as nickel, molybdenum, manganese, copper, silicon, aluminum, carbon, nitrogen. For further
information on composition, please refer to the Naterial Data Sheet of each branded product. Alloys
are regarded as preparations within the terms of European Directives 67f5+8fEEC and 1999f+5fEC.
Depending on the branded product concerned the material may contain 1 by mass or more of
alloying element nickel which is then regarded as a relevant ingredient under the terms of European
Directive 67f5+8fEEC:

Ingredient
% by
mass
EINECS-J EC-
No.
CAS-
No.
Classification
Hazard
symbol
Nickel < 38 231-111-+
7++0-
02-0
Carc. Cat. 3, R+0, R+3
*
Xn

* Text of Risk phrases in Section 16.
EC - Safety Data Sheet acc. to Guideline 93J112JC
91J155JEEC, 93J112JEC, 2001J5SJEC and TRGS 220

Trade names : Stainless steels 1.+310 f A!S! 301 - 1.+310.+ f ~A!S! 301 -
1.+301 f A!S! 30+ - 1.+03+ f ~A!S! +20 - 1.+571 f ~A!S! 316Ti - 1.++35 f
~A!S! 316L - 1.++0+ f ~ A!S! 316L - 1.++01 f ~A!S! 316L - 1.+303 - 1.+++1
Supplier : Lamineries Matthey SA
Edition 1 issued : 07.05.2007 Page 2 of 2

MSDS_StSteels_E .doc

3. Hazard identification

Classification: Nany of the stainless steels as in Sect. 1 contain nickel as an alloying element.
Directive 67f5+8fEEC classifies nickel as follows:

- Causes concern owing to possible carcinogenic effects but in respect of which the available
information is not adequate for making satisfactory assessment (R+0 or category 3 carcinogens).

- Nay cause sensitization by skin contact (R+3).

According to Directive 1999f+5fEC stainless steels containing min. 1 by mass of nickel are to be
assigned this classification, with the proportion of nickel in the alloy as the sole determining factor.
Epidemiological studies and tests on animals carried out to date for the relevant methods of
absorption (inhaling or swallowing) have not revealed any carcinogenic effect for stainless steels as in
Sect. 1. Long-term skin contact to these materials likewise does not result in sensitization of the skin
(cf. Sect. 11).

Additional hazard warnings involving man and environment: !n the form in which they are
placed into circulation the stainless steels as in Sect. 1 have to date not been found to have any
harmful effect on human health or the environment. Thermal and mechanical processing can produce
fumes and dust which can, in the event of excessive exposure, lead to acute irritation of the eyes and
respiratory organs and to long-term harm, especially to the lungs (cf. Sect. 8, 11).


4. First-aid measures

The stainless steels as in Sect. 1 do not display any harmful effects of a dangerous substance that
might require first-aid measures. The following advice refers to the effect of fumes and dust during
processing.

!nhalation: Ensure sufficient supply of fresh air and consult a physician if required.

Skin contact: Wash skin with soap and water.

Eye contact: Rinse eye thoroughly with plenty of water and consult a physician if required.

!ngestion: Consult a physician immediately.
EC - Safety Data Sheet acc. to Guideline 93J112JC
91J155JEEC, 93J112JEC, 2001J5SJEC and TRGS 220

Trade names : Stainless steels 1.+310 f A!S! 301 - 1.+310.+ f ~A!S! 301 -
1.+301 f A!S! 30+ - 1.+03+ f ~A!S! +20 - 1.+571 f ~A!S! 316Ti - 1.++35 f
~A!S! 316L - 1.++0+ f ~ A!S! 316L - 1.++01 f ~A!S! 316L - 1.+303 - 1.+++1
Supplier : Lamineries Matthey SA
Edition 1 issued : 07.05.2007 Page 3 of 3

MSDS_StSteels_E .doc


5. Fire fighting measures

Stainless steels as in Sect. 1 are not flammable and thus do not require special fire prevention or
fire fighting measures.



6. Accidental release measures

No particular safety precautions required.



7. Handling und storage

General: The handling of stainless steels as in Sect. 1 does not require any of the special safety
measures normally applied to dangerous substances. The usual measures for the prevention of
physical injury are sufficient.

Storage: No particular requirements.

Special usage: Not applicable.



S. Exposure controls and personal protection

S.1 Exposure limits:

There are no occupational exposure limits for the stainless steels in Sect. 1, although some do
apply to certain elements contained in these steels, such as Fe, Ni, Cr, Nn and No andfor some
of their compounds. The relevant national limit specifications should be observed.
EC - Safety Data Sheet acc. to Guideline 93J112JC
91J155JEEC, 93J112JEC, 2001J5SJEC and TRGS 220

Trade names : Stainless steels 1.+310 f A!S! 301 - 1.+310.+ f
~A!S! 301 - 1.+301 f A!S! 30+ - 1.+03+ f ~A!S! +20 - 1.+571 f ~A!S!
316Ti - 1.++35 f ~A!S! 316L - 1.++0+ f ~ A!S! 316L - 1.++01 f ~A!S!
316L - 1.+303 - 1.+++1
Supplier : Lamineries Matthey SA
Edition 1 issued : 07.05.2007 Page + of +

MSDS_StSteels_E .doc

Limits of airborne substances in the place of work in accordance with TRGS 900

Substance CAS-No. Type
+

Value *
[mgJm
3
]
Aluminum 7+29-90-5 ASG
Aluminum oxide 13++-28-1 ASG
Chromium (v!) compounds, other than
those insoluble in water
- manual arc-welding with covered rod
electrodes
- other




TRK

TRK



0.1E

0.05 E
!ron (!!) oxide 13+5-25-1 ASG
!ron (!!!) oxide 1309-37-1 ASG
Copper 7++0-50-8 7++0-50-8 NAK
Fumes containing copper 7++0-50-8 7++0-50-8 NAK
Nanganese 7+39-96-5 7+39-96-5 NAK
Nolybdenum (and other insoluble
molybdenum compounds)
7+39-98-7 ASG
Nickel in metallic form 7++0-02-0 7++0-02-0 NAK
Nickel compounds in the form of inhalable
droplets
TRK 0,05 E
Nickel oxide 1313-99-1 1313-99-1 TRK
Niobium (and other insoluble niobium
compounds)
7++0-03-1 7++0-03-1 NAK
Titanium dioxide 13+63-67-7 ASG
+
NAK: Naximum allowable concentration TRG: Technical reference concentration
* E: !nhalable fraction A: Alveolar fraction ASG: General limit value for dust

The application of airborne-substance limits in the manufacture, processing and handling of
nickel alloys is subject in accordance with TRGS 901 to the following recommendations:

- The NAK of 0.5 mgfm
3
for nickel in metallic form is to be applied for evaluation with respect
to the following processes:

- Grinding and polishing of alloys containing S 80 nickel,
- Rolling of alloys containing S 80 nickel,
- Nelting and casting of alloys containing S 80 nickel.
EC - Safety Data Sheet acc. to Guideline 93J112JC
91J155JEEC, 93J112JEC, 2001J5SJEC and TRGS 220

Trade names : Stainless steels 1.+310 f A!S! 301 - 1.+310.+ f
~A!S! 301 - 1.+301 f A!S! 30+ - 1.+03+ f ~A!S! +20 - 1.+571 f ~A!S!
316Ti - 1.++35 f ~A!S! 316L - 1.++0+ f ~ A!S! 316L - 1.++01 f ~A!S!
316L - 1.+303 - 1.+++1
Supplier : Lamineries Matthey SA
Edition 1 issued : 07.05.2007 Page 5 of 5

MSDS_StSteels_E .doc

- A TRK of 0.5 mgfm
3
for nickel oxide (counted as Ni) is to be applied for evaluation with respect
to the following working procedures:

- Welding (electrodes or wire) and thermal cutting of alloys with Ni content a 5 , - Netal
spraying of alloys with Ni content a 5 .

- For alloys with < 5 nickel the NAK of 0.5 mgfm
3
for nickel in metallic form is to be applied.
This regulation may be waived if investigations carried out by the employer determine that even
above the content limits of 80 or 5 listed here there are no levels of nickel oxide classified
as carcinogenic during the manufacture, processing and handling of nickel alloys, or if
examination of published sources allows presentation of corresponding research results.

S.2 Limits to and monitoring of exposure in the workplace :

During thermal and mechanical processing (e. g. welding, cutting, grinding) fumes and dust can
be produced with constituents underlying certain limit values. Suitable exhausters should be
fitted for this reason.

Respiratory protection: !f observance of the limits cannot be guaranteed by means of
exhausters, personnel should be provided with face or breathing
masks.

Eye protection: Suitable goggles should be worn to protect against airborne dust,
flying sparks etc.

Hand and body protection: Nay become necessary depending on the activity being performed.

S.3 Limits to and monitoring of environmental exposure :

Avoid dust emission.


9. Physical and chemical properties

General: Solid with metallic, matt to brilliant grey surface or rarely with scaled, blue-black to
black surface. Odorless.

EC - Safety Data Sheet acc. to Guideline 93J112JC
91J155JEEC, 93J112JEC, 2001J5SJEC and TRGS 220

Trade names : Stainless steels 1.+310 f A!S! 301 - 1.+310.+ f ~A!S!
301 - 1.+301 f A!S! 30+ - 1.+03+ f ~A!S! +20 - 1.+571 f ~A!S! 316Ti -
1.++35 f ~A!S! 316L - 1.++0+ f ~ A!S! 316L - 1.++01 f ~A!S! 316L -
1.+303 - 1.+++1
Supplier : Lamineries Matthey SA
Edition 1 issued : 07.05.2007 Page 6 of 6

MSDS_StSteels_E .doc

Important advice regarding health and environmental protection and safety :

Nelting pointfNelting range: 1370-1520C
Boiling pointfBoiling range : Not known.
Flashpoint, flammability, fire-related properties : The product is not flammable.
Explosion hazard : The product is not explosive.
vapor pressure, vapor density, vaporization rate : The product has no measurable vapor
pressure.
Density at 20C: 7.7-8.1 kgfdm
3

Solubility in water, liposolubility: !nsoluble.
Distribution coefficient n-octanolfwater: Cannot be determined due to insolubility
in both phases.
Other information: Not required.


10. Stability and reactivity

Stable under normal conditions for the storage and transport of solid substances.

Conditions and substances to be avoided : When subjected to strong acids, possible violent
reaction in connection with heat development and release of fumes. These fumes are toxic
(nitrogen oxide) or capable of forming an explosive mixture in air (hydrogen).

Hazardous decomposition products : No hazardous decomposition products known.


11. Toxicological information

11.1 If inhaled or swallowed :

The stainless steels as in Sect. 1 are compact solids and normally cannot be breathed in or
swallowed. Regardless of this, there would be no acute toxic affect if these would be breathed in or
swallowed.

With respect to the alloying elements in Sect. 2, metallic nickel is classified under the terms of
Directive 67f5+8fEEC as a category 3 carcinogen (i. e. a substance which causes concern owing to
possible carcinogenic effects but in respect of which the available information is not adequate for
making satisfactory assessment). The here relevant form of absorption is inhalation. According to
Directive 1999f+5fEC preparations containing min. 1 by mass of nickel are subject to the same
EC - Safety Data Sheet acc. to Guideline 93J112JC
91J155JEEC, 93J112JEC, 2001J5SJEC and TRGS 220

Trade names : Stainless steels 1.+310 f A!S! 301 - 1.+310.+ f ~A!S!
301 - 1.+301 f A!S! 30+ - 1.+03+ f ~A!S! +20 - 1.+571 f ~A!S! 316Ti -
1.++35 f ~A!S! 316L - 1.++0+ f ~ A!S! 316L - 1.++01 f ~A!S! 316L -
1.+303 - 1.+++1
Supplier : Lamineries Matthey SA
Edition 1 issued : 07.05.2007 Page 7 of 7

MSDS_StSteels_E .doc
outline dangerous-substance classification as metallic nickel (cf. Sect. 3), despite the fact that for
example stainless steels have totally different chemical properties in comparison with the alloying
elements of which they consist. So no carcinogenic effect could be verified for the manufacture,
use, processing or handling of the stainless steels as in Sect. 1, either in epidemiological studies or
in animal tests carried out under extreme conditions.

Nechanical and thermal working processes (e. g. grinding, cutting or welding) can give rise to
fumes and dust containing oxides of the various alloying metals. They can have an acute affect on
health under extreme circumstances (metal fume fever) and also a chronic affect, chiefly on the
lungs. Studies of workers who have been exposed to dust and fumes containing nickel during the
production of nickel alloys and stainless steels did not reveal any increased risk of suffering cancer
of the respiratory organs.

Processing operations such as welding or flame cutting which bring the material up to high
temperatures can lead to the formation of compounds containing chromium v!. Certain compounds
containing chromium v! are carcinogenic. Epidemiological studies of welders have nevertheless
shown that the welding of stainless steels does not lead to any greater risk of cancer than the slight
risk associated with the welding of chromium-free steels.

11.2 Incorporation by skin contact:

Directive 67f5+8fEEC classifies nickel as a skin sensitizer, i.e. prolonged direct contact with the skin
(e. g. when wearing articles of jewellery) can lead to sensitization of susceptible individuals.
According to Directive 1999f+5fEC all preparations containing min. 1 nickel by mass are in
principle likewise to be classified as sensitizers (cf. Sect. 3). This also applies to nickel-alloyed
stainless steels as in Sect. 1, although tests have shown them not to be sensitizing. Furthermore
these types of steel do not cause allergic reactions, if accordingly surface finished, even after
prolonged direct skin contact on already sensitized skin.

11.3 Other observations:

Decades of experience have shown that stainless steels are particularly suitable for high-spec
applications with respect to corrosion resistance and hygienic and non-toxic material characteristics
(e. g. in food industry).


12. Ecological information

No harmful effects known. No special preventative measures required.


EC - Safety Data Sheet acc. to Guideline 93J112JC
91J155JEEC, 93J112JEC, 2001J5SJEC and TRGS 220

Trade names : Stainless steels 1.+310 f A!S! 301 - 1.+310.+ f ~A!S!
301 - 1.+301 f A!S! 30+ - 1.+03+ f ~A!S! +20 - 1.+571 f ~A!S! 316Ti -
1.++35 f ~A!S! 316L - 1.++0+ f ~ A!S! 316L - 1.++01 f ~A!S! 316L -
1.+303 - 1.+++1
Supplier : Lamineries Matthey SA
Edition 1 issued : 07.05.2007 Page 8 of 8

MSDS_StSteels_E .doc
13. Disposal considerations

Stainless steel scrap is a valuable raw material and easy to recycle for reuse. Disposal in waste
dumps is not harmful to the environment, but it is a waste of valuable natural resources and should
therefore be avoided.

The stainless steels as in Sect. 1 do not cause contamination of the packaging materials employed.


14. Transport information

Not classed as hazardous cargo in terms of transport regulations.


15. Regulatory information

Stainless steels as in Sect. 1 containing less than 1 nickel by mass are not dangerous
preparations within the terms of Directive 1999f+5fEC. Stainless steels as in Sect. 1 containing a
minimum of 1 nickel by mass are to be classified in the same way as nickel (see below).
However, as these materials in their solid form (i.e. the form in which they are normally handled)
are neither harmful due to their physical chemical properties nor harmful to human health or
environment, they do not require special labeling according to Directives 1999f+5fEC and
67f5+8fEEC.

Substance CAS-No.
Indication
of danger
Risk phrases Safety phrases
Nickel 7++0-02-0 Xn (Harmful)
R+0 Limited evidence of a
carcinogenic effect.
S22 Do not breathe
dust.

R+3 Nay cause sensitization
by skin contact
S36 Wear suitable
protective clothing
EC - Safety Data Sheet acc. to Guideline 93J112JC
91J155JEEC, 93J112JEC, 2001J5SJEC and TRGS 220

Trade names : Stainless steels 1.+310 f A!S! 301 - 1.+310.+ f ~A!S!
301 - 1.+301 f A!S! 30+ - 1.+03+ f ~A!S! +20 - 1.+571 f ~A!S! 316Ti -
1.++35 f ~A!S! 316L - 1.++0+ f ~ A!S! 316L - 1.++01 f ~A!S! 316L -
1.+303 - 1.+++1
Supplier : Lamineries Matthey SA
Edition 1 issued : 07.05.2007 Page 9 of 9

MSDS_StSteels_E .doc

According to Directive 76f769fEEC, the stainless steels as in Sect. 1 are subject only to the
following limitations on use:

They may be used for post assemblies, which are inserted into pierced ears and other pierced
parts of the human body during epithelisation of the wound caused by piercing, only if the nickel
release rate of such post assemblies is less than 0.2 gf(cm
2
week) (release rate value).

They may be used for products intended to come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin
if the nickel release rate is less than 0.5 gf(cm
2
week) when tested in accordance with EN
1811. The stainless steels as in Sect. 1 fulfill this requirement if accordingly surface finished.

Laws, directives and regulations covered by this material safety data sheet :

EC: Dangerous Preparations Directive 1999f+5fEC,
Classification and Labeling Directive 67f5+8fEEC with amendments up to 2001f59fEC,
NSDS Directive 91f155fEEC with amendments 93f112fEC and 2001f58fEC,
Narketing and Use Directive 76f769fEEC
FRG: Chemikaliengesetz (Chemicals Law) of 20f06f2002 (last amended
13f05f200+),Gefahrstoffverordnung (Dangerous Substances Regulation), Edition 23f12f200+
with amendment of same date,
Bundes-!mmissionsschutzgesetz (Federal Emission Control Act of 15f03f197+ with
amendments up to 25f06f2005,
Technische Regeln fr Gefahrstoffe - Sicherheitsdatenblatt (Technical Rules for Dangerous
Substances - Safety Data Sheet), TRGS 220, Edition April 2002 with amendments up to
BarbBl, !ssue 1f2003,
Technische Regeln fr Gefahrstoffe - Luftgrenzwerte" (Technical Rules for Dangerous
Substances - Airborne Substance Limits in the Workplace), TRGS 900, Edition October 2000
with amendments up to BarbBl, !ssue 7f8-200+,
Technische Regeln fr Gefahrstoffe - Begrndungen und Erlauterungen zu Grenzwerten in
der Luft am Arbeitsplatz (Technical Rules for Dangerous Substances - Principles and
Explanations regarding Airborne Substance Limits in the Workplace), TRGS 901, Edition April
1997 with amendments up to BarbBl, !ssue 6f200+,
Technische Regeln fr Gefahrstoffe - verzeichnis krebserzeugender, erbgutveran- dernder
oder fortpflanzungsgefahrdender Stoffe (Technical Rules for Dangerous Substances - !ndex of
Carcinogenic, Nutagenic or Fertility-!mpairing Naterials), TRGS 905, Edition July 2005,
B!A-Report 1f200+: Gefahrstoffliste 200+ - Gefahrstoffe am Arbeitsplatz (List of Dangerous
Substances 200+ - Dangerous Substances in the Workplace)


EC - Safety Data Sheet acc. to Guideline 93J112JC
91J155JEEC, 93J112JEC, 2001J5SJEC and TRGS 220

Trade names : Stainless steels 1.+310 f A!S! 301 - 1.+310.+ f ~A!S!
301 - 1.+301 f A!S! 30+ - 1.+03+ f ~A!S! +20 - 1.+571 f ~A!S! 316Ti -
1.++35 f ~A!S! 316L - 1.++0+ f ~ A!S! 316L - 1.++01 f ~A!S! 316L -
1.+303 - 1.+++1
Supplier : Lamineries Matthey SA
Edition 1 issued : 07.05.2007 Page 10 of 10

MSDS_StSteels_E .doc
16. Other information

Wording of Risk phrases of Sect. 2: R+0: Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect.
R+3: Nay cause sensitisation by skin contact.

References:

The initial work involves a composition based on knowledge available until 1998 regarding health
aspects of the manufacture, processing and handling of stainless steels.

1. H. J. Cross, J. Beach, L. S. Levy, S. Sadhra, T. Sorahan, C. NcRoy: Nanufacture, Processing
and Use of Stainless Steel: A Review of the Health Effects. Prepared for Eurofer by the
!nstitute of Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, 1999.

2. P. J. Cunat: Chromium in Stainless Steel Welding Fumes. The Chromium File No. 9, April
2002, !nternational Chromium Development Association.

3. R. Doll et al.: Report of the !nternational Committee on Nickel Carcinogenesis in Nan.
Scand. J. of Work Environment and Health. 1990, 16, 1-82.

+. P. Haudrechy et al.: Nickel Release from Nickel-plated Netals and Stainless Steels. Contact
Dermatitis. 1990, 31, 2+9-255.



This material safety data sheet describes products of Lamineries Matthey SA with
respect to their safety requirements. The details given are based on the information
and experience available, but they do not provide or imply guarantees regarding
product characteristics, nor do they suppose a legal or contractual obligation of any
kind.

Material Safety Data Sheet
Version: 1.
10/17/2007

LE-45/TPD/209KG
Polydimethylsiloxane Emulsion


Page 1/7
1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

Manufactured By: Momentive Performance Materials
3500 South State Route 2
FRIENDLY WV 26146
Revised: 10/17/2007
Preparer: PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP COMPLIANCE AND STANDARDS
CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300

Chemical Family/Use: Emulsion
Formula: Polydimethylsiloxane emulsion

HMIS
Flammability: 0 Reactivity: 0 Health: 1

NFPA
Flammability: 0 Reactivity: 0 Health: 1


2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
WARNING! Causes eye irritation.
Form: Liquid Color: Opaque white Odor: Mild

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

INGESTION
No evidence of harmful effects from available information.

SKIN
May cause minor irritation. May cause the following effects: - itching - slight local redness

INHALATION
Short-term harmful health effects are not expected from vapor generated at ambient temperature.

EYES
May cause irritation. May cause the following effects: - stinging - excess blinking - tear
production - excess redness of the conjunctivae - swelling of the conjunctivae Injury to the cornea
is not expected.

MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED
A knowledge of the available toxicology information and of the physical and chemical
properties of the material suggests that overexposure is unlikely to aggravate existing medical
conditions.

SUBCHRONIC (TARGET ORGAN )
None known.


Material Safety Data Sheet
Version: 1.
10/17/2007

LE-45/TPD/209KG
Polydimethylsiloxane Emulsion


Page 2/7
CHRONIC EFFECTS / CARCINOGENICITY
For additional information, please see Section 11, Toxicological Information.

ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
Eyes



3. COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS


PRODUCT COMPOSITION CAS REG NO. WGT. %

A. HAZARDOUS

Alcohol ethoxylate Trade secret 1 - 5 %


B. NON-HAZARDOUS
Water 7732-18-5 60 - 90 %
Siloxanes and Silicones, di-me 63148-62-9 30 - 60 %


4. FIRST AID MEASURES

INGESTION
Do NOT induce vomiting. If victim is conscious, give 2-4 glasses of water. Never give anything by
mouth to an unconscious person. Obtain medical attention.

SKIN
Wash off with soap and water. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

INHALATION
If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration using a barrier device. If
breathing is difficult give oxygen. Get medical attention.

EYES
In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and get
medical attention if irritation persists.

NOTE TO PHYSICIAN
Treatment is symptomatic and supportive.



Material Safety Data Sheet
Version: 1.
10/17/2007

LE-45/TPD/209KG
Polydimethylsiloxane Emulsion


Page 3/7
5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES

FLASH POINT: None (aqueous system)
FLAMMABLE LIMITS IN AIR - LOWER (%): Not available
FLAMMABLE LIMITS IN AIR - UPPER (%): Not available

SENSITIVITY TO MECHANICAL IMPACT: No

SENSITIVITY TO STATIC DISCHARGE
Sensitivity to static discharge is not expected.

EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
All standard extinguishing agents are suitable.

SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES
Firefighters must wear NIOSH/MSHA approved positive pressure self-contained breathing
apparatus with full face mask and full protective clothing.



6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

ACTION TO BE TAKEN IF MATERIAL IS RELEASED OR SPILLED
Wipe, scrape or soak up in an inert material and put in a container for disposal. Wash walking
surfaces with detergent and water to reduce slipping hazard. Wear proper protective equipment as
specified in the protective equipment section.



7. HANDLING AND STORAGE

PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN HANDLING AND STORAGE
Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from children. Attention: Not for injection into humans.
May generate formaldehyde at temperatures greater than 150 C (300 F). See Section 10 of MSDS for
details.

STORAGE
Keep container tightly closed. Keep from freezing.

FURTHER INFORMATION ON STORAGE CONDITIONS
Recommended storage between 35F (2C) and 80F (26 C).




Material Safety Data Sheet
Version: 1.
10/17/2007

LE-45/TPD/209KG
Polydimethylsiloxane Emulsion


Page 4/7
8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

ENGINEERING CONTROLS
Eyewash stations; Showers; Ventilation and other forms of engineering controls are preferred for
controlling exposures. Respiratory protection may be needed for non-routine or emergency situations.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
May be needed if product is used in a confined or poorly ventilated area. If exposure limits are
exceeded or respiratory irritation is experienced, NIOSH/MSHA approved respiratory protection should
be worn. Supplied air respirators may be required for non-routine or emergency situations.
Respiratory protection must be provided in accordance with OSHA regulations (see 29CFR 1910.134).

PROTECTIVE GLOVES
Impermeable or chemical resistant gloves.

EYE AND FACE PROTECTION
Safety glasses

OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Wear suitable protective clothing and eye/face protection.

Exposure Guidelines

Component CAS RN Source Value

Absence of values indicates none found

PEL - OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit; TLV - ACGIH Threshold Limit Value; TWA - Time Weighted Average

OSHA revoked the Final Rule Limits of January 19, 1989 in response to the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals decision (AFL-CIO v. OSHA)
effective June 30, 1993. See 29 CFR 1910.1000 (58 FR 35338).


9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

BOILING POINT - C & F: > 100 C; > 212 F; Mixture
VAPOR PRESSURE (20 C) (MM HG): < 20.30
VAPOR DENSITY (AIR=1): Heavier than air
FREEZING POINT: 0 C; 32 F; (approximately)
MELTING POINT: 0 C; 32 F; (approximately)
PHYSICAL STATE: Liquid
ODOR: Mild
COLOR: Opaque white
EVAPORATION RATE (BUTYL ACETATE=1): < 1
DENSITY: 0.9710 g/cm3
VOLATILE ORGANIC CONTENT (VOL): Not determined
SOLUBILITY IN WATER (20 C): Dispersible
VOC EXCL. H2O & EXEMPTS (G/L): 0


Material Safety Data Sheet
Version: 1.
10/17/2007

LE-45/TPD/209KG
Polydimethylsiloxane Emulsion


Page 5/7

10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

STABILITY
Stable.

HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION
Will not occur.

HAZARDOUS THERMAL DECOMPOSITION / COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
After evaporation of water, residue can burn to produce:; Oxides of carbon.; Oxides of silicon.;
Formaldehyde.; Carbon monoxide is highly toxic if inhaled; carbon dioxide in sufficient concentrations
can act as an asphyxiant.; Acute overexposure to the products of combustion may result in irritation of
the respiratory tract.; This product contains methylpolysiloxanes which can generate formaldehyde at
approximately 300 degrees Fahrenheit (150'C) and above, in atmospheres which contain oxygen.
Formaldehyde is a skin and respiratory sensitizer, eye and throat irritant, acute toxicant, and potential
cancer hazard. A MSDS for formaldehyde is available from Momentive.

INCOMPATIBILITY (MATERIALS TO AVOID)
None currently known.

CONDITIONS TO AVOID
None known.


11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

OTHER EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE
No adverse effects anticipated from available information.


12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

ECOTOXICOLOGY
All available ecological data have been taken into account for the development of the hazard and
precautionary information contained in this Safety Data Sheet.



13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

DISPOSAL METHOD
Disposal should be made in accordance with federal, state and local regulations.


14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

Material Safety Data Sheet
Version: 1.
10/17/2007

LE-45/TPD/209KG
Polydimethylsiloxane Emulsion


Page 6/7


Further Information: This product is not regarded as dangerous goods according to the
national and international regulations on the transport of dangerous
goods.


15. REGULATORY INFORMATION

Inventories

Korea Existing Chemicals
Inventory (KECI)
y (Positive listing)
Japan Inventory of Existing &
New Chemical Substances
(ENCS)
y (Positive listing)
EU list of existing chemical
substances
y (Positive listing)
Australia Inventory of Chemical
Substances (AICS)
y (Positive listing)
Philippines Inventory of
Chemicals and Chemical
Substances (PICCS)
y (Positive listing)
TSCA list y (Positive listing)
China Inventory of Existing
Chemical Substances
y (Positive listing)
Canada DSL Inventory y (Positive listing)
Canada NDSL Inventory n (Negative listing)
For inventories that are marked as quantity restricted or special cases, please contact Momentive.

US Regulatory Information

SARA (311,312) HAZARD CLASS
Acute Health Hazard

SARA (313) CHEMICALS


Canadian Regulatory Information

Other

SCHDLE B/HTSUS: 3910.00.0000 Silicones in primary forms


CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65
This product does not contain any chemicals known to State of California to cause cancer, birth, or
any other reproductive defects.


Material Safety Data Sheet
Version: 1.
10/17/2007

LE-45/TPD/209KG
Polydimethylsiloxane Emulsion


Page 7/7


16. OTHER INFORMATION

OTHER
These data are offered in good faith as typical values and not as product specifications. No warranty,
either expressed or implied, is made. The recommended industrial hygiene and safe handling
procedures are believed to be generally applicable. However, each user should review these
recommendations in the specific context of the intended use and determine whether they are
appropriate., C = ceiling limit NEGL = negligible EST = estimated NF = none found
NA = not applicable UNKN = unknown NE = none established REC = recommended ND =
none determined V = recommended by vendor SKN = skin TS = trade secret R =
recommended MST = mist NT = not tested STEL = short term exposure limit ppm =
parts per million ppb = parts per billion By-product= reaction by-product, TSCA inventory status
not required under 40 CFR part 720.30(h-2).


Technical Data Sheet

HYSOL

US1750
September-2007

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
HYSOL

US1750 provides the following product

characteristics:
Technology Urethane
Appearance (Part A) Clear
Appearance (Part B) Clear
Appearance (cured) Clear
Components Two component - requires mixing
Mix Ratio, by volume -
Part A: Part B
1 : 1
Mix Ratio, by weight -
Part A: Part B
50.5 : 49.5
Cure Room temperature cure
Application Potting and Encapsulating
HYSOL

US1750 elastomeric polyurethane, is a water-

white, clear, medical grade, fast gel potting material. It is ideal
for blood heat exchanger, dialyzer and oxygenerator units.
TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF UNCURED MATERIAL
Part A Properties
Density, @ 25 C, g/cm 1.08
Viscosity, Brookfield - RVF, 25 C, cP:
Spindle , speed r/min 350
Part B Properties
Density, @ 25 C, g/cm 1.06
Viscosity, Brookfield - RVF, 25 C, cP:
Spindle , speed r/min 370
Mixed Properties
Gel Time, 100 gm mass @ 45 C, minutes 5 to 7
Drystick Gel 25 gm mass, @ 25 C, minutes 60 to 70
Viscosity, Brookfield - RVF, 25 C, cP:
Spindle , speed r/min 510
TYPICAL CURING PERFORMANCE
Recommended Curing Conditions
16 hours @ 25 C (Recommended cure)
1 hour @ 50 C (Alternate cure)
TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF CURED MATERIAL
Physical Properties:
Shore Hardness , Durometer A 78
Density, @ 25 C, g/cm 1.07
Tensile Strength, psi 541
Tensile Elongation, % 198
Glass Transition Temperature, C 30
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion, ppm/C:
Alpha 1, @ -20 to 0 C 137
Alpha 2, @ 60 to 80 C 235
Thermal Conductivity, W/mk 0.19
Electrical Properties:
Dielectric Strength, 20 mils thickness, volts/mil 1,292
Surface Resistivity, ohms @ 25C 5.6610
13
Volume Resistivity, ohm/cm @ 25C 1.0610
13
Dielectric Constant / Dissipation Factor @ 25C:
100-Hz 6.41 / 0.072
1-kHz 5.99 / 0.067
100-kHz 5.01 / 0.056
GENERAL INFORMATION
For safe handling information on this product, consult the
Material Safety Data Sheet, (MSDS).
Not for product specifications
The technical data contained herein are intended as reference
only. Please contact your local quality department for
assistance and recommendations on specifications for this
product.
Note: Before using this product please purge approximately 30
ml. of material prior to application. Discard purged material in
accordance with the Material Safety Data Sheet. A video
instruction is available upon request.
Storage
Store product in the unopened container in a dry location.
Storage information may be indicated on the product container
labeling.
Liquid Storage - Liquids should be stored at 23C or
below, in closed containers. If stored below 23C, the
material MUST be allowed to come to room temperature, in
the sealed container, to avoid moisture contamination.
Material removed from containers may be contaminated during
use. Do not return product to the original container. Henkel
Corporation cannot assume responsibility for product which
has been contaminated or stored under conditions other than
those previously indicated. If additional information is required,
please contact your local Technical Service Center or
Customer Service Representative.
Conversions
(C x 1.8) + 32 = F
kV/mm x 25.4 = V/mil
mm / 25.4 = inches
N x 0.225 = lb
N/mm x 5.71 = lb/in
N/mm x 145 = psi
MPa x 145 = psi
Nm x 8.851 = lbin
Nm x 0.738 = lbft
Nmm x 0.142 = ozin
mPas = cP
Note
The data contained herein are furnished for information only
and are believed to be reliable. We cannot assume
responsibility for the results obtained by others over whose
TDS HYSOL

US1750, September-2007
methods we have no control. It is the user's responsibility to
determine suitability for the user's purpose of any production
methods mentioned herein and to adopt such precautions as
may be advisable for the protection of property and of persons
against any hazards that may be involved in the handling and
use thereof. In light of the foregoing, Henkel Corporation
specifically disclaims all warranties expressed or implied,
including warranties of merchantability or fitness for a
particular purpose, arising from sale or use of Henkel
Corporations products. Henkel Corporation specifically
disclaims any liability for consequential or incidental
damages of any kind, including lost profits. The discussion
herein of various processes or compositions is not to be
interpreted as representation that they are free from
domination of patents owned by others or as a license under
any Henkel Corporation patents that may cover such
processes or compositions. We recommend that each
prospective user test his proposed application before repetitive
use, using this data as a guide. This product may be covered
by one or more United States or foreign patents or patent
applications.
Trademark usage
Except as otherwise noted, all trademarks in this document
are trademarks of Henkel Corporation in the U.S. and
elsewhere.

denotes a trademark registered in the U.S.

Patent and Trademark Office.
Reference 1.1
Americas
+626.968.6511
Europe
+49.89.320800.1800
Asia
+86.21.2891.8863
For the most direct access to local sales and technical support visit: www.loctite.com
Arctic Silver Incorporated MSDS # AS5_3

Page 2 of 2
(Air = 1) Percent Volatile: < 0.2%
SECTION 10: STABILITY AND REACTIVITY INFORMATION
Stability: This product is stable.
Conditions to Avoid: Contamination with incompatible materials.
Incompatibility: Avoid strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and alkalis.
Products of Decomposition: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, silicon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and incompletely burned hydrocarbons which may include minute
traces of formaldehyde. Reacts with acids and alkalis to form combustible hydrogen gas.
Hazardous Polymerization: May not occur.
Conditions to avoid: NA
SECTION 11: CARCINOGEN INFORMATION
Cancer Information: No ingredients listed as human carcinogens by NTP or IARC
SECTION 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Environmental Impact Information
Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches that lead to waterways. Water runoff can cause environmental damage.

REPORTING
US regulations require reporting spills of this material that could reach any surface waters. The toll free number for the US Coast Guard National Response Center is:
1-800-424-8802
SECTION 13: DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Dispose of in accordance with all federal, state and local regulations. Water runoff can cause environmental damage.
SECTION 14: TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
Air and Ground Shipments:
Not Regulated
SECTION 15: REGULATORY INFORMATION
SECTION 313 SUPPLIER NOTIFICATION
This product contains the following toxic chemicals subject to the reporting requirements of Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To- Know
Act of 1986 (40 CFR 372).

Product contains no Section 313 listed chemicals.

This information should be included on all MSDSs copied and distributed for this material.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA).
All ingredients of this product are listed on the TSCA Inventory.
SECTION 16: OTHER INFORMATION
Do not puncture or incinerate containers. Normal ventilation for standard manufacturing practices is usually adequate. Local exhaust should be used when large
amounts are released.
WHMIS: Ingredient disclosure list: None
Status: Noncontrolled

To the best of our knowledge, the information contained herein is accurate. However, all materials may present unknown hazards and should be used with caution. In
particular, improper use of our products and their inappropriate combination with other products and substances may produce harmful results which cannot be
anticipated. Final determination of the suitability of any material is the sole responsibility of the user. Although certain hazards are described herein, we cannot
guarantee that these are the only hazards that may exist.