CHUaNG 1

MO HitiH

xU LY DFD (DATA FLOW DIAGRAM)

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1. Phu'dngphap phan tich DFD [3] 1.1. T~i sao phiii co cong C\ld~ h6 trq vi~c phan tfch thie't ke'? Khi xay d\l'ng mQt h~ thong thong tin ngoai nhung kh6 khan v'e ky thu~t, slf thie'u hiu bie't v'e kie'n thuc qUail Iy cua h~ thong dang duQc xay dlfng, con mQt kh6 khan khong kem ph'an quail tn;mg la cac van d'e traG d6i thong tin: giii'a nhii'ng nguai c6 trinh dQ khac nhau trang nh6m phat trin xay dlfng h~ thong, giii'anhung nguai d~ithang, nguai sa d~ng va nh6m phat trin h~ thong. Cac kh6 khan th hi~n d mQt so dim c~ th sail: a. Thong thuang cac nha qUail Iy thuang d~t cac yell c'au chung chung v'e h~ thong ma hQ c'an, va nguai sa d~ng thi chi bie't cac cong vi~c trang ph~m vi cua minh ma it bie't de'n moi lien h~ voi cac bQ ph~n khac. Vi v~y ma phan tich vien phai bie't cach gQi md va dung mQt phuong phap naG d6 d nguai dung hiu r6 hon cac cong vi~c cua minh. b. Ph'an Ion nguai slYd~lllgkhong th hinh dung duQc slf ho~t dQng cua h~ th6ng thong tin sail nay. HQkhong bie't dii' li~u se duQc xli Iy va th hi~n ra saG, may tinh se clIng cap eho hQ nhii'ng baa biu naG, vi the' vi~c cling cap mQt bue tranh toan canh v'e mo hinh ho~t dQng cua h~ thong g'an gui voi cae eong vi~c cua hQla mQt di'eu he't suc c'an thie't. c. Phan tich thie't ke' mQt h~ thong thong tin doi hoi phai hiu bie't Luongt~n tung chi tie't, ca v'e cong vi~c qUail Iy Hinky thu~t. Bay la khoi luQng cong vi~c IOnlieu phi nhi'eu thai gian. Nhung lam the' naG d nhin duQc loan canh va cac m6i lien h~ LIangh~ thong nhung khi muon di VaGchi tie't cua mQt ph'an naG d6 thi vftn e6 du thong tin?
. . .

d. Vi~c th hi~n nhii'ng chi tie't clia h~ thong moi, voi d'ay du cac d~c ta de -t~o nit5mtin cho ngl(ai sa d~lllg,m~c du bay gia c6 mQt so van dt5hQ chua hiu hoan loan. e. Ne'u xay dlfng cac tai li~u mo ta dung ligon ngii' cua nguai dung, thi l;ii khong hii'll d~ng cho ngl(ai thitt ke' v~t Iy va I~p trinh, nhung ne'u nguoi phan tich qua di sail VaGd~c d tung chuc liang, I~i de lam cho nguai I~p trinh mat tinh dQcI~p d tim ra mQtcach giai quye't tot nhat. Do d6 tai li~u mo d h~ thong c'an phai xay dlfng the' naG cho phu hQp d nguoi dung c6 th hiu va khong gay kh6 khan cho nguai I~}})trinh ? Voi cac van d'e LIen vi~c tim ra mQt ligon ngii' chung mo hinh h6a cac h~ th6ng thong tin d vi~c traG d6i giii'a nguai sa d~ng va nh6m phat trin, giii'a nhung thanh vien trong nh6m phat trin duQCde dang la htt suc c'an thie't. Hi~n

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nay da co mQt so' phuong phap d~ giai quye't va'n dt3 nay, trong do DFD (Data flow diagram) fa mQtphuong phap duQc dung kha ph6 bie'n. Tuy nhien day khong phai Ia nQi dung chinh cua lu~n van, nen lac gia khong cling ca'p day du cac kie'n thuc vt3mo hinh DFD, ma chi cling dip cac kie'n thuc can ban can thie't d~ b<:tn co th~ till hi~u cac phan can l<:ti Qt cach d~ dang dQc m ma thai. 1.2. Ve sd d6 dong dii'li~u Trang phan tich thie't ke' h~ th6ng chung ta can phai nh~n ra nhilng th~c the ben ngoai, kho dil li~u, dong dil li~u cling nhu cac bie'n d6i cua dil li~u truck lac dQng cua cac dong dil li~u. )~ mo ta h~ th6ng mQt cach day du chung ta can dua ra cac do hinh don gian d~ mo ta cac d6i tuQng lIen. Cac quy uck ky hi~u [3] 1.2.1. Cae thlj'e thi hihz ngoiLi Thuong dtIQCdung de chi S\Iv~t hay nguoi ben ngoai h~ th6ng, co th~ cling dip dil li~u cho h~ th6ng hay nh~n cac dil li~u tu h~ th6ng. Vi dl;t:khach hang, nhan vien, nha cling ca'p, phong ke' loan, kho hang ... )~ ve il1Qtth~c th~ bell ngoai chung ta dung il1Qt inh vuong voi 2 c<:tnh h lIen va ben trai duQc ve 2 net. Th~c th~ bell ngoai duQc chi dinh bdi cac ky ~ d goc lIen ben trai cua hinh vuong.

Trang truong hQp th~c th~ ben ngoai co nhit3udong dil li~u lien quail d~ tranh s~ chong cheo cac dong dil li~u, chung ta co th~ ve l~p l<:tih~c th~ ben ngoai t nhi'eu lan, va nh~n d<:tng chung bang cach ve them cac duong cheo d goc duoi bell phai. Vi d~:

KHA.CH HAN~<,~\

c NHAN VIEN c NHA CUNG CAP a KHA.CH HANG

NHAN VIEN

ffinh 1..Cac th~c th~ ben ngoai

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1.2.2. Dong dilli?u C6 th<3xem nhu mQt 6ng d:n trong d6 dli li~u duQc chuy<3n di. Dong dli li~u duQc ve bai cac mlii ten, httang cua mlii ten chi huang cua dong dii' li~u. Mlii ten hai chien c6 th~ duQc dung d<3thay cho 2 mlii ten gi6ng nhau nhung nguQc huang.
c KHACH HANG

Di~u chinh
Philn tich ban hfmg Bao biu ban hfmg -.. NHA QUAN LY

Kho

Kim Ira

Hlnh 2: Cac dong dCi' li~u. Cae thl!e th~, kho dCi'i~u va cae xU'ly dell c6 th~ Ia ngu6n xua't phat hay la l dich de'n eua dong dii'li~u. Cac phien ban truac day doi hai phai ghi phan ma ta dong dii'li~u bang chii'nha a phia tIeD nhu a hinh 2, nhung hi~n nay khi da dinb nghIa nQidung tl! di~n dITli~u, thi phan ma telduQc ghi bang chITIOnchi ra rang n6 da duQcma teltrong tl! di<3n li~u. Vi dl!-:ne'u chung nhin vao BAo-BIEUdli BAN-HANG trong tl! di<3n dii'li~u chung ta se tha'y cac thanh phan cua n6 dttQc li~t ke nbu san: -BAo-BIEU-BAN-HANG-HANG-NGA Y PHA.N -TICH-PHV0NG- HVONG-BAN-HANG
~ / ~ ? / ,

PHAN-TICH-HI~U-QUA -BAN-HANG PHAN-TICH-BAN- HANG-THEO-SAN- PHAM Trong mQt so' truong hQp ne'u y nghla cua dong dli li~u da ro rang chung ta c6 the khang can ghi phan ma fa. Tuy nhien trong mQt s6truong hQp l~i ra't kh6 ma ta day du y nghla cua dong dii' li~u. B6i vai nhling truong hQp nhu v~y thi my thuQcvao tinh qualJ.,n;mg cua cac d6i tu'QngIDaIData cho thich hQp. Vi dl.l:Ne'u t illQtkhach hang c6 th<3gai de'n: ddn d~t hang, thanh loan, loi than phien, cac truyva'n thi chung ta khang Den ve:
~ / /,

?;!

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c KHACH HANG

Ddn d~t hang Thanhtoan Cae call hoi Lei than phiSn San ph1lmtra vS

Phiin Io~i gIao dieh

Cae call hoi Lei than phiSn

ma tuy VaGhi~n tr<;lng,ne'u xli' Iy "phan lo<;li iao dich" la quail trQng chung ta g lien dung mQt khai ni~m chung "giaodich khach hang" d chi tftt ca cac thong tin ma khach hang gdi Wi va gom chung thanh mQt dong dii' li~u duy nhftt.

c KHACH HANG Giao dieh Khaeh hang

Phiin Io~i giao dieh Cae call hoi Lei than phiSn

nhung ne'u Xll'ly "phan 10<;li iao dich" khong quail trQng chung ta co th~ bo g no va chuy~n thong tin tr~(ctie'p de'n cac xli' ly tu'ong ling.
Sua Ddn c KHACH HANG
Cae call hOi

d~t hang

Xu 1;' eae
cau h6i

Ghi nh~n thanh loan

1.2.3. Xu Ii Xli'ly du'qc th hi~n b~ng hlnh chii'nh~t iron goc, m6i xli'Iy co mQt dinh danh duy nhftt. Xli'ly thu'ong duqc chia lam 3 ph'an:

r(';~

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Dinh daub

M6

ta chilc niing

Tharn khao v~t ly

Phan djnh danh co th6 1a mQt so, thuong du<;Jcdanh so ill' trai qua phai trong ma hinh DFD nhung khang co 9 nghla gi hon ngoai vi~c Ia chi danh cua xii' 19, bdi vi mQt vai xii' 19 co th6 du<;Jc an chia thanh 2 hay nhieu xii' 19 va ngu<;Jcl(;1i ph nhieu xii' 19 co th~ h<;Jp nha't t(;1othanh mQt xii' 19. Ngo(;1itru truong h<;Jp philo chia hay hQp nha't, cac xii' 19 con l(;1i hong duQc thay d6i chi danh, bdi vi chung duQc k dung d nhieu dong dli 1i~u va d cac muc philo ra tha'p bon. M6 tel cllltc nc1ng nen sii' dl;!ng call m~nh l~nh, ba:t d'au b~ng mQt dQng tu va IDeo san 1a mQt m~nh de d6i tu nhung cang don gian cang t6t. Vi d: Nh~p - chi tiel khach hang mojo Ki6m tra - b tri. tin dun<Tcua khach han<T. <Tia . b b

Tham khdo v(llly ph'an nay lien quail den giai do(;1n thiet ke v~t 19,no cho bitt xii'19du<;Jchtfc hi~n bdi ai, hay bQ ph~n nao phl;!trach. t
29
Nhap chi titt khach hang. moi Ban hang

37
Tinh gia tri thanh phii'm PM205

BQ ph~n

Ten chuang trinh

MQt xii' 19 thtfc hi~n vi~c ki6m tra va co th6 cho nhieu kha nang ket qua chung ta gQi no Ia xa ly di~u khiln. 1.2.4. Klzo dilli~'u DuQcdung d~ 1u'utn1'dli 1i~u.Kho dli 1i~uduQc ve b~ng hai duong thng n~m ngang song song va dong kin illQtd'au. M6i kho dli li~u duQc chi danh bdi chITD theo san Ia mQt so'nguyen my y d~t trong illQt khung bell trai.

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[] PHIEU THU CHI

Trang tniang hQp d~ tranh chong cheo cac dong dIT1i~u, chung ta co ve kho dli 1i~u l~p l~i vai fan va nh~n d~ng ra chung bAng cach them cac v~ch dung ben
trai. Vi dl;l:

KHACH HANG

EJ

NHAN VIEN

EI

KHACH HANG

Khi tmy xul1t mQt kho dIT1i~u mlii ten dong dli 1i~u di VaGkho th~ hi~n mQt s1! c~p nh~t sli'a d6i thong tin kho dIT1i~u. NguQc l~i mlii ten di ra th~ hi~n kho dIT 1i~u duQc tmy xul1t duoi d~ng chi cho phep dQc.
GiiJ liim \i~c Nhap giiJ lam \'iec
I

D2

NGAY CONG
? Tfnh lu'dng Cae chi tit tinh lu'dng

1.2.5. QllY zt(jcv~ vi?cae muc pluit triill M6i mQt xli' 19 d milc cao co th~ phat tri~n thanh mQt so dB dong dli li~u clla chinh no d muc thl1phon va ma hlnh DFD chi tiel cua xli'19 nay duQc gQi la mQt h? thongcon. M6i xu 19d h~ thong con din phai th~ hi~n moi quan h~ cua chung voi cac muc lIen. Do do cac xli'19d muc thl1pthuang dltQCdanh so la ph'an th~p phan cua muc lIen no. Vi dl;l:xu 19 29 duQc phan di thanh cac xli' 19 29.1, 29.2, 29.3 va neu c'an co th~ phan ra xuong muc thu ba nhu 29.3.1,29.3.2. Cach th~ hi~n r6 rang nhl1tla ve so dB dong dli li~u d muc thl1pben trong cac dltong bien bi~u dien so dB d muc cao bon, r6 rang tl1tca cac dong dli li~u VaG va ra xu 19d muc cao d~u phai di qua duong bien. Cac kho dli li~u chi duQc sli'dl;lngbdi xli' 19 nay se nAm ben trang, nguQc l~i nhling kho dIT1i~uduQc dung chung voi cac xli'19khac chung phai duQc d~t nAm lIen duong bien.
Cac th\1c th~ ben ngoai khang duQc d~t ben trang duang bien, ngay ca truong hqp th\1c th~ do chi duQc dung duy nhl1t bdi xli' 19. <!\ Trang truong hQp dong dli 1i~u giao vdi dong dli li~u khac hay giao vdi mQt kho dli li~u, chung ta co th~ dung mQt cung lIon d~ th~ hi~n r6 duong di cua dong dli li~u.

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l-

I
2. Vi d\1 ung d\1ng cua phuong phap DFD trong phan tich thie't ke' h~ thO'ng thong tin VI d~ nay duQc lac gia 1a'ytir mQt b~i loan th\lc te', nh~m m~c dich giup b:ln dQchieu duQc vi~c xay d\lng m6 hlnh DFD duQc tie'n hanh ra saG?N6 cling duQc sii'd~ng trong cac chuang tie'p IDeo de minh hQa cho cac ph'an 19 thuye't trong m6i chuang. Bai toan: MQt c6ng ty san xua't banh k~o baa g6m 1 nha may san xua't va 3 chi nhanh phan phoi san ph~m. T:li ha may chlnh va m6i chi nhanh dell c6 kho rieng d~ n tan tn1'hang h6a. C6ng ty dang c'an ling d~ng tin hQc VaGvi~c qUail 19nh~p kho va ban hang t:licac chi nhanh. Vi~c ban hang dtlQc tie'n hanh b~ng cach nhan vien tie'p thi de'n chao hang va yell c'au khach hang (c6 the 1a khach hang Cll ho~c mai) ghi don d~t hang, va hang se dtlQc giao sam nha't 1a sail mQt ngay. Kbach hang c6 th~ thanh loan lam nhieu 1'ancho mQth6a don ban hang.
C6ng vi~c quail 19 t:lichi nhanhg6m hi~n nhu sail : 2.1. Nh~p hang tit tang cong ty cac ph'an va thu wc chi tie't duQc th~lc

. . . .

Chi nhanh vie't p.hie'ud~ ngJ~ixua't hang. T6ng c6ng ty vie't boa don xua't va chuy~n hang cho chi nhanh. Chi nhanh vie't phie'u nh~p kho theo s6 luQng th\lc te' va nh~p hang VaG kho. Ne'u s61tlQng nh~p th\lc te' kh6ng dung vai h6a don xua't cua t6ng c6ng ty, thl chi nhanh vie't phie'u b6i thuong cho tai xe' va baa ve t6ng c6ng ty.

2.2. Ban hang cho khach

Nhan vien tie'p thi de'n chao hang.

<'~\

. Khach hang vie't don d~t hang gdi cho chi nhanh th6ng qua nhan vien tie'p thi.

Chi nhanh kiem tra dnh hQp 1~cua don d~t hang.

rI:)H.~H.TlrNHIEN1

. . . . .

Ne'u don hang khang h<JpI~ tnllt;li eho khaeh hang. Ne'u don hang h<JpI~ thi ki~m tra kho xem e6 dli hang d~ giao khang '1 Ne'u khang dli hang se ghi nh~n It;licae don d~t hang ehua du<Jegiai quye't, dong thai vie't phie'u d~ nghi xuftt hang gdi eho tang eang ty. E>6ivdi cae don d~t hang dli hang giao thi t~p h<Jpcae don d~t hang eung tuye'n duang vao chung mQtxe giao hang. Vie't phie'u d~ nghi xuftt kh~ eho cae xe giao hang. Vie't h6a don eho cae don d~t hang va xuftt hang d~ nhan vien giao hang di giao eho khaeh hang.

2.3. Theo doi cong mj cua khach himg

.
. . .
.

C~p nh~t eang n<Jciia khaeh hang. Khaeh hang thanh loan eho nhan vien tie'p thi. Nhan vien tie'p th! nQpti~n eho bQph~n ke' loan.
Ke' loan vie't phieu thu ti~n eho khaeh hang. Ke' loan c~p nh~t rang n<Jcua khaeh hang.

Bay giG chung ta se I~p ma bing DFD d~ ma hinh h6a loan bQ cae xii' 19 eua cac rang vi~c qlU:ln 19tren. Tn1oc he't chung ta l~p ma hinh tang th~, d day c6:
Hai tl71!cthE herz ngocli

1. TONG CONG TY 2. KHAcH HANG

.
.

Niim xi( ly chinh 1. Nh~p hang cho chi nhanh. 2. Ki~m tra don d~t hang. 3. Ki~m tra kho va xuftt hang. 4. Thea d6i cang n<;i khaeh hang. cua 5. L~p cae baa eao nh~p xuftt ton kho va eang n<J. Cac kho da lifu
<'~\

I. Danh m~c khach hang - luu tra danh saeh eua tilt ca cae khach hang. 2. Danh m~c san ph'm - lu'utra danh saeh eua t{t ea cae san ph'm.

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3. Phie'u nh~p kho cua chi nhanh - hm tru tilt ca.cac phie'u nh~p kho cua chi nhanh. 4. Phie'u xuilt kho cua chi nhanh - lu'u tru tilt ca d.c phie'u xuilt kho cua chi nhanh. 5. ton kho cua chi nhanh - hill tru so lu'c;ing kho hang h6a cua chi nhanh. ton 6. Bdn d~t hang - luu tru tilt ca ddn d~t hang mdi va ddn d~t hang cho giao l~i tru'dc d6 cua khcichhang. Tr~ng thai "mdi" hay "cho giao l~i" cua cac ddn d~t hang du'c;iChan bi~t bdi thuQc tinh trgng thai. p
7. H6a ddn - luu tru tilt ca h6a ddn cua khach hang.

8. Cong nc;ikhach hang - lu'u tru cac fan thanh loan cua tung h6a ddn, cua khach hang.

9. Phie'uxuilt kho cua tang cong ty - lu'utru tilt ca phie'u xuilt kho cua tang
cong ty xuiit hang cho chi nhanh. 10. Phie'u boi thu'ong Cita tai xe' - luu tru thong tin boi thu'ong cua tai xe' trong tru'ong hc;ipxay ra milt hang.

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Hinh 3 ..Mo hZllh DFD to?llgquat cua h? thffllg

PHrEU NHAp

El TONG CONG TY

H6a ddn xu;!'! kho

Nh~p hang cho chi nhanh

D5

TON KHO

2 E2 KHA.CH HANG Ki~m tfa don diit hang

Ki~m tfa k11ova xuilthang

Theo d6i cong nq cua kMch hang/ 4\

L~p cae bao cao nh~p xua't va cong nq

El TONG CONG TY

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D hiu 1'6 them sl1 ho<;ltdQng cua h~ th6ng chung ta se phan Iff cae xii' ly cua ma hinh tang quat xu6ng cae mile thap bon. Dftu lien la xii' ly "Nh~p hang vao chi nhanh" trong xii' ly nay, ngoai vi~c xii' dl;lng cae: Kho dli li~u chung: Philu nhqp kho, t6n kho du'qc d~t n~m t1'en du'ong bien. Thl1Cth bell ngoai : Tang cong ty du'qc d~t bell ngoai du'ong bien. con co hai kho dli li~u: Philu xuat cua t6ng ty, philu b6i thuang chi du'<;Jc dl:111g xii' trong xii' ly nay, nen chung du'<;Jc ~t ben trong du'ong bien cua xii' ly. d

a mile phan
?

1'a nay xii'ly chinh du'<;Jchia thanh 5 xii'ly d mile thap hon: c

1. Vie't hoa don xua't kho t<;liang c6ng ty. t 2. Kim t1'a s6 hJ'<;Jngoa don voi so s61u'<;Jngthl1c te'. h

3. Vie't phie'u nh~p kho cua chi nhanh. 4. Di-euchinh s61u'<;Jng kho. ton 5. L~p phie'u boi tht(ong cho tai xe' ne'u bi ma't hang.
Hlnh 4: M{j hillh DFD ciia xli lj UNhqp hll1zg VllOchi llluillh
1. Nh~p hang vao chi nhanh

"

09

I P. XUAT TCT

1.1

1.2 Ki~m tra s6h1<1ng

-

1.3 Vie't phie'u nh~p kho-&' Nh~p hang

El TONG CONG TY
H6a deiu xui;'! kh-o

Vie't hoa don :mat kho

so v6i hoa don

LLL~p phiu b6i thuang cho tai x

41

1.5

Biu chlnh t6n kho

DIol BOI TWaNG

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Hinh 5: MfJ Illnll DFD ciia xu ij "Kiim tra dUlldijt Ilcuzg"

2. Ki~m tra ddn d~t hang

'\
1E0

KHA.CH

2.1

2.2 Bdn d~thang Ki~m tra khach hang Khach hangmdi

2.3 Nh~p thOng tin khach hang moi

E2 KRAcH HAN/

ViEt ddn d~t hang

Khach hang cu

2.4 Ki~m tra ten san pMm

1E2 j SANPHAM

Ten
SP
sai

Ten SP
dung

2.6
Thon)l baa

2.5
:\d vltdt qui djnh
---~ ~

--

Gdi thOngbao

Ki~m tra c6ng n<;1

iDS I CONGNQ

Bdn d~t han~

{~6ID.DATHANG

Mile ph an ra eua xU' Iy "KitSm ITa don d~t hang" kh6ng co cae kho dii' li~u rieng IDa sU'dl;mg c.t,c: Kho dii' li~u chung: khach hang, San phclm, cong nr; va dan dgt hang. Tht;tethtSben ngoai: Khach hang

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Ph'an xii'ly dU<;1C ra thanh 6 xii'ly nho han: phan 1. Khach hang vie't don d~t hang. 2. Kim tra khach hang tren don d~t hang da co chua? 3. C~p nh~t cac thong tin v'e khach hang, ne'u la khach hang maio 4. Kim tra xem cac ten san phfim ghi tren don d~t hang co dung hay khong? . 5. Kim tra khach hang co n<;1u<;1t s6 ti'en qui dinh hay khong? v qua 6. Gdi thong baa tra l~i don d~t hang cha khach, ne'u khach hang ghi sai ten san phfim ha~c s6 n<;1a vu<;1t quy dinh. d qua

ffinh 6: Mfj hinh DFD cua xii Ii "Kiim tra kIlO va giao hang"
3. Ki6m tra kho va giao hang

D6

IB. BAT HANG

TON KHO

EJJ-Iang

3.1

3.4

3.3 Biu chinh kho va l~p phie'u xua'tkho

Ki6mtra bOadon va IBBBM~I giao hang ~p tan kho

Khong dtl hang xu!;'t

E1 TONG CONG TY

.:>.-

'")

HOA DCiN

Vie't pbjeu d n"bj . c xua't kho

Dsl CONG N<}

E2

KRAcH HANG

H6a don + hang h6a

Xli'19"Ki~m tra kho va giao hang" duQc tie'n tanh bdi 4 xli'19nha: 1. Ki~m tra s61uQng tan kho. 2. Bi-eu chinh s61uQng kho va l~p phie'u xuit. 3. L~p hoa ddn

lien tanh giao hang cho khach.

4. Vie't phie'u d-enghi xuit hang gdi v-e tang ~6ng ty trong truong s6 luQng hang d chi nhanh kh6ng dd d~ giao. .

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Cac xli' 19 nay khong dung kho diI li<$ufieng ma chung se lac dQng dtn cac: Kho diI li<$uchung: Don d{jt hang, phitu xwl't, t8n kho, h6a don va cong nq. Tht1c th~ bell ngoai: T6ng cong ty va khach hang. Chung ta da ph an fa 3 xli' 19 cua mo hlnh tang quat, tfong 2 xii' 19 con I~i thi xii' 19 "L~p cac baa cao ve nh~p xuat kho va qUail 19 cong nQ" chi Ia vi<$ctang hQp thong ke cac thong tin d'au vao lien chung ta khong c'an phai phan fa chi titt them. Rieng mo hinh ph an fa cua xli' 19 "Theo d6i cong nQ cua khach hang" thi duQc chia thanh 3 xli' 19 nho: 1. Khach hang nQp lien. 2. Vitt phitu thu. 3. C~p nh~t cong nQ ciia khach hang. Cac xli' 19 nay lac dQng dtn: Kho diI li<$uchung: cong nq va Phie'u thu. Tht1c th~ ngoai: Khach hang ffinh 7: Mo hillh DFD ciia xiiii' "Theo doi collg m! ciia kluicll hilllg"
4. Thea d6i cong nd cua Khach halHT '\

4.1 E2 'RHAcH HANG ,NQp tih \.

-

4.2

Vie't
phie'u thu

PHrEU THU

Phie'u tllU

4.3

<>,1\

qp nh~t cong n~

1DSI CONGNQ

"-

./

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3. Nhfi'ng h~n che' cua phuong phap DFD va huang khiic ph\lc Qua cae ph'an trlnh bay lIen chung ta c6 mQt vai daub gia v'e phuong phap DFD nhu sail: Uu diim T~o duc;icmQt co sd thang nhfft cho vi~c th~ hi~n mQt h~ thang thong tin, giup cho vi~c traG d6i thong tin giii'a phan rich vien - ngudi sli' dl.;lllg,giii'a phan rich vien - l~p trlnh vien trd nen d~ dang, nguai sli' dung c6 th~ hlnh dung ra Gong

vi~c cila hQ va cae moi lien h~. B~ng cach sit d~ng cac hlnh anh trl;I'c quail n6 giup vi~c th~ hi~n mQth~ thang thong tin duc;icthl;I'c hi~n d~ dang, thong doi hoi ngudi dung phai lieu tan nhi'eu thai gian cho vi~c hi~u bie't n6. Khuye'tdiim Tuy c6 mQt vai quy udc chi phai vi~c ke't nai cac doi tuc;ingtrong mo hlnh, nhung ph'an ldn d'eu mang tinh trl;I'c quail, thie'u cac co Sd ly lu~n ch~t che, thong c6 mQt quy lu~t naG chi phai so luc;ingcling nhu nQi dung cila cac dong dii' li~u VaGva dong dii' li~u ra clla mQtdai tltc;ing,ching h~n trong mo hlnh "nh~p hang VaGchi nhanh" d trang 15 ne'u chung ta ve them cac dong dii'li~u 1.1 -7 D3, 1.1 ~ D10 va 1.1-7 1.4 thl dl.tdig6c dQ cu phap cac dong dii' li~u nay d'eu hc;iP1~, nhung v'e phuong di~n ngii'nghia thl cae dong dii'li~u nay thong c6 thl;I'c.
Khi dQc mQt mo hinh DFD chung ta d~ dang hlnh dung dong dii' li~u di chuy~n nhlt the' naG, nhl.tng do thong c6 nhii'ng quy dinh ch~t che d~ di~n giai cho dung cac dong dii' li~u ra va nhii'ng quy lu~t chi phai cac mai quail h~ giii'a _cacdong dii' li~ll VaGva cae dong dii' li~u ra clia mQt daitltc;ing, nen rfft kh6 )Cae dinh cae moi quail h~ ton t~i trong h~ thong d~ tie'n hanh ki~m tra trong giai

do~n di d~t. Vi d~: dai vdi xli'ly 2.2 trong mo hlnh "Ki~m tra don d~t hang" a trang 16 chung ta thong th~ xac dinh duc;icmai quail h~ giii'a hai dong dii' li~u VaG 2.1-7 2.2, D1 -7 2.2 va hai dong dii'li~u ra 2.2 -7 2.3,2.2 -7 2.4 la gl? Vi thong xac dinh duc;iC mai quail h~ trong mo hlnh, nen thong th~ thl;I'C cac hi~n vi~c ki~m tra d~ xac dinh tinh dung diln clia mo hlnh. Do d6 c6 th~ dftn tdi cae sai l'am khi dlta h~ thang VaGtri~n thai ap dl;lllg. Kh6 khan khi xem xet sl;I' o(;ltdQng va tr(;lngthai hi~n t~i clla h~ thang khi h c'anthie't,ching h~n1hi xem sl;I' ho~t dQng clia h~ thong "Quan ly ban hang", thi m6i ngudi se hinh dung sl;tho~t dQng clia h~ thong rhea cach rieng clia minh, chlithong c6 mQt cach thuc, mQtphuong phap th~ hi~n chung, ma mQinguai khi

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nhin vao d6 d~u hiu duQc sl1ho~t dQng va tr~ng thai cua h~ thong dff dil3n ra nhu the' nao. Hudng khiic phc TIm kie'm mQt ma hinh c6 ca sd Iy thuye't ch~t che, c6 th xay dl1ngh~ thong chuang trinh d till kie'm cac moi quail h~ tan t~i trong h~ thong, LIen ca sd cac quail h~ till duQc ke't hQp vdi cac t~p dli li~u mftu thl1Cte' d kim ITama hinh, ngoai ra thl1c hi~n vi~c giii I~p sl1ho~t dQng cua ma hinh d xem xet sl1 ho~t dQngcua cac doi tuQng trong ma hinh. Vdi huang giiii quye't nhu uoen,cang vi~c tie'p theo la xay dl1ng cac lu~t dftn xufit d chuyn cac quy udc ky hi~u cua ma hinh DFD sang ma hinh mdi, thl1c hi~n till kie'm cac moi quail h~ tan t~i trong ma hinh mdi, tir d6 phan anh nguQc I~i cac moi quail h~ leu ma hinh DFD, dang thai dl1avao chung d kim tra ma

hinhDFD.

Tren co sd yell c'au d~t ra nhu the', m~ng PeuoiduQc xay dl1ng LIen co sd loan hQc ch~t che, cling vdi cac thai ni~m (cac khai nifm nay sl! du(jc gidi thich J chuang sau): place, transition rfit giong cac doi tuQng: thl1c th ngoai, tho dli li~u, xli' Iy cua ma hinh DFD. Han the' nlia cac thai ni~m: bitt bitn, kh6ng gian trqmgthai duQc th hi~n dudi d~ng cac cang thlic loan hQCse Ia cac cang c~ giup chung ta till kie'm cac moi quail h~ va th hi~n tr~ng thai cua h~ thong. Nhu v~y m~ng Petri Ia ma hinh tot nha't giup chung ta giai quye't cac va'n d~ kh6 khan trong ma hinh DFD. Trudc khi ling d~ng m~ng Petri d giai quye't cac va'n d~ lieU LIen, chung ta c'andi vao chuang 2 d till hiu m~ng Petri mQt cach r6 rang bon.

4\

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