BOLGATANGA POLYTECHNIC DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS STATISTICAL COMPUTING Assignment sheet 2011/2012 academic year One-way anova CRD (1)

A producer of house paints wants to compare the brightness factor of his paint using four different emulsions. Five boards are painted with each type of emulsion and the the rating given to each is shown in the table. EMULSION 2 3 69 83 52 79 62 85 61 78 60 75

BOARDS 1 2 3 4 5

1 79 82 57 79 83

4 75 78 78 73 71

a. At the 1 percent level, does it appear that a difference in mean rating exists? b. Test for differences and determine if there is one type the producer should use or avoid using. CRD (2) The compressive strength of concrete is being studied, and four different mixture techniques are being investigated. The following data have been collected.

MIXING TECHNIQUE 1 3129

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (PSI) 3000 2865 2890

2 3 4

3200 2800 2600

3300 2900 2700

2975 2985 2600

3150 3050 2765

Test the hypothesis that mixing techniques affect the strength of the concrete. Use alpha = 0.01. CRD (3) An electronics engineer is interested in the effect on tube conductivity of five different types of coating for cathode ray tubes in a telecommunication system display device. The following conductivity data are obtained. COATING TYPE 1 2 3 4 5 143 152 134 129 147 141 149 133 127 148 CONDUCTIVITY 150 137 132 132 144 146 143 127 129 142

a. Is there any difference in conductivity due to the coating types? Use alpha = 0.05
b. Use the Bonferroni method with alpha = 0.05 to analyse the means of the five different

levels of coating types. CRD (4)

The table below gives the mean serum cholesterol levels (given in milligrams per deciliter) by race and age in country A between the 1978 and 1980

AGE RACE HISPANIC WHITE BLACK 20 24 180 180 171 25 34 199 199 199 35 44 217 217 218 45 54 227 227 229 55 64 229 230 223 65 74 221 222 217

Test at the 0.01 level whether the true mean cholesterol levels for all races in the country between 1978 and 1980 are the same. CRD (5) The following information was obtained from two independent samples selected from two

normally distributed populations with unknown but equal standard deviations. Do the data present sufficient evidence at the 1% significance level to indicate that there is a difference in the mean for the two populations? Sample 1 Sample 2 15 18 13 16 11 13 14 21 10 16 12 19 7 15 12 18 11 19 14 20 15 21 14

CRD (6) The table below gives mean CAT scores for math by schools for 2010 and 2011 for 20 randomly selected schools in the upper east region. The actual names of the schools are used. Name of School A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P 2010 523 498 539 487 561 509 560 496 507 515 539 469 475 512 520 510 2011 525 509 555 498 576 525 571 502 499 526 585 493 482 517 568 518

The upper east regional director of education reported that student performance in mathematics has decreased from 2010 to 2011. As the statistician, test this claim and report to the administration whether or not this claim is true. Use alpha = 0.05.

LATIN SQUARE DESIGN

L1
As marketing director, you are interested in comparing the revenue of three brands good, better, best of electric forks your firm sells. To do so, you want to correct for the area of the country in which the store is located, and the type of store at which the sale was made. Your assistant collects the data for monthly sales in hundreds of dollars presented in the table below. Conduct the test yourself and inform the assistant of the findings. Set alpha at 1 percent.

STORE Discount Convenience Mall

NORTHEAST Good (4.2) Better (7.3) Best (8.0)

AREA SOUTHEAST Better (9.0) Best (11.1) Good (9.4)

MIDWEST Best (12.9) Good (11.3) Better (10.7)

L2
A researcher collects data on faculty salaries to determine whether there is a difference in the mean incomes of those in business, the social sciences, and the natural sciences. She must eliminate the extraneous effects of rank and size of school. Using the information seen here for salaries in thousands of Ghana Cedis, what do you suppose are her results? Set alpha at 1 percent and interpret.

RANK Assistant Professor Associate Professor Full Professor

SMALL 1 Bus (65) SS (72) NS (82)

SIZE MEDIUM SS 2(60) NS (81) Bus (73)

LARGE NS (78) Bus (79) SS (79)

3

L3
A producer of metal wires wants to compare the tensile strength of wire made with three different chemical mixes: A, B and C. it is necessary to control for the type of oven used to fire the mix, and the temperature at which it was fired. Using the
1

Business Social Science Natural Science

data below, what conclusion can you reach for the producer? Set alpha at 1 percent.

Oven 1 2 3

Low A (40) B (70) C (20)

Temperature Medium B (42) C (19) A (51)

High C (18) A (45) B (27)

L4 The DVLA wishes to determine if the mean driving time is the same for three different routes. The traffic director for DVLA feels that it is necessary to correct for weather conditions as well as the proficiency of the drivers. Three levels of weather conditions are identified: poor, fair, and good. Three drivers with varying abilities are selected and each covers all three
routes under each of the three weather conditions. The results are reported in a Latin square shown here. Note that the Latin letters indicate the variables under examination in this case, routes. Times are recorded in minutes. What conclusions can you reach given alpha = 0.01.

Driver 1 2 3

Poor A (20) C (22) B (18)

Weather Fair C (18) B (10) A (9)

Good B (17) A (10) C (8)

L5
The effect of five different ingredients (A, B, C, D, E) on reaction time of a chemical process is being studied. Each batch of new material is only large enough to permit five runs to be made. Furthermore, each runs requires approximately 1 hours, so only five runs can be made in one day. The experimenter decides to run the experiment as a Latin square so that day and batch effects can be systematically controlled. She obtains the data that follow. Analyze the data from this experiment (use alpha = 0.05) and draw conclusions.

BATCH 1

1 A=8 B=7

DAY 3 D=1

4 C=7 E=3

2 3 4 5

C = 11 B=4 D=6 E=4

E=2 A=9 C=8 D=2

A=7 C = 10 E=6 B=3

D=3 E=1 B=6 A=8

B=8 D=5 A = 10 C=8

FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS F1 The yield of a chemical process is being studied. The two most important variables are thought to be the pressure and the temperature. Three levels of each factor are selected, and a factorial experiment with two replicates is performed. The yield data follow:

Temperature 150 160 170

200 90.4 90.2 90.1 90.3 90.5 90.7

PRESSURE 215 90.7 90.6 90.5 90.6 90.8 90.9

230 90.2 90.4 89.9 90.1 90.4 90.1

Analyse the data and draw conclusions. Use alpha = 0.05. F2 An article in Industrial Quality Control describes an experiment to investigate the effect of the type of glass and the type of phosphor on the brightness of a television tube. The response variable is the current necessary (in micro-amp) to obtain a specified brightness level. The data are as follows: Phosphor Type 2 300, 310, 295 260, 240, 235

Glass Type 1 2

1 280, 290, 285 230, 235, 240

3 290, 285, 290 220, 225, 230

a. Is there any indication that either factor influences brightness? Use alpha = 0.05.

b. Do the two factors interact? Use alpha = 0.05. F3 The percentage of hardwood concentration in raw pulp, the vat pressure and the cooking time of the pulp are being investigated for their effect on the strength of paper. Three levels of hardwood concentration, three levels of pressure and two cooking times are selected and the following data are obtained:

Percentage of hardwood concentration 2 4 8

Cooking time: 3.0 hours Pressure 400 196.6 196.0 198.5 197.2 197.5 196.6 500 197.7 196.0 196.0 196.9 195.6 196.2 600 199.8 199.4 198.4 197.6 197.4 198.1

Cooking time: 4.0 hours Pressure 400 198.4 198.6 197.5 198.1 197.6 198.4 500 199.6 200.4 198.7 198.0 197.0 197.8 600 200.6 200.9 199.6 199.0 198.5 199.8

Analyse the data and draw conclusions at the 10% significance level. F4 The quality control department of a fabric finishing plant is studying the effects of several factors on dyeing for a blended cotton/synthetic cloth used to manufacture shirts. Three operators, three cycle times, and two temperatures were selected, and three small specimens of cloth were dyed under each set of conditions. The finished cloth was compared to a standard, and a numerical score was assigned. The results are shown in the following table. State and test the appropriate hypothesis at the 10% significance level. TEMPERATURE 300O OPERATOR 2 3 1 27, 28, 26 31, 32, 28 24, 23, 28 34, 38, 39 33, 34, 35 37, 39, 35

CYCLE 40 50

1 23, 24, 25 36, 35, 36

350O OPERATOR 2 3 38, 36, 35 34, 36, 39 34, 38, 36 34, 36, 31

60

28, 24, 27

35, 35, 34

26, 27, 25

26, 29, 25

36, 37, 34

28, 26, 34

LINEAR REGRESSION LR1 Manatees are large, gentle sea creatures that live along the Florida coast. Many manatees are killed or injured by power boats. The table below gives data on power boat registrations (in thousands) and the number if manatees killed by boats in Florida in the years 1977 to 1990. Year Boats Manatees killed Year Boats Manatees killed i. 1977 447 13 1984 559 34 1978 460 21 1985 585 33 1979 481 24 1986 614 33 1980 498 16 1987 645 39 1981 513 24 1988 675 43 1982 512 20 1989 711 50 1983 526 15 1990 719 47

Identify the explanatory and response variables.

ii. Make a scatter plot of the number of manatees killed against the powerboats registrations iii. Describe the direction, form, and strength of the relationship between the variables. iv. State, clearly, the regression equation and use it to predict the number of manatees killed if the number of powerboats registered is 725,000. What name is given to this type of prediction? v. If the number of registered boats increases by 1000, what would be the expected effect on the number of manatees killed? LR2 The following data give the annual incomes (in thousands of dollars) and amounts (in thousands of dollars) of life insurance policies for eight persons.

Annual Income Life insurance Annual income Life insurance

55 171 81 200

53 188 56 175

72 177 89 148

82 195 63 199

50 191 66 152

56 162 63 161

65 180 90 178

83 179 60 192

63 180 55 133

i.

Does life insurance policy that an employ chooses depend on his/her annual income?

ii. State the least squares regression equation iii. What does the R2 in the model tells you? Non-parametric (McNemars Test) M1 A study was conducted to determine whether a major speech by the leader of a political party will affect the voting intensions of the public. 250 subjects were recruited and their voting intensions recorded before and after the speech. There were 130 subjects who intended to vote against the party before the speech, 45 (18% of the total) of them changed their voting intension towards favouring the party after the speech. There were 120 subjects who intended to vote for the party before the speech, 24 (9.6% of the total) of them changed their voting intension to against the party after the speech. What will be your conclusion on the effectiveness of the speech in changing the voting intentions of the public towards favouring the party? Use alpha = 0.05. M2 Two groups of voters were asked twice about their voting intention, before and after a television debate. 13 respondents changed their preference from Democracy to Autocracy while 7 respondents changed their preference from Autocracy to Democracy. Is the number of respondents changing similar in the direction from Autocracy to Democracy as in the other direction. The table below gives the full information on the respondents. Autocracy Democracy Total Autocracy 27 13 40 Democracy 7 28 35 Total 34 41 75

M3

EpiData EP1 The list of questions below is extracted from a survey to determine the relationship between the different assessments and the program of study of students in the Bolgatanga Polytechnic. The objective is to create a data entry form using EpiData for a data entry clerk who might not necessarily know the type of data requirements for each of the variables in the questionnaire. Design the entry form that accepts only legal values and for each variable. The type of data that each variable takes is indicated in italics after each question (Write on your answer booklet the code that restricts the user to enter only legal values for each question DEFINE DATA and CHECKS are required).
i.

Name of student (accepts all lower and upper cases and converts name to all caps uppercase characters) Program of study (two programs are included in the study-STA(1) & MKT(2). If a student chooses STA then EpiData skips MKT automatically and vice versa) Registration number (must contain 9 characters) Assignment score (must accept values between 0 and 20 inclusive) Mid-semester score (must accept values between 0 and 20 inclusive) Exam score (must accept values between 0 and 100 inclusive then calculates 60% of the raw exam score and places the answer in the same field replacing the original entry. Also calculates the total mark = assignment + midsem + 60% of exam score and places the result in total)

ii.

iii. iv. v. vi.

vii. viii.

Total (must not allow user to enter) Grade (must not allow user to enter. A student is considered as passed if the total mark is 50% or more. Use A = PASS, F = FAIL)

EP2