Unit 1 Test Bank 1 1.

A Maryland master placed the following newspaper advertisement in 1772 after Harry, his slave, had run away: "He has been seen about the Negro Quarters in Patuxent, but is supposed to have removed among his Acquaintances on Potomac; he is also well acquainted witha Negro of Mr. Wall's named Rachael; a few miles from that Quarter is his Aunt, and he may possibly be harbored thereabouts." Which of the following statements about conditions under slavery is best supported by the passage above? [x] Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations. [ ] Slaves frequently associated with free Black people [ ] Slaves commonly formed settlements of their own away from the plantations [ ] Slaves had no opportunity to develop their own culture and society [ ] Slaves lived entirely independently of their masters 2. The major purpose of England's mercantilist policy was to [ ] reduce the need for an overseas empire [ ] protect the infant industries of Englands young colonies [x] increase Englands prosperity [ ] open the Atlantic to free trade [ ] discourage other European powers from colonizing North America 3. Colonial cities functioned primarily as [ ] centers of light manufacturing [ ] places where most poor immigrants settled and worked as independent artisans [x] mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods [ ] places to which wage earners commuted from numerous surrounding communities [ ] centers where large scale financial and banking operations were conducted 4. In the eighteenth century, colonial Virginia and colonial Massachusetts were most alike in that both [ ] relied on the marketing of a single crop [ ] were heavily dependent on slave labor [ ] had an established Anglican church [ ] administered local government through justices of the peace [x] were royal colonies 5. The Halfway Covenant provided for which of the following? [x] The baptism of children baptized but unconverted Puritans [ ] The granting of suffrage to non church members [ ] The granting of full membership in the Congregational church to all New Englanders [ ] The posting of banns by engaged couples [ ] The expansion of women's power within the Congregational church 6. The system of indentured labor used during the Colonial period had which of the following effects? [x] It enabled poor people to seek opportunity in America 1

6. The system of indentured labor used during the Colonial period had which of the following effects? [x] It enabled poor people to seek opportunity in America [ ] It delayed the establishment of slavery in the South until about 1750 [ ] It facilitated the cultivation of cotton in the South [ ] It instituted social equality [ ] It enabled England to deport most criminals 7. Harvard College and Yale College were established primarily to [ ] preserve the traditions of classical scholarship [ ] encourage scientific advances [ ] train lawyers and doctors [ ] prepare young men for political leadership [x] ensure an adequate supply of ministers 8. Which of the following was true of a married women in the colonial era? [ ] She could vote as her husbands proxy in elections [ ] Her legal rights over her children were the same as those of her husband [ ] She was the prime beneficiary by law of her husbands estate [x] She generally lost control of her property when she married [ ] She would be sentenced to debtors prison for debts incurred by her husband 9. According to Brinkley, which of the following is true of New England families? [ ] males were encouraged to marry young to rid the family of a significant financial burden [ ] Puritans allowed for religious diversity in each town with the congregational church system [ ] while encountering serious legal restrictions, women were freer than their European counterparts [ ] the diseased environment and inadequate food supply resulted in smaller families and lower life expectancy than other regions [x] high infant mortality rates required New England to import more indentured servants than any other region 10. The North American colonies took advantage of Great Britain's policy of salutary neglect to [ ] establish a standing army [x] work out trade arrangements to acquire needed products from other countries [ ] establish religious freedom as a fundamental right [ ] make favorable territorial settlements with the French [ ] introduce the practice of slavery into the New World 11. In the seventeenth century, which of the following was true of slavery in British North America? [ ] It was prohibited only in Massachusetts and Connecticut [x] The number of slaves increased rapidly in the last quarter of the century [ ] Slaves officially accounted for more than thirty percent of the colonial population [ ] It was opposed by the Anglican church [ ] Most slaves lived on plantations with fifty or more slaves 12. Which of the following is a significant similarity in the early development of Jamestown and Plymouth? 2

12. Which of the following is a significant similarity in the early development of Jamestown and Plymouth? [ ] both were forced to resort to autocratic rule to become productive colonies [ ] both were settled as proprietary colonies [ ] private property and representative government were established early [x] both were settled by Puritans [ ] both were settled in low swampy areas resulting in significant attrition 13. Settlers who established the British colony in Virginia during the seventeenth century were primarily seeking to [ ] create a perfect religious commonwealth as an example to the rest of the world [ ] create a refuge for political dissidents [x] profit economically [ ] increase the glory of Great Britain [ ] recreate an Old World feudalistic society in the New World 14. Which of the following was true of the First Great Awakening? [ ] It was primarily a southern phenomenon [ ] Cotton Mather was one of its most famous preachers [ ] It primarily affected church congregations in towns and cities [ ] It was denounced by Jonathan Edwards [x] It resulted in divisions within both the Congregational and Presbyterian churches 15. Which of the following is true of early colonial contact with Native Americans? [ ] New England made a major attempt to eradicate the "praying towns" responsible for the pagan practices of Indian religion [ ] friendly Indians were often punished for hostile Indian actions [ ] the Pequot War ended all Indian resistance in New England [x] European diseases wiped out all Indian resistance [ ] the Pequot War led directly to Bacon's Rebellion 16. The Dutch settled New Netherland primarily to [ ] gain colonies to produce agricultural surpluses [ ] secure a refuge for the persecuted [ ] check the growth of English colonies in North America [x] expand their commercial and mercantile network [ ] secure naval supplies 17. In which of the following British North American colonies was slavery legally established in the early 1700s? [x] All the colonies [ ] The middle and southern colonies only [ ] The tobacco- and rice- growing colonies only [ ] The southern colonies only [ ] All the colonies except Pennsylvania and the New England colonies 18. In the United States, the Haitian rebellion of the 1790's prompted 3

18. In the United States, the Haitian rebellion of the 1790's prompted [ ] a military expedition of southern slaveholders to restore French rule in Haiti [ ] a movement of free African Americans to Haiti [ ] the passage of a federal law increasing the severity of punishments for slave rebellions [ ] the acquisition of Puerto Rico for colonization by emancipated slaves [x] an increased fear of slave revolts in the South 19. Which of the following was true of most Puritans who emigrated to seventeenth-century New England? [ ] They rejected the authority of the English king [ ] They intended to return eventually to England [ ] They approved of the Crown's religious policy [ ] They had renounced the Church of England [x] They considered themselves non-Separatists 20. Which of the following was true of the Northeast American Indian tribes at the time Europeans first began colonization? [ ] Their cultures made no distinction between mens work and womens work [ ] Their warriors rarely engaged in intertribal warfare [ ] Their populations were immune to European diseases [ ] Their economies depended entirely on hunting and gathering [x] Their political and linguistic differences hindered their united opposition to the Europeans 21. The primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to [ ] gain much-needed revenue [x] avoid conflict with the trans-Appalachian Indians [ ] provide a haven for Catholics [ ] drive out French colonists [ ] encourage westward colonial migration 22. By the 1750's, the British colonies on the North American mainland were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT [x] disdain for British constitutional monarchy [ ] acceptance of slavery as a labor system [ ] a growing number of non-English settlers [ ] many religious denominations [ ] a society without a hereditary aristocracy 23. Which of the following best explains why Massachusetts Bay officials banished Anne Hutchinson? [x] a. She challenged gender roles and Puritan orthodoxy [ ] b. She was found guilty of practicing witchcraft [ ] c. She preached the doctrine of predestination [ ] d. She gave birth to a child out of wedlock [ ] e. She opened an unlicensed tavern 4

24. Which of the following is true of the Southern colonies? [ ] tobacco provided investment capital which spurred industrial development [ ] representative governmental institutions were lacking [ ] the Puritan Church was established as the state religion [x] it lacked a large middle class [ ] the headright system burdened them with an over supply of labor 25. Which of the following colonies, in the 17th century, would have been the most ethnically diverse? [ ] Rhode Island [ ] Georgia [x] New York [ ] North Carolina [ ] Massachusetts

Unit 1 Test Bank 2 1. All of the following were associated with colonial Massachusetts EXCEPT [ ] Edmund Andros [ ] Peter Stuyvesant [ ] Anne Hutchinson [ ] John Winthrop [x] William Bradford 2. Which of the following is true of the slave system in eighteenth-century British North America? [x] Slaveowners gained increased legal power over their slaves [ ] All the southern colonies passed laws against freeing slaves [ ] The slave system was legal only in the southern colonies [ ] Most slaves worked on cotton plantations [ ] Indentured servants increasingly replaced slaves in southern colonies 3. Which of the following groups LEAST likely responded with enthusiasm to the religious fervor of the Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s? [ ] Presbyterians in the southern colonies [ ] Backwoods farmers isolated on the colonial frontier [ ] Itinerant preachers unable to find permanent parishes for themselves [ ] Landless sons in New England communities [x] Established merchants in cities like Boston and Philadelphia 4. According to Brinkley, the following are true concerning black African slavery EXCEPT [x] Bacon's Rebellion further stimulated the development of the institution of slavery in the British North American colonies [ ] the growth of colonial slavery resulted from improved economic conditions in England [ ] the end the Royal African Company's monopoly of the slave trade increased the supply of slaves in the colonies [ ] as late as 1755, four other ethnic groups made up a larger percentage of the population of the colonies than did Africans [ ] shortly after 1700, the legal system clearly distinguished slaves from indentured servants 5. Which of the following was a characteristic of colonial Pennsylvania? [x] There was no established church [ ] The office of governor was an elective post [ ] Poor farmland in the backcountry aggravated the colonies economic woes [ ] Founder William Penn endorsed a policy of removing American Indians to the western region of the colony [ ] All white males could vote 6. The Stono Rebellion and the New York conspiracy trials of 1741 revealed which of the following? [ ] The inability of newcomers to acquire fertile farmland [ ] Sectional divisions between northern and southern colonies 1

6. The Stono Rebellion and the New York conspiracy trials of 1741 revealed which of the following? [ ] The inability of newcomers to acquire fertile farmland [ ] Sectional divisions between northern and southern colonies [x] Resistance to slavery [ ] Overpopulation in urban areas [ ] Increasing resistance to taxation 7. A majority of the English migrants to the Chesapeake Bay area were [ ] wealthy gentlemen [ ] families with young children [x] indentured servants [ ] disfranchised Catholics [ ] merchants and craftsmen 8. Which of the following factors helped in the ultimate (long-term) survival of Jamestown? I.communal effort which placed public good before private good II.a deep sense of religious purpose in the charter of the colony III.political freedom and the recruitment of families IV.the introduction of slaves in 1619 [ ] III only [ ] I, II, III [ ] III, IV [x] All [ ] II, III 9. In the eighteenth century, British colonists wishing to settle west of the Appalachians were principally motivated by [ ] the comparatively small numbers of American Indians in the old Northwest [ ] freedom from the threat of Spanish authorities [ ] a desire to escape overcrowded cities along the Atlantic coast [x] the low price and easy availability of land [ ] promises of tax breaks for those willing to establish frontier settlements 10. The following are true of religion in the colonies EXCEPT [ ] separation of church and state was effected in all colonies prior to 1700 [ ] the Anglican Church was established as the official religion in most Southern colonies [x] the Congregational Church contributed to the development of political self-government [ ] Pennsylvania and Rhode Island exemplified religious freedom more than most other colonies [ ] the Great Awakening led to greater efficacy and an increased willingness to challenge authority 11. After the French and Indian War, British political leaders were determined to [ ] end slavery in the North American colonies [ ] encourage colonial expansion into the Ohio Valley by moving all American Indian peoples further west [x] require the North American colonies to pay a greater share of the empires administrative expenses [ ] strengthen the French colonial holdings in Canada and the northwest to discourage Spanish expansion 2

11. After the French and Indian War, British political leaders were determined to [ ] end slavery in the North American colonies [ ] encourage colonial expansion into the Ohio Valley by moving all American Indian peoples further west [x] require the North American colonies to pay a greater share of the empires administrative expenses [ ] strengthen the French colonial holdings in Canada and the northwest to discourage Spanish expansion [ ] convert all Catholic colonists to the beliefs of the Anglican Church 12. Which of the following events was the most critical in strengthening Englands position in North America? [ ] The Defeat of the Spanish Armada [x] The settlement of Puritans in Plymouth [ ] The establishment of the Church of England [ ] none of the answers are correct [ ] The introduction of the Church of England 13. Which of the following happened as a result of Bacon s Rebellion in 1676? [ ] Governor William Berkeley abolished Virginias House of Burgesses. [ ] Indentured servants received additional free land after fulfilling their terms of service. [ ] The king allowed Virginia colonists to select their own governor. [ ] Virginia passed new laws protecting workers rights. [x] Tensions between backcountry farmers and the tidewater gentry were exposed. 14. Mercantilism as applied by Britain to its North American colonies meant that the British government [ ] encouraged the colonists to trade with other foreign countries [ ] encouraged the colonies to become economically self-sufficient [x] regulated colonial shipping and tobacco production [ ] barred trade with American Indians [ ] subsidized colonial merchants 15. The Great Awakening of the 1740s led to [ ] an increase in attacks on American Indian peoples [x] splits among existing religious denominations and the rise of new churches [ ] the growth of religious conformity throughout all the colonies [ ] the establishment of Harvard College in Massachusetts [ ] the growth of hysteria in Massachusetts over witchcraft 16. Shays Rebellion reflected which of the following tensions in United States society during the 1780s? [x] Economic frustration of New England farmers who had trouble paying debts in hard currency [ ] Rivalries between merchants and ship builders in the Atlantic trade [ ] Conflict between Loyalist supporters of Great Britain and United States citizens [ ] State governments restrictions on westward expansion into the Ohio River Valley [ ] Concerns about increasing numbers of slaves in Massachusetts 17. The slaves who participated in the Stono rebellion in South Carolina in 1739 hoped to [ ] take over the colony and end slavery in it 3

17. The slaves who participated in the Stono rebellion in South Carolina in 1739 hoped to [ ] take over the colony and end slavery in it [ ] run away to join Maroon groups living in the backcountry [ ] return to Africa by commandeering boats [x] flee to Florida where the Spanish offered freedom [ ] escape to the North where they would be free 18. During the 17th century, the British government established Georgia to [x] create a defensive buffer from the Spanish settlers [ ] stop Native Americans from migrating to the Carolinas [ ] provide a religious haven for Jewish refugees [ ] encourage colonists to develop the lucrative tobacco industry [ ] prevent French merchants from smuggling goods into Florida 19. All of the following actions in the English colonies during the early colonial period suggest a tendency toward democracy EXCEPT [ ] Mayflower Compact [x] Dominion of New England [ ] Penn's Charter of Privileges [ ] Virginia House of Burgesses [ ] Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 20. Which of the following sources would be most useful in studying the development of religious freedom during the colonial period? [x] Act of Toleration [ ] Massachusetts Circular Letter [ ] Fundamental Orders of Connecticut [ ] John Locke's theory of natural law [ ] Halfway Covenant 21. The development of higher education in colonial America was largely the result of efforts by [ ] British government [ ] English universities [ ] wealthy patrons [ ] colonial governments [x] churches 22. "In the 1500s, Native Americans possessed a wide range of complex cultures." Each of the following gives evidence to support this statement EXCEPT [x] Native Americans' susceptibility to European diseases [ ] the Maya calendar [ ] the Maya's agricultural system [ ] the organization of Inca society [ ] the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan 4

22. "In the 1500s, Native Americans possessed a wide range of complex cultures." Each of the following gives evidence to support this statement EXCEPT [x] Native Americans' susceptibility to European diseases [ ] the Maya calendar [ ] the Maya's agricultural system [ ] the organization of Inca society [ ] the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan 23. Which of the following best describes the way Europeans treated Native Americans in the 1500s and 1600s? [x] Native Americans were regarded as inferior people subject to Christian domination [ ] Since nothing of value could be learned or obtained from the Native Americans, Europeans thought it was permissible to exterminate them [ ] European goods cultivated good relations with Native Americans and sought to make them economic partners [ ] Native American ways of life were respected [ ] Only the English believed that Native Americans should be treated fairly 24. Which of the following was the LEAST important factor behind European exploration and settlement in the 16th century? [ ] development of nation-states [ ] increase in scientific knowledge and technological change [ ] religious commitment [x] population increase [ ] competition for trade

Unit 1 Test Bank 3 1. By the end of the 16th century, all of the following were generally true about Spain's colonial empire EXCEPT [ ] New universities were spreading education and culture [x] Families continued to emigrate from Spain [ ] Great wealth was being sent back to Spain [ ] The Roman Catholic Church had great influence [ ] It was controlled by a bureaucracy in Madrid 2. The delay in founding English settlements in the Americas was the result of [ ] failure to develop trade with other nations [ ] weak English monarchs [ ] the lack of English territorial claims in the Americas [x] religious upheavals in England [ ] fear of Spain 3. The chief purpose of the headright and patroonship systems was to [ ] increase the population of the colonies [ ] encourage the settlement of diverse ethnic groups [x] provide an equitable system of land distribution [ ] control the philosophical makeup of the colonies [ ] rid England of large numbers of undesirables 4. The survival of the Jamestown colony can be most directly attributed to the [ ] management of the Virginia Company [x] development of a tobacco industry [ ] religious spirit of the settlers [ ] location of the settlement [ ] nobles' diligent search for gold 5. Which of the following sources would be most useful in studying the development of democratic institutions in the early colonial period? [ ] Columbus' journals [x] the Mayflower Compact [ ] the first chapter of the Virginia Company [ ] the Treaty of Tordesillas [ ] the Edict of Nantes 6. Which of the following statements is the most widely accepted description of Columbus' accomplishments? [ ] He discovered the New World [ ] His heroic deeds will always be respected by fair-minded American citizens [ ] He bears much of the blame for oppressing Native American peoples in North America [ ] He is responsible for most of the problems in the Americas during the colonial period [x] He started a permanent relationship between Europe and the Americas 1

6. Which of the following statements is the most widely accepted description of Columbus' accomplishments? [ ] He discovered the New World [ ] His heroic deeds will always be respected by fair-minded American citizens [ ] He bears much of the blame for oppressing Native American peoples in North America [ ] He is responsible for most of the problems in the Americas during the colonial period [x] He started a permanent relationship between Europe and the Americas 7. The issue of religion figured most prominently in the consideration of which of the following? [ ] Spain's support of Columbu's voyages [ ] discoveries by the Spanish conquistadores [ ] France's Indian policy [x] the establishment of Puritan colonies in Massachusetts [ ] the settlement of Jamestown 8. The issue of religious toleration figured prominently in the founding of colonies by all of the following EXCEPT [ ] Anne Hutchinson [x] James Oglethorpe [ ] Cecil Calvert [ ] William Penn [ ] Roger Williams 9. Which of the following documents would be most useful in examining the origins of constitutional government in colonial America? [ ] newspaper commentary on the Halfway Covenant [ ] the sermons of Puritan ministers [ ] political tracts concerning the Dominion of New England [x] the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut [ ] the correspondence of Sir Edmond Andros 10. Which of the following were characteristics of the New England colonies? I.a high degree of self-government existed early II.they relied heavily on a one-crop economy III.religious toleration was highly developed throughout the region IV.they were ethnically and religiously homogeneous [x] All [ ] I, III [ ] I, III, IV [ ] I, IV [ ] IV only 11. "Puritan intolerance of dissent led to the founding of a number of new colonies." The founding of which of the following does NOT support this statement? [ ] New Haven [ ] Portsmouth (Rhode Island) 2

11. "Puritan intolerance of dissent led to the founding of a number of new colonies." The founding of which of the following does NOT support this statement? [ ] New Haven [ ] Portsmouth (Rhode Island) [ ] Providence [x] New Hampshire [ ] Hartford 12. Roger Williams differed from other Puritan ministers in his emphasis on [ ] nonviolence [ ] the supreme authority of church leaders [ ] the value of consensus in church meetings [x] the individual's private religious conscience [ ] the study of the Bible 13. Which of the following was NOT a factor in the formation of the New England Confederation? [ ] conflicts over colonial boundaries [ ] the problem of defending against Indian attacks [ ] concern about runaway servants [x] a desire to suppress religious dissent [ ] neglect by the English government 14. The chief purpose of mercantilist polices was to [ ] foster stable relations between the Crown and the colonies [ ] defend the colonies from rival powers [ ] help colonies to be self-sufficient [ ] maintain tight control over the tobacco industry [x] strengthen the economy and power of the parent country 15. The establishment of the Dominion of New England was an attempt to [ ] add ethnic diversity to the colonies [x] force the colonies to take a greater role in governing themselves [ ] put an end the salutary neglect [ ] insure that religious toleration was practiced in all sections of the colonies [ ] punish the South for its support of the Restoration 16. William Penn's "Holy Experiment" included all of the following ideas EXCEPT [ ] religious toleration [x] the Bible as religious authority for all [ ] fair treatment of Native Americans [ ] a refuge for Quakers [ ] nonviolence 17. In the mid-18th century, all of the following were generally true about slavery in the British colonies EXCEPT 3

17. In the mid-18th century, all of the following were generally true about slavery in the British colonies EXCEPT [ ] Slaves accounted for about half of the population of Virginia [ ] There were more slaves than indentured servants in the southern colonies [x] It was strongly opposed in New England [ ] Colonial laws gave slavery a permanent legal status [ ] Planters thought it provided a more dependable labor supply than other options 18. The Great Awakening was a reaction to [x] churches' earlier failure to take account of people's emotional needs [ ] guilt over the evils of slavery [ ] established churches in many of the colonies [ ] the overly strict teachings of the Church of England [ ] the flood of immigrants 19. Preachers of the Great Awakening focused on the importance of [ ] the sovereignty and power of God [ ] the consequences of leading a sinful life [ ] repenting of one's sins in order to be saved from eternal damnation [x] all answers are correct [ ] looking to the Bible as the final source of authority 20. The Great Awakening had all of the following consequences EXCEPT [ ] a belief that common people could make their own decisions [ ] decline in the authority of Protestant ministers [ ] a feeling of shared experience among colonists in different regions and of different national origins [ ] increased emotionalism in church services [x] reduced competition among Protestant sects 21. Which of the following is true of immigration to the colonies during the first half of the 18th century? [x] Most immigrants came from continental Europe [ ] A sizable minority of immigrants had no freedom of choice in coming to the colonies [ ] Most immigrants settled in New England [ ] The English government tried to discourage immigration [ ] Most immigrants worked for low wages in cities along the eastern seaboard 22. In the 18th century, all of the following were generally true about colonial society in America EXCEPT [ ] The English language and English traditions were dominant [ ] Voters played an active role in government [x] It was impossible for individuals to better themselves economically or socially [ ] A degree of religious toleration could be found in each colony [ ] There were few poor people and no real aristocrats 23. At his trial, John Peter Zenger won acquittal on the grounds that [ ] the king had less authority in the colonies than in England 4

23. At his trial, John Peter Zenger won acquittal on the grounds that [ ] the king had less authority in the colonies than in England [x] truth could not be libel [ ] English law permitted the press almost total freedom [ ] libel laws did not apply to government officials [ ] New York's governor deserved to be criticized 24. Which of the following did the colonies lack? [ ] sufficient markets for colonial timber and naval stores [x] an adequate monetary system [ ] an adequate supply of slave labor [ ] good harbors and rivers for transportation [ ] the ability to import goods from England 25. Which of the following statements accurately describes the governments of ALL 13 colonies in the mid-18th century? [ ] Members of the governor's council were elected [x] One house of the legislature was elected by eligible voters [ ] The government assisted an established church [ ] The governor had nearly dictatorial power [ ] The governor was appointed by the king

Unit 1 Test Bank 4 1. "Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of the multitalented colonial American." Each of the following could be used to support this statement EXCEPT [ ] Poor Richard's Almanack [ ] founding of a nonsectarian college [ ] experiments with electricity [ ] invention of the bifocal lenses [x] military leadership 2. Which of the following best represents the "new man" described by Crevecoeur? [ ] an indentured servant recently arrived from France [ ] an adult slave on a South Carolina plantation [ ] a native-born Pennsylvania merchant [x] a German-speaking farmer on the frontier [ ] a royal governor of Virginia 3. Civilizations in the Americas before the arrival of Columbus [ ] were substantial cultures with superior technology compared to Europe [ ] were only small bands of hunters and gatherers [ ] were nomadic tribes used horses for hunting [x] included elaborate and sophisticated cultures that rivaled those of Europe [ ] had no written language, public buildings, or agriculture 4. Which of the following is true of the Southern colonies? I. organized religion suffered because of low population densities II. their one crop economy gave them a superior economic position III. it was the least industrialized of the colonial regions IV. education was valued as the prime means of social mobility [x] all [ ] I, II, III [ ] II, III, IV [ ] I, III, IV [ ] I, III 5. Which of the following were brought from America to Europe? [x] potatoes [ ] bananas [ ] horses [ ] cattle [ ] sugar cane 6. Which of the following is true of colonial New England? 1

6. Which of the following is true of colonial New England? I.parochial education dominated there II.it was the least mercantilistic of the sections III.a diverse settlement pattern made possible the development of industry IV.limited natural harbors forced heavy reliance on agriculture [ ] II only [ ] II, III [ ] I, III [x] All [ ] none 7. Groups in English society sought colonies in the Americas for all of the following reasons except [ ] to expand trade routes [ ] to further mercantile goals by gaining wealth [ ] to acquire raw materials for manufacturing enterprises [x] to convert natives to Catholicism [ ] to search for refuge from repressive religious persecution 8. Europeans in Central and South America relied on all of the following systems for meeting their labor needs except [ ] a system by which Indian labor was licensed by the king to work on large estates [ ] a restrictive wage system where Indians were unable to leave their jobs without consent of their employers [x] slaves from Africa [ ] Indians used as slaves by the Spanish and Portuguese 9. The Coureurs de Bois relationships with Indians differed from the English because [ ] there were so many French immigrants that the Indian population was overwhelmed [ ] they did not respect Indian culture and subjugated them ruthlessly [ ] they did not wish to trade with Indians for furs but stole pelts during a series of wars [ ] like the conquistadors, the Coureurs used brutal methods to convert Indians to Christianity [x] they formed successful partnerships with Indians by becoming a part of native society and intermarrying 10. A principle of the economic theory of mercantilism was that [ ] government should not be involved in a nation's economy [x] centralized control of the economy was essential to increasing a nation's wealth [ ] the world's wealth increased as the population grew [ ] importing goods from other countries would conserve a nation's resources and make it wealthier [ ] free trade and the market system would increase a country's productivity 11. An assumption that the English learned in Ireland and brought to their American settlement was [x] English colonial settlements must remain separated from native populations [ ] Irish loyalty to the Catholic Church was not an obstacle to their becoming members of the British Empire [ ] that the Irish fought bravely and in a civilized manner [ ] Irish culture and language could be adopted by English settlers [ ] native populations were civilized and sophisticated and should be treated with respect 2

11. An assumption that the English learned in Ireland and brought to their American settlement was [x] English colonial settlements must remain separated from native populations [ ] Irish loyalty to the Catholic Church was not an obstacle to their becoming members of the British Empire [ ] that the Irish fought bravely and in a civilized manner [ ] Irish culture and language could be adopted by English settlers [ ] native populations were civilized and sophisticated and should be treated with respect 12. The first permanent English settlement in North America was [ ] Newfoundland [x] Jamestown [ ] New Amsterdam [ ] Roanoke Island [ ] Quebec 13. One of the problems in Jamestown that led to a high mortality rate in the early years was [ ] the family groups were more susceptible to disease than single male settlers [ ] the settlement lay outside the territory of the helpful Powhatan tribe [ ] the initiation of the Headright system, which promoted private property and migration of skilled workers [x] the cultivation of the staple crop tobacco for trade instead of grain [ ] Captain John Smith's lack of leadership and inability to impose order and discipline on the settlers 14. The immediate event that sent the Virginia Company into bankruptcy and prompted James I to revoke its charter in 1624 was [ ] the introduction of African labor to the colony [ ] John Rolfe's marriage to Pocahontas [ ] the creation of the House of Burgesses [ ] the "starving time" when a vast majority of the settlers died [x] savage Powhatan attacks on the settlement 15. All of the following individuals were involved in colonization of the Chesapeake EXCEPT [ ] Cecilius Calvert [ ] Opechancanough [ ] Sir William Berkeley [ ] John Rolfe [x] John Winthrop 16. The Calvert family adopted the Toleration Act in 1649 [ ] because Catholics found Protestants friendly and helpful [ ] because indentured servants refused to join the Catholic Church [ ] because warfare between Indians and settlers was destabilizing the colony [x] because Protestants quickly outnumbered Catholics in the colony [ ] because the Calverts decided to abandon the original goal of providing a refuge for Catholics 17. The main reason for conflict between Native Americans and European settlers in the early English colonies was 3

17. The main reason for conflict between Native Americans and European settlers in the early English colonies was [ ] diseases contracted by the English from Native Americans [ ] the Native American alliances with the French [ ] expansion by the Indians on established English settlements [x] population pressures on the English settlers to expand westward [ ] little exchange of agricultural methods and crops 18. All of the following contributed to a foundation of democratic government in America EXCEPT the [ ] House of Burgesses [ ] Maryland Act of Toleration [x] Dominion of New England [ ] Mayflower Compact [ ] Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 19. Resentment of a powerful coastal ruling class by western farmers, and Indian attacks, instigated [ ] John Coode's Rebellion [x] Bacon's Rebellion [ ] the founding of Rhode Island [ ] Leisler's Rebellion [ ] the Pequot War 20. Puritan theology included a belief that [ ] every individual contained an "inner light" that could lead to salvation [ ] good works and faith would lead to salvation [ ] the Bishop would chose ministers for each church [x] God chose who was saved before they were born [ ] man was innately good, and free from sin 21. Slavery emerged in the Chesapeake region [ ] when cotton became the primary crop in the region [ ] when colonists emulated the Barbadian plantation system [ ] when colonists learned that Indians made poor servants [x] over time as labor demand increased and the flow of indentured servants decreased [ ] upon the first arrival of Africans at Jamestown in 1619 22. A leader in establishing the principle of religious freedom and diversity in America was [ ] Jacob Leisler of New York [ ] King Philip of Massachusetts [x] Roger Williams of Rhode Island [ ] William Berkeley of Virginia [ ] John Winthrop of Massachusetts 23. Spanish and French colonization patterns differed from those of the English by [ ] sponsoring large numbers of emigrants to settle in North America 4

23. Spanish and French colonization patterns differed from those of the English by [ ] sponsoring large numbers of emigrants to settle in North America [ ] settling around areas already occupied by Indians so there was little contact [x] including Indians in their society and intermarrying with them [ ] sending large armies to America to subdue the hostile Indians [ ] respecting native religion and making no attempt at conversion to Christianity 24. The Half-way Covenant was designed to [ ] establish a theocratic basis for government in Massachusetts Bay [ ] promote religious freedom in the colonies [ ] permit New England some freedom to operate outside the mercantile system [ ] ease the problem of declining church attendance and greater demand for political freedom [x] increase colonial dependence on England 25. The contention that colonial events were directly influenced by actions and events in England is illustrated by which of the following correctly paired events? [ ] John Locke's political philosophy--Fundamental Orders of Connecticut [ ] persecution of Roman Catholics in Ireland--Maryland Toleration Act [x] the Glorious Revolution--Leisler's Rebellion [ ] Dutch and English commercial rivalry--Penn's Charter of Liberties [ ] restoration of Charles II--Founding of Georgia

Unit 1 Test Bank 5 1. The Trade and Navigation Acts were designed to do which of the following? I.improve England's balance of trade II.ensure enumerated commodities would be shipped only from the colonies to England III.encourage the use of English ships and English crews IV.force the colonies to fit into the mercantilistic mode [ ] II, III, IV [x] all [ ] I, IV [ ] I, II, III [ ] II, III 2. The labor force in colonial America included which of the following over the course of the early eighteenth century? I. African slaves II. indentured servants III. free labor from continental Europe IV. women began to assume male working roles V. Indians were forced to work for colonists [ ] I, III, IV [x] I, II, III [ ] II, III [ ] I, IV, V [ ] I, III 3. The colonial population changed during the first half of the eighteenth century for all of the following reasons EXCEPT [ ] Huguenots emigrated from France to escape persecution [ ] German Protestants left Germany for Pennsylvania [ ] Scots-Irish arrived and settled close to the frontier? [x] the number of indentured servants from England increased as the English economy declined [ ] the flow of slaves from both Africa and the Caribbean increased 4. The Navigation Acts [ ] had more significance for trade on the frontier than on the coast [ ] hurt colonial trade by limiting trade excessively [ ] had a greater impact on coastwise trade in British North American than on its Atlantic trade [ ] were irksome because fo the great number of customs officials stationed in the colonies [x] helped the colonial economy by supporting shipbuilding and protecting trade from foreign competition 5. Which of the following regions is correctly matched with the products that region was known to produce? [ ] Middle colonies-timber, commercial farming of grain, commerce 1

5. Which of the following regions is correctly matched with the products that region was known to produce? [ ] Middle colonies-timber, commercial farming of grain, commerce [x] Carolinas-rice and indigo [ ] Chesapeake-tobacco, shipbuilding [ ] Georgia-trade, shipbuilding, indigo [ ] New England--shipbuilding, commercial farming of grain, livestock 6. Slavery in the plantation system [ ] provided labor for a majority of plantations and farms in the South [ ] did not specify that offspring of relationships between white masters and slave women would be slaves [ ] was harsh without exception and allowed few freedoms [x] provided for some flexibility and some slaves were able to buy their freedom [ ] trained slaves only for domestic work or field work in gangs 7. Which of the following was NOT true of the backcountry? [ ] it was generally more heterogeneous than the East [ ] formal education was not highly valued there [x] people were more socially conscious than in the East [ ] it was generally underrepresented in colonial assemblies [ ] the Great Awakening helped increase religious influence there 8. "New lights" during the Great Awakening [x] challenged traditional authority and divided congregations [ ] appealed mostly to older men and few women [ ] opposed the message of itinerant preachers such as George Whitefield [ ] pushed for a renewal of traditional Puritan religion [ ] embraced and combined scientific discoveries with religion 9. Great Awakener Jonathan Edwards strayed from Puritan orthodoxy in his belief that [ ] few would be saved and individuals could do nothing to affect their salvation [ ] God and ministers shared power to save sinners [ ] salvation was available to all and easy to gain [ ] bishops could determine who in the congregation would be saved [x] God's power was absolute, but one could work toward salvation although it was difficult to gain 10. Religious toleration developed in America because [ ] the king included it as one of the liberties contained in the colonies' charters [ ] most of the English settlers were Quakers who were both pacifists and very tolerant of others [x] so many immigrants with different religious backgrounds settled in America, it was impossible to impose a single religion [ ] Native American religious were pervasive and had to be accepted by all the colonies [ ] Puritans who fled persecution in England and migrated to America for religious freedom offered it to others 11. The 1692 witchcraft crisis in Salem illustrates 2

11. The 1692 witchcraft crisis in Salem illustrates [x] that the weak in society were open to persecution by the majority [ ] that religion played a small role in people's lives if they could believe in witchcraft [ ] that the Enlightenment and scientific revolution must have had little effect in New England [ ] the pervasive presence of witches and Satan in colonial Massachusetts [ ] demonstrable proof that witches existed 12. After the first few decades of settlement in British North America [ ] conflicts decreased because settlers came to accept the practice of buying land from the Indians [ ] the ratio of men to women remained extremely unbalanced as women continued to avoid settling in the wild American colonies [x] conflicts with Indians continued as settlers pushed westward and settled on lands claimed by Indians [ ] the trend for colonies to convert the royal colonies to charter colonies [ ] mortality remained high and immigration provided what population growth there was 13. Seaports became important centers in Colonial America for all of the following reasons EXCEPT [ ] wealth concentrated there because of commerce and trade [ ] they avoided all the problems of inland cities such as disease, crime, and poverty [x] institutions of learning tended to be established there [ ] they were centers of culture drawing cosmopolitan influences from England and Europe [ ] that markets centered there for products coming from inland and going to international markets 14. No concerted efforts were made to increase English control over its empire in America during the first half of the eighteenth century because [x] Parliament was focused on increasing its authority over the king [ ] the Albany Plan of Union exercised a good deal of authority over the colonies by the British government [ ] there were no threats to the colonies so tight control was not necessary [ ] rigorous enforcement of the Navigation Acts maintained a British presence in America [ ] the colonial assemblies were weakened and posed no threat to imperial authority 15. Which of the following most nearly describes early attempts at colonial unity? [x] they arose sporadically when conditions warranted [ ] the colonies generally welcomed the idea of giving up power for the good of the colonies as a whole [ ] differences over religion were always the key stumbling block to colonial unity [ ] they quickly grew to an imposing super-structure that stifled individual colonial assemblies [ ] proposals for colonial unity were always imposed by England and therefore unacceptable 16. The change in William Pitt's strategy that finally led to victory in the French and Indian War was [ ] confiscation of goods from colonists without compensation [ ] encourage the colonies to unite in the formation of a single fighting force supported by uniform taxes throughout the colonies [x] devoting more financial resources and soldiers to the war in America [ ] reorganization of the colonial militia so that it better integrated with British regulars [ ] forced enlistments of colonial soldiers in the areas where fighting the French was taking place 3

16. The change in William Pitt's strategy that finally led to victory in the French and Indian War was [ ] confiscation of goods from colonists without compensation [ ] encourage the colonies to unite in the formation of a single fighting force supported by uniform taxes throughout the colonies [x] devoting more financial resources and soldiers to the war in America [ ] reorganization of the colonial militia so that it better integrated with British regulars [ ] forced enlistments of colonial soldiers in the areas where fighting the French was taking place 17. As a result of the French and Indian War [ ] the French agreed to stay within the boundaries of Louisiana and Canada and not incite Indians to attack western British settlements [ ] the British regarded Americans as loyal subjects, good soldiers in the cause, and strong financial supporters of the war [ ] the French and the Indians agreed to a peace that lasted until the Revolutionary War [ ] the colonies were more dependent on Britain because they relied on English soldiers for protection [x] the colonists resented British interference in local affairs, and American militia noted marked differences between themselves and their English brethren 18. By the 17th century, Spain had [ ] swept across northern Africa and seized control of the slave trade [x] reached the height of its power and begun to decline [ ] pioneered new routes to the East Indies [ ] failed in its efforts to build a New World Empire [ ] monopolized the New World trade 19. Which of the following was NOT a religious dissenter in Massachusetts Bay? [x] William Bradford [ ] Anne Hutchinson [ ] John Davenport [ ] Roger Williams [ ] Thomas Hooker 20. A colony designated as a refuge for English Catholics was [ ] South Carolina [x] Maryland [ ] Pennsylvania [ ] Virginia [ ] North Carolina 21. English people came to the New World because of [ ] their dislike for the Church of England [ ] Both their dislike for the Church of England and Economic opportunity [ ] economic opportunity [x] All answers are correct [ ] overcrowding in English cities 4

21. English people came to the New World because of [ ] their dislike for the Church of England [ ] Both their dislike for the Church of England and Economic opportunity [ ] economic opportunity [x] All answers are correct [ ] overcrowding in English cities 22. The very first Americans [ ] were subsistence farmers [x] were nomadic wanderers [ ] predated Spain's arrival in the New World by only two centuries [ ] lived in permanent sites [ ] lived in South America 23. The creation of the Dominion of New England [x] increased the power of the governor of the area [ ] guaranteed direct control of the king over affairs in the New England colonies [ ] was largely a symbolic gesture [ ] allowed New England colonies to discuss common grievances [ ] increased democracy in the colonies 24. A major effect of the Stono Rebellion was [ ] an attempt by slave owners to lessen the horrors of the "middle passage" [x] harsher treatment of slaves n many parts of the south [ ] increased fortifications around several southern cities [ ] an increase in the number of slaves brought into the southern colonies [ ] the passage of legislation in southern assemblies calling for mandatory capital punishment for escaped slaves 25. The growth of colonial assemblies alarmed the British for all of the following reasons EXCEPT [ ] Governors appointed in Britain had little control over these assemblies in most colonies [ ] Assemblies holding the "power of the purse" could ultimately undermine British control [ ] At meetings of these assemblies anti-British feelings were expressed [ ] The assemblies occasionally ignored or resisted instructions from Great Britain [x] The assemblies increased democratic tendencies in the colonies

Unit 1 Test Bank 05 1. For the British, the major economic role of the American colonies was [ ] to produce raw materials such as lumber [ ] to produce manufactured goods the English did not want to produce [ ] to provide food and materials for other British colonies [x] to produce crops such as tobacco and to produce raw materials such as lumber [ ] to produce crops such as tobacco 2. What changes in the slave system of the southern colonies began in the 1730s? [ ] Under pressure from religious leaders, slave conditions in South Carolina became less oppressive [x] More slaves began to live and work on larger plantations [ ] The Dutch lost the monopoly on slave trading, thus increasing the number of slaves being brought into the Americas [ ] Conditions during the "middle passage" began to slightly improve [ ] A series of slave rebellions created much harsher treatment for slaves 3. Which of the following were results of the Great Awakening? I.increased numbers of denominations II.a decrease in respect for authority III.division of many sects into factions IV.a spread of religious intolerance [ ] II, III, IV [ ] I, III, IV [ ] I, II, III [ ] I, III [x] all 4. The trial of John Peter Zenger in 1735 contributed to the codification of which of the following principles in the Constitution? [ ] Taxation by elected representatives [x] Freedom of the press [ ] Checks and balances [ ] Separation of powers [ ] Freedom of religion 5. Harvard College was founded primarily to [ ] accomodate new movements in theology [ ] offer women a classical education [x] train Puritan ministers [ ] promote the study of science and technology [ ] give technical training to African Americans in the South 6. The French and Indian War resulted in all of the following EXCEPT 1

6. The French and Indian War resulted in all of the following EXCEPT [ ] France becoming the dominant power in North America [ ] extended territorial boundaries for England's North American possessions [ ] an increased financial burden on England [x] an end to British preoccupation with European affairs, allowing them to concentrate on controlling the colonies [ ] increased contempt colonists and the British felt toward each other 7. Which of the following best explains the witchcraft phenomenon that swept New England in the late seventeenth century? [ ] The Second Great Awakening had undermined many elements of the Puritan faith [x] Social strains were not being contained within Puritan commnities [ ] New england colonies were more superstitious than other colonies [ ] Polluted water caused physiological disturbances among young women in Massachusetts [ ] Conflicts with the Creeks and Seminoles caused widespread panic among Puritan settlers 8. The Albany Congress (1754) was significant because it [ ] passed a series of resolutions opposing the passage of the Quebec Act [ ] was the first effort by American women to win equal rights [ ] ended the French and Indian War [ ] formulated the first bill of rights in the colonies [x] proposed a colonial union for defense against the Indians 9. Which of the following statements about life in the colonial South is NOT true? [x] Gender ratios were relatively equal in the South [ ] The rivers were critically important to the regional economy [ ] Life expectancy was lower than in the New England colonies [ ] Patriarchal authority exerted far less control than in New England [ ] Disease took more lives than in the New England colonies 10. The heardright system [ ] made women in colonial New England subordinate to men in all legal matters [ ] gave farmers in New England a greater share of the town commons for each head of cattle they raised [ ] placed restrictions on the mobility of slaves in colonial Virginia [x] enabled wealthy property owners to acquire more land by paying the passage of indentured servants [ ] outlawed capital punishments for most criminal offenses in British North America 11. In 1676, Bacon's Rebellion signaled that [x] colonial governors struggled to contain domestic unrest [ ] supposedly docile, loyal slaves could, in fact, turn on their masters [ ] colonial taxes fell more heavily on eastern counties than western counties [ ] Nathaniel Bacon's extremist views were only supported by the younger sons of Virginia's wealthy planters [ ] excise taxes on whiskey were unpopular with western famers 2

12. Which of the following is true of the British North American colonies? I.they discouraged ethnic diversity from the start II.they relied more on agriculture and less on extractive pursuits than the Spanish colonies III.religious toleration increased relatively rapidly IV.institutions of self-government increased relatively rapidly [ ] I, II, III [x] all [ ] I, II, IV [ ] I, II [ ] II, III, IV 13. One difference between the Middle Colonies and the other British colonies in North America was that [x] residents of the Middle Colonies represented more diverse nationalities [ ] the Middle Colonies developed a primarily industrial economy [ ] no settlers in the Middle Colonies owned slaves [ ] the residents of the Middle Colonies had little interaction with native tribes [ ] the Middle Colonies outstripped their neighbors in the production of tobacco 14. Which of the following statements about the First Great Awakening is true? [ ] It strengthened the authority of established religious figures [ ] It founded most of its converts in commercial cities of the East Coast [ ] It led to the founding of new colonies in North America [ ] It cemented the ties between colonial governments and religious denominations [x] It splintered existing congregations and churches 15. The intent of British mercantile legislation before 1750 was to [ ] limit the growth of a merchant class in the colonies [ ] prevent the founding of new colonies west of the Appalachian mountains [x] promote favorable trade between Great Britain and its colonies [ ] cripple the colonial economy in North America [ ] give special trade privileges to its North American colonies 16. Many colonial assemblies imposed taxes to support official churches. All of the following colonies had established churches EXCEPT [x] Rhode Island [ ] New Hampshire [ ] Georgia [ ] Virginia [ ] Massachusetts 17. Hernando Cortes is significant to the history of North America because he [ ] became the first European to cross the Mississippi River [x] fought and eventually defeated the powerful Aztecs [ ] established friendly relations with the Iroquois Confederation [ ] explored the Great Lakes region 3

17. Hernando Cortes is significant to the history of North America because he [ ] became the first European to cross the Mississippi River [x] fought and eventually defeated the powerful Aztecs [ ] established friendly relations with the Iroquois Confederation [ ] explored the Great Lakes region [ ] established the first Franciscan mission in California 18. Which of the following statements is true about John Rolfe and his impact upon the economic development of colonial North America? [ ] He defeated the powerful Iroquois Confederation and opened the Great Lakes to white expansion [ ] He developed a highly successful ironworks in New Jersey that served as a model for other colonies [ ] He introduced a strain of cotton that Southern colonies began to grow [ ] He established a profitable shipping company that opened commerce with the West Indies [x] He experimented with tobacco cultivation, which soon became a profitable export 19. Which of the following was a scientific advancement made during the first half of the eighteenth century? [ ] Development of commercial fertilizers [ ] Pellagra remedy [ ] Steam engine [x] Inoculations against smallpox [ ] Discovery of antibiotics 20. The joint-stock company became the chief colonizing tool of England because [ ] it reduced the risk for each investor [x] it increased the amount of potential return for investors [ ] it combined the resources of investors from many different nations [ ] powerful kings and nationalistic sentiment had not yet developed in England [ ] it provided the military means necessary to successfully plant colonies in uncivilized areas 21. The circumstances surrounding King Philip's War (1676) suggest that [ ] Great Britain had to send troops to protect its colonists against the encroachments of French settlers [ ] colonial governors could not protect colonial commerce [ ] the colonists refused to share the costs of their own defense [x] New England settlers clashed with the native tribes over territorial expansion [ ] British colonists frequently raided Spanish settlements in North America 22. William Penn [ ] was expelled from the Massachusetts Bay colony for criticizing church leaders [ ] led farmers in a rebellion against a whiskey excise tax [x] founded a colony that extended a significant degree of religious toleration [ ] wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut [ ] won a pivotal victory when he led colonial troops against the French at Fort Duquensne in 1756 23. Which of the following colonial powers exercised the LEAST amount of control over the commercial and 4

23. Which of the following colonial powers exercised the LEAST amount of control over the commercial and political practices in its colonies? [ ] France [ ] Portugal [x] Great Britain [ ] Spain [ ] The Netherlands

24. This map shows European land claims in [ ] 1783 [x] 1689 [ ] 1713 [ ] 1763 [ ] 1500 25. In the early colonial period a "Separatist" was defined as a person who [ ] had served his apprenticeship [ ] earned his freedom after working for another person for four to seven years 5

25. In the early colonial period a "Separatist" was defined as a person who [ ] had served his apprenticeship [ ] earned his freedom after working for another person for four to seven years [ ] left the Massachusetts Bay Colony for religious freedom in Rhode Island [x] wished to break away from the impure Church of England [ ] left England to seek economic gain in the New World

Unit 1 Test Bank 7 1. Which of the following statements concerning the British colonial system prior to 1763 is NOT true? [ ] The colonial system was a secondary concern to Great Britain; British political attention focused more on the many struggles and changes within the British government from 1603 to the 1760s [ ] India was considered to be a more valuable colony than all the North American colonies [ ] The struggle of the British House of Commons for increased power provided a model for the lower houses of the colonial assemblies [x] Responsibility for governing and controlling the colonies rested clearly and completely in one part of the British government-the Board of Trade [ ] The emergence of a two-party system in British politics encouraged the acceptance of the concept of outspoken opposition to the government 2. William Penn and his followers believed in all of the following EXCEPT [ ] maintaining peaceful relations with Native Americans [ ] promoting equality for all men and women [ ] holding disdain for military service [ ] converting enslaved Africans to Christianity [x] allowing personal interpretation of Christian doctrines 3. The high wages enjoyed by colonial workers were primarily caused by [ ] laws against manufacturing [ ] the restrictions of the guild system [ ] monopolies granted by town councils [x] the existence of so much land [ ] the absence of competition from English craftsmen 4. The historian investigating the origins of slavery in the colonial period encounters little documentary evidence to establish the date when the two essentials of slavery--lifetime service and inherited status--first appeared. Even less information provides clues as to why black slavery was established. Which of the following has NOT been advanced as an explanation for the development of slavery in colonial America? [x] Black slavery in Great Britain as an example [ ] Need for labor [ ] Heathen status of blacks [ ] Prejudice toward blacks [ ] Inability of Indians to serve as a labor source 5. "At his entrance before the King, all the people gave a great shout. The queen of Appamatuck was appointed to bring him water to wash his hands, and another brought him a bunch of feathers, instead of a Towell, to dry them: having feasted him after their best barborous manner they could, a long consultation was held; but the conclusion was, two great stones were brought before Powhatan: then as many as could layd hands on him, dragged him to them, and thereon laid his head, and being ready with their clubs, to beate out his braines..." This passage is from [ ] William Bradfords The History of Plymouth Plantation 1

5. "At his entrance before the King, all the people gave a great shout. The queen of Appamatuck was appointed to bring him water to wash his hands, and another brought him a bunch of feathers, instead of a Towell, to dry them: having feasted him after their best barborous manner they could, a long consultation was held; but the conclusion was, two great stones were brought before Powhatan: then as many as could layd hands on him, dragged him to them, and thereon laid his head, and being ready with their clubs, to beate out his braines..." This passage is from [ ] William Bradfords The History of Plymouth Plantation [x] Captain John Smiths The General Historie of Virginia [ ] Cotton Mathers Memorable Providences Relating to Witchrafts and Possessions [ ] Tom Paines Common Sense [ ] Thomas Jeffersons Notes on Virginia 6. The majority of people came to America in the colonial period for which of the following reasons? [ ] TO gain political rights [ ] To pursue the cultural arts [ ] To avoid involvement in European wars [ ] To seek religious freedom [x] To seek economic gain 7. One of the characteristics of colonial America was frequent rebellions or uprisings against the political authorities. Which of the following was NOT an uprising in the colonial period? [ ] Bacons Rebellion [ ] Paxton Boys [x] Whiskey Rebellion [ ] Leislers Rebellion [ ] The Regulator Movement 8. Which was NOT a result of the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War)? [ ] Great Britain incurred high war costs [ ] Great Britain saw a need to tighten its administrative system [ ] Great Britain made a decision to reinvigorate the mercantile system [x] Great Britain gained Louisiana [ ] France lost Canada 9. The result of salutary neglect on the colonies was [x] the development of an economy in the Southern colonies that was independent of Great Britain's [ ] a series of 18th century colonial wars [ ] dominant royal governors drawn form the ranks of the military [ ] development of a colonial expectation of self-rule [ ] religious intolerance 10. The British parliament enacted which of the following to enforce mercantilist theories? [ ] Stamp Act, 1765; Quebec Act, 1774; Olive Branch Petition, 1775 [ ] The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1638; Act of Toleration, 1649; Navigation Act, 1651 2

10. The British parliament enacted which of the following to enforce mercantilist theories? [ ] Stamp Act, 1765; Quebec Act, 1774; Olive Branch Petition, 1775 [ ] The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1638; Act of Toleration, 1649; Navigation Act, 1651 [x] Navigation Act, 1651, Enumerated Commodities Act, 1660; Staple Act, 1663 [ ] Half-Way Covenant, 1662; Woolens Act, 1699; Hat Act, 1732 [ ] Iron Act, 1750; Sugar Act, 1764; Stamp Act, 1765 11. The existence of the New World offered an opportunity for Europeans to start a society free from the mistakes inherited from the past. One of the themes of colonial history is unfortunately the extent to which the American environment forced changes in careful European plans. Which of the following pairs of colonies most clearly exemplify the extent to which American conditions changed the original plans of the colony's founders? [ ] Pennsylvania and Massachusetts [ ] Massachusetts and Connecticut [ ] Connecticut and New Jersey [x] Georgia and the Carolinas [ ] Virginia and Pennsylvania 12. There wasn't one but two colonial Souths; the Chesapeake society and the Carolina society. In four of the following respects these two Souths were alike. In which were they NOT alike? [ ] The existence of indentured servants in the labor force [ ] Their dependence on export crops [ ] Their fears of a slave revolt [x] The existence of towns as a focal point for social life [ ] The percentage of black slaves and labor force 13. In 1620 a ship arrived at Jamestown carrying more than ninety passengers. Each was auctioned off for $120 of tobacco, then the tidy sum of approximately $80 in cash. They were [ ] Irish servants brought over from Ireland after the English had taken over Northern Ireland [ ] black slaves brought from Africa [ ] Indians who had been taken to England to be Christianized, but who refused Christiantiy; therefore they were being sold as slaves, the first Indians so sold in the British colonies. [ ] indentured servants bound to work for four to seven years [x] poor women who agreed to become brides 14. In the 1790s Virginia and Maryland exported 130,000,000 pounds per year. In 1775, 165,000 barrels of another product passed through Charlestown and Savannah. New England exported 2,700,000 gallons of its chief product in 1775. These three exports are, respectively, [ ] tobacco, naval stores, and fish [ ] wheat, naval stores, and molasses [ ] corn, indigo, and fish [x] tobacco, rice, and rum [ ] rice, fish, and wheat 15. Political theory in the colonial period said that the ideal government was a "mixed government" that contained elements of democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy. The glue that held the mixture together was "deference," which 3

15. Political theory in the colonial period said that the ideal government was a "mixed government" that contained elements of democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy. The glue that held the mixture together was "deference," which was the belief in [ ] universal suffrage for white males [ ] the acceptance of majority rule [x] yielding to the leadership of the superior upper class [ ] the consent of the governed [ ] popular sovereignty 16. Anne Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts and excommunicated from the Puritan Church in 1637 because [ ] she defended Roger Williams, who argued for a separation of church and state and was banished from Massachusetts [ ] she defended freedom of religion for all, including Catholics, Quakers, and Jews [ ] she embraced the Quaker ideas of George Fox and William Penn [x] she argued that a covenant of work was superfluous because an individuals efforts to gain salvation through good works was inadequate in comparison to that of God saving people by grace [ ] she challenged the political authorities by seeking elected political office, in spite of the fact that women could not vote 17. Established churches (tax-supported) existed in all of the colonies EXCEPT [ ] New Jersey and Massachusetts [ ] New York and Rhode Island [ ] Maryland and Pennsylvania [ ] Virginia and South Carolina [x] Pennsylvania and Rhode Island 18. Most of the thirteen original colonies [ ] were formed as royal colonies [x] started as proprietary colonies and became royal colones by 1750 [ ] were successful in terms of their original plans within their first twenty years [ ] purchased their charters from their proprietors [ ] started as charter colonies and became royal colonies by the 1750s 19. The North American continent was explored by many different nations and settled at many different points. What is the correct orderin which permanent settlements appeared within the modern boundaries of the United States and Canada? [ ] Plymouth, Jamestown, St. Augustine, Santa Fe, Quebec [x] St. Augustine, Jamestown, Quebec, Santa Fe, Plymouth [ ] Jamestown, Quebec, St. Augustine, Plymouth, Santa Fe [ ] St. Augustine, Santa Fe, Quebec, Jamestown, Plymouth [ ] Quebec, Santa Fe, St. Augustine, Plymouth, Jamestown

20. This cartoon was used in support of [x] the Albany Plan of Union and independence from Great Britain [ ] the Texas Revolution against Mexico [ ] recruiting soldiers for the First World War to silence radical opposition to the draft [ ] overcoming opposition to joining the League of Nations [ ] the formation of the Confederacy when the South seceded 21. Which of the following is true concerning the Salem witch trials in 1693? I. Trials for witchcraft were more common in America than in Europe; 20 died at Salem alone and over 300 were accused of witchcraft just in colonial New England. II. The accusers were mostly young girls and the accused were mostly older women, indicating generational strife III. The whole incident, accusations and trials, took place in an uncertain, unstable, confused political atmosphere for the Massachusetts Bay colony, after the deposing of Sir Edmund Andros and Dominion of New England IV. One important factor was a geographical split within Salem, as reflected in old quarrels over the selection of a minister, caused by economic changes creating a western agricultural oriented farm region and a more commercially oriented eastern region. V. A large number of the accused were fe sole, or women alone, who threatened the male-dominated society because they were widows who owned property for the sole family survivors who stood to inherit property. [ ] I, II, III, IV, and V [ ] II, IV, and V only [ ] I, III, and IV only [ ] I, II, and V only [x] II, III, IV, and V only 22. The 1735 trial of John Peter Zenger [ ] helped establish freedom of religion, as guaranteed in the 1649 Act of Toleration [x] was a milestone in the development of freedom of the press [ ] was a victory for the colonial argument against the British use of writs of assistance for search warrants 5

22. The 1735 trial of John Peter Zenger [ ] helped establish freedom of religion, as guaranteed in the 1649 Act of Toleration [x] was a milestone in the development of freedom of the press [ ] was a victory for the colonial argument against the British use of writs of assistance for search warrants [ ] established the clear definition of treason that was later incorporated into the Constitution; levying war against the United States, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort, testified to by two witnesses to the same overt act [ ] grew out of the simple issue of a commission for a justice of the peace in Washington, DC, and established the principle of judicial review 23. Four of the following were characteristics of the colonial economy and colonial politics that continued into the Revolutionary War and Confederation era. Which characteristic did NOT continue into the latter era? [ ] A scarcity of currency [ ] Disputes among the states over western lands [x] Constitutional and political struggles between the lower houses of the state assemblies and the governors [ ] Tension between Western and Easterners [ ] Tension between debtors and creditors 24. Which was true concerning indentured servants during the colonial period? [x] Most indentured servants came from the lower social classes [ ] One third of all the white immigrants to Virginia and Maryland in the 1700s were indentured servants [ ] Most indentured servants were young married males witha wife and children and were seeking a farm at the end of their service [ ] Indentured servants received land under the headright system while they were serving as indentured servants [ ] Indentured servitude fulfilled its promise for most indentured servants, and they successfully gained freedom and a small farm at the end of their service 25. What was most responsible for the decrease in the Native American population in the settled areas of North America during the colonial period? [x] European diseases devastated the Indian population because they had no inherited immunity to measles, chicken pox, mumps, and whooping cough [ ] The arrival of whites injected a disruptive new element into the delicate balance of power between the tribes, leading to an increase in tribal warfare [ ] The British army and the colonial militias periodically mounted campaigns to push the Indians out of specific areas in order to open these areas up for settlement [ ] Indians were drawn into European wars by the intricate, complex European diplomacy and often ended up on the losing side at the peace table, forcing them to move farther west [ ] The whites initially enslaved Indians and blacks, but after they had captured a large percentage of the Indian population they were forced to turn more toward black slaves rather than Indian slaves

Unit 1 Test Bank 8 1. The Mayflower Compact is significant in the history of American political thought because [x] in it the people agreed to be bound by the will of the majority [ ] in it the people regarded themselves as the source of political power [ ] in it were provisions guaranteeing civil rights for women and blacks [ ] in it church and state were separated [ ] it was copied for the Massachusetts Bay Charter 2. In 1588 England defeated a major European rival, clearing the way for England to begin her efforts to colonize the New World. In the 1650s, England began to enact a series of Navigation Acts to secure control of her trade with her New World colonies. These Navigation Acts sprang from England's trade rivalry with a second European nation. Just prior to the American Revolution, England successfully defeated a third rival. England's rivals, in the order that England met these challenges, were [ ] France, the Netherlands, Spain [ ] Portugal, Spain, France [ ] Spain, France, Russia [x] Spain, the Netherlands, France [ ] Prussia, France, Spain 3. Four of the following were differences between the New England colonists and the Chesapeake colonies. Which of the following was NOT a difference that existed between the Chesapeake colonies and the New England colonies? [ ] The average life span for women in the Chesapeake region was shorter than that in New England because the Chesapeake retained, for a much longer time, a frontier-like quality to its life in terms of heath care and overall standard of living [ ] Due to the higher death rates in the Chesapeake region, marriages, were, on average, longer in New England [ ] The church played a central role in the life of New England but was less influential in the social and political life of the Chesapeake area [ ] The so-called plantation houses of the Chesapeake region were not as large, sturdy, or comfortable as the better-built houses for the New Englanders because the Chesapeake settlers had so much more capital tied up in the labor force [x] The commercial cities of the Chesapeake Bay were larger than those of New England because the Chesapeake area was settled first 4. Which of the following is true of the Chesapeake colonies? [ ] planter control of both import and export led to the emergence of a powerful merchant class [ ] tobacco decreased in importance, relative to other export crops, in the late 17th century [ ] upward social mobility was easy and the development of a middle class more significant than in New England [ ] indentured servants generally became wealthy landowners within ten years of working off their obligation [x] people had extended friendship networks which encouraged frequent extended travel 5. More than any other, this colony was the lengthened shadow of one man. He offered easy land terms of 50 free acres; laid out his principal city in checkerboard fashion to prevent a disaster similar to the Great Fire of London; and offered a sincere trust in humanity and religious freedom in his Holy Experiment. What colony and founder are described? 1

5. More than any other, this colony was the lengthened shadow of one man. He offered easy land terms of 50 free acres; laid out his principal city in checkerboard fashion to prevent a disaster similar to the Great Fire of London; and offered a sincere trust in humanity and religious freedom in his Holy Experiment. What colony and founder are described? [ ] a. New York-Peter Stuyvesant [ ] b. Georgia-James Oglethorpe [x] c. Pennsylvania-William Penn [ ] d. Maryland-Lord Baltimore [ ] e. Massachusetts Bay-John Winthrop 6. It is impossible to know how many colonists attended church services. We do know, however, how many church buildings existed in 1775. The largest single denomination had only 668 out of 3,142 buildings. Knowing what you do about religion in colonial America, which of the following would be arranged in order from highest number to lowest number of church buildings? [ ] Quaker, Lutheran, Jewish synagogues, Dunker [x] Congregational, Anglican, Quaker, Catholic [ ] Catholic, Huguenot, Methodist, Congregational [ ] Catholic, Presbyterian, Anglican, Moravian [ ] Anglican, Catholic, Mennonite, Quaker 7. Which of the following statements concerning mercantilism is accurate? [ ] Americans were economically hurt by the laws requiring all imperial trade to be carried in British ships manned by British crews [ ] A nation increases its national wealth by importing more goods than it exports [x] The British government controlled and directed economic activities to benefit the national state rather than the colonies or individual British citizens [ ] Mercantilism seriously retarded the development of a wide range of colonial industries [ ] Laissez-faire was a basic concept in mercantilism 8. Which colony was established as a buffer against the Spanish colonies and to give the poor and unfortunate a chance for a new start in life? [ ] Pennsylvania [ ] Maryland [x] Georgia [ ] Plymouth [ ] Nova Scotia 9. The Proclamation of 1763 did which of the following? [x] set a boundary along the crest of the Appalachians beyond which the English colonists were forbidden to settle [ ] introduced a tax on tea [ ] announced the reorganization of the colonial office under Parliament, rather than directly under the King-in-Council [ ] prohibited colonists from producing iron for the American market [ ] forbade all colonial trade with the West Indies 2

10. The Mayflower Compact was designed to [ ] establish the first plan of government for Connecticut [x] establish the principle of majority rule in Maryland [ ] establish the first plan of government for Plymouth [ ] establish the principle of majority rule [ ] establish the principle of religious toleration 11. Settlers who established the British colony in Virginia during the seventeenth century were primarily seeking to [ ] increase the glory of Great Britain [ ] create a refuge for political dissidents [x] profit economically [ ] create a perfect religious commonwealth as an example to the rest of the world [ ] recreate an Old World feudalistic society in the New World 12. Which of the following has NOT been advanced as an explanation for the development of black African slavery in colonial America? [ ] the non-Christian status of African Americans [ ] the inability of Native Americans to serve as a suitable labor force [x] prejudice towards the black race [ ] black African slavery in Britain as an example [ ] the need for labor 13. The principle of direct, or actual, representation put forth by the colonists in their resistance to the Stamp Act meant that [ ] sovereignty was indivisible and ultimately rested with Parliament [ ] all laws passed by colonial legislatures without the consent of Parliament were unconstitutional [ ] each member of Parliament represented the interests of the empire as a whole [x] representatives must be residents of the geographic area they represent [ ] any revenue raised by the Stamp Act must be spent on defense of the colonies 14. The mercantilist system of the eighteenth century led to [x] the subordination of colonial economies to that of the mother country [ ] the protection of Native Americans from exploitation [ ] the expansion of colonial manufacturing [ ] the restriction of government intervention into the economy [ ] non-competitive trade relations among nations 15. The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in Americas relationship with Great Britain because it led Britain to [x] impose taxes and tariffs on the colonists [ ] ignore the colonies [ ] restrict emigration from England [ ] encourage colonial manufacturers [ ] grant increased colonial self-government 3

15. The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in Americas relationship with Great Britain because it led Britain to [x] impose taxes and tariffs on the colonists [ ] ignore the colonies [ ] restrict emigration from England [ ] encourage colonial manufacturers [ ] grant increased colonial self-government 16. The First Great Awakening was [x] a religious revival that occurred throughout the American colonies [ ] an early colonial protest against British imperial policy [ ] a slave rebellion in South Carolina [ ] an eighteenth century religious movement among Native Americans dedicated to reaffirming traditional values [ ] the flowering of Enlightenment political thought in colonial America 17. Which of the following most accurately describes the attitudes of seventeenth century Puritans toward religious liberty? [x] they tolerated no one whose expressed religious varied from their own views [ ] they had no coherent views on religious liberty [ ] they tolerated Catholics, but not Quakers [ ] having suffered persecution in England, they extended toleration to everyone [ ] they tolerated all Protestant sects, but not Catholics 18. The wealthiest people in pre-Revolutionary America were primarily [x] northern merchants and southern plantation owners [ ] inland farmers [ ] local government officials [ ] industrialists [ ] lawyers, doctors, and other professionals 19. The system of indentured servants used during the colonial period had which of the following effects? [x] it enabled poor people to seek opportunity in America [ ] it enabled England to deport most criminals [ ] it facilitated the cultivation of cotton in the South [ ] it delayed the establishment of slavery until about 1750 [ ] it instituted social equality 20. Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of slave labor in colonial Virginia? [ ] it fulfilled the original plans of the Virginia Company [ ] it first occurred after the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney, which greatly stimulated the demand for low-cost labor [x] it spread rapidly in the late seventeenth century, as blacks displaced white indentured servants in tobacco fields [ ] it was the first case of Europeans enslaving blacks [ ] it was forced on reluctant white Virginians by profit-minded merchants and the mercantilist officials of the Crown 4

20. Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of slave labor in colonial Virginia? [ ] it fulfilled the original plans of the Virginia Company [ ] it first occurred after the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney, which greatly stimulated the demand for low-cost labor [x] it spread rapidly in the late seventeenth century, as blacks displaced white indentured servants in tobacco fields [ ] it was the first case of Europeans enslaving blacks [ ] it was forced on reluctant white Virginians by profit-minded merchants and the mercantilist officials of the Crown 21. Harvard College and Yale College were established primarily to [ ] train lawyers and doctors [ ] preserve the traditions of classical scholarship [ ] prepare young men for political leadership [x] ensure an adequate supply of ministers [ ] encourage scientific advances 22. The major purpose of Englands mercantilist policy was to [ ] discourage other European nations from colonizing North America [ ] promote the infant industries of Englands young colonies [ ] open the Atlantic to free trade [x] increase Englands prosperity [ ] reduce the need for an overseas empire 23. Colonial cities functioned primarily a [x] mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods [ ] places where most poor immigrants settled and worked as independent artisans [ ] places to which wage earners commuted from numerous surrounding communities [ ] centers of light manufacturing [ ] centers where large scale financial and banking operations were conducted 24. The Halfway Covenant provided for which of the following? [ ] the expansion of womens power within the Congregational Church [ ] the posting of banns by engaged couples [x] the baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans [ ] the granting of full church membership to all New Englanders [ ] the granting of suffrage to non-church members 25. The major objection of colonial assemblies to the Albany Plan was based on [ ] the fact that frontier interests controlled colonial assemblies [ ] the fear that centralization of taxing power would erode the authority of colonial legislatures [ ] the belief that colonial assemblies had the right to regulate trade between the colonies and England [ ] the realization that England would probably object to plans for colonial unity [x] the fact that it contradicted Locke's philosophy 5

7. Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor that changed European attitudes toward exploration and colonization? [ ] the increased availability of investment capital [ ] the trend toward nationalism and strong monarchs [x] the crusades [ ] the emergence of Germany as a major land based power [ ] improvements in the technology of sailing 8. Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, was founded by [ ] John Smith, seeking to spread Christianity [ ] Sir Walter Raleigh, wishing to gain favor with Elizabeth I [x] a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors [ ] King James I, eager to gain a base for expeditions against Spanish shipping [ ] three aristocratic proprietors seeking private gain 9. Which of the following conditions in England motivated Puritans to migrate to New England in the 1630s? I. Political repression of dissident Protestants II. An economic recession III. Restrictions on Puritan religious practices [x] I, II, and III [ ] III only [ ] I and II only [ ] I only [ ] II only 10. Which of the following best describes Deism? [ ] A radical theory encouraging free love and communal living [ ] A belief that the course of each individuals life is predestined by God [x] The belief that God had created the world but allowed it to operate through the laws of nature [ ] A concept of toleration advanced by Quaker preachers [ ] A principle taught in colonial New England colleges 11. At the beginning of the 17th Century, all of the following factors served to increase the English role in America EXCEPT [ ] development of joint-stock companies [x] royal leadership [ ] emigration for religious reasons [ ] population growth [ ] defeat of the Spanish Armada 12. Which of the following accurately describes a problem faced by Virginia in the last decades of the 17th century? [x] conflict between large plantation owners and settlers on Virginia's western frontier [ ] political control by small farmers in the House of Burgesses [ ] frequent slave uprisings 2

12. Which of the following accurately describes a problem faced by Virginia in the last decades of the 17th century? [x] conflict between large plantation owners and settlers on Virginia's western frontier [ ] political control by small farmers in the House of Burgesses [ ] frequent slave uprisings [ ] a decline in tobacco production [ ] the lowering of wages caused by an influx of immigrants 13. The acts of trade and navigation had all of the following consequences in the colonies EXCEPT [ ] New England shipbuilding prospered [ ] Smuggling became a common practice [x] Low prices were charged for English imports [ ] Colonial economies were regulated from London [ ] Colonial manufacturing was limited 14. Puritans in England were discontented with the Church of England because [ ] they wanted a more powerful role for bishops of the Church [ ] Puritans wanted English Catholics to have the right to worship freely [ ] Anglicans stressed spiritual matters more than worldly concerns [x] Puritans wanted to worship as they pleased in their own congregations, contrary to English law [ ] they wanted more elaborate rituals in the Church of England services 15. The Treaty of Tordesilas contained a provision to [ ] end the rebellion of the Pueblos in New Mexico [ ] give Spain all rights to settle in the Americas [ ] end Aztec domination in Mexico [x] divide the Americas between Spain and Portugal to colonize [ ] allow England to colonize North America and Spain to colonize Central and South America 16. The Dominion of New England was an attempt [ ] to counter the economic restrictions of the Navigation Acts [x] to rationalize colonial policy and consolidate it in the Crown [ ] by Massachusetts to gain power in the region [ ] to strengthen defenses against hostile Indians [ ] by the Puritan church to spread its religion throughout the Northeast colonies 17. Enlightenment thought influenced the colonies by [ ] John Peter Zenger's trial narrowed the definition of liable in the colonies [x] the colonial assemblies assuming the powers of Parliament within the colonies [ ] the development of the calculus at Harvard college [ ] lessening tension between religious and secular interests [ ] the rejection of using inoculation to prevent smallpox epidemics 18. A major reason for the French construction of fortresses in the Ohio Valley in the mid-eighteenth century was [ ] ongoing wars with the Iroquois and other Indian nations because of French encroachment on Indian lands 3

18. A major reason for the French construction of fortresses in the Ohio Valley in the mid-eighteenth century was [ ] ongoing wars with the Iroquois and other Indian nations because of French encroachment on Indian lands [x] to counter rising English influence when the Iroquois granted them trading concessions [ ] tension between the French merchant aristocracy on the coast and French settlers inland [ ] to protect overzealous Jesuit priests undertaking a new campaign to convert the natives to Catholicism [ ] its desire to protect French farmers settled in the area from the English 19. Which of the following is true of slaves in the colonies? I.there was little resistance to enslavement by the slaves themselves II.subtle resistance to slavery was used more often than open revolt III.slave marriages were legal in all colonies by 1700 IV.most black African slaves brought to the New World ended up in the Southern colonies [ ] I, II, IV [ ] II only [ ] II, IV [x] all [ ] II, III, IV 20. William Pitt was able to convince the colonies to fight in the Seven Years War by [ ] paying colonial soldiers generous bonuses to fight against the French [x] putting the recruiting of troops in the colonies totally in the hands of the colonies themselves [ ] threatening military reprisals by the British Army [ ] convincing Native American tribes to attack colonial settlements in the Ohio Valley [ ] threatening to make the colonists fight the French by themselves 21. Which of the following statements best expresses a tenet of the Puritan faith? [ ] After creating the universe, God allowed worldly events to operate according to natural law [ ] Worldly events could be explained through science and reason [x] An omnipotent God predestined some individuals for salvation [ ] The church and state must remain separate entities [ ] Individuals could attain salvation through emotional appeals to God 22. As settlers from various nations arrived in Norther America, they interacted differently with the native tribes. A major difference between French and British settlers was that [ ] only the French attempted to convert the natives [ ] British settlers were less interested in establishing permanent settlements [ ] the French fur traders waged more bloody wars with native tribes before 1720 [ ] the French outnumbered the British before 1754 [x] the French treated natives with more respect and intermarried with some tribes 23. Which of the following was a slave revolt during the first half of the eighteenth century? [ ] Dorr Rebellion [ ] Culpepers Rebellion [x] Stono Rebellion [ ] Newburgh conspiracy 4

23. Which of the following was a slave revolt during the first half of the eighteenth century? [ ] Dorr Rebellion [ ] Culpepers Rebellion [x] Stono Rebellion [ ] Newburgh conspiracy [ ] Leislers Rebellion 24. The Great Awakening in the colonial period [ ] caused splits among the Presbyterians and the Congregationalists [ ] was led by George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards [ ] weakened institutional authority because it preached that a persons future religious destiny lay in his or her own hands [ ] challenged patterns of deference to the elite [x] was characterized by all of the above 25. The Restoration, the Glorious Revolution, the English Civil War, and Queen Anne's War all represent [ ] events which contributed to salutary neglect [ ] examples of attempts to enforce the Trade and Navigation Acts [ ] events which result in warfare in the colonies [x] internal political crisis in England [ ] conflicts between England and France

Unit 1 Test Bank 9 1. Liberty of conscience was defended by Roger Williams on the ground that [x] the state was an improper and ineffectual agency in matters of the spirit [ ] theological truths would emerge from the clash of ideas [ ] the institutions of political democracy would be jeopardized without it [ ] all religions were equal in Gods eyes [ ] Puritan ideas about sin an salvation were outmoded 2. Slavery developed as an institution in the American South because [ ] England encouraged the industrial development of the South [x] from the outset, they were cheaper than indentured servants [ ] the indentured servant system failed to provide an adequate labor supply [ ] of the introduction of black Africans in 1619 [ ] Puritans viewed slaves as sub-humans 3. In the early colonial period a separatist was defined as a person who [x] wished to break away from the impure Church of England [ ] earned his freedom after working for another person for four to seven years [ ] had completed his apprenticeship [ ] left Massachusetts Bay for the religious freedom of Rhode Island [ ] left England to seek economic gain in the New World 4. The Navigation Acts passed during the 1660s primarily [ ] encouraged the production of manufactured goods in the colonies [x] regulated trade within the empire [ ] forbade the colonies from competing with the mother countries munitions industry [ ] stimulated trade within the colonies [ ] encouraged the colonies to seek markets other than in England 5. Which of the following beliefs was central to eighteenth-century Deism? [ ] God gave the Bible to human beings to guide their behavior [x] God created a universe governed by natural law [ ] All human beings are born in sin [ ] Gods existence has been proven by supernatural revelation [ ] Christ is the Redeemer of the human race 6. The Navigation Acts were part of the British policy of [x] mercantilism [ ] monopolism [ ] imperialism [ ] isolationism [ ] capitalism 1

7. Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor that changed European attitudes toward exploration and colonization? [ ] the increased availability of investment capital [ ] the trend toward nationalism and strong monarchs [x] the crusades [ ] the emergence of Germany as a major land based power [ ] improvements in the technology of sailing 8. Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, was founded by [ ] John Smith, seeking to spread Christianity [ ] Sir Walter Raleigh, wishing to gain favor with Elizabeth I [x] a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors [ ] King James I, eager to gain a base for expeditions against Spanish shipping [ ] three aristocratic proprietors seeking private gain 9. Which of the following conditions in England motivated Puritans to migrate to New England in the 1630s? I. Political repression of dissident Protestants II. An economic recession III. Restrictions on Puritan religious practices [x] I, II, and III [ ] III only [ ] I and II only [ ] I only [ ] II only 10. Which of the following best describes Deism? [ ] A radical theory encouraging free love and communal living [ ] A belief that the course of each individuals life is predestined by God [x] The belief that God had created the world but allowed it to operate through the laws of nature [ ] A concept of toleration advanced by Quaker preachers [ ] A principle taught in colonial New England colleges 11. At the beginning of the 17th Century, all of the following factors served to increase the English role in America EXCEPT [ ] development of joint-stock companies [x] royal leadership [ ] emigration for religious reasons [ ] population growth [ ] defeat of the Spanish Armada 12. Which of the following accurately describes a problem faced by Virginia in the last decades of the 17th century? [x] conflict between large plantation owners and settlers on Virginia's western frontier [ ] political control by small farmers in the House of Burgesses [ ] frequent slave uprisings 2

12. Which of the following accurately describes a problem faced by Virginia in the last decades of the 17th century? [x] conflict between large plantation owners and settlers on Virginia's western frontier [ ] political control by small farmers in the House of Burgesses [ ] frequent slave uprisings [ ] a decline in tobacco production [ ] the lowering of wages caused by an influx of immigrants 13. The acts of trade and navigation had all of the following consequences in the colonies EXCEPT [ ] New England shipbuilding prospered [ ] Smuggling became a common practice [x] Low prices were charged for English imports [ ] Colonial economies were regulated from London [ ] Colonial manufacturing was limited 14. Puritans in England were discontented with the Church of England because [ ] they wanted a more powerful role for bishops of the Church [ ] Puritans wanted English Catholics to have the right to worship freely [ ] Anglicans stressed spiritual matters more than worldly concerns [x] Puritans wanted to worship as they pleased in their own congregations, contrary to English law [ ] they wanted more elaborate rituals in the Church of England services 15. The Treaty of Tordesilas contained a provision to [ ] end the rebellion of the Pueblos in New Mexico [ ] give Spain all rights to settle in the Americas [ ] end Aztec domination in Mexico [x] divide the Americas between Spain and Portugal to colonize [ ] allow England to colonize North America and Spain to colonize Central and South America 16. The Dominion of New England was an attempt [ ] to counter the economic restrictions of the Navigation Acts [x] to rationalize colonial policy and consolidate it in the Crown [ ] by Massachusetts to gain power in the region [ ] to strengthen defenses against hostile Indians [ ] by the Puritan church to spread its religion throughout the Northeast colonies 17. Enlightenment thought influenced the colonies by [ ] John Peter Zenger's trial narrowed the definition of liable in the colonies [x] the colonial assemblies assuming the powers of Parliament within the colonies [ ] the development of the calculus at Harvard college [ ] lessening tension between religious and secular interests [ ] the rejection of using inoculation to prevent smallpox epidemics 18. A major reason for the French construction of fortresses in the Ohio Valley in the mid-eighteenth century was [ ] ongoing wars with the Iroquois and other Indian nations because of French encroachment on Indian lands 3

18. A major reason for the French construction of fortresses in the Ohio Valley in the mid-eighteenth century was [ ] ongoing wars with the Iroquois and other Indian nations because of French encroachment on Indian lands [x] to counter rising English influence when the Iroquois granted them trading concessions [ ] tension between the French merchant aristocracy on the coast and French settlers inland [ ] to protect overzealous Jesuit priests undertaking a new campaign to convert the natives to Catholicism [ ] its desire to protect French farmers settled in the area from the English 19. Which of the following is true of slaves in the colonies? I.there was little resistance to enslavement by the slaves themselves II.subtle resistance to slavery was used more often than open revolt III.slave marriages were legal in all colonies by 1700 IV.most black African slaves brought to the New World ended up in the Southern colonies [ ] I, II, IV [ ] II only [ ] II, IV [x] all [ ] II, III, IV 20. William Pitt was able to convince the colonies to fight in the Seven Years War by [ ] paying colonial soldiers generous bonuses to fight against the French [x] putting the recruiting of troops in the colonies totally in the hands of the colonies themselves [ ] threatening military reprisals by the British Army [ ] convincing Native American tribes to attack colonial settlements in the Ohio Valley [ ] threatening to make the colonists fight the French by themselves 21. Which of the following statements best expresses a tenet of the Puritan faith? [ ] After creating the universe, God allowed worldly events to operate according to natural law [ ] Worldly events could be explained through science and reason [x] An omnipotent God predestined some individuals for salvation [ ] The church and state must remain separate entities [ ] Individuals could attain salvation through emotional appeals to God 22. As settlers from various nations arrived in Norther America, they interacted differently with the native tribes. A major difference between French and British settlers was that [ ] only the French attempted to convert the natives [ ] British settlers were less interested in establishing permanent settlements [ ] the French fur traders waged more bloody wars with native tribes before 1720 [ ] the French outnumbered the British before 1754 [x] the French treated natives with more respect and intermarried with some tribes 23. Which of the following was a slave revolt during the first half of the eighteenth century? [ ] Dorr Rebellion [ ] Culpepers Rebellion [x] Stono Rebellion [ ] Newburgh conspiracy 4

23. Which of the following was a slave revolt during the first half of the eighteenth century? [ ] Dorr Rebellion [ ] Culpepers Rebellion [x] Stono Rebellion [ ] Newburgh conspiracy [ ] Leislers Rebellion 24. The Great Awakening in the colonial period [ ] caused splits among the Presbyterians and the Congregationalists [ ] was led by George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards [ ] weakened institutional authority because it preached that a persons future religious destiny lay in his or her own hands [ ] challenged patterns of deference to the elite [x] was characterized by all of the above 25. The Restoration, the Glorious Revolution, the English Civil War, and Queen Anne's War all represent [ ] events which contributed to salutary neglect [ ] examples of attempts to enforce the Trade and Navigation Acts [ ] events which result in warfare in the colonies [x] internal political crisis in England [ ] conflicts between England and France

Unit 1 Test Bank 10 1. By 1700, New England towns tended to show [ ] an overwhelming opposition to British colonial policy [ ] a greater impact from the Great Awakening than other sections of the colonies [x] a more heterogeneous philosophical makeup than earlier [ ] a strong concentration of young people replacing their elders as leaders [ ] a more homogeneous makeup, both religiously and ethnically, than it had earlier 2. When Europeans arrived, they found the continent of North America occupied. Which of the following were tribes of Native Americans who lived in the future United States? [ ] Apache, Aztec, Hopi, Paiute [ ] Lenape, Maya, Narraganset, Oneida [ ] Arawak, Creek, Osage, Miami [ ] Cheyenne, Crow, Inca, Sioux [x] Choctaw, Mohawk, Pueblo, Shawnee 3. Which of the following is true of Rhode Island? I.it was established as a haven for Catholics II.it established separation of church and state III.it granted suffrage to more people than most New England colonies IV.Roger Williams established it as a "Holy Experiment" [ ] II, III, IV [ ] II only [x] all [ ] I, II, III [ ] II, III 4. The following are true of colonial America EXCEPT [ ] increasingly, immigrants tended to settle in the interior rather than on the coast [ ] the American growth rate was higher than that of Great Britain [ ] the majority of 18th century white immigrants came from Italy and Poland [x] the male-female ratio equalized more quickly in New England than in other sections [ ] by the middle of the 18th century immigration was less important than natural increase in population growth 5. The Trade and Navigation Acts were I.generally accepted in the South II.beneficial to both England and the colonies III.a hardship to colonial New England IV.effectively enforced [ ] II, III, IV [ ] I, IV [x] all [ ] III only 1

5. The Trade and Navigation Acts were I.generally accepted in the South II.beneficial to both England and the colonies III.a hardship to colonial New England IV.effectively enforced [ ] II, III, IV [ ] I, IV [x] all [ ] III only [ ] I, II, III 6. The North American colonies took advantage of Great Britain's policy of salutary neglect to [x] work out trade arrangements to acquire needed products from other countries [ ] make favorable territorial settlements with the French [ ] establish a standing army [ ] establish religious freedom as a fundamental right [ ] introduce the practice of slavery into the New World 7. The Great Awakening in the colonies in the mid-eighteenth century had all of the following consequences EXCEPT [ ] the growth of institutions of higher learning to fulfill the need to spread the gospel [ ] separatism and secession from established churches, due to the democratizing effect of more accessible forms of piety [ ] a flourishing of the missionary spirit as an outgrowth of more intensive religious devotion and assurance [x] the renewed persecution of witches because of the heightened interest in the supernatural [ ] the lessening of doctrinal rigor and a concomitant appreciation for the more direct experiences of faith 8. One of the characteristics of colonial America was frequent rebellions or uprisings against political authorities. Which of the following was NOT an uprising of the colonial period? [x] the Whiskey Rebellion [ ] Bacons Rebellion [ ] Leislers Rebellion [ ] the Paxton Boys [ ] the Regulator Movement 9. The economic policy that looked at colonies to provide raw materials, trade, and riches was called [ ] gospel of wealth [x] mercantilism [ ] dollar diplomacy [ ] imperialism [ ] manifest destiny 10. Religious toleration developed by the end of the colonial period primarily because [ ] the colonists saw the folly of Europes bloody wars of religion 2

10. Religious toleration developed by the end of the colonial period primarily because [ ] the colonists saw the folly of Europes bloody wars of religion [x] no church was strong enough to gain dominance [ ] of the English tradition of strict separation of church and state [ ] of the example of the Puritans coming to America for religious freedom [ ] of Roger Williams example of separating Church and state to keep the government free from religious interference 11. John Winthrop's characterization of Massachusetts Bay as "a city on a hill" implied that [ ] Puritans should leave England and emigrate to the colonies [ ] Massachusetts Puritans offered religious freedom to all settlers [ ] Puritans were superior in their theology to the Pilgrims [x] Massachusetts Bay would be an example for England to emulate [ ] Boston would be settled on high, defensible ground 12. Shay's Rebellion frightened many Americans when [ ] Indians raided frontier settlements in Virginia [ ] city mobs raided flour supplies in Philadelphia [ ] vigilantes in South Carolina patrolled the frontier [x] debt-ridden farmers attacked courts in western Massachusetts [ ] squatters terrorized proprietors in New York 13. The Great Awakening refers to the [ ] impact of the Enlightenment on colonial thought in the early 1700s [ ] growth of European awareness of the New World in the 1500s [ ] beginning of the colonial movement toward independence from Great Britain [x] wave of religious revivals that swept the colonies in the 1740s [ ] growth of technology that contributed to increased industrialization in the early 1800s

14. Picture: A Vermont church, center of 18th century New England town life Which of the following was not a result of the Great Awakening? [ ] a new emphasis on personal piety [ ] the emergence of effective preachers such as George Whitefield [ ] the founding of colleges to train New Light ministers [x] greater reliance on reason and Enlightenment thinkers [ ] growth of Methodist and Baptist congregations 15. Social mobility in the colonies tended to be based on [ ] family background [x] none of the answers are correct [ ] church affiliation [ ] wealth [ ] land ownership 16. Which of the following was true of the Middle Colonies? I.they were settled by religiously homogeneous people II.they were settled by ethnically heterogeneous people III.religious toleration developed extremely slowly IV.they became known as the "breadbasket" colonies [ ] I, II, III [x] all [ ] II, IV [ ] II only [ ] I, II 17. Which of the following is true of women in the colonies? I.they generally openly and actively rejected their inferior social status II.they tended to have slightly more legal rights than their European counterparts III.they outnumbered men throughout the time period IV.they tended to have larger families than in England [ ] I, IV [ ] II, IV [x] all [ ] IV only [ ] II, III, IV 18. Which of the following is true of indentured servants in colonial America? I.their life expectancy was strangely longer than that of average citizens II.they were generally treated with respect and dignity III.female indentured servant often married their way out of their indenture IV.they outnumbered slaves in the colonies late into the 17th century [ ] IV only [ ] II only [ ] I, II, IV 5

18. Which of the following is true of indentured servants in colonial America? I.their life expectancy was strangely longer than that of average citizens II.they were generally treated with respect and dignity III.female indentured servant often married their way out of their indenture IV.they outnumbered slaves in the colonies late into the 17th century [ ] IV only [ ] II only [ ] I, II, IV [x] all [ ] III, IV 19. All of the following were characteristics common to all of the colonies EXCEPT [ ] universal male suffrage for all colonial subjects [ ] no granting of hereditary aristocracy positions [ ] influence of British culture upon the American musical genre [x] self-government in regional positions [ ] social mobility for white males born within the colonies 20. Which of the following was true of colonial New England? [ ] Villages and small towns were tightly organized around an artisan community. [ ] Its economy was dependent on large-scale farming and trading. [x] Life was centered in clustered villages with farmland surrounding the villages. [ ] Most people lived in large cities. [ ] It consisted of loosely organized communities spread some distance apart. 21. In the Colonial period, Quakers were known for all of the following EXCEPT their [ ] advocacy of freedom of worship [ ] refusal to bear arms [x] refusal to pay taxes [ ] opposition to the institution of slavery [ ] acceptance of a greater role for women in public worship 22. Anne Hutchinson was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637 because she [x] challenged the religious beliefs of the colonys leaders [ ] violated Puritan laws regarding marriage [ ] advocated giving women full inheritance [ ] advocated the inclusion of American Indians in Puritan congregations [ ] was a Quaker who sought converts 23. The Toleration Act (also known as the Act Concerning Religion) [ ] successfully ended religious strife in Maryland [ ] established the natural rights of colonists [ ] established a degree of religious toleration in Maryland [ ] established codes by which black slaves could become freedmen [x] established the principle of separation of church and state 6

23. The Toleration Act (also known as the Act Concerning Religion) [ ] successfully ended religious strife in Maryland [ ] established the natural rights of colonists [ ] established a degree of religious toleration in Maryland [ ] established codes by which black slaves could become freedmen [x] established the principle of separation of church and state 24. Which of the following is true about the Treaty of Tordesillas? [ ] It allowed slavery to be practiced in Brazil [ ] It divided New World lands between England and Spain [ ] A moratorium on further exploration was established until the Pope could be given proof that Native Americans were being baptized into the Catholic faith [ ] It divided New World lands between Spain and Portugal [x] It divided New World lands between England and France 25. Jonathan Edwards was best known for: [ ] drafting The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut [ ] devising military tactics that resulted in victories during the French and Indian War [ ] developing the lucrative slave trade in the Chesapeake region [x] stating his religious philosophies in powerful sermons, such as Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God [ ] collecting information for the publication of Poor Richards Almanac

Unit 1 Test Bank 11 1. Mercantilism embodied which of the following? I.private property was subordinated to public good II.colonies were to be used as manufacturing bases III.colonies were to serve as dumping grounds for excess labor IV.colonies were to serve as military outposts [x] all [ ] III only [ ] I, III, IV [ ] I, III [ ] I only

2. Columbus landing at San Salvador by John Vanderlyn The near wiping out of the Indian population in North and South America in the 16th century was mostly caused by [ ] tribal wars [ ] battles with Europeans [ ] starvation caused by famines [x] diseases transmitted by Europeans [ ] imprisonment and enslavement by Europeans 1

2. Columbus landing at San Salvador by John Vanderlyn The near wiping out of the Indian population in North and South America in the 16th century was mostly caused by [ ] tribal wars [ ] battles with Europeans [ ] starvation caused by famines [x] diseases transmitted by Europeans [ ] imprisonment and enslavement by Europeans 3. The French tended to attract stronger Indian support than the British primarily because [ ] they made no effort to Christianize the Indians [ ] British hostility toward the fur trade [ ] early major Indian wars eliminated the threat to the French from native Americans [x] they made fewer demands on Indian lands [ ] the French were more humane by nature

4. Picture: Mayan pyramid at Uxmal 3

In what is now Mexico, Aztecs and Incas [x] developed advanced civilizations before contact with Europeans [ ] were able to resist the advancing Spanish armies [ ] built large earthen mounds [ ] were exclusively agricultural [ ] lived in peace and harmony with neighboring tribes

5. Picture: "Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor," William Halsall, 1882 Which of the following statements about the settlers that arrived at Plymouth in 1620 is not true? [ ] a. their original goal was a landfall farther south, at the northern edge of Virginia Company territory [ ] b. while English, they had lived for a time in the Netherlands [ ] c. they had experienced persecution in England for their religious beliefs and sought to separate from the Church of England [ ] d. they probably would have starved to death without the assistance of local Indians [x] e. they became the dominant political and religious force in New England in the 1630s and 1640s

6. Picture: Boulevard Monmartre in Paris by Camille Pissarro (1897) Which of the following American wars did not involve peace talks in Paris, France? [x] War of 1812 [ ] Vietnam War [ ] Spanish-American War [ ] Revolutionary War [ ] French and Indian War

7. Picture: Zenger being defended by Andrew Hamilton In the 1735 case of New York newspaper publisher John Peter Zenger, [ ] a. his lawyer focused on the illegality of a law rather than his Zenger's innocence [ ] b. Zenger was acquitted of seditious libel for printing articles critical of the royal governor [ ] c. Zenger's lawyer argued that the articles were not libelous because they were based on facts [ ] d. an important principle of freedom of the press was established [x] e. all of the above are true

8. Picture: A map of Hudson's 1610-11 voyage Which of the following is not true of explorer Henry Hudson [ ] a. he led voyages in search of both a Northeast and a Northwest Passage to Asia [ ] b. his crew on the ship Discovery mutinied and either set him adrift or murdered him in what is now known as Hudson Bay [ ] c. he sailed for both the British and Dutch [x] d. he assumed that any passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans would be long and difficult [ ] e. he explored the Hudson River and helped the Dutch establish a claim to New Netherlands (New York)

9. Picture: Martin Luther posting his "95 Theses" on the Wittenberg church door, 1517 Which of the following were contributions of the Protestant Reformation to the founding of America? [ ] a. the creation of a number of denominations that suffered persecution and sought religious freedom in the New World [ ] b. the concept of the priesthood of all believers, which promoted individualism and aided the development of democracy [ ] c. an emphasis on literacy, as the Bible was translated into the language of the people and not limited to only those who could read Latin [ ] d. a challenge to religious authority which led logically for some to a challenge to political authority [x] e. all of the above were contributions

10. Picture: Spaniard Cortes being greeted by Aztec emperor Montezuma One of the factors that proved critical to the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs was [ ] a. the overwhelming number of Spanish soldiers [ ] b. the total lack of organization of the Aztec political and military system [ ] c. the support of Portuguese soldiers [ ] d. the pacifist nature of the Aztecs [x] e. a smallpox epidemic spread by contact with the Spanish soldiers

11. Picture: San Diego de Alcala Mission, as seen in 1848 The founders of the California missions in California [ ] a. were Jesuits [ ] b. were universally praised for their compassionate policies towards Indians [x] c. established a series of missions roughly one-day's walk apart along California's coast [ ] d. helped control the spread of disease [ ] e. helped Spain establish a dynamic and lucrative economic system throughout California in the 1700s 10

12. Picture: Christopher Columbus arriving at San Salvador in the New World, 1492 Which of the following was a belief of Christopher Columbus following his voyages? [ ] the native Indians of the Caribbean should be treated as equals with the Spanish [x] he had discovered a relatively easy passage from the Atlantic to the Orient [ ] the world was even smaller than he had previously thought [ ] he had discovered a new continent previously unknown to Europeans [ ] he was always treated fairly by Spanish authorities in the New World

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13. Picture: A massive ten-story pre-Columbian Picture: Indian mound near Collinsville, Illinois Which of the following statements are true about Indians living in North America before Spanish explorers reached the continent? I. Tribes in the Southwest developed elaborate canal systems to sustain agriculture II. Several written languages were developed 12

III. Mississippi River Valley residents built huge temple mounds and a city near present-day St. Louis that may have had 40,000 residents IV. Horses enabled hunters to range far from their tribe in search of food V. The buffalo was a major source of food and clothing for Plains Indians [ ] I, III, and IV [ ] I, II, and V [ ] III, IV, and V [ ] All of the statements are true [x] I, III, and V

14. Picture: A gathering of the Iroquois nation, 1914 Which of the following is true of women in Iroquois society? [ ] their main responsibilities were hunting and fishing [ ] they sometimes became chiefs [ ] they controlled all aspects of tribal life [ ] they served as religious priests [x] the elder women selected the male chief

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15. Picture: Spanish explorers head north from Mexico, 1540 Painting by Frederick Remington Which Spanish conquistador explored the American Southwest in search of the Seven Cities of Cibola and may have ventured as far north as Kansas in 1540? [ ] Alvar Nuez Cabeza de Vaca [ ] Hernan Cortes [ ] Hernando de Soto [ ] Ponce de Leon [x] Francisco Coronado

16. Picture: "The First Thanksgiving" by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris 14

16. Picture: "The First Thanksgiving" by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris Which of the following is not true about Thanksgiving? [ ] the 1621 feast of Separatists at Plymouth Plantation included a Patuxet Indian named Squanto [x] it is almost certain that the 1621 Plymouth Thanksgiving menu included sweet potatoes [ ] Abraham Lincoln made the last Thursday in November the national day of Thanksgiving in 1863 [ ] Thanksgiving did not actually become a national holiday until 1941 [ ] George Washington was the first president to issue a national proclamation of Thanksgiving

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17. Picture: Camp meeting, 1819, an example of a uniquely American religious event "The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked" is from "Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God," a sermon by which of the following individuals? [ ] George Whitefield [x] Jonathan Edwards [ ] Dwight L. Moody [ ] Cotton Mather [ ] Charles G. Finney

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18. Picture: New York in 1656 Which of the following European nations established a 17th century colonial presence on the north rim of South America, in the Caribbean, and in the American colonies of Delaware and New York? [ ] Spain [ ] Portugal [ ] Sweden [x] the Netherlands [ ] France

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19. Picture: Cotton Mather, an influential 17th century Puritan preacher Which of the following was not a belief of the Puritans who settled in New England in the 1630s and 1640s? [ ] predestination--God chose those who were destined for heaven before they were even born [ ] worship should be plain (no musical instruments), as should churches (no stained glass) [ ] the Bible should be read by everyone, so education was essential [ ] the individual congregation chooses its own ministers and recognizes no other religious authority [x] the confessional booth was a necessary element of each Puritan church

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20. Picture: Charles II was crowned king of England 12 years after his father was beheaded Arrange the following in correct time order: I. the restoration of the English monarchy II. the Puritans' Great Migration III. the Separatists arrival at Plymouth IV. the Protestant Reformation [ ] II, IV, I, III [ ] IV, II, III, I [ ] I, II, III, IV [ ] III, IV, II, I [x] IV, III, II, I

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21. Picture: In 1750, the American colonies were only one of eight British outposts in North America Which of the following colonies was established by Cecil Calvert and became known as a religious refuge for Roman Catholics? [ ] a. Delaware [x] b. Maryland [ ] c. Rhode Island [ ] d. Georgia [ ] e. New Hampshire

22. Picture: Shays's Rebellion, 1786 To those who were concerned with Shays's Rebellion, it was a warning that 20

22. Picture: Shays's Rebellion, 1786 To those who were concerned with Shays's Rebellion, it was a warning that [x] a. the federal government was much too weak [ ] b. slave uprisings were a constant threat to domestic tranquility [ ] c. the federal militia was too strong [ ] d. protecting states' rights was very important [ ] e. the possibility of a military coup was real

23. Picture: The Old Plantation Which of the following is not true about American colonial slavery in the 1600s? [ ] the first slaves arrived in 1619 [ ] in some southern colonies, it was made a crime for a slave to insult a white person, regardless of position [ ] slavery grew slowly in the first half of the century 21

23. Picture: The Old Plantation Which of the following is not true about American colonial slavery in the 1600s? [ ] the first slaves arrived in 1619 [ ] in some southern colonies, it was made a crime for a slave to insult a white person, regardless of position [ ] slavery grew slowly in the first half of the century [ ] by 1700, slaves greatly outnumbered indentured servants [x] marriage was strongly encouraged by slaveowners as a manner of establishing a strong slave plantation community

24. Picture: Voyage of first Spanish exploration of Florida, 1513 Which Spaniard in 1513 became the first European to explore Florida and was associated with the story of the search for the Fountain of Youth? [ ] Francisco Coronado [ ] Hernando Cortez 22

24. Picture: Voyage of first Spanish exploration of Florida, 1513 Which Spaniard in 1513 became the first European to explore Florida and was associated with the story of the search for the Fountain of Youth? [ ] Francisco Coronado [ ] Hernando Cortez [ ] Cabeza de Vaca [x] Ponce de Leon [ ] Panfilo de Narvaez

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25. Picture: Plymouth Plantation, Massachusetts The first self-governing legislative body in the American colonies was the [x] Virginia House of Burgesses [ ] Massachusetts Bay Colony privy council [ ] Board of Trade [ ] town council of Hartford, Connecticut [ ] Plymouth town meeting

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26. Picture: Gravestone of Jonathan Edwards, Great Awakening preacher, Princeton, New Jersey Which of the following Protestant denominations practiced radical egalitarianism, welcomed blacks to its revivals, and was viewed critically by the ruling planters of the South in the decades following the 18th century's Great Awakening? [ ] Adventists [x] Baptists [ ] Presbyterians [ ] Anglicans [ ] Mennonites

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Unit 1 Test Bank 12

1. Picture: Amerigo Vespucci, an explorer whose name became attached to two continents Which explorer is incorrectly matched with the region he explored? [ ] Coronado--New Mexico [ ] Pizarro--Peru [ ] Cabrillo--California [ ] DeSoto--Florida [x] Balboa--Cuba

2. Picture: "Boston Harbor at Sunset" by Clement Drew What is the source of the following quote? "l find that the God of Israel is among us, when ten of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies; when He shall make us a praise and glory ,... for we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people 4

"l find that the that if Israel is among us, when our God shall be able to have a thousand and so cause him to are upon us; soGod of we shall deal falsely with ten of us in this work we resist undertaken of our enemies; when He shall make us a praise and glory ,... for we must consider that we shall be through the world..." withdraw his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a bywordas a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us; so thatCompact deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken and so cause him to [x] Mayflower if we shall withdraw his presentChristian Charity"shall be made a story and a byword through the world..." [ ] "A Model of help from us, we [x] Mayflower Compact [ ] Fundamental ORders of Connecticut [ ] "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" "A Model of Christian Charity" [ ] the Halfway Covenant Connecticut Fundamental ORders of [ ] "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" [ ] the Halfway Covenant

3. Picture: Most 19th Century American women faced clear societal expectations According Most 19th Century American women faced clear societal expectations 3. Picture: to the 19th century cult of domesticity [ ] women were encouraged to work outside the home According to the 19th century cult of domesticity not as wage-earning providers [ ] men's first responsibility were as husbands, [ ] women were the proper to work outside the home [x] the home wasencouraged sphere for women, who were expected to be virtuous and submissive [ ] men and women entered marriage as equal partners in terms of duties and responsibilities men's first responsibility were as husbands, not as wage-earning providers [x] the home was the proper sphere to woman fulfilling expected [ ] religion was of little importance forawomen, who were her role to be virtuous and submissive [ ] men and women entered marriage as equal partners in terms of duties and responsibilities [ ] religion was of little importance to a woman fulfilling her role

4. Picture: Christopher Columbus showing objects to Indians on arrival in the West Indies Within a half century of their visit from Europe, the Spanish had opened the New World and [ ] rapidly pushed through western North America on their way to Alaska [ ] were being seriously challenged for New World dominance by the English [x] virtually exterminated the Indians of the Caribbean [ ] had created the richest and most extensive empire in world history [ ] were being seriously challenged for New World dominance by the French 6

5. Picture: Martin Luther, whose ideas helped spur the settlement of America 7

The spirit of the Protestant Reformation and the teachings of Martin Luther proved formative in the founding of America. All of the following ideas were preached by Luther except: [ ] the popular right to rebel against unjust authority [x] the freedom of human will to choose or reject salvation [ ] justification by faith alone [ ] the evil of the sale of indulgences for the forgiveness of sin [ ] the priesthood of all believers 6. Which of the following statements about early settlement in the Chesapeake and New England is inaccurate? [ ] The goal of Chesapeake settlers was commercial profit and the goal for New England settlers was to worship without interference [ ] The Chesapeake environment proved less healthy than New England's [x] The Chesapeake colony had friendly relations with Native Americans while the Pilgrims were actively hostile [ ] Generally single men settled the Chesapeake and families settled New England [ ] Supply ships bound for the Chesapeake hit rough weather and some were lost

7. The accompanying chart suggests that [ ] the last two decades of the century were a period of extraordinary population growth [ ] the white population of the Chesapeake grew much more rapidly after the first half of the seventeenth century [x] the black population grew more rapidly than the white population after 1640 [ ] the white population grew more rapidly than the black population after 1640 [ ] the mortality rate for blacks was significantly higher than that for whites 8. The Spanish conquistadors' biggest ally in their conflicts with native populations was [ ] their ability to negotiate and resolve disputes peacefully [ ] their willingness to use Spanish wealth to compensate Indians for territory [ ] the use of firearms to subdue the natives [ ] a willingness to accept Indian culture and allow it to coexist with Spanish culture [x] the introduction of smallpox that killed many Native Americans 9

8. The Spanish conquistadors' biggest ally in their conflicts with native populations was [ ] their ability to negotiate and resolve disputes peacefully [ ] their willingness to use Spanish wealth to compensate Indians for territory [ ] the use of firearms to subdue the natives [ ] a willingness to accept Indian culture and allow it to coexist with Spanish culture [x] the introduction of smallpox that killed many Native Americans 9. A rigid system of slavery for life based on race became an American institution in part because [ ] Africans were the last people to settle in America and were therefore left outside the established social hierarchy [ ] white indentured servants served only for a fixed time period [x] whites assumed blacks were inferior and of a lower status [ ] slavery had been an English institution since the Middle Ages [ ] Africans practiced their own religion and would not accept Christianity 10. The principle of religious toleration in the American colonies was [ ] only accepted on an individual basis if a person could show signs of salvation [ ] practiced by all with the exception of Catholics and Quakers [ ] only agreed to by maryland in its Act of Toleration [ ] universally accepted in all the English colonies because of persecution in England [x] practiced in some colonies, but religious conformity was enforced in others 11. The French and Indian War in America [ ] concerned struggles between the French and the Indians over Canadian lands [ ] began earlier in Europe and spread to the American colonies later [ ] had very little effect on the coastal English colonies [x] was part of the larger global conflict between England and France [ ] was mostly an internal conflict between various Indian tribes rather than European interests 12. The most significant political conflict between royal governors and colonial assemblies was over [x] the power to tax and spend in the provinces [ ] the changing status from charter to royal colonies [ ] the use of British troops to preserve order in the colonies [ ] governors granting their friends exclusive trading rights [ ] raising colonial militias to provide defense from Indian attacks 13. Pennsylvania followed a policy like that of Rhode Island with respect to [ ] creating an aristocracy living on large landed estates [ ] making the Puritan Church the established church [ ] the separation of church and state [x] buying the land for white settlement from the Indians [ ] establishing a center for the slave trade in the colony 14. The economic salvation of the Virginia colony in its first century was 10

14. The economic salvation of the Virginia colony in its first century was [ ] production of rice [ ] production of sugarcane [x] the growing of tobacco [ ] the manufacture of silk [ ] the cultivation of cotton 15. Before European contact, early American Indian cultures [x] were very diverse with some civilizations rivaling those of Europe [ ] used technologies that were on par with those of Europe and Asia [ ] relied mainly on home manufactures for subsistence [ ] were more elaborate and wealthy in northern climates because of abundant resources [ ] subsisted mainly on hunting and gathering with simple social structures 16. The eighteenth-century Great Awakening arose in response to all of the following except [ ] colonial instability such as epidemics moving people to seek solace in God [ ] the movement towards secularism and away from piety in society [x] people turning to God for help during the French and Indian War [ ] churchgoers becoming dissatisfied with traditional Puritan church services [ ] influential English evangelists preaching throughout the American colonies 17. John Winthrop proclaimed Massachusetts Bay a "city upon a hill" to [ ] celebrate the Puritan settlement on the hills of Boston [ ] deter local Indians from attacking their highly defensible settlement [ ] claim that after a long search his congregation had found heaven [x] serve as a righteous and civil model for the world, and particularly England [ ] silence opposition to his choice of settling in Massachusetts 18. King Philip's War and Bacon's Rebellion were both caused by [x] issues concerning European expansion into Indian lands [ ] expansion by neighboring colonies into Virginia and Massachusetts [ ] Dutch and German settlers trying to regain lands taken by the English [ ] royal efforts to consolidate control over the English colonies [ ] religious tension between Protestants and Catholics in Maryland 19. The first written document establishing a civil government on American soil was [ ] the Maryland Act of Toleration [ ] the Halfway Covenant [ ] the Fundamental orders of Connecticut [x] the Mayflower compact [ ] the Fundamental Constitution for Carolina 20. Historians have labeled the period of colonial history before 1763 as "Salutary Neglect" because [x] British inattention to enforcing colonial policy led to growth and prosperity 11

20. Historians have labeled the period of colonial history before 1763 as "Salutary Neglect" because [x] British inattention to enforcing colonial policy led to growth and prosperity [ ] individual colonies focused on their own concerns, and not those of other colonies, promoting economic prosperity [ ] royal governors were more interested in seeking fortunes and thus neglected colonial politics [ ] neglect of religious concerns in the early eighteenth century led to witchcraft outbreaks [ ] colonists ignored Indian needs during this time and the response was continual warfare 21. Central to Puritan religion and settlement was [ ] a commitment to toleration and the equal treatment of all people, even Indians [ ] the county seat as the center of the community for all matters [ ] the participation of all in both church and town affairs [x] the idea of covenant with its emphasis on mutual ties and responsibilities [ ] the separation of church and state as established by Anne Hutchinson 22. The first Great Awakening was [ ] the flowering of Englightenment political thought in colonial America [x] a religious revival that occurred throughout the American colonies [ ] an eighteenth-century religious movement among Native Americans dedicated to reaffirming traditional values [ ] a slave rebellion in colonial South Carolina [ ] an early colonial protest against English imperial policy 23. Which of the following most accurately describes the attitude of seventeenth century Puritans toward religious liberty? [ ] They had no coherent views on religious liberty [ ] They tolerated Catholics, but not Quakers [ ] Having suffered persecution in England they extended toleration to everyone [ ] They tolerated all Protestant sects, but not Catholics [x] They tolerated no one whose expressed religious views varied from their own views 24. Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of slave labor in colonial Virginia? [ ] It first occurred after the invention of Eli Whitneys cotton gin, which greatly stimulated the demand for low-cost labor [ ] It was the first case in which Europeans enslaved Blacks [x] It spread rapidly in the late seventeenth century, as Blacks displaced White indentured servants in the tobacco fields [ ] It fulfilled the original plans of the Virginia company [ ] It was forced on reluctant White Virginians by profit-minded English merchants and the mercantilist officials of the Crown 25. The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it led Great Britain to [ ] restrict emigration from England [x] impose revenue taxes on the colonies [ ] grant increased colonial self-government 12

25. The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it led Great Britain to [ ] restrict emigration from England [x] impose revenue taxes on the colonies [ ] grant increased colonial self-government [ ] ignore the colonies [ ] encourage colonial manufactures

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Unit 1 Test Bank 13 1. A central theme of the Puritan Ethic is its emphasis on: [ ] the damaging effects of slavery on the Souths economy. [x] hard work, thrift, and sobriety as signs of election. [ ] the mobility of Americas class structure. [ ] world economic dependency on the institution of slavery. [ ] patriotism and the glorification of the American nation. 2. In colonial America the enlightened view that reason can solve humanity's problems helps explain the: [ ] early growth of New England education. [ ] Puritan and Quaker attitudes toward slavery. [ ] eighteenth century belief in Deism [ ] lack of public libraries. [x] curriculum of higher education. 3. The competition for North American territory was a major cause of: [ ] the War of 1812. [ ] the Revolutionary War. [x] the French and Indian War. [ ] the Civil War. [ ] the Mexican-American War. 4. To promote public libraries and the study of philosophy in colonial America was a major objective of the: [ ] American Phrenological Journal in the 1840s [ ] Knickerbocker magazine of the 1840s. [ ] Moravian Community in colonial Pennsylvania [ ] Rappites and Shakers. [x] Philadelphia Junto Club 5. A major objective of the New England Transcendentalists was to: [ ] promote the ideals of economic and political equality. [ ] subject the community to the moral and political leadership of a few. [ ] raise the publics consciousness concerning the immorality of slavery [x] expand humanity's vision of itself by stressing individual initiative. [ ] promote public awareness of the bad effects of alcohol by urging sobriety. 6. Who among the following was the first to circumnavigate the world, although he died on route? [ ] Giovanni da Verrazano [ ] Juan Ponce de Leon [ ] Francisco Vasquez de Coronado [x] Ferdinand Magellan [ ] Hernando de Soto 1

7. All of the following are characteristics of the Puritans EXCEPT: [ ] a belief that intellectual leadership is supplied by the clergy. [x] a toleration of other religious beliefs. [ ] a respect for education. [ ] a disbelief in Democracy. [ ] a belief in hard work, sobriety, and material success. 8. A central objective of John Rolfe was: [ ] to keep the colonies friendly. [ ] to encourage centralization and cooperation [ ] to develop the fur trade. [ ] to increase the wealth of the mother country. [x] to encourage the Virginia tobacco crop. 9. During colonial times, the Congregationalists settled in: [ ] New Jersey [ ] New York [ ] Maryland [ ] Pennsylvania [x] New England 10. A central objective of the early New England Puritan leadership was to: [x] establish the moral authority of the community over individual self-interest [ ] eliminate the use of alcohol and tobacco [ ] reproduce the ecclesiastical structure of the Church of England [ ] eliminate any distinction between church and state [ ] establish religious liberty for all 11. A region near a bay is called the: [ ] Piedmont [x] fall line [ ] Great Divide [ ] tidewater [ ] Appalachians 12. All of the following were religious leaders during colonial times EXCEPT: [ ] John Woolman [x] Benjamin Rush [ ] George Whitefield [ ] Cotton Mather [ ] William Ellery Channing 13. A tidewater refers to: [ ] the major eastern mountain range 2

13. A tidewater refers to: [ ] the major eastern mountain range [ ] an area where the directional flow of rivers changes. [ ] the navigability of rivers [x] a plain in the eastern region of the United States [ ] a region near a bay. 14. Who among the following discovered Florida while searching for the legendary "Fountain of Youth?" [ ] Giovanni da Verranzano [ ] Hernando de Soto [x] Juan Ponce de Leon [ ] Francisco Vasquez de Coronado [ ] Ferdinand Magellan 15. The First Great Awakening was: [ ] the flowering of Enlightenment political thought in colonial America. [ ] an eighteenth century religious movement among Native Americans (Indians) dedicated to reaffirming traditional values. [ ] a slave rebellion in colonial South Carolina. [ ] an early colonial protest against English imperial policy. [x] a religious revival that occurred throughout the American colonies. 16. Which of the following MOST ACCURATELY describes the attitude of seventeenth century Puritans toward religious liberty? [x] The tolerated no one whose expressed religious views varied from their own views [ ] They tolerated all Protestant sects, but not Catholics [ ] They tolerated Catholics, but not Quakers [ ] Having suffered persecution in England, they extended toleration to everyone [ ] They had no coherent views on religious liberty 17. Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of slave labor in colonial Virginia? [ ] It was forced on reluctant white Virginians by profit-minded English merchants and the mercantilist officials of the Crown [ ] It first occurred after the invention of Eli Whitney's cotton gin, which greatly stimulated the demand for low-cost labor. [ ] It fulfilled the original plans of the Virginia Company [ ] It was the first case in which Europeans enslaved Blacks [x] It spread rapidly in the late seventeenth century, as blacks displaced white indentured servants in the tobacco fields. 18. The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it led Great Britain to: [x] impose revenue taxes on the colonies [ ] restrict immigration from England [ ] ignore the colonies 3

18. The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it led Great Britain to: [x] impose revenue taxes on the colonies [ ] restrict immigration from England [ ] ignore the colonies [ ] encourage colonial manufactures [ ] grant increased colonial self-government 19. Deists of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries believed that: [x] natural laws, set by the Creator, govern the operation of the universe [ ] prayer has the power to make significant changes in a person's life [ ] the idea of God is merely the childish imagining of simple minds [ ] intuition rather than reason leads human beings to an awareness of the divine. [ ] the universe was created by a natural, spontaneous combining of elements 20. The mercantilist system in the eighteenth century led to: [ ] the restriction of governmental intervention in the economy [ ] the expansion of colonial manufacturing [ ] the protection of Native Americans (Indians) from European economic exploitations [ ] the subordination of the colonial economy to that of the mother country [x] noncompetitive commercial relations among nations. 21. The tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy were distinctive in that they: [ ] successfully resisted incorporation into the English fur-trading system [ ] were less militant than other Native American (Indian) tribes [ ] all allied themselves with the American colonists against Great Britain during the Revolutionary War. [ ] were converted to Anglicanism [x] formed the most important Native American political organization to confront the colonists 22. According to a current widely accepted hypothesis , which of the following was common to all of the native peoples of North and South America before 1492? [ ] Descent from Asian peoples [ ] Domestication of wild horses [ ] Rotation of agricultural crops [x] Accurate astronomical calendars [ ] Mining of gold and silver 23. In the creation of which of the following colonies was commercial profit the first and foremost motive? [ ] Maryland [ ] Rhode Island [ ] Pennsylvania [ ] Connecticut [x] Virginia 4

24. Great Britain's conquest of French North America was facilitated by which of the following? [ ] The munitions industry in Englands Atlantic Seaboard colonies [ ] The Battle of Austerlitz [ ] The discovery of the Northwest Passage [x] The thin settlement of Frances North American colonies [ ] The large number of English-speaking settlers in Canada 25. Benjamin Franklin's advice to eighteenth century American colonists that hard work and thrift would lead them to wealth was an appropriate formula for the time because: [ ] legal restraints on the inheritance of wealth were increasing [ ] land scarcity and a rapidly growing population seriously curtailed economic opportunities [x] formal education and specialized skills were less necessary to economic success than they would later become. [ ] most people of the period were unusually gullible and thus easily motivated by slogans and proverbs. [ ] taxes on income were needed by the government to raise revenues

Unit 1 Test Bank 14 1. In the Seventeenth Century, The Great migration refers to the [ ] Trade in slaves between west Africa and the West Indies [ ] expansion of the White settlement across the Appalachian Mountains [ ] Immigration of the Irish to the colonies [x] settlement of the puritans in Massachusetts Bay [ ] settlement of French speaking Canadians in Louisiana 2. One of the consequences of the Great Awakening was [ ] that the church of England was adopted by the colonies as an officially established church [ ] the discussion of new ideas in religion [ ] a closer sense of unity between England and its colonies [x] a challenge to traditional political beliefs [ ] a growing awareness of the people in the colonies of their rights as Englishmen. 3. The most likely cause of the increase in urban poverty in eighteenth-century America was that [ ] the enclosure movement was brought over from England to displace colonial farmers. [x] when people found it more difficult to acquire property, they went to the cities looking for work [ ] rural jobs paid more than city jobs [ ] urban-dwelling people had more children than those living in rural areas [ ] there was greater economic opportunity in rural areas 4. In pre-Civil War America, the main crop of Virginia was: [ ] sugar [ ] hemp [ ] rice [ ] corn [x] tobacco 5. The "Great Awakening" of the 18th century was [ ] a major religious revival [ ] the process by which a substantial number of America's population began to see the desirability of independence from Great Britain [x] an intellectual and philosophical movement in America similar to the Enlightenment in Europe [ ] a rapid growth in the population of the British colonies in America. [ ] the beginning of the first substantial American contributions to the fields of art and literature 6. The economic theory of mercantilism would be consistent with which of the following statements? [ ] Economies will prosper most when trade is restricted as little as possible [ ] Tariff barriers should be avoided as much as possible [ ] Colonies are of little economic importance to the mother country [x] A government should seek to direct the economy so as to maximize exports [ ] It is vital that a country import more than it exports 1

6. The economic theory of mercantilism would be consistent with which of the following statements? [ ] Economies will prosper most when trade is restricted as little as possible [ ] Tariff barriers should be avoided as much as possible [ ] Colonies are of little economic importance to the mother country [x] A government should seek to direct the economy so as to maximize exports [ ] It is vital that a country import more than it exports 7. The immediate issue in dispute in Bacon's Rebellion was [x] the perceived failure of Virginia's governor to protect the colony's frontier area from the depredations of raiding Indians [ ] the under-representation of the backcountry in Virginia's legislature [ ] the colonial governor's manipulation of tobacco prices for the benefit of himself and a small clique of his friends. [ ] the jailing of individuals or seizure of their property for failure to pay taxes during a time of economic hardship [ ] the refusal of large planters to honor the terms of their contracts with former indentured servants 8. The primary motive of those who founded the British colony in Virginia during the 17th century was [x] desire for economic gain [ ] desire to create a perfect religious commonwealth as an example to the rest of the world [ ] desire for religious freedom [ ] desire to increase the power and glory of Great Britain [ ] desire to recreate in the New World the story of feudalistic society that was fading in the Old 9. In founding the colony of Georgia, James Oglethorpe's primary purpose was to [ ] make a financial profit [ ] provide a refuge for persecuted Christians of all sects from all parts of Europe [x] provide a refuge for English debtors [ ] gain a base for launching English expeditions against Spanish-held Florida [ ] provide a refuge for persecuted English Quakers 10. The purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas was [ ] to exclude any Portuguese colonization from the Western hemisphere [ ] to divide the New World between France and Spain [ ] to specify which parts of North America should be French and which parts Spanish [ ] to create an alliance of France, Holland, and England against Spanish designs in the New World [x] to divide the non-European world between Spain and Portugal 11. The Puritans who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony wanted their settlement to be primarily [ ] a society that practiced complete separation of church and state [ ] a pluralistic society in which all would be free to practice and teach their beliefs. [x] an example to the rest of the world [ ] a place where they could get away from persecution [ ] a place where they would have the opportunity to prosper free from government regulation 2

11. The Puritans who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony wanted their settlement to be primarily [ ] a society that practiced complete separation of church and state [ ] a pluralistic society in which all would be free to practice and teach their beliefs. [x] an example to the rest of the world [ ] a place where they could get away from persecution [ ] a place where they would have the opportunity to prosper free from government regulation 12. The main reason for the British colonial authorities' preference for royal colonies over those with other types of government was [ ] the desire to prevent corruption within colonial governments [ ] the desire to assure that the rights of the colonists were not infringed by greedy proprietors [ ] the need to reduce the size of the colonial bureaucracy [x] the desire to exercise closer control over the colonies [ ] the desire to increase colonial prosperity 13. Colonies such as the Carolinas were known as "restoration colonies" because [ ] they were created as places to send criminals to restore them to civilized behavior and give them a chance to lead decent, honest lives [ ] their creation was an attempt to restore the supremacy of the Anglican church in the colonies. [ ] their creation was mainly due to an effort by the English government to restore a balance of power in the New World between the thriving English colonies in New England and the less successful English colonies in the South [x] their creation was mainly due to the restoration of the Stuarts to the English throne [ ] their creation was mainly due to the restoration of the power of English Parliament over the king 14. By 1760, the biggest problem with the economy of the English colonies was [ ] a lack of demand for the vast quantities of high quality American manufactured goods now being produced, leading to high unemployment in the American colonies [ ] a lack of adequate deep-water ports to provide loading and unloading facilities for the large number of ships now trying to bring goods to or carry goods from the colonies. [ ] a trade surplus so large that England was threatening to confiscate American assets to help balance the English economy [x] smuggling [ ] a huge balance-of-trade deficit that threatened the solvency of the colonial economy 15. The key issue that prevented the American colonists from resolving their problems with England without open rebellion was [ ] the stationing of British soldiers on American soil [x] the sovereignty of Parliament's edicts over the colonies [ ] the sovereignty of King George III over the colonies [ ] the use of boycotts by American colonists to resist taxes passed by Parliament. [ ] American desire for total independence from Britain 16. The Dominion of New England was established by the English government in 1686 to [ ] stimulate trade among the fledgling New England colonies 3

16. The Dominion of New England was established by the English government in 1686 to [ ] stimulate trade among the fledgling New England colonies [x] increase the authority of the English government over the New England colonies. [ ] increase the power of the Puritans [ ] increase the effectiveness of the various New England legislatures [ ] end the Glorious Revolution and restore James II to the English throne 17. In the English colonies in the mid-I8th century, formal education beyond minimal reading and writing skills was considered [x] non-essential for both males and females, except as a status symbol for those who could afford to pay for it. [ ] essential for the children of poor colonists so the children would have a better chance of obtaining wealth [ ] essential for males, but not for females [ ] essential for both males and females [ ] something every colonial government should provide for its colonists 18. Benjamin Franklin was an American whose life exemplified which of the following social movements? [ ] the Restoration [ ] the Abolitionist movement [ ] the Regulator [ ] the Great Awakening [x] the Enlightenment 19. The French colonies in Canada during the 17th and 18th centuries developed an economy dependent primarily on [ ] heavy manufacturing [ ] fishing [ ] agricultural exports [x] the fur trade [ ] the mining of precious metals such as gold and silver 20. The Sugar Act and the Townshend Acts differed from the previously passed Navigation Acts in that [ ] the Sugar Act and the Townshend Acts put specific limits on which goods imported to the colonies could be taxed, whereas the Navigation Acts laid taxed virtually everything transported by ship from Britain to the Colonies. [ ] the Navigation Acts taxed goods imported to the colonies directly from Britain, whereas the Sugar Act and the Townshend Act taxed only goods imported to the colonies from outside of Britain [ ] the Navigation Acts taxed goods based on the distance the goods traveled to reach America, whereas the Sugar Act and the Townshend Acts taxed the goods themselves, regardless of how far they traveled to reach America [ ] the Navigation Acts taxed only goods imported to the colonies from outside of Britain, whereas the Sugar Act and the Townshend Acts taxed goods imported to the colonies directly from Britain [x] the Navigation Acts taxed only the ships on which goods were transported to the colonies, not the merchandise carried by those ships. The Sugar Act and the Townshend Acts taxed specific merchandise carried by the ships to the colonies 21. All of the following factors in 15th and 16th century Europe contributed to the exploration and colonization of the New World EXCEPT: 4

21. All of the following factors in 15th and 16th century Europe contributed to the exploration and colonization of the New World EXCEPT: [ ] major technical advances in navigational equipment [ ] the overthrow of the traditional hierarchical social structure [x] an increase in the wealth of the major European powers [ ] an increase in Europes population [ ] an increase in the power of Europe's absolute monarchs. 22. The conquistador responsible for the conquest of Montezuma and the Aztec Empire in Mexico was [ ] Francisco Pizarro [ ] Hernando De Soto [ ] Giovanni da Verrazano [x] Hernando Cortes [ ] Vasquez de Coronado 23. The use of slavery in the English colonies became widespread after 1660 because [ ] slaves became a symbol of status among the wealthy at about this time [ ] English common law was changed to allow legalized slavery [x] the availability of indentured servants dropped dramatically [ ] it was realized that slaves worked harder than did indentured servants [ ] the price to buy a slave dropped dramatically at about this time.

24. The people depicted in the scene above are [ ] Tazmanians [ ] Tories [x] Pilgrims [ ] Quakers [ ] Huguenots 5

24. The people depicted in the scene above are [ ] Tazmanians [ ] Tories [x] Pilgrims [ ] Quakers [ ] Huguenots 25. The jury in the 1735 trial of John Peter Zenger for the seditious libel of New York's governor [ ] found Zenger guilty of fostering an ill opinion of the government. [ ] could not reach a verdict and dismissed the charges against Zenger [x] acquitted Zenger of libel because his criticism of the governor had been true [ ] declared that the governor could censor the press [ ] asserted that restrictions on the freedom of the press were unconstitutional

Unit 1 Test Bank 12 1. The FIRST permanent European settlement in North America was [ ] St. Augustine, in what is now Florida [ ] New Orleans, in what is now Louisiana [ ] Mobile, in what is now Alabama [x] Jamestown, in what is now Virginia [ ] Santa Fe, in what is now New Mexico 2. The headright system adopted in the Virginia colony [ ] prohibited the settlement of single men and women in the colony. [ ] encouraged the development of urban centers [ ] determined the eligibility of a settler for voting and holding office [ ] toughened the laws applying to indentured servants [x] gave fifty acres of land to anyone who could transport himself to the colony 3. Roger Williams believed that I. religious dissenters should be expelled from any colony. Il. the state should not impose any authority in matters of faith. III. ministers should assume more authority in governmental matters. IV.colonists had no right to land until it was purchased from the Indians. [ ] I, II, III, and IV [ ] I and II only [ ] I, II, and III only [x] II and IV only [ ] II and III only 4. In the 16th century which nation dominated the exploration and colonization of the Americas? [ ] England [x] Spain [ ] Italy [ ] Portugal [ ] France 5. By 1730, blacks were a majority of what mainland English colony's population? [x] South Carolina [ ] Maryland [ ] Virginia [ ] North Carolina [ ] Georgia 6. During the colonial period, most of the attempts to abolish slavery were led by [x] Quakers 1

6. During the colonial period, most of the attempts to abolish slavery were led by [x] Quakers [ ] the yeomen farmers of the South [ ] Methodist ministers [ ] Anglican bishops [ ] the free black population of New England 7. At the beginning of the 18th century, how did the English colonies differ from the Spanish colonies in the Americas? [x] Unlike the Spanish, the English allowed settlers from a variety of nationalities and dissenting sects [ ] The Spanish colonies were more responsive to the new circumstances of the Americas than the English colonies [ ] Spain permitted its colonies a greater degree of self-government [ ] While private investment was responsible for the development of the Spanish colonies, royal money was primarily responsible for the development of the English colonies [ ] The compact pattern of Spanish settlements sharply contrasted with the English pattern of far-flung settlements 8. In which of the following areas of America did the French mostly settle? [ ] Chesapeake Bay [ ] Delaware Valley [ ] Hudson Bay [ ] Hudson Valley [x] St. Lawrence Valley and the West Indies 9. A small group of Spanish "conquistadores" were able to subdue the Aztec Empire because I. smallpox, measles, and famine weakened the Aztecs. II. they were able to ally with tribes fighting the spread of Aztec power. III. the Spanish invasion was seen as a fulfillment of Aztec prophecies. IV. Montezuma was unsure of how to deal with the Spanish. [ ] II, III and IV only [ ] I and II only [ ] III and IV only [x] I, II, III and IV [ ] II and III only 10. The enclosure movement which had been going on since the 16th century in England helped prepare the way for English colonization in North America by [ ] improving the standard of living of the English factory worker [ ] increasing the demand for skilled farmers in England [ ] forcing Queen Elizabeth to negotiate a treaty with Phillip II of Spain allowing English ships unhindered access to North America. [x] displacing farmers and creating a class of unemployed who could migrate to the colonies [ ] encouraging religious toleration between the Catholics and Protestants 2

10. The enclosure movement which had been going on since the 16th century in England helped prepare the way for English colonization in North America by [ ] improving the standard of living of the English factory worker [ ] increasing the demand for skilled farmers in England [ ] forcing Queen Elizabeth to negotiate a treaty with Phillip II of Spain allowing English ships unhindered access to North America. [x] displacing farmers and creating a class of unemployed who could migrate to the colonies [ ] encouraging religious toleration between the Catholics and Protestants 11. The English colony at Jamestown [x] nearly collapsed because the colonists refused to cooperate, searched for gold instead of planting crops, and antagonized the Indians [ ] was developed on a high plateau overlooking the James River [ ] was abandoned [ ] was settled mostly by farmers from the rural areas of England [ ] survived the starving time by forging a temporary alliance with the Spanish 12. The Maryland Act of Toleration (1649) I. was passed in response to the charge that the colony was intolerant toward Protestantism. II. was developed when it appeared that Roman Catholics would be outvoted by Protestants in the colony. III. was repealed when the Puritans gained control of the colony. IV. provided for execution of those not accepting the Trinity. [ ] I, III, and IV only [ ] I, II, and III only [ ] I, II, and IV only [x] I, II, III and IV [ ] I and II only 13. During the 17th century, French settlements in North America were primarily [ ] permanent fishing villages shipping fish to the Catholic countries of Europe [ ] commercial agricultural centers depending upon the exporting of wheat and corn [ ] places of refuge for French Huguenots wanting to practice their religion [x] forts and trading stations serving the fur traders. [ ] ship building centers located near the sources of naval stores 14. The Scotch-Irish immigrants to the English colonies in North America [ ] tended to settle in the cities and towns along the Atlantic seaboard [ ] prosperous and well-educated professionals [ ] were predominantly Roman Catholic [x] felt little loyalty to either the English government or the Anglican Church [ ] quickly became active in and supportive of colonial governments. 15. Indentured servants were usually [ ] the sons and daughters of slaves. 3

15. Indentured servants were usually [ ] the sons and daughters of slaves. [ ] paroled prisoners bound to a lifetime of service in the colonies [x] persons who voluntarily bound themselves to labor for a set number of years in return for transportation to the colonies [ ] slaves who had been emancipated by their masters [ ] free blacks forced to sell themselves into slavery by economic conditions 16. The 16th and 17th centuries-economic theory which held that a state should limit its foreign imports and preserve a favorable balance of trade was [ ] free trade [ ] physiocracy [ ] laissez-faire [x] mercantilism [ ] supply-side economics 17. In general, most Europeans considered the Indians to be [x] heathens who were inferior beings [ ] survivors of the ancient civilization of Atlantis [ ] equal to the Europeans [ ] innocent children who should not be contaminated by European civilization. [ ] descendants of one of the lost tribes of Israel 18. At the time of Columbus' voyages, the Indian societies of the Americas [ ] reflected the same emerging patterns of feudal organization that characterized European societies in the early Middle Ages [ ] believed strongly in the concept of private, individual land ownership [x] generally made a sharp division of labor between mens work and womens work [ ] shared a common language and cultural heritage [ ] probably numbered less than 10 million people 19. Pocahontas I. was taken captive by an English trader and held hostage in Jamestown Il. was converted to Christianity at her request. III. married John Rolfe. IV. died in England. [ ] I and III only [ ] I only [ ] II and IV only [x] I, II, III, and IV [ ] II only 20. The trial of John Peter Zenger in 1735 for seditious libel [ ] determined that government censorship of the press was unconstitutional 4

20. The trial of John Peter Zenger in 1735 for seditious libel [ ] determined that government censorship of the press was unconstitutional [ ] established the governments right to censor the press [ ] found Zenger guilty [x] encouraged editors to be more critical of public officials [ ] resulted in a hung jury and a dismissal of the charges 21. The headright system [x] was commonly used in the Southern colonies to encourage settlement [ ] promised religious freedom to anyone settling in the Southern colonies [ ] defined the rights and responsibilities of indentured servants [ ] gave the vote to all adult white male property owners [ ] determined the boundaries of electoral districts in the colonies 22. The Mayflower Compact [ ] clarified the religious beliefs of the Pilgrims [ ] made provisions for dividing the land in the Plymouth colony among the settlers [ ] was an agreement to follow the Old Testament in establishing a government. [x] created a government since the Pilgrims were landing outside the jurisdiction of any government [ ] developed a plan of government for the settlers in the Virginia colony 23. Prior to the European colonization of the Americas, the greatest civilizations on the continents had developed [ ] among the Plains Indians of North America [x] among the inhabitants of Mesoamerica and northwestern South America. [ ] in the pampas of South American [ ] among the Navaho and Pueblo Indians of southwestern North America [ ] among the Cherokees of eastern North America 24. New York was an English colony because the [ ] England laid claim to the area by right of colonization [ ] English settlers in the area gradually overwhelmed the French and Swedes [x] English conquered the area from the Dutch [ ] Dutch and Swedes of the area petitioned the English to annex the colony [ ] Treaty of Tordesillas gave the area to the English 25. The Scotch-Irish immigrants to the English colonies in North America I. felt little loyalty to either the English government or the Anglican Church. II. came in large numbers in the century due to deteriorating conditions in the Irish woolens industry. III. generally settled on the frontier where they demonstrated a remarkable degree of resourcefulness, rugged individuality, and self-reliance. IV. were predominantly Roman Catholics. [ ] II only [ ] I, II, III, and IV [x] I, II, and III only 5

25. The Scotch-Irish immigrants to the English colonies in North America I. felt little loyalty to either the English government or the Anglican Church. II. came in large numbers in the century due to deteriorating conditions in the Irish woolens industry. III. generally settled on the frontier where they demonstrated a remarkable degree of resourcefulness, rugged individuality, and self-reliance. IV. were predominantly Roman Catholics. [ ] II only [ ] I, II, III, and IV [x] I, II, and III only [ ] II, III, and IV only [ ] I only

Unit 1 Test Bank 16 1. Most of the slaves who came to the thirteen mainland colonies in British North America [ ] were protected from physical harm by the Roman Catholic Churchs Canon Law [ ] were from the southern part of Africa in what is today South Africa [ ] were granted their freedom after a specified period of service [ ] ever made up more than 5% of the population of any colony [x] were considered to be property and as such could be used as collateral for loans 2. Most of the decimation of the Indian population in the Americas during the 16th century resulted from [ ] famine [x] European diseases [ ] wars with the Europeans [ ] enslavement by the Europeans [ ] tribal warfare 3. All of the following were responsible for the development of western European expansion in the 15th century EXCEPT: [ ] an ideology that claimed superiority for the Europeans and inferiority for other peoples [ ] the emergence of nation-states [ ] Thomas Malthus' theory that the population of western Europe would eventually outstrip its food supply [ ] advances in navigational knowledge and ship design [x] the desire to break the monopoly of the Italian States on trade with Asia 4. The FIRST English colony in North America was [ ] the Massachusetts Bay colony, developed by the Puritans [ ] the Plymouth colony on Cape Cod Bay, developed by the settlers from the Mayflower. [ ] the Jamestown colony, developed by the Virginia Company [ ] The Avalon colony in Newfoundland, developed by Lord Baltimore [x] on Roanoke Island in North Carolina, developed by Sir Walter Raleigh 5. The Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 provided for [ ] freedom of conscience for those not accepting the Trinity [ ] the extension of the vote to Jews and non-Christians. [ ] a complete separation of church and state [x] the tolerance of most Christian churches [ ] an end to tax support for any church 6. The colony founded as a haven for Quakers was [ ] New Jersey [ ] Virginia [x] Pennsylvania [ ] Maryland [ ] Rhode Island 1

6. The colony founded as a haven for Quakers was [ ] New Jersey [ ] Virginia [x] Pennsylvania [ ] Maryland [ ] Rhode Island 7. The important staple for export in colonial Virginia was [ ] cotton [ ] sugar cane [x] tobacco [ ] indigo [ ] hemp 8. The colony established by James Oglethorpe as a refuge for honest people imprisoned for debt was [x] Georgia [ ] North Carolina [ ] Pennsylvania [ ] South Carolina [ ] Delaware 9. The fundamental goal of mercantilism in the 17th and 18th centuries was [ ] to eliminate the obstacles to free trade among the countries of Europe [x] to limit foreign imports and to encourage a favorable balance of trade [ ] to have "mother' countries serve as a source of raw materials and the colonies as a source of manufactured goods [ ] to discourage the growth of economic nationalism. [ ] to encourage wealthy nations to provide economic assistance to the developing areas of the world 10. The earliest English colony was [ ] Georgia [ ] Pennsylvania [ ] Maryland [x] Massachusetts bay [ ] New York 11. The purpose of the New England Confederation was to [ ] join with the area to promote tolerance and coexistence [ ] unite all the English colonies in a common bond [x] ease parliaments burden in administrating colonial government [ ] organize colonial defense in New England [ ] prevent the smuggling of enumerated articles 12. Under the Navigation Acts, the enumerated articles were 2

12. Under the Navigation Acts, the enumerated articles were [ ] goods that could be shipped to any country [ ] primarily produced in the West Indies [ ] regulated by Boards of Trade in the colonies. [ ] taxed more heavily than other products [x] goods needed but not produced in England 13. Which of the following was true of the first Great Awakening? [ ] It resulted in divisions within both the Congregational and the Presbyterian churches. [ ] It was denounced by Jonathan Edwards [ ] Cotton Mather was one of its most famous preachers. [x] It was primarily a southern phenomenon [ ] It primarily affected church congregations in towns and cities 14. The only colony to recognize the land rights of Native Americans was [ ] Massachusetts [x] Pennsylvania [ ] New Jersey [ ] Maryland [ ] Virginia 15. The major reason that slavery did not develop in New England was [ ] the presence of a large pool of native-born women as workers [ ] that New England merchants did not mind selling slaves but did not want to be reminded by the presence of slaves [x] that its climate and land features were less adaptable to large-scale farming [ ] Puritan teachings that opposed slavery [ ] the presence of natural resources more suited to industrial development 16. The basic principal of mercantilism was that colonies [x] should benefit the mother country [ ] should maintain a favorable balance of trade with the mother country [ ] should be economically independent as quickly as possible [ ] should manufacture products that were too expensive to make elsewhere [ ] should practice free trade with all nations 17. Which of the following is true of African-American slavery in seventeenth century colonial America? [ ] many Africans worked alongside indentured servants on small farms [ ] upon enslavement, African lost their cultural connection to their homeland [ ] most slaves lived and worked in southern cities [ ] most slaves lived in northern colonies until the cotton gin was invented [x] a series of slave revolts frightened the colonists and prompted enactment of harsh codes for slaves 18. Before the American Revolution, many British convicts came to the colonies as indentured servants because 3

18. Before the American Revolution, many British convicts came to the colonies as indentured servants because [ ] the colonies were a place to get a second chance [x] the convicts preferred the colonies to imprisonment [ ] it was safer in the British colonies than in British prisons [ ] British law required deportation of convicts [ ] life in the colonies was better than in England 19. Anne Hutchinson embraced Antinomianism in Massachusetts Bay when she [x] said ineffective ministers should have no authority in their congregations [ ] left Massachusetts Bay rather than conform to the ideas of John Winthrop [ ] claimed that salvation could be earned through a righteous life [ ] counseled women to accept their proper role in society [ ] called for toleration of the Quaker philosophy 20. How were the Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut similar in purpose? [ ] both established democracy for men and women in their respective colonies [ ] both extended religious toleration to all who wished to settle in New England [ ] both were agreement for leaving the colonies if conditions became too harsh [x] both were covenants that suggested men must work together to achieve their goals [ ] both established specific requirements for voting and defined the power of the governor 21. Which of the following about seventeenth century cities is NOT true? [ ] cities were conduits of intellectual activities throughout the colonies [ ] cities were centers of economic activity [x] city residents were equal in wealth and status [ ] many city residents earned their livings in non-farming activities [ ] cities were often hit hard by diseases 22. The headright system [ ] outlawed capital punishment for most criminal offenses in British North America [ ] placed restrictions on the mobility of slaves in colonial Virginia [ ] made women in colonial New England subordinate to men in all legal matters [x] enabled wealthy land owners to acquire more land by paying the passage of indentured servants [ ] gave farmers in New England a greater share of the town commons for each head of cattle they raised 23. At the end of the French and Indian War the British realized that [ ] long-term peace with France was now possible [ ] the American colonies must produce enough revenue to pay down the British national debt [ ] Spain was now the greatest threat to the British colonies around the world [x] salutary neglect of its American colonies was no longer an effective policy [ ] the colonies were on the verge of revolution 24. The main cause of Bacons Rebellion in 1676 was [ ] growing trouble with convict labor in Virginia 4

24. The main cause of Bacons Rebellion in 1676 was [ ] growing trouble with convict labor in Virginia [ ] tension between Virginia and Maryland over the slave trade [ ] grievances against the indentured servant system [ ] unfair tax policies by the Jamestown government [x] Indian-colonial clashes in the Virginia backcountry 25. Which of the following groups would have benefited most from enforcement of the Proclamation of 1763? [ ] frontier settlers [ ] African slaves [ ] New England merchants [ ] Southern plantation owners [x] Native Americans 26. The Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s seemed necessary to many people because [ ] the Anglican Church was becoming increasingly influential in some areas [ ] the Catholic Church had enjoyed a resurgence throughout the colonies [ ] none of the answers are correct [ ] Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield had been exposed as religious frauds [x] piety and opportunities for salvation seemed to be dwindling among the people division between denominations was growing at an alarming rate

Unit 1 Test Bank 17 1. Which was a member of the Five Nations of Iroquois? [ ] Anasazi [x] Mohawks [ ] Aztecs [ ] Incas [ ] Mayas 2. The economic theory of mercantilism would be consistent with which of the following statements? [x] A government should seek to direct the economy so as to maximize exports [ ] Economics will prosper most when trade is restricted as little as possible [ ] Colonies are of little economic importance to the mother country [ ] It is vital that a country imports more than it exports [ ] Tariff barriers should be avoided as much as possible 3. In what is now Mexico, the Mayas and Aztecs [ ] lived exclusively in small agricultural villages [ ] built earthern mounds [x] developed advanced cultures prior to European contact [ ] existed without any form of written language [ ] successfully resisted the Spanish invasion 4. The immediate issue in dispute in Bacon's Rebellion was [ ] the jailing of individuals or seizure of their property for failure to pay taxes during a time of economic hardship [ ] the under-representation of the backcountry in Virginia's legislature [ ] the refusal of large planters to honor the terms of their contracts with former indentured servants [x] perceived failure of Virginia's governor to protect the colony's frontier area from the depredations of raiding Indians [ ] the colonial governor's manipulation of tobacco prices for the benefit of himself and a small clique of his friends 5. The primary motive of those who founded the British colony in Virginia during the seventeenth century was [x] desire for economic gain [ ] desire for religious freedom [ ] desire to increase the power and glory of Great Britain [ ] desire to create a perfect religious commonwealth as an example to the rest of the world [ ] desire to recreate in the New World the story of feudalistic society that was fading in the Old 6. The purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas was [x] to divide the non-European world between Spain and Portugal [ ] to exclude any Portuguese colonization from the Western Hemisphere [ ] to specify which parts of North America should be French and which parts Spanish [ ] to divide the New World between France and Spain 1

6. The purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas was [x] to divide the non-European world between Spain and Portugal [ ] to exclude any Portuguese colonization from the Western Hemisphere [ ] to specify which parts of North America should be French and which parts Spanish [ ] to divide the New World between France and Spain [ ] to create an alliance of France, Holland, and England against Spanish designs in the New World 7. The Puritans who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony wanted their settlement to be primarily [ ] a society that practiced complete separation of church and state [ ] a place where they could get away from persecution [ ] a pluralistic society in which all would be free to practice and teach their beliefs [ ] a place where they would have the opportunity to prosper free from government regulation [x] an example to the rest of the world 8. Which of the following religions had the most influence upon the daily life of the colonists of the seventeenth century? [ ] The Baptists in the Carolinas [ ] The Anglicans in Virginia [ ] The Baptists in Rhode Island [x] The Puritans in Massachusetts [ ] The Catholics in Maryland 9. Which of the following documents encouraged church membership in the Massachusetts Bay Colony? [x] The Halfway Covenant [ ] The Cambridge Agreement [ ] The Fundamental Constitution [ ] The Fundamental Orders [ ] The Mayflower Compact

10. The cartoon above served as [ ] Thomas Paine's warning against political repression [x] Ben Franklin's exhortation to the colonies to unite against the French [ ] the Committee of Correspondence's warning of impending attack against the colonies [ ] Ben Franklin's exhortation to the colonies to unite against British authority [ ] the slogan of the Sons of Liberty after the Boston Tea Party 11. All of the following were manifestations of mercantilistic theory EXCEPT [x] virtual representation [ ] the Navigation Acts [ ] the Plantation economy [ ] Admiralty Courts [ ] the triangular trade 12. The Puritans believed that the freedom to practice religion should be extended to [ ] all Christians only [ ] all Jews and Christians only [ ] all Protestants only [ ] all inhabitants of the New World, including Africans and Native Americans [x] Puritans only 13. Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts Bay in 1636 for advocating [ ] the export of tobacco [x] the separation of church and state [ ] independence from England [ ] bigamy [ ] women's suffrage 3

13. Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts Bay in 1636 for advocating [ ] the export of tobacco [x] the separation of church and state [ ] independence from England [ ] bigamy [ ] women's suffrage 14. The "First Great Awakening" can be seen as a direct response to which of the following? [ ] Existentialism [ ] Transcendentalism [ ] Postmodernism [x] The Enlightenment [ ] Puritanism 15. Which of the following states the principle of "virtual representation," as it was argued during the eighteenth century? [ ] All English subjects are entitled to a trial before a jury of their peers [ ] Slave populations must be counted when figuring Congressional apportionment, even though slaves may not vote [ ] American property-holding colonists may, if they so desire, join their state legislatures [x] All English subjects, including those who are not allowed to vote, are represented in Parliament [ ] Paper money has value even though it is inherently worth very little 16. Which of the following most accurately describes the system of indentured service in the Chesapeake settlement during the seventeenth century? [ ] Indentured servants, were not protected under Colonial law [ ] Most indentured servants were lured by the promise of freedom and property upon completion of their service [ ] The vast majority of indentured servants died within two years of arriving in the New World [x] Most indentured servants were lured by the promise of freedom and property upon completion of their service [ ] Indentured servants were slaves for life; however, their children were born free and could own property 17. Anglo-American women in colonial times [ ] were required by law to learn to read and write, in order to teach their children [x] could own property or execute legal documents only if they were widowed or unmarried [ ] attended church less frequently than did Anglo-American men [ ] enjoyed more liberties and rights than did Native American women [ ] were more likely than men to do agricultural work 18. In the seventeenth century, the Chesapeake Bay settlement expanded its territorial holdings more quickly than did the Massachusetts Bay settlement primarily because [ ] no Native Americans lived in the Chesapeake Bay area, and the colonists were free to expand their settlements at will [ ] farmland in the Chesapeake area was less fertile, and so more of it was needed to support sustenance farming [ ] Massachusetts settlers were entirely uninterested in expansion [x] farming of the chief Chesapeake export, tobacco, required a great deal of land 4

18. In the seventeenth century, the Chesapeake Bay settlement expanded its territorial holdings more quickly than did the Massachusetts Bay settlement primarily because [ ] no Native Americans lived in the Chesapeake Bay area, and the colonists were free to expand their settlements at will [ ] farmland in the Chesapeake area was less fertile, and so more of it was needed to support sustenance farming [ ] Massachusetts settlers were entirely uninterested in expansion [x] farming of the chief Chesapeake export, tobacco, required a great deal of land [ ] a high birthrate and healthy environment resulted in the Chesapeake region 19. The English colonists who settled Virginia and the neighboring Indian tribes had widely different attitudes about all of the following subjects EXCEPT [ ] whether property could be privately owned [ ] how best to utilize the earth's resources [ ] what type of work was appropriate for men and women [ ] the means by which leaders should receive and exercise power [x] the centrality of religion in daily life 20. Puritan emigration from England came to a near-halt between the years 1649 and 1660 because, during that period [ ] most English Puritans were imprisoned for heresy [ ] the New England settlement had become too overcrowded, and colonial legislatures strongly discouraged immigration [ ] most Puritans converted to Catholicism [ ] Parliament outlawed travel to the New World [x] the Puritans controlled the English government 21. The Treaty of Paris, which ended the French and Indian war, provided that [ ] England would cede Florida to Spain in return for Louisiana [ ] France would retain control of all land west of the Mississippi River [ ] Native Americans would receive a large reservation on the Ohio River [x] France would surrender its North American territories east of Mississippi river to England [ ] the English colonies would be exempt from the Navigation Acts 22. The basic principle of mercantilism was that colonies [ ] should be economically independent as quickly as possible [ ] should maintain a favorable balance of trade with the mother country [ ] should practice free trade with all nations [x] should benefit the mother country [ ] should manufacture products that were too expensive to make elsewhere 23. The participants in Shay's Rebellion believed their actions were justified by which of the following beliefs? [ ] Any government action that is unpopular must be resisted [x] When the government abuses its power, the people have a right to resist [ ] Taxation is the root of all government abuse and must be resisted [ ] When the government cannot protect property, the people must [ ] Oppressive landowners must be brought to justice no matter what the cost 5

23. The participants in Shay's Rebellion believed their actions were justified by which of the following beliefs? [ ] Any government action that is unpopular must be resisted [x] When the government abuses its power, the people have a right to resist [ ] Taxation is the root of all government abuse and must be resisted [ ] When the government cannot protect property, the people must [ ] Oppressive landowners must be brought to justice no matter what the cost

24.

Picture: General Braddock's Death at the Battle of Monongahela

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24.

Picture: General Braddock's Death at the Battle of Monongahela

One significant result of the French and Indian War was

[x] an increase in the British national debt [ ] a decrease in interest in colonial settlement in western areas [ ] the end of Indian threats to settlers in the Ohio River Valley [ ] an increase in the power of the French navy [ ] a centralized French system of governance in place of the laissez faire approach of the British 7

25. Picture:

John Winthrop, Massachusetts Bay governor

One of the principal reasons for the immigration to Massachusetts Bay in the 1630s was
[ ] Royalists fleeing England after the execution of Charles I [ ] discoveries of gold in New England [ ] the easy life in the American colonies based on the experience of the Jamestown colonists [ ] the spirit of religious toleration present in Massachusetts Bay colony [x] religious and political unrest in England

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Unit 1 Test Bank 18

1. Four of the following statements about Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island, are accurate. Which is not? [ ] he proclaimed that the King of England had no right to give away land that belonged to the Indians [ ] he was expelled from Massachusetts Bay Colony [x] Rhode Island became a religious haven for those persecuted for their beliefs, including Baptists, Quakers, and Jews [ ] he consistently supported the religious and political leaders of the Colony [ ] he supported the separation of church and state and opposed the citizen's oath demanded by the officials of Massachusetts Bay

2. Picture: Cahokia: the walkways are modern, the manmade hills are not

The Indian tribes settling in the Mississippi River Valley region in pre-Columbian America
[ ] built cliff dwellings and elaborate canal systems [ ] built stepped pyramids, had a glyphic writing system, and very accurate calendars [ ] never developed large settlements [x] established a settlement near the present city of St. Louis that featured temple mounds and may have included 2

[x] established 40,000 people a settlement near the present city of St. Louis that featured temple mounds and may have included 40,000 people [ ] roamed the Great Plains as nomads and mainly hunted buffalo [ ] roamed the Great Plains as nomads and mainly hunted buffalo

3. Picture: An ornate Mayan mask made of jade At the times of Columbus's arrival in the New World, how did the Indians of Central America and Mexico differ from those farther north? 3

3. Picture: An ornate Mayan mask made of jade At the times of Columbus's arrival in the New World, how did the Indians of Central America and Mexico differ from those farther north? [ ] more nomadic [x] more highly civilized [ ] less numerous [ ] more warlike 4

[ ] some were dependent on roaming herds of buffalo

4. Picture: Statue of John Winthrop, first governor of Massachusetts Bay by Richard Saltonstall Greenough (1873) Four of the following colonies began as or became refuges for religious believers. Which did not? [ [ [ [ ] Rhode Island ] Massachusetts Bay ] Plymouth ] Pennsylvania 5

4. Picture: Statue of John Winthrop, first governor of Massachusetts Bay by Richard Saltonstall Greenough (1873) Four of the following colonies began as or became refuges for religious believers. Which did not? [ ] Rhode Island [ ] Massachusetts Bay [ ] Plymouth [ ] Pennsylvania [x] Delaware 6

5. Picture: The Center of British Mercantilism, London, 1700 The British policy of mercantilism in the 18th Century did not contain which of the following premises? [ ] colonies should serve as markets for Britain's exports [ ] all trade between a foreign country and a colony should be subject to British control [ ] Britain's economic health was determined by the amount of gold and silver in the nation's treasury [x] colonies should be allowed to trade openly with other European nations [ ] colonies should serve as sources of raw materials for Britain

6. Picture: "The Peaceable Kingdom" by Edward Hicks (1834) Quaker William Penn can be seen negotiating with Indians at left Members of the Quakers, or the Society of Friends, believed all of the following except [x] following the rites of baptism and communion was essential to please God [ ] Indians should be treated with respect [ ] slavery was wrong [ ] simplicity in dress was preferred [ ] all types of religious expression should be tolerated

7. Picture: Fairfield, Connecticut town square The most common governing institution in 18th Century colonial New England was the [ ] King's Privy Council [ ] Board of Trade [ ] local Puritan Church [x] town meeting [ ] House of Burgesses

8. Picture: Slave auctions, part of America's racial legacy Slavery, which grew very slowly in the American colonies between 1619 and 1680, expanded rapidly after that because [ ] a. tobacco replaced indigo as the most important Southern crop [x] b. the supply of indentured servants decreased while the need for laborers continued to grow [ ] c. Bacon's Rebellion worried landowners [ ] d. a new strain of cotton was developed [ ] e. harsh colonial laws regarding slave behavior reduced concerns about possible slave uprisings

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9. Picture: Martin Luther Nailing the 95 Theses on the Wittenberg Church Door, 1517 Martin Luther's concept of the priesthood of all believers [ ] a. had minimal impact on Christianity in Europe or America [ ] b. encouraged a deferential and respectful view towards both religious and political authorities [x] c. helped spur an attitude of independent thinking in both religious and political affairs [ ] d. strengthened the power of the Roman Catholic Church [ ] e. led to Protestant worship of the Virgin Mary

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10. Picture: George Whitefield The Great Awakening resulted in all of the following except: [ ] a. the founding of a number of new colleges, including Princeton, Dartmouth, and Brown [ ] b. an increase in interest in church attendance for Presbyterians, Methodists, and Baptists [ ] c. the emergence of effective preachers such as Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield [ ] d. a split between New Light and Old Light congregations [x] e. a strengthening of the Anglican Church in the colonies

11. Picture: "Arresting a Witch" by Howard Pyle, 1893 The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692 [ ] was over quickly and resulted in imprisonments, but no deaths 13

11. Picture: "Arresting a Witch" by Howard Pyle, 1893 The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692 [ ] was over quickly and resulted in imprisonments, but no deaths [ ] took place in Connecticut [ ] set a pattern of hanging witches that became common in New England during the 18th century [ ] began when a group of boys accused other Salem residents of practicing witchcraft [x] resulted in the deaths of 20 persons accused of witchcraft

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12. Picture: Peter F. Rothermel's "Patrick Henry Before the Virginia House of Burgesses" protesting the Stamp Act, 1765 Which of the following was the main reason offered by colonists for opposing Parliament's taxes? [ ] a. the tax rates were higher in the colonies than in England [x] b. Parliament did not have the authority to levy an internal tax [ ] c. taxes were not applied evenly throughout the colonies [ ] d. the money raised in the colonies would be spent elsewhere in the British Empire [ ] e. only the Continental Congress could administer taxes

13. Picture: Tobacco, the source of colonial Virginia's wealth Which of the following statements about 17th century colonial Virginia is correct? [ ] a. unlike Massachusetts, it had no established church [x] b. it was governed by an appointed governor and governor's council and a House of Burgesses elected by landowners [ ] c. by 1640 a great majority of its plantation laborers were African slaves 16

13. Picture: Tobacco, the source of colonial Virginia's wealth Which of the following statements about 17th century colonial Virginia is correct? [ ] a. unlike Massachusetts, it had no established church [x] b. it was governed by an appointed governor and governor's council and a House of Burgesses elected by landowners [ ] c. by 1640 a great majority of its plantation laborers were African slaves [ ] d. the indentured servants' chances of upward social mobility improved in the second half of the 1600s [ ] e. conflict with Native Americans was nonexistent

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14. Picture: Anne Hutchinson, who ran afoul of Puritan authority "Anne Hutchinson on Trial" by Edwin Austin Abbey, 1901 Which of the following accurately characterizes Puritan New England in the 1600s [ ] a. religious toleration was highly valued [ ] b. large landowning families controlled the political and social life of the colonies [ ] c. the main economic activity was farming on large plantations [x] d. there was a major overlap of religious and political authority [ ] e. education and literacy were not highly valued

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15. Picture: Statue of Pop in Capitol's Statuary Hall Pop gained fame in Spanish America for [ ] a. assisting Junipero Serra in establishing the California missions [ ] b. walking from Florida across the Gulf of Mexico coast before reaching Spanish settlements in Mexico [x] c. organizing a revolt against the Spanish in 1680 in New Mexico which resulted in 400 deaths [ ] d. helping Coronado explore the Grand Canyon region [ ] e. publicizing the abuses of the Spanish encomienda system

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16. Picture: King Ferdinand points across Atlantic as Columbus is greeted by Indians Title page to Lettera delle isole novamente trovata by Giuliano Dati (1493) Within 100 years of the arrival of Christopher Columbus on the island of San Salvador in the West Indies [ ] no one still had circumnavigated the globe 20

[ ] the native population of the Caribbean islands was tremendously diminished by European diseases and war [ ] the California mission system was established by Father Junipero Serra [x] major European settlements had been established in North America by French and British colonists [ ] Spain had lost interest in the New World

17. Picture: Father Marquette preaching to Indians The explorations of Jolliet, Marquette, and LaSalle were significant because [ ] they found enormous deposits of gold [ ] they discovered the Continental Divide [ ] they discovered the Northwest Passage [ ] they prevented the British from settling on the east coast of North America [x] they allowed France to claim an enormous region referred to as Louisiana

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18. Picture: 1737 front page of Gentleman's Magazine, one of the American colonies' most influential periodicals The most important means of both domestic communication and transportation during the American colonial period was [ ] turnpikes [ ] animal paths [x] rivers and the Atlantic Ocean [ ] railroads [ ] canals

19. Picture: John Smith's map of Virginia, 1612 The first permanent English settlement in the New World was established at [ ] Roanoke Island, Virginia [ ] Newfoundland, Canada [ ] St. Augustine, Florida [x] Jamestown, Virginia [ ] Plymouth, Massachusetts

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20. Picture: 1937 stamp honoring Virginia Dare, the first English child born in America Sir Walter Raleigh's colonization attempt in the New World in 1585 [x] disappeared with no survivors and the word "Croatoan" carved on a post [ ] first landed on Cape Cod, then settled at Plymouth [ ] first landed at Yorktown, then settled at Jamestown [ ] was a huge success and proved the basis for William Shakespeare's play The Tempest [ ] was a search for religious freedom

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21. Picture: The Freake Family, 1671-1674 In colonial American society [ ] a. women were seen as equal to men [ ] b. women had absolutely no social rights and could not even divorce their husbands [x] c. almost the only opportunity for women to work was inside the home [ ] d. women could usually vote [ ] e. women became prominent preachers in Protestant churches following the Great Awakening

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22. Picture: "Franklin Drawing Electricity From the Sky" by Benjamin West, 1816 Which of the following terms probably most accurately characterizes the religious perspective of both Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson? [ ] a. atheist [ ] b. agnostic [ ] c. theist [x] d. deist [ ] e. pantheist

23. Picture: Christopher Columbus by Sebastiano del Piombo (1520) The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World between which two European nations? [ ] a. Spain and France [ ] b. Spain and England [x] c. Spain and Portugal [ ] d. Portugal and France [ ] e. Prtugal and England

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24. Picture: Quaker Mary Dyer being led to the gallows in Boston in 1660, an example of Puritan intolerance Which of the following was an early advocate of religious toleration in colonial America? [ ] a. John Winthrop [x] b. Roger Williams [ ] c. Cotton Mather [ ] d. Nathaniel Bacon [ ] e. John Smith

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25. Picture: John Winthrop, Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Which of the following was not a belief of the Puritans who came to Massachusetts Bay in the 1630s? [ ] a. the Bible was the most important guide to daily life [ ] b. women should be subservient to men [x] c. God judged people to be righteous and worthy of heaven because of good works they accomplished [ ] d. the Church of England had become too much like the Roman Catholic Church in its practices [ ] e. hard work and thrift were qualities desired by God

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