A Research on Carrier Frequency OIIset Estimation

Method Ior IEEE 802.16m System

Jun Woo Kim, Seungjae Bahng, Youn Ok Park, Whan Woo Kim*
Electronics Telecommunications Research Institute, Cloud Base-Station Research Team
Chungnam National University, Division oI Electrical & Computer Engineering*
jwkim74etri.re.kr, sjbahngetri.re.kr, yoparketri.re.kr, wwkimcnu.ac.kr`


Abstract- In this paper, several methods of carrier frequency
offset (CFO) estimation for IEEE 802.16m WirelessMAN-
Advanced are suggested and their performances are verified.
Fractional part of CFO can be measured using time-domain
repetition, and two types of repetition can be utilizable in IEEE
802.16m: the cyclic prefix and PA-preamble. Comparing the
CFO measurement performance of the two methods by computer
simulation, effective method of CFO measurement in IEEE
802.16m system is suggested.

Keywords OFDM, IEEE 802.16m, CFO, CP, Preamble

I. INTRODUCTION
As OFDM systems such as IEEE 802.16m are very
sensitive to CFO, estimating precise value oI CFO and
compensating it are critical issue
|1|
. CFO is usually estimated
Irom phase oIIset oI two identical repeated patterns
|2|
.
The IEEE 802.16m WirelessMAN-Advanced
|3|
is an IEEE
standard Ior IMT-Advanced system, and it contains two types
oI repetition structure. They are cyclic preIix (CP) and
primary advanced preamble (PA-preamble). While CP is
identically repeated in each OFDM symbol, repeated part oI
PA-preamble is multiplied by negative sign.
This paper describes CFO measurement using CP, PA-
preamble, and the both. The test results show all the three
methods are accurate enough in moderate SNR circumstance,
and also show the most precise measurement is provided using
both CP and PA-preamble.

II. CFO MEASUREMENT METHODS


Figure 1. IEEE 802.16m downlink preambles.
Figure 1 shows downlink Irame structure oI IEEE 802.16m
system. There are one PA-preamble and two secondary
advanced preambles (SA-preambles) in a 20 ms long super-
Irame, and each 5 ms Irame is separated by 60 us long
receive/transmit transition gap (RTG).


Figure 2. Repetition in a PA-preamble.
Figure 2 shows repetition in time domain PA-preamble. N
is the length oI PA-preamble, and L
CP
is the CP length. With
the exclusion oI CP, the time-domain samples oI PA-preamble
are repeated with negative sign.
We suggested measuring CFO using CPs oI preambles, PA-
preamble, and the two altogether in earlier research
|4|
, and
explained that CFO calculated by CP and PA-preamble has
opposite noise power term as shown in (1) and (2). W is
additive noise, y(k) is received OFDM symbol, r(k) is
transmitted PA-preamble value, and R(k) is repeated part oI
PA-preamble.

( ) ( )
( )
2 2
1
*
0
1
0
1 1
arg
2
1 1
arg
2
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
L
k
L
k
y k y k N
L
r k W
L
c
t
t

=

= +
`
)

(
+
`

)
_
_

(1)

( )
2 2
/ 2 1
*
0
/ 2 1
0
2 2
arg
2
2
arg ( )
2
PA
N
k
N
k
N
r k r k
N
N
R k W
c
t
t

=
| |
= +
`
|
\ . )
(

`
(
)
_
_

(2)

In this paper, we compare their perIormances in various
situations such as DC oIIset and time synchronization error,
and also in various channel environments.

307 978-1-4673-4828-7/12/$31.0020122IEEE ICTC2012
III.SIMULATION ENVIRONMENTS
Table 1 shows the test parameters oI IEEE 802.16m
simulator. Our simulator is implemented in Matlab/Simulink.
TABLE 1. SIMULATION PARAMETERS
Parameters Value
Bandwidth 20 MHz
Carrier Frequency 2.4 GHz
Sampling Frequency 22.4 MHz
Subcarrier Spacing 10.94 kHz
RTG length 60 us
FFT size 2048
CP length 256 samples
Assigned CFO 1 kHz (0.0914)
Used Channel
AWGN, Ped-A 3km/h,
Veh-A 80 km/h
|5|


IV.SIMULATION RESULTS

Figure 3 shows the simulation results with ped-A 3 km/h
channel and veh-A 80 km/h channel. It shows that diIIerent
channel environments cause slightly diIIerent perIormances,
but the diIIerence is negligible except in extremely low SNR
region
|6|
. Some diIIerent trends are due to short averaging
period and could be eliminated by long averaging Iilter tap.


Figure 3. Ped-A 3 km/h channel simulation result.


Figure 4. Time oIIset simulation result.
Figure 4 depicts the eIIect oI 10-sample synchronization
time oIIset. All three types oI measurement methods show
perIormance deterioration, but the measurement errors are
still in acceptable range.


Figure 5. DC oIIset simulation result.
Figure 5 represents the inIluence oI dynamic DC oIIset. The
eIIect oI DC oIIset is stronger than that oI SNR, and the result
oI PA-preamble method is 2 times worse because oI
calculating procedure. We can also notice that the signs oI
error oI CP method and PA-preamble method are opposite to
each other.
V. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, the perIormances oI some CFO estimation
methods in IEEE 802.16m system are inspected. All methods
show reliable perIormances in various channel environments,
and the strong useIul tendencies oI each method are noticed.
This research is helpIul in selecting algorithms and designing
robust automatic Irequency controller (AFC) oI IEEE
802.16m system.

VI.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research was supported by the KCC (Korea
Communications Commission), Korea, under the R&D
program supervised by the KCA (Korea Communications
Agency)"(KCA-2012-971-04-012)
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