1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The general situation of the project

The circular tunnel part of the Shanghai No.2 Metro
Line projects starts from the Zhong Shan Park metro
stations in the west and ends at the Long Dong Road
metro station in the east . It is a dual line (both up
bound and down bound) with a total length of
24.122km, and altogether 12 metro stations are built.
The entire line transversely penetrates through
Changning, Jingan, Huangpu district, and Pudong
New Zone. With the exception of south of Dongfang
Road, Pudong, most of them are farmlands, the rest
sections are situated at a municipal environment
where the traffic conditions at ground surface are
densely built and the underground pipelines are
intricate and complicated. Especially the running
tunnel that is in the Puxi section will penetrate
beneath Nanjing Road that usually has the name as
the China No. 1 Street hence the difficulty of
construction is very large. The completion of No.2
Metro Line, together with No.1 Metro Line and the
No.1 Bright Pearl Line under construction will
constitute a high speed railed traffic system which is a
combination of both ground and underground
communications in Shanghai and forms the shape of
a Chinese character (Shen). (For detail, please
refer to fig.1)
Figure 1 The general layout of No.2 Metro Line
A comprehensive narration on tunnelling construction technique by
shield method employed in the Shanghai No.2 Metro Line
Wen-Bo, Z
The Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co Ltd

Hui-Ming, W
The Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co Ltd

ABSTRACT: This paper takes the Shanghai No.2 Metro Line project as the background. This paper introduces
special technique measures regarding shield penetrating through densely built buildings on the ground surface
and special underground pipelines. It also aims at overlain intersected working conditions of tunnel, puts
forward the computing formulae regarding the heaving up deformation of ground surface, and gives the
mathematical model with regard to the strata movement during shield penetrating at the overlain (or
superimposed underlain) intersected tunnels.


Shield method is applied to the construction of
running tunnels of No.2 Metro Line in which the
running tunnel section between the Jingan Temple
to Shimen Yi Road adopts 6340m.m. Mud feed
type earth pressure balanced shield machine
designed and manufactured by the Shanghai Tunnel
Engineering Co. Ltd.; the running tunnel between
Luj i azui and Henan Road empl oys
6340m.m.earth pressure balanced shield machine
jointly manufactured by Sino-French; the rest
running tunnel sections all adopt6340m.m. Earth
pressure balance shield machine manufactured by
the French F C B Company and has been used in the
original No.1 Metro Line and all these have been
repaired and maintained.

The running tunnel of the Metro includes
respectively an up bound line and a down bound
line. The exterior diameter of tunnel lining is
6200m.m, whereas the interior diameter i s
5500m.m. The lining consists of prefabricated
reinforced concrete segments, each ring whose
width is 1000m.m.consists of a top sealing (or
inserting) segment (F), adjacent segment (L1 and
L2), standard segments (B1 and B2) and bottom
segment (D) etc. such 6 segments erected and
assembled. With the exception of the running tunnel
between the Yang Road station and Dongfang Road
station; M30 bolts are adopted for the connection of
two adjacent segments both in the longitudinal and
circumferential joints, the designed strength class is
C50, the anti-seepage class is S8, the composite
water swelling rubber and neoprene rubber forming
an elastic sealant packing are adopted for the
waterproofing of joints.

1.2 Engineering geology

The main strata penetrated through by the running
tunnels of No.2 Metro Line along the line are:
2

Grayish sandy silt layer, which is apt to cause
quicksand; Grayish muddy silty clay layer,
saturated, highly plastic, pertaining to highly
compressible soil; Grayish muddy clay layer,
saturated highly plastic
~
plastic, inter bedded with
few t hi n l ayer of silt, pertaining to highly
compressible soil;
1-1
Grayish clay layer, very wet,
soft plastic
~
plastic, after being disturbed, the
settlement is large, pertaining to medium
compressible soil;
1-2
Grayish silty clay layer,
very wet, soft plastic, after being disturbed, the
settlement is large, part inter-bedded with thin layer
of silt, pertaining to medium compressible soil. The
physical mechanical property indices of the under
river section of the running tunnel between Lujiazui
Road Station and Henan Road Station are detailed
in table 1

1.3 Difficulties in construction technique

In the course of boring the running for the No.2
Metro Line by shield method, it is necessary to
penetrate beneath a great many densely built ground
buildings, ground traffic trunk roads and special
under ground pipelines; hence, the demand to the
environmental protection is relatively high, a brief
introduction will be given as follows:

(1) Boring the running tunnel between Lujiazui
Station and Henan Road Station by shield method
will be carried out simultaneously with boring the
sight-seeing tunnel at the Bund;
(2) In the course of boring the running tunnel from
the Peoples Park Station to Henan Road Station,
the shield machine will penetrate through beneath
No.1 Metro Line, which is in operation;
(3) In the course of boring the running tunnel from
Yanggao Road Station to Dongfang Road Station,
the shield machine will penetrate through the
diversion box culvert in the upper reaches;
(4) In the course of boring the tunnel from Jingan
Temple Station to Shimen Yi Road Station, the
shield machine will penetrate beneath the basement
of famous (or well-known) City Plaza;
(5) In the course of boring the tunnel from the
Lujiazui Road Station to the Henan Road Station,
the shield machine will penetrate an all cross
section silt layer.

1.4 The development and spread application of
scientific research items

( 1) The mut ual af f ect i ng t heor y and t he
construction technological research work for the
overlain intersection construction of the tunnel; (the
running tunnel between the Lujiazui Road Station
and Henan Road Station)
(2) The spread appl i cat i on for t he t unnel
construction expert system by shield method. (From
Yanggao Road Station to Dongfang Road Station,
Jingan Temple Station to Jiangsu Road Station, The
Peoples Park Station to Henan Road Station, the
Lujiazui Station to Henan Road Station etc. such
running tunnels)


.
Table 1 The physical mechanical property indices for under river (or river crossing) section of running tunnel between
Lujiazui Road station and Henan Road station
Coefficient of
seepage
Water
conten
t

W
Natur
al
void
ratio
E
Coefficie
nt of
compress
ibility
A1-a
Modulus
of
compressi
bility E1-a
KV KH
Uncon
fined
compr
essive
streng
th Qu
Vane
streng
th
su
Static
triaxia
l
cohesi
on Cu
Coefficient
of static
lateral
pressure
N0.Of
Layers
Sorts
of
numer
ical
value
% Mpa
-1
Mpa Cm/s Cm/s Kpa Kpa Kpa
Max. 37.8 1.071 0.38 8.82
2.49
E-4
1.05
E-4
66.0
Mean 34.5 0.984 0.28 6.93 -- -- 50.4 49.4 0.44

2

Grayish
sandy silt
Min. 30.5 0.881 0.22 4.99
6.40
E-5
4.78
E-5
41.6
Max. 43.3 1.212 0.76 3.72 62.7 42.6 0.51
Mean 40.5 1.136 0.63 3.31 43.0 31.6 23.0 0.47
Grayish
muddy silty
clay Min. 36.8 1.030 0.54 2.97 28.7 20.5 0.42
Max. 58.9 1.59 3 1.41 3.31
1.28
E-7
1.86
E-7
72.1 34.5 32.0 0.58
Mean 50.8 1.408 1.07 2.23 -- -- 46.6 29.3 30.0 0.56
Grayish
muddy clay
Min. 45.1 1.233 0.67 1.65
3.00
E-7
4.20
E-7
33.0 25.9 26.0 0.48
Max. 43.5 1.267 0.75 4.53 80.0 48.0 53.0
Mean 38.6 1.110 0.61 3.37 67.0 42.0 40.0 0.54

1-1

Grayish clay
Min. 34.0 0.988 0.44 2.76 39.6 36.0 31.0
Max. 39.5 1.171 0.74 6.45
1.37
E-6
2.90
E-6
97.0 76.0 0.56
Mean 33.4 0.993 0.45 4.53 -- -- 80.7 58.0 0.54

1-2

Grayish silty
clay
Min. 28.6 0.887 0.28 3.27
31.4
E-7
1.30
E-7
43.9 40.0 0.52

Aimed at the relevant technical difficulties
encountered in the construction of the above
mentioned running tunnels, corresponding
technical measures are adopted, they are as
follows:

2. THE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE FOR
T HE S HORT T E RM OVE RL AI N
INTERSECTED TUNNEL

2.1 A brief introduction

In the course of boring the running tunnel between
Lujiazui and Henan Road, the No.2 Metro Line
beneath the Puxi flood wall and the sightseeing
tunnel at the Bund is obliquely intersected at an
angle of 51

21

, the net distances from the top part

of the up bound tunnel to down bound tunnel are
respectively 1.57m and 2.18m (for detail, refer to
fig.2.), thus, it forms a three tunnels mutually
overlain intersections and penetrated working
conditions.
The sequence of construction is:
The No.2 up bound Metro Line, the No.2 down
bound Metro Line, the sight seeing tunnel at the
Bund. The sight -seeing tunnel project at the Bund
starts from the Pudong entrance and exit shaft at the
west side of the Oriental Bright Pearl Television
Tower in the east, and ends to the Puxi entrance and
exit shaft in the greening belt of the Nanjing Road
Bund (northern side of Chen Yi sculptured portrait),
with a total length of 646.70m, The exterior
diameter of the tunnel is 7.48m, and the interior
diameter is 6.76m, and the7650mm articulated
earth pressure balanced shield machine is adopted
to bore the tunnel.

The interval of cons truction tune between the No.2
Metro Line tunnel and the sightseeing tunnel at the
Bund is only about 3 months; the tunnel is still in an
unstable state then. As the soil mass is unstable, it is
sure to cause mutual affections, hence it is a new
topic necessary to be studied for construction by
shield method. Thus, mathematical model is
established in order to execute indoor s imulated
experiment, in order, to instruct the practical work.



Fig2 A sketch drawing regarding the passing of No.2Mero Line and sight-seeing tunnel at the Bund



Fig .4 The variation diagram regarding subsiding trough of sight-seeing tunnel







-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
250mm 0mm 250mm
Position of mcasunng point (at 400mm distant for wall of earth trough,
0: at axis) Position of cutting edge distant form wall of earth trough regarding subsiding trough of sight-seeing tunnel
S
u
b
s
i
d
i
n
g

v
a
l
u
e

(

1
/
1
0
0
0
m
m
)
300mm
500mm
700mm
No.2 Metro Line,up bound(exterior diameter 6200mm)
Sight-seeing tunnel(Exterior diameter 7480mm)
No.2 Metro Line down bound(exterior diameter 6200mm)
Sight-seeing tunnel
Shield driven direction
1-1
2 - 2
D o w n b o u n d Up bound
Fig.2 A sketch drawing regarding the position of No.2 Metro Line and sight-seeing tunnel at the Bund
2.18m 1.57m
8.82m 7.01m
1
1
2
2
1 2 3 4 5
5 4
3 2 1
1

4
2
3
5
0
No.2 Metro Line,down bound
No.2 Metro Line,up bound
Sight-seeing tunnel
Fig.3 The layout plot regarding monitoring & measuring points of settlement
Fig3 The layout plot regarding monitoring &measuring point of settlement

2.2 The Indoor Experiment and Data Analysis
Regarding the Dynamic state Overlain Intersection of
Tunnel

2.2.1 Indoor experiment ; System design

Based upon the practical dimensions and level of the
tunnel, the simulated device for experiment will be
reduced at a scale of 1:48, and 133mm and
159mm seamless steel pipe will be respectively
adopted to simulate both the metro tunnel and the
sightseeing tunnel, the dimension of the earth trough
is:1400mm1200mm820mm (lengthwidth
height).

Two mini-type shield machine borers will be
equipped to adjust the decelerator motor taken as its
power. The one drives the screw rod to make the
shield driven forward in the soil mass, the other
actuates the cutter disc to cut the soil mass, the shield
driven speed may be adjusted during carrying out
experiment, whereas the revolution speed of the
cutter disc will simulate the working state of the
shield machine.

2.2.2 Analysis of experiment

The above figure shows the practical shape of the
subsiding trough, it occurs after the completion of
shield driven for the No.2 up bound Metro Line, and
after the penetration of the sight-seeing tunnel, the
subsiding trough is produced by adding the subsiding
vectors caused by the previous two tunnels. Due to
the skeleton effect possessed by the soil mass itself,
the heave and settlement caused by the construction
for the two previous tunnels will act a mutually
complementary action the construction of the current
tunnel, resulted in the display of asymmetry of the
subsiding trough.
(1) The transverse subsiding trough
(2) T h e longitudinal subsiding trough

Fig5 The curve diagram of the longitudinal subsiding trough during boring the sight -seeing tunnel
Fig6 When the sightseeing tunnel penetrates through the overlain (superimposed) intersecting point the pressure variation
diagram of the No. up bound Metro Line

- 4 5
- 4 0
- 3 5
- 3 0
- 2 5
- 2 0
- 1 5
- 1 0
- 5
0
5
1 0
1 2 3 4
P o s i t i o n o f m e a s u r i n g p o i n t
S
u
b
s
i
d
i
n
g

v
a
l
u
e

1
/
1
0
0
m
m

3 0 0
5 0 0
7 0 0
0
5 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 5 0 0
2 0 0 0
2 5 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P o s i t i o n
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

1
/
1
0
0
0
0
0
M
P
a

Fig7 The rebound deformation of the tunnel


Similar to the single tunnel, following boring
forward of the tunnel by shield machine, the
maximum variation point of the ground surface
settlement is incessantly moving forward, and the
state of the curve is gradually approaching to stable.
This explains that the disturbance of soil mass
caused by boring forward of the superimposed
intersecting tunnel has no great affection to the state
of subsiding curve and its property.
1) The pressure of soil mass
When t he t unnel penet rat es t hrough t h e
superimposed intersecting point, the initial pressure
of the tunnel will be significantly reduced, then
gradually restored, but the pressure cannot attain to
its original pressure value.

2.3 A mathematical model for the strata movement
caused by the superimposed intersection of the
tunnel.

2.3.1 Park's formula.

The transversely distributed ground surface
settlement formula:


Where V1 represents the lost quantity of strata per
unit length of tunnel, the coefficient of the width of
subsiding trough may be determined by Kraft
Schmidt formula:
8 . 0
)
2
(
R
Z
R
i

Where:
R represents the radius of the tunnel; Z represents
the distance from the ground surface to the centre of
the tunnel.

2.3.2. The rebound formula of the tunnel

To simplify the tunnel into a semi-infinite long
beam situated in the elastic medium. Supposing that
the tunnel is initially situated in a stable equilibrium
state, hence, when rebound occurs, it only needs
to consider the action of the lost earth weight
(lifting force), elastic resisting force and inertial
force. Thus the differential equation and the definite
solution conditions for the tunnel movement is
established, the rebound formula for the tunnel is
obtained do following:
) sin )](cos ( exp[
8
3 ) , (
by by by at
EJ b
P
f
y t
t t
formula (2)
Where:
When Y 0, to take the +sign,
When Y <0, to take the sign
a the eigenvalue of the tunnel movement equation,

Formula (1)
)
2
exp(
2
2
2
) (
i
x
i
V
S
l
x

it is obtained by the survey, measurement and
analysis at site
4 / 1
2
4
2

,
_

EJg
F a RKg
b

1/m
R--- the radius of lower part tunnel (m)
P= rV-the weight of earth dug away at the
upper part of tunnel (KN)
r---the volumetric weight of earth
(KN/m
3
)
V---the volume of earth dug away
from the upper part of the superimposed
intersected tunnel (m
3
)
EJ--the flexural rigidity of the lower part
of tunnel (KN/m
2
)
Weight per unit volume of tunnel
(KN/m
3
)
FGross -sectional area of tunnel (m
2
)
ggravitational acceleration (m/s
2
)
Kcoefficient of the resisting force of
earth (KN/m
3
)ttime (in day)
Fig 8 The rebound curve of No. 2 down bound Metro Line (at the superimposed point of sight -seeing tunnel


It may be seen, following the increase of y and t, f (t,
y) will be rapidly attenuated,
max ) 0 , 0 (
f f
Based upon the above mentioned formula and
practical conditions, it is computed that the rebound
curve of the NO.2 down bound Metro Line (at the
point of the superimposed interceded sight-seeing
tunnel) is as shown in fig 8, and the maximum valve
is 3.8mm

The deformation formula regarding heave of
ground surface supposing that the strata is a
semi-infinite large elastomer, moreover, its volume
will not be changed during deforming. Then,
according to the basic equation in the mechanics of
elasticity and the rebound deformation formula of
the tunnel, we may obtain the deformation formula
for the heave of ground surface as follows:
} ] ) / ( 1 )[ 1 ( 2 ] ) / ( 1 {[
2 3
2 / 1 2 2 / 3 2 ) , (
) , (

+ + +

Z x Z x
f
U
t y
t y x

formula (3)

Where
f
(t, y)
The rebound deformation of tunnel
(m )
Poisson s ratio of strata
z --the height from the axis of tunnel to
the ground surface (m)
X the distance from a point on the ground
surface to the longitudinal symmetrical
surface of the tunnel (m)

2.3.3 The integral mathematical model.

The rotational transformed formula of the
co-ordinate.

'

,
_

'

Z
Y
X
z
y
x
i i
i i
i
i
i
1 0 0
0 cos sin
0 sin cos


formula (4)
The horizontal movement transforming formula
of the co-ordinate:

'

'

'

i O
i O
i O
i
i
i
Z
Y
X
Z
Y
X
z
y
x
formula (5)

To substitute formula 4 and formula 5 respectively
into formula 1,formula 2 and formula 3, we shall
obtain the ground settlement Si (i=1,2,3) and heave
Uj ( j=1,2) caused by boring various tunnel
employing shield method. Hence, formula for the
strata movement of superimposed interacting tunnel
boring by shield method is:


+
2
1
3
1 j
j
i
i
U S S formula (6)
When S is upward, it is positive, otherwise, it is
negative.
To substitute a certain point (X, Y, Z) or a certain
straight line (X-X
0
)/m=(Y-Y
0
)/n=(Z-Z
0
)/l(l, m, n
are the directional number of the straight line; X
0
,
Y
0
, Z
0
are co-ordinates of certain given points) in
the strata into the above formula, we may obtain the
displacement of his point or his straight line.

2.3.4 Results of numerical value.

Based upon the above mentioned formula, we may
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
x10
-3
- 3
Flexure
F
l
e
x
u
r
e
compute the movement of st rata, specific gravity
earth r=16.9KN/m
3
, coefficient of resisting force of
earth (arithmetic mean) K=7350KN/m
3
, Poisson
s ration u=0.35, specific gravity of concrete p=24.5
KN/m
3
, modulus of elasticity Ec=3.5X10
7
KN/m
3
;
the exterior diameter of the shield used by the metro
tunnel is 6.34m, and that used by the sight -seeing
tunnel is 7.65m, the ratio of the interior diameter
to the exterior diameter is equal to 0.87, the height Z
from the axes of different tunnel to the ground
surface will be varied according to practical
conditions; to take 0.15% as the final rate of loss of
t he soi l mass; the eigenvalue of the tunnel
movement equation (it is obtained by survey, test,
and analysis at site) =ln1.54 1/s.

Through computational processing, it may be
obtained: the maximum movement of strata caused
by No.2 Metro Line and the sightseeing tunnel is a
subsidence of 4.4mm;

2.4 The main construction technique.

2.4.1 The general construction technique.

2.4.1.1 To control strictly the pressure in front of
the shield machine.

The rate of opening regarding shield machine
used for sightseeing tunnel is 63% (that for shield
machine used in metro, 35%). Hence, when the set
earth pressure approaches near to the active earth
pressure, the earth pressure may be adjusted by
means of surveying on the ground surface and
giving a timely feed back.

2.4.1.2 To control strictly the attitude of shield
machine.

To control rationally the deviation rectification for
the shield machine during penetrating and boring
forward stage, to reduce the disturbance to the soil
mass during making rectification to deviation, and
to prohibit either over excavation less excavation.

2.4.2 The auxiliary construction technique.

2.4.2.1 Foundation Improvement

In the course of integral construction, improvement
is carried out to the bottom of No.2 up bound and
down bound line, so as to make it to sustain the
pressure during the shield machine of the
sight-seeing tunnel entering into the soil and
affection to the up bound and down bound line
caused by the lateral component of the shield diver
downward.

2.4.2.1 Grouting (or injection of mortar) at the tail
of shield machine.

In the course of shield penetration, timely grouting
shall be carried out to improve the upper part of the
segment after they left 4 rings from the tail of shield,
by means of grouting to make them consolidated, so
as to overcome the sight-seeing tunnel floating up,
resulted in causing the insufficient loading on the
top part of metro tunnel which is thus floating
upward.
After the top part of the sight -seeing tunnel
undertakes a certain amount of bearing force, make
use of grouting improvement to overcome floating
upward condition of the metro tunnel, in order to
make the disturbed soil mass improved to increase
its bearing capacity.

2.4.2.3 Monitoring and surveying the settlement for
sightseeing platform at the Bund and the No.2
Metro Line.

Based upon the practical condition of the
sight-seeing platform at the Bund, to arrange
respectively the monitoring and measuring points
for settlement (for detail, refer to fig.9).



Fig 9 A layout diagram regarding the settlement monitoring and measuring (surveying point for the sight -seeing platform
at the bund)
Fig 10 The settlement curve diagram of sight -seeing platform

Fig 11 The settlement curve diagram of No.2 Metro Line

-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
1
-
J
a
n
2
-
J
a
n
3
-
J
a
n
4
-
J
a
n
5
-
J
a
n
6
-
J
a
n
7
-
J
a
n
8
-
J
a
n
9
-
J
a
n
1
0
-
J
a
n
1
1
-
J
a
n
1
2
-
J
a
n
1
3
-
J
a
n
1
4
-
J
a
n
1
5
-
J
a
n
1
6
-
J
a
n
1
7
-
J
a
n
Date
S
e
t
t
l
e
m
e
n
t
(
m
m
)
Down bound line
Up bound line
540 N540-1 N540-2 N540-3
S540-1 S540-2
533
N533-1
N533-2
N533-3
S533-1
S533-2
S533-3
523
N523-1
N523-2
N523-3
S523-1
S523-2
S523-3
508
N508-1
N508-2
N508-3
S508-1
S508-3
S508-2
X
O
The longitudinal settlement curve of puxi sight-seeing platform
-15mm
-10mm
-5mm
0mm
5mm
508 512 515 518 521 523 529 533 540
The fransverse settlement curve of puix sight-seeing platform
-30mm
-20mm
-10mm
0mm
10mm
- 3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
540 533 523 508
In the course of construction by shield method, based
upon the settlement data monitored and surveyed,
timely optimise and adj ust var i ous sor t s of
construction parameters, and finally control the
settlement of sight-seeing platform within 30mm (as
shown in fig.10)

2.5 The effect of application of the scientific
research items.

In the course of const ruction the running tunnel,
combining with practice, a scientific research item
namely a mutually affecting theory regarding the
construction of superimposed intersected tunnel and a
study of construction technology is developed,
through comprehensive study of the shield driven
construction technique, meantime, establishing a
mathematical model regarding the movement of
superimposed strata for tunnel boring by shield
method, thus strengthening the supervision and
survey for the construction, upgrading the
construction quality, shortening the construction
working period, resul t ed i n pr ot ect i ng t he
sight-seeing tunnel, flood wall and underground
pipelines etc., as a result, gaining significant social
and environmental benefits.

3. THE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE
REGARDI NG P ENETRATI NG
THROUGH BENEATH No.1 METRO
LI NE UNDER DYNAMI C LOAD
CONDITION.

3.1 A brief account

In the course of construction the running tunnel
between Peoples Park station ~ Henan Road station,
the shield breaking out the shaft needs to penetrate
through beneath the running tunnel of No.1 metro
line which is in operation. After the shield machine
breaks out the shaft at a distance of only 12m from the
shaft, it is obliquity intersected with the No.1 metro
line and makes an angle of 85
0
with No.1ling,
moreover, the distance of the bottom part of the
tunnel of No.1 metro line is only 1m apart from the
top part of the tunnel of the No.2metro line, whereas
the embedded depth of the tunnel is 17.5m (For detail,
please refer to fig.12-1, fig.12-2)

The tunnel of No.1 metro line has subsided 12mm in
the course of building the metro station for the No.2
Metro Line, but the accumulated settlement shall not
exceed 15mm hence, when the shield machine
penetrates through beneath the tunnel of No.1 metro
line, its settlement has to be controlled within 3mm;

It has adopted many kinds of methods to improve the
bottom part of the tunnel of No.1 Metro Line, namely;
double liquid mortar, polyurethane, rotational gelling
injection of mortar and grouting in layers, and the
liquid mortar presents in an unevenly distributed state,
resulted in causing unstable factor to the control of
tunnel axis during shield driven forward;

As soon as the shield machine breaks out the shaft, it
immediately enters into the soil improved region,
meanwhile, it is affected by the adjacent commercial
building as well as the tunnel of No.1 metro line, thus,
enhancing the difficulty of setting accurately the
construction parameter.

3.2 The main construction technique.

To optimise lifting and demolishing scheme for the
concrete hole gate, to shorten the job time, and to
reduce the loss of front soil mass.

The optimisation of construction parameter.
1) Setting the earth pressure
P=h tan
2
(45
0
-/2)
the volumetric weight of earth 17.5KN/M
3

Fi g 12-2 A sket ch drawi ng t he shi el d
penetrating No.1 Metro Line
Fig 12-1 A sketch drawing of the shield penetrating
No.1 Metro Line (a cross-section)
h the embedded depth of pipeline (to the centre of
tunnel, take 17.5m)
the internal friction angle of earth take 7.5
0

p1.7517.5tg
2
(45
0
-7.5
0
/2)0.236MPa

Taking consideration of shield machine breaking out
the shaft, deep lager mixed piles are adopted within
the scope of 6m longitudinally along the axis to carry
out the improvement for the soil mass (the strength of
improvement attains to 0.7~0.8Mpa), hence, when
the shield machine breaks out the shaft, the earth
pressure is set as 0.23Mpa.
2) The control of mucking out quantity
V=(1/4)D
2
1 (theoretical computation)
=1/4x3.14x6.34
2
x1=31.55m
3

The theoretical value of controlling mucking out
is about 95%, i.e.
V=31.5595%=30 m
3
/ring, to ensure that the soil
mass at the upper past of the shield machine cutting
edge will be slightly heaved up, in order to reduce the
later stage settlement of the soil mass.
3) To control the speed of boring tunnel
The speed of boring the tunnel will be controlled at
1cm/min, to ensure that the shield machine may
penetrate through the soil improved region at an even
speed, meantime, to ensure that the cutter disc may
carry out fully cutting to the improved soil mass.

Injecting foaming agent or water etc. such lubricant,
in order to reduce the torque sustained by the cutter
disc, meantime, to reduce the total thrust.

Strengthening the supervision and survey to the No.1
metro line, to ensure timely optimisation and
adjustment of the construction parameter during
shield driven forward, in order to achieve a really
i n f o r ma t i o n d y n a mi c s t a t e c o n s truction
administration.

Adopting automatic monitoring and surveying
method by means of high precision connected pipe,
and a dense monitoring and surveying work will be
made to the tunnel of No.1 metro line. To carry out
automatic successive monitoring and surveying to the
vertical deformation of the tunnel by means of
utilising connected pipe, and a set of date will be
provided at every 10 minutes, and tunnel feed back
them to the construction personnel. Besides, for the
sake of monitoring and measuring the radial
deformation of the tunnel, a Basalt convergent
measuring ring will be installed respectively in the
tunnel of up bound and down bound line, and 10 sets
of measuring points will be arranged in each ring,
they all possess high resolving capability and
precision (0.02mm) etc. such merits.

Rationally control the grouting quantity, control the
settlement of No.1 metro line tunnel and the ground
surface.
In the course of shield driven construction, based
upon the connected pipe, the monitored and
controlled data obtained from Basalt measuring ring
of the convergent system, making timely adjustment
for the synchronous grouting quantity for shield
driving forward every 15cm. As the single liquid
inertial mortar liquid adopted by synchronous
grouting is apt to produce bleeding and segregation,
resulted in causing the subsidence of No.1 line tunnel
and the floating up of No.2 line tunnel, moreover,
when assembling and erecting segments, the retreat
of shield machine will also cause the settlement of
No.1 line tunnel. Therefore, when the tail of shield
machine leaves the erected ring, control the
settlement of this ring to about 3.5mm.
On this basis, timely monitoring and controlling the
variation conditions of later stage tunnel settlement,
to inject supplementary two liquid mortar for
improvement of earth.

4. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE REGARDING
PENETRATING BENEATH SPECIAL PIPELINES
AND UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES.

4.1 Penetrating through beneath the diversion box
culvert in the upper reaches.

In the course of const ruction the running tunnel
between Yanggao Road Station and Dongfang Road
Station, the section where the shield machine breaks
out the shaft, after the shield machine has penetrated
through the 6.2m soil improved zone, it will
immediately penetrate through beneath the diversion
box culvert in the upper reaches. The box culvert,
which is water supply pipelines of the Shanghai
Water works, is about 20m distant from the gate of
the shaft. This box culvert is situated at the upper part
of t he t unnel , and i s basically orthogonally
intersected with the tunnel the net distance from
bottom slab of the box culvert to the top of shield
machine is 2.2m (for detail, refer to fig.13).

When the cutting edge of the shield machine leave the
improved zone, and enters into the undisturbed soil,
the deformation of the strata caused by shield driven
has started to affect the diversion box culvert in the
upper reaches gradually. In order to protect the
normal operation of the box culvert, in the whole
process such as before the shield machine arrives at

1)
Fig 13 A sketch diagram showing shield machine penetrating through diversion box culvert in the upper reaches


Fig 14 An arrangement diagram for the settlement measuring points of box culvert

the box culvert, penetrates through beneath the box
culvert, and after the tail of shield leaves the box
culvert, it shall carry out the construction
meticulously, strictly control the deformation of
strata and employ informationalised construction,
and to caring out dynamic administ ration for
various sorts of construction parameter during
shield driven forward.

4.1.1 The construction stage before shield machine
arrives at the box culvert.

1) Partly exposed box culvert structure, the
construction shall follow, the back of grouting pipe,
meantime, making arrangement for settlement
monitoring and measuring points (for detail, please
refer to fig.14).

To determine the correct position of the box culvert,
first, to excavate a sample hole, to find out the upper
edge lines on both sides of the box culvert, and also
find out the deformation joint at the adjacent two
sections of the box culvert, then, adopt a 1:1 slope
to excavate the trough (i.e. The observatory trough)
to expose the deformation joint. Taking the upper
edge line of the box culvert as the datum line, then 2
rows total 4 rows of grouting pipe will be arranged
on both sides. Besides, a row of inclined pipe will
be respectively arranged on the external side of
these two grouting pipes.

2) Try to find out and set the optimum value for
various sorts of construction parameters.

Based upon the high precision level survey on the
ground surface of the monitored and measured
information regarding layered settlement, to make
timely adjustment of the set value of earth pressure
and the quantity of mucking out, a balanced
construction system will be employed, so as to
Observing and measuring points
for settlement of connected pipes
Reserved hole following the track of shield
machine for grouting(a set of holes is
arranged at every 2m along box culvert)
West preliminary shaft
at Yanggao Road
D
i
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
Observing and measuring points
for settlement of connected pipes
Shi el d dr i ven di r ect i on
Shield machine Metro tunnel
Box cul vert
10. 26m
Ver t i cal gr out i ng pi pe
2. 2m
7m
I ncl i ned gr out i ng pi pe
improved zone by
gr out i ng
make the shield driven forward at an even speed,
and reducing the disturbance to the soil mass, and
during construction in this stage, we grope out the
mutual relationship among the rate of tunnel boring,
mucking out quantity, grouting quantity and the
deformation of strata. After the tail of shield
machine entirely leaves the improved region, the
synchronous grouting approaches to normal, and
based upon various sorts of data monitored and
measured, to work out different quantity of
grouting.

4.1.2 The construction stage regarding shield
machine penetrating beneath the box culvert
section.

When the shield machine arrives at 1to 2 rings in
front of the box culvert, it starts to enter into the
construction stage of penetrating through beneath
the box culvert. It will be divided into two stages to
control the different parameters.
1) When the shield machine arrives at 1 to 2 ring in
front of the box culvert until the tail of shield
ent irely enters into the box culvert, at that time, the
shield driven forward will be controlled by the set
earth pressure value and the quantity of mucking
out;
2) After the tail of shield wholly enters into the box
culvert until it wholly leaves the box culvert, at this
time, it should control not only the set earth
pressure value and quantity of mucking out, but also
the quantity of synchronous grouting and quantity
of following the track of shield machine grouting
from the ground surface.
Based upon the practical results from construction,
the shield machine keeps a relatively good attitude
in the entire process of penetrating through box
culvert. Reflected by results from various sorts of
monitoring and measuring points, the settlement
quantity of the box culvert, in this process, is
controlled below +8.5mm.

4.1.3 The construction stages after the tail of
shield machine leaves the box culvert.

After the shield machine drives to 33 rings, the tail of
shield machine entirely leaves the box culvert.
1) Strictly control the shield driven speed and the
quantity of synchronous grouting, in order that
when the tail of the shield machine leaves the box
culvert, which will not occur sudden subsidence,
due to the architectural gap has not been filled in
time.

Strictly control the later stage settlement of the box
culvert. Following the shield machine gradually
leaves the box culvert farther and farther, the
affection caused by disturbed soil mass during
shield driven becomes less and less, in order to
relieve and slow down the later stage rate of
settlement speed of the box culvert, and to keep it to
a minimum, with the exception of top scaling
(inserting) segment, the two liquid mortar will be
injected through the grouting holes of segments
which belong to No.18 ring and No.35 ring on both
sides of the box culvert, resulted in forming two
ring stirrups, thus, it achieves a constraint action
regarding the lower part soil mass of the box culvert
displacing to the two sides. As the distance of the 35
the ring is comparatively near to the box culvert, for
the sake of reducing the affections caused by the
fluctuation of pressures due to grouting, hence
quick setting two liquid mortar will be adopted here,
whereas at 35 the ring, a retarded two liquid mortar
will be adopted to increase its flow ability, so as to
form a better ring stirrup.

4.2 Penetrating through beneath the basement of
the Famous City Plaza

In the course of construction the running tunnel
between Jingan Temple to Shimen Yi Road, the
shield machine needs to penetrate through beneath
the basement of the well-known city plaza, the top of
shield machine is only 1.9m distant from the bottom
slab of the basement. (for detail, refer to fig 15)




In the course of construction, the main technical
measures adopted are as follows:

4.2.1 Controlling the chief construction parameters

1) Earth pressure: In principle, based upon the
theoretical computed value, which in the practical
construction, based upon the settlement conditions
of the floor, to make timely adjustment.
2) The tunnel boring speed: generally, it is
controlled at 15~20m.m/min. A medium to low
boring speed is adopted, thus, it will make the
stress of soil mess caused by shield driven to be
fully released, and also to avoid causing damage
to the floor of t he basement due to the boring
stress being too large or too concentrated.
3) Quantity of mucking out: generally, it is
controlled at 98% of the theoretical quantity of
mucking out.

4.2.2 Controlling the attitude of shield machine

Before the shield machine penetrates through beneath
the basement, based upon the trial survey data from
the ground surface, to make timely adjustment to the
attitude of shield machine, thus, keeping it entering
into the basement with its optimum attitude. After
entering into the basement, the shield machine keeps
in a stable state to drive forward, meanwhile,
reducing rectification to deviation, as well as
reducing disturbance to the front soil mass.
Plan: to control within 30m.m.
Altitude: taking consideration of the overburden is
relatively shallow, when the shield machine is
penetrating through, the altitude is generally
controlled at about 50m.m. Thus, it may also reduce
the affection caused by the uplifting of shield
machine due to shallow overburden.

4.2.3 Communications and Contact

During the shield machine penetrating period,
professional personnel will be assigned to carry out
round the clock monitoring and surveying work to the
basement, to observe the variation conditions of the
structure, and to feedback in time the monitored and
surveyed information to the construction personnel,
in order to make timely adjustment and to control the
construction parameter in the course of penetration,
so as to reduce affections to the structure of the
basement to a minimum due to construction by shield
method.

4.2.4 controlling the settlement

The control for settlement may be divided into two
respects: the settlement in front of the cutting edge of
shield machine, it is controlled by earth pressure and
shield driven speed; the settlement behind the tail of
shield machine, it is controlled by synchronous
grouting and grouting behind the wall.
In the course of shield machine penetration, after
synchronous grouting and grouting behind the wall,
making use of the 30 grouting pipelines reserved on
the bottom slab of the garage to carry out following
the track of grouting which will further fill and
compact the surrounding soil mass, resulted in
effectively controlling tunnel's uplifting, meantime,
to control the final settlement for the bottom slab of
the basement within 4m.m.


Underground parking garage(two storeys
beneath ground level)
Down bound Up bound
Tunnel of No.2 METRO
LINE(exterior diameter
6200)
2000
6
3
0
0
1
9
0
0
Minimum
passageway
600 dr i l l
hole,site pile(35m
l ong,total l i ng 90)
Underground parking garage(one storey
beneath ground level)
Fig 15 A sketch diagram showing shield machine penetrating through beneath the basement of well-known city
plaza

5. THE SHIELD MACHINE PENETRATING
THROUGH THE ALL CROSS-SECTION SILT
LAYER

5.1 Difficulties before the shield machine at Lujiazui
Road station

Henan Road station enters into Huangpu River, it
shall first penetrate a 100metre long all cross -section
silt soil whose water content is large and is very easy
to be liquefied. After the shield machine is penetrated,
the soil mass surrounding the tunnel is very unstable,
the tail of shield machine is almost directly under the
action of water pressure, it is very apt to cause
leakage of water and sand etc. conditions at the tail of
the shield machine.

5.2 The main technical measures

5.2.1 To optimise the construction parameter

1) Speed of shield driven
Boring forward in the all cross -section silt soil, the
torque and thrust sustained by the cutter head are
greatly increased, hence, the shield driven speed is
controlled at 20mm/min.
2) Controlling the quantity of synchronous
grouting In the course of construction in the silt soil,
as the void in the silt soil is relatively large, hence, the
quantity of synchronous grouting will be by far large
than the ordinary soil larger, 250% pressurised
injection of mortar will be pressed to fill the
architectural void during construction; thus, to
control successfully the deformation of the ground
surface within 8m.

3) The amount of deviation rectification for the
axis of the tunnel, during shield driven, shall not be
larger than 0.2%, meantime, successive continuation
of work by the shield machine shall be guaranteed.

5.2.2 Improvement of soil mass.

Though the water content of the silt soil mass is large,
but once it is squeezed and pressed, the water flows
away, thus the silt soil becomes compact, and the mud
chamber is hard to inflow soil, hence the oil pressure
of the cutter head is rapidly and greatly increased
during shield driven, in order to improve the torque
sustained by the transmission ball bearing of cutter
head, it is planned and adopted that foam will be
added and injected at the front face of the cutter head
and into the mud chamber, in order to reduce the
strength of soil mass, this will be advantageous to
reduce the oil pressure of the cutter head.
1) Pressure control for adding and injecting
foam Close relationship is existed between adding
foam pressure and foam effect adding foam,
moreover, it is also related to the value of earth
pressure. When the shield machine penetrates
through the all cross-sectional silt soil, the earth
pressure is set at 0.3Mpa, when the foam pressure
added is less than 0.3Mpa, the foam effect due to
adding foam is not evident; when the foam pressure
added varies between 0.35Mpa ~ 0.4Mpa, the foam
quantity attains to an ideal state.

2) Controlling the foam quantity added
A close relationship is existed between the high or
low oil pressure of the cutter disc and the amount of
foam quantity. The relationship between the oil
pressure variation of the cutter disc to the injected
amount of foam into the silt soil may refer to fig 16,
thus, it furnishes a more powerful basis for shield
machine penetrating through these sorts of soil layer.

Fig 16 A relation diagram regarding the quantity of foam and oil pressure variation of cutter disc
70
90
110
130
150
170
190
100 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1400 1500 1580
Added and injected quantity of foam ( l / r i ng)
Oil pressure MPa

From practical use, it may be known that under the
condition that foam is not added, the oil pressure of
the cutter disc may attain to 18Mpa, following the
increase of the foam quantity, the oil pressure of the
cutter disc will correspondingly be lowered; but
after the foam quantity attains to 1400 ~1500 1/ring,
the oil pressure of the cutter disc will not be varied
again.

5.3 Employing polyurethane to insulate water.

The water content of silt soil is large, it has good
property in percolation of water; moreover, the
location of silt soil is nearly the flood wall, for the
sake of preventing the water of Huangpu River
percolates through the silt soil and enters into the
shield machine, it is decided that polyurethane will
be injected to intercept the passage of river water.
As soon as the shield machine enters into the all
cross-section silt soil, the polyurethane will be
pressurizedly injected into the position which is 3
rings behind the tail of the shield machine through
the grouting holes reserved in the segments, thus
forming a water insulation ring stirrup, and 400Kg
of polyurethane will be injected for every 3 rings.
Thus, the shield machine working in the silt soil is
al ways surrounded by pol yuret hane, and
eliminating the risk of river water seeping into the
shield machine.

6. THE APPLICATION OF CONSTRUCTION
EXPERT SYSTEM REGARDING TUNNEL
BORING BY SHIELD METHOD IN THE
SHIELD DRIVEN PROCESS

6.1 A brief introduction of the system

The shield machine, as a kind of leaves the
advanced, reliable and convenient mechanical
appliance employed in underground construction,
has, up to the present, been widely used in the
construction of a good deal of engineering projects.

The ground surface set t l ement caused by
employing shield method for construction, the
control of tunnel axis, and parameter consultant in
the course of construction etc. problems are, from
the beginning to end, a rather complicated problem.
I t i s not onl y exi s t ed i n i t s non-linearity,
time-effectiveness and multiple variables etc. such
characteristics, but also existed in the mutual
interference of various kinds of factors, all of which
result in its uncertainty.

The construction expert system regarding tunnel
boring by shield method is one, which simulates
the logic thinking activities by the tunnel experts, it
may employ a level owned by a standard expert to
dispose the working problems existed in the tunnel
field. To induce and summarise systematically the
theory research work regarding tunnel construction
by shield method both at home and abroad, on the
basis of engineering practice, it forms a mutually
related knowledge source, combined with the
principle of computer, and by means of employing
data base, neural net and research work and
development of dim control theory etc.

6.2 The application of the system

6.2.1 The real time forecasts the ground surface
settlement

The system which utilises the neural net theory,

Fig 17 The curve diagram (the running tunnel between Jing an Temple to Jiansu Road) of the longitudinal
settlement really measured /forecasted after the completion of shield driven to 75 rings
- 2 5
- 2 0
- 1 5
- 1 0
- 5
0
5
62 68 74 80 66 72 78
S e t t l e me n t v a l u e ( r e a l l y me a s u r e d )
F o r e c a s t s e t t l e me n t q u a n t i t y
0
1
2
3
200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250
The set pressure value
The forecast pressure value
kg/cm
2
Fig 18 The really measured forecast curve diagram at 200 250 rings (Running tunnel between Jingan Temple
and Jiang su Road)
Fig.19 The really measured / forecasted curve diagram (the running tunnel between quantity at 200~250 rings

Fig 20 The curve diagram regarding deviation of axis at 1300 rings (running tunnel between Jingan Temple Jiang su
Road



and various kinds of set construction parameters based upon construction of tunnel already formed
ring as well as control effect on ground surface
settlement etc. such relevant information bat
establishes its system model, to carry out real time
forecast for the current stage or next stage shield
driven which may produce ground surface
settlement. Meantime, at an interval of every
definite time, the system will, based upon the
construction data recently collected, check the
model.
Viewing from the effect of application, the curve of
the forecast value for the system will be entirely in
correspondence with the curve of really measured
curve (for detail please refer to fig 17)

6.2.2 The mat ch t o t he opt i mi sat i on of
construction parameter

The system is aimed at a certain specific project, by
means of employing data base, to establish a really
measured data base including construction control
parameters and ground surface settlement
parameters, and by means of automatic check,
filtering, smooth and extrapolate (forecast), to carry
out the orthogonal analysis for the construction
parameters, by means of utilising data of some
given rings, to establish the relationship between
various sorts of construction parameters and the
ground settlement.

In the course of applying the system it may get rid
of mutual interference among various factors, based
upon the current ground surface settlement and rate
of settling (subsiding) speed, to look for the
optimised match among various parameters under
the scope of controlled certain parameters. Viewing
form the identical conditions regarding the earth
pressure and the quantity of grouting such two
construction parameters, form the different value of
forecast and really measured data and the curve
diagrams, the forecast value from the system
possesses stronger precision, practicality, hence, it
has very good guidance and auxiliary action to the
construction by shield method, (for detail, refer to
fig 18.19) Jingan Temple and Jiansu Road)
grouting

6.2.3 Adopting dim (vague) self-adapting scheme,
to enhance the control precision of the axis.

The control of the tunnel axis is mainly achieved by
0
1
2
3
4
200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250
Practical grouting quantity
Forecast grout i ng quant i t y
(m
3
)
No. Of ri ng
- 5 0
- 4 0
- 3 0
- 2 0
- 1 0
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
Devi at i on i n pl an
Devi at i on i n al t i t ude
(mm)

No. Of r i ng

means of vague control method, so as to make the

practical axis of the tunnel coincide with the design
axis. In the course of tunnel construction, the good
or bad control of the shield axis is a main factor to
assess the quality of a tunnel, hence, on the original
basis of the system, to make perfect the technical
content for controlling the axis: 1Setting the oil
pressure at the shield machine region; 2Wedges of
different thickness will be adhered and pasted at the
different position of the segment; 3 Adopting the
vague (dim) adapting scheme to control the axis
precision of the tunnel.

In the course of construction, by using the forecast
data of the expert system to the regional oil
pressure, it basically guides the setting of practical
oil pressure value. Viewing from the control
conditions of tunnel axis (for detail, please refer to
fig .20), the oil pressure value at region forecasted
by the expert system will give relatively ideal
control effect to the tunnel axis, and its practicality
is relatively strong.

7 THE APPLICATION OF HOME MADE
SHIELD MACHINE IN THE PRACTICAL
CONSTRUCTION

In the course of construction the running tunnel
between Jingan Temple and Jiangsu Road section,
for the first time, the home made pressurised earth
pressure balanced shield machine is adopted. This
shield machine is researched, designed and
manufactured by the Shanghai Tunnel Engineering
Company Ltd. The exterior diameter of the shield
machine is 6340mm, and the length is 7970mm.

7.1 Brief introduction of shield machine

7.1.1 Construction of shield machine (for detail
refer to fig .21)

7.2 Working conditions of road sections

The total length of the running tunnel between the
Jingan Temple and Jiangsu Road is 1161m. The
shield machine penetrates through beneath Huasan
Road, Wulumuqi Road, Nanjing Xi Road and
Zhengning Road during construction period. The
minimum radius of curvature of the tunnel in plane
is R499.851m; the maximum longitudinal profile
grade is 2%. The main strata penetrated by shield
machine are grayish muddy silty clay, grayish
muddy clay, and grayish clay.

7.3 The operating condition of a various system of
shield machine.

7.3.1 The hydraulic pressure system




Fig 21 A sketch drawing of shield machine construction

Table 2 A table of main technical parameter of shield machine
Main
Machine
Exterior
Diameter
6340mm Length 7970mm Weight
2.12
10
5
kn
Cutter Rate of opening 30% Screw
machine
Qty. of
mucking out
190m
3
/hr
Speed of
revolution
0.78r.p.m
Maximum
speed of
revolution
15r.p.m
Disc
System
Maximum
torque
5.110
3
KNm
machine
system
Maximum
torque
45KNm
Speed of
revolution
1.44r.p.m Total thrust 3.310
4
KN
Scope of
gyration
200

Boring speed 4.5 cm/min

Long
strake
1860m.m.(3)
Erector
System
Lifting capacity 510
4
N
Boring
system
Jack
Short
stroke
1200m.m.(19)
Rated flow 10m3/h
Qty. of
grouting at
one time
7.5810
-3
m
3
/time
Maximum
pressure
1.2Mpa
Maximum
pressure
2.5Mpa

Mud
Feeding
System
Point of
grouting
12points
Grouting
system
Point of
grouting
6points


Two pumps are adopted for shield driven, the flow of
one pump is set-up at a boring speed of 4.5cm/min.
(22 jacks), the other is used for the erection and
assembly of segments (the set-up of flow is higher),
in order to shorten the expansion and contraction time
of jacks, to enhance the speed of erection. Besides,
the torque of the cutter disc, compared with that of the
French FCB shield machine, is one time greater, the
shield machine is easy to carry out cutting in the soil
in improved region along the line.

7.3.2 The concentrated lubricating system

It is the first time to adopt mechanical pressing and
feeding grease method, and it effectively resists the
inflow of the outside slurry to the sealing the normal
work of the cutt er disc. Besides, the system adopts 1
#

lithium base grease to replace the imported grease
(CONET), its effect is equivalent, but the cost is
lowered.

7.3.3 The grease system at the tail of shield.

The grease pipeline will be arranged to the joint of
segments, thus, it will effectively prevent the mortar
in flowing from the joint to the tail of the shield
machine, and enhances the sealing property of shield
tail.

7.4.4 The synchronous grouting system

The design for the synchronous pipeline is not so
rational, too much lends are installed, thus it is easy to
cause block to the mortar pipes.

7.4.5 Assembling and erecting system

To lift twice the parallel degree of the horizontally
moved guiding pipe is not high, mean time, these is
no micro-adjusting device resulted in installing in the
course of assembling and erecting, and it is apt to
damage segments.

7.5 An overall assessment regarding the operation of
shield machine

The shield machine whose performance is good,
which is easy to operate meets the construction
requirement. The mean daily boring speed reaches 8
rings, meantime, it effectively controls the axis of the
tunnel (plane, altitude) within 50mm and the
ground surface settlement is controlled within
+10mm~30mm.

8 CONCLUSION

By means of a series of comprehensive measures,
such as: implementing the scientific administrative
mode (balanced construction etc.), developing
scientific research items (the expert system
regarding tunnel construction by shield machine and
the expert system regarding tunnel construction by
shield method etc.), applying advanced technique
(the foaming device for shield machine, the
improvement of soil mass etc.), sticking to theory
guiding the practice (theoretical computation and
simulated experiment etc.), executing meticulous and
wise construction at site (informationalized dynamic
construction administration etc.) ensuring the shield
machine penetrating through smoothly to the
diversion box culvert in the upper reaches, beneath
the basement of Famous City Plaza, beneath the
densely built building group on Nanjing Road and
underground pipelines etc. structures as will as the
underground pipelines, avoiding the serious result
caused by too large settlement, and further perfecting
the construction technique to build the tunnel by
shield method, resulted in producing significant
social and economic benefits. Meantime, the daily
boring speed of shield machine is effectively raised to
8 rings/day, (in which, the daily boring speed for the
river crossing section attains to 14m/day).

Besides, by the means of construction the No.2 Metro
Line by shield method, it may be evidently seen:
following the municipal construction development
day by day, the urban underground space is
successi vel y devel oped, hence, t he t unnel
construction by shield method for the penetration of
the superimposed intersected tunnel will be a big
topic in future, and its construction technique remains
to be further and deeper researched and discussed.

9 REFERENCES:
- The mathematical model regarding the strata
movement of superimposed intersected tunnel.
Zhuo wen-Bo, Humin
- Some difficulties and counter measures in the
tunnel construction by shield method for
Shanghai N0.2 Metro Line Bai Tinghui