Anthropocentrism K INC shell 2NC overview inks ‘Animal rights Borders Environmental management “Environment” Humanism Human stewardship Law of the Sea Mammal rights MPAs “Natural resources” “Sentience” ‘Sustainable development ‘Technology -AIT Tech solves environment Utilitarianism Whale i Impacts Takes out case ‘Tums case Social domination, Genocide Imperialism Systemic harm Environmental destruction Extinction ‘Ofw war & terrorism Alternative Solves case Critique Anthropocentrism Recognize intrinsic value Deep ecology Value the planet Reconnect with nature MPAs specific alternative AcT impact turns "You let humans starve/di ‘K decreases respect for humans” Murray Misanthropic 51-58 Ecofascism 59-60 “Nazis were environmentalists” 61 Hunting 3) Space colonization 63 ‘Animal research (Generic) 64-68 ‘Animal research (AIDS) 69 ‘Animal research (Cancer) 0 Bacteria NB Dolphin minesweepers 4-77 Dolphin saboteurs B ‘Anarchy 0 A/T Various defensive arguments “Benign anthropocentrism” 80 Anthro inevitable 81 “No alternative” 82-83 ‘Vague alternative 84 ‘Animals don’t feel pain 85 Darwinism/Most successful 86-87 ‘Tenacious moral instinct 88 Opposable thumbs 89 Language 90 Intelligence 91 Human ethies 2 \dom stuff Discourse shapes reality 93 AIT Permutation 94.97 AIT Pragmatism 98.99 AVT Specific policies good 100 AIT Fiat good 101-103, AIT Social ecology 104-106 AIT Ecofeminism 107 AfT Answers Anthro is benign 108 AVT Anthro= social exploitation 109 Alt doesn’t solve M0-111 Alt= mysticism 12 erm solvency B14 Perm solvency (Tech specific) 115 AIT Tech bad 116-117 Fellows ‘03 Anthropocentrism Critique ‘Murray INC Shell A. Links 1. The view of the natural world as a resource implies that non-human creatures exist solely for human consumption. This viewpoint results in the total alienation of humans from nature David Orton, coordinator of the Green Web environmental research group, 2000 [January, Earth First Journal, “Marine Protected Areas: A Human-centric concept”] ‘The Oceans Act uses the word "resource" to cover non-human creatures living in the oceans, The automatic assumption that nature isa resource for corporate and human use is an indication of our total alienation from the natural world, It implies a human- centered, utilitarian world that humans are somehow the pinnacle of evolution 2. The affirmative’s view of marine biodiversity solely from the perspective of its value to humans is anthropocentrie because it refuses to recognize that organisms have intrinsic value for their own sake Donald K, Anton Director of Policy and International Law @ University of Melbourn, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 1997 In order fo appreciate the need for new international law to provide greater protection to marine biological diversity beyond the continental shelf and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), itis necessary to appreciate the value of such diversity, why we care about conserving it, and why threats to it are a matter of concern. From some ethical points of view all forms of life, and the habitats that support them, can be considered as intrinsically valuable for their own sake. “ Under this premise, it follows that protection and preservation ought to follow as a matter of course. However, excepting certain philosophical, religious or cultural [*347] systems, ® the value of biological diversity overwhelmingly has been viewed from the narrow position of economic worth to humans. Of course, this presents problems for the protection of biological diversity, because it has recognized value that eannot be calculated in dollar terms. Further, under current accounting systems, the cost of losing biodiversity is ordinarily shifted to society rather than internalized by private actors responsible for the loss. ® The problem is even more acute in the case of marine biodiversity found beyond national jurisdiction because of its commons nature. Consequently, systems for valuing biodiversity need to use monetary valuation as one tool among many. The debates surrounding the C.B.D. have suffered from this myopic economic view of the value of biodiveristy. Instead of focusing on the widespread protection and conservation of ecosystems, species, and genetic variability, the debates have primarily involved access to biological diversity and rights to profits generated through the exploitation of genetic material, ®Fellows ‘03 ‘Anthropocentrism Critique ‘Murray INC Shell B. Implications. ® The extinction of all life on Earth is imminent due to human exploitation of nature, which is fueled by anthropocentric assumptions — rethinking this paradigm is necessary to prevent planetary destruction Douglas Tompkins, President of the Foundation for Deep Ecology, 2002, [deepecology.or - We begin with the premise that life on Earth has entered its most precarious phase in history. We speak of threats not only to human life, but to the lives of all species of plants and animals, as Well asthe health and continued viability of the biosphere. Itis the awareness of the present condition that primarily motivates our foundation's activities. Without placing them into a hierarchy of lesser or greater importance, we believe that current problems are largely rooted in the following cireumstances: ‘The loss of traditional knowledge, values, and ethics of behavior that celebrate the intrinsic value and sacredness of the natural world and that give the preservation of Nature prime importance. Correspondingly, the assumption of human superiority to other fife forms. as if we were granted royalty status over Nature; the idea that Nature is mainly here to serve human will and purpose. ‘As our name suggests, we are influenced by the Deep Ecology Platform, which helps guide and inform our work. We believe that values other than market values must be recognized and given importance, and that Nature provides the ultimate measure by which to judge human endeavors, Both as philosophy and activism, deep ecology views the survival of natural systems and the ‘capacity of the planet for self-renewal as crucial to al life (human and nonhuman) and not to be compromised. We accept that true ecological sustainability may require a rethinking of our values as a society. Present assumptions about economics, development, and the place of human beings in the natural order must be reevaluated, If we are to achieve ecological sustainability, Nature can no Jonger be viewed only for its commodity value; it must be seen as a partner and model in all human. ‘enterprise. \o