Extra credits:

1.The northern economy vastly differs from the southern economy. While northerners, produce lumber, textiles, etc., the southern economy is based upon agriculture such as cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar, and indigo. The South wanted cheap imports, while the North used a variety of industries and basically anything to do with machinery. Obviously, the difference in location effects the outcome of economy. While in the North it was popular for people to live in the cities, most southerners lived on farms in small towns along the coast. The South had numerous small towns which were self efficient, and the northern towns were centers of trade and commerce. The North had a rapid population increase in the early 1800's while the northern population did not gain a lot of immigrants until about 1860. Most immigrants settled in the North rather than in the South. 2.California was admitted as a free state, and the slave trade was abolished (only the sale of slaves, not slavery) in the District of Columbia; these were concessions to the North. New Mexico (then including present-day Arizona) and Utah were organized without any prohibition of slavery (each being left free to decide for or against, on admission to statehood), and the Fugitive Slave Act, requiring all U.S. citizens to assist in the return of runaway slaves, was enacted; these were concessions to the South. Texas was compelled to give up much of the western land to which it had a good claim, and received in return $10,000,000. The success of the Know-Nothings as well as growing debate over slavery helped cause the decline and demise of the Whig party.When the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed, many northern Whigs left for the Republican Party so they could support the Act. Buchanan/Breckenridge:174 electoral votes Fremont/Dayton: 114 electoral votes. Focused on states' rights/resultant slavery policy. ChaCha On!

Lincoln argued that the U.S. could not survive with 1/2 of the nation allowing slavery and other 1/2 opposing this institution. Lincoln contended that African Americans were human beings and that they deserved their freedom, but he never claimed that blacks were as intelligent as or should have equal rights to whites. Douglas championed sovereignty and accused Lincoln ofbelieving African Americans were equal to whites. He even suggested that Lincoln supported whites and blacks marrying and having children with each other. By inspiring fear in Illinois voters and mischaracterizing Lincoln's views. Douglas retained his seat. Douglas and Lincoln met again on the political battlefield in the presidential election of 1860. In this election, Lincoln represented the Republican Party, while Douglas represent the Northern democratic Party. By the late 1850s the Democratic Party was in disarray over slavery. Northern members opposed slavery's explansion, while Southern members believed that slavery should exist across the U.S. Douglas refused to endorse the Southerners' views and the Democratic Party split in two.

The South saw Lincoln's election as the last of a number of pro-North actions by the government. After northerners' abuse of the Fugitive Slave Law and legislation such as the Compromise of 1850 that seemed to heavily favor the North The Wilmot Proviso, one of the major events leading to the American Civil War, would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War or in the future,.Conflict over slavery in the Southwest continued up to the Compromise of 1850. The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five bills passed in the United States in September 1850, which diffused a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War (18461848). The KansasNebraska Act of 1854 (10 Stat. 277) became problematic when popular sovereignty was written into the proposal so that the voters of the moment would decide whether slavery would be allowed. The result was that pro- and anti-slavery elements flooded into Kansas with the goal of voting slavery up or down, leading to a bloody civil war there. Election of 1860: The South saw Lincoln's election as the last of a number of pro-North actions by the government. After northerners' abuse of the Fugitive Slave Law and legislation such as the Compromise of 1850 that seemed to heavily favor the North

Life during wartime note

African American soldiers When thre civil war started, it was a white manswar bit in 1862 congreess [assed a law allowing African americans toserve in the military.However the African American soldiers suffered discrimination. They served in separate regiments commanded bu white officers. They ca not rise above the rank of captain,And their allowance is less than white man one.The southern would not treat these guhys as prosioners of awr, they decided to kill on sight which lead to the gruelsome massacre in fort pillow. The slaves also resist in the condereracy by engaged in sabotage breaking plows, destroying fences and neglecting livestockby 1864 the conferates realized that slavery was doomed. The war affects regional economies Southern shortages: The conferacy soon faced a food shortagedue to 3 main factors The drain of manpower into the army Theunion occupation of food growing areas The loss of slaves to work in the fields. Northern economic growth: The army s need for uniforms shoes guns and other supplies supported many northerns industries. The economic boom had a dark side though. Wages did not keep up with prices and many peoples standard of living declined. When white male workers went out on strike, employers hired free blacks, immigrants to replace them for lower pay. Northern women replaced men on farm and in city jobs. Although they earn less than men, they remained a regular part of the Washington work force after the war. Congress decide to tap its citizens wealth for war fee by authorizing the nation s first income tax Soildiers sufer on both side Lives on the lines: both sides troops fared equally poorly,A common food was cush. A stew of small cubes of beef and crumbled cornbread mixed with bacon grease. Sanitary commission help reduce the death rate among the union. Both side decided to recruit and train nurses. Prisons The worst prison ar Andersonville jammed 33000 men into 26 acre.

Civil war Battle Chart

Reconstruction notes:
Lincolns ten prcent plan: Lincolns blueprint for Reconstruction included the Ten-Percent Plan,which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the: election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union. Civilians follow new paths: William Tecumseh Sherman remained in the army and spent most of his time fighting native American. Robert e lee became president of Washington college in Virginia..Barton helped found the red cross in 1881 Newbirth of freedom: By years end 27 states including 8 from the south had ratified the 13th amendment. Lincoln on april 14, 1865 was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth-a Southern sympathizer. He espcaped but was caught and suicide several day later. Johnson wished to prevent most high ranking confederate and wealthy southern landowners from taking the oath needed for voting privileges. Johnson [pardon all of the southern legislators- a gesture that infuriated the radical and made African American feel they had been betrayed. Civil right act of 1866: The Civil Rights Act of 1866 granted citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all male persons in the United States "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude. 14th amendment: This amendment provides a definition of a citizen of this country. This amendment
provides that all states will provide equal protection to everyone within their jurisdiction. It provides due process under the law and equally provides all constitutional rights to all citizens of this country, regardless of race, sex, religious beliefs and creed 15 amendment: States that no one can be kept from voting because of race color or precious condition of servitude. Enforcement act of 1870: Protected the voting rights of African American and gave the federal th government power to enforce the 15 amendment Reconstruction act of 1867: Make all person born or naturalized in the Us citizens, stipulates that states that prevented male citizens from voting would lose a percentage of their congressional seats. Ulysses s Grant: the democarts knew they could not win the presidential election with Johnson so they norminated Hiratio Seymour. However, Grant won the elction.
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Causes of the war notes:

The Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in the formerLouisiana Territory north of the parallel 3630 north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. To balance the number of "slave states" and "free states," the northern region of what was then Massachusetts was admitted into the United States as a free state to become Maine. Prior to the agreement, the House of Representatives had refused to accept this compromise, and a conference committee was appointed.[1] The KansasNebraska Act of 1854 (10 Stat. 277) became problematic when popular sovereignty was written into the proposal so that the voters of the moment would decide whether slavery would be allowed. The result was that pro- and anti-slavery elements flooded into Kansas with the goal of voting slavery up or down, leading to a bloody civil war there. In March of 1857, the United States Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, declared that all blacks -- slaves as well as free -- were not and could never become citizens of the United States. The court also declared the 1820 Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, thus permiting slavery in all of the country's territories.The case before the court was that of Dred Scott v. Sanford. Dred Scott, a slave who had lived in the free state of Illinois and the free territory of Wisconsin before moving back to the slave state of Missouri, had appealed to the Supreme Court in hopes of being granted his freedom. Abolitionists were incensed. The decision would bring slavery to the attention of the nation and was a step toward slavery's ultimate destruction

Vocabulary Chapter 10 Dred Scott Dred Scott, was an African-American slave in the United States who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom and that of his wife and their two daughters in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case of 1857, popularly known as "the Dred Scott Decision

Roger Brooke Taney Roger Brooke Taney was the fifth Chief Justice of the United States, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864. He was the first Roman Catholic to hold that office or sit on the Supreme Court of the United States

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 186

The Freeport Doctrine was articulated by Stephen A. Douglas at the second of the Lincoln-Douglas debates on August 27, 1858, in Freeport, Illinois Harpers Ferry : a strategic location on the railroad and at the northern end of the Shenandoah Valley, both Union and Confederate troops moved through Harpers Ferry frequently. Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America, also known as the Confederacy, was a government set up from 1861 to 1865 by a number of Southern slave states that had declared their secession from the United States

Jefferson Davis Jefferson Fine Davis was an American statesman and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, serving as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history, from 1861 to 1865

Franklin Pierce

Franklin Pierce was the 14th President of the United States and is the only President from New Hampshire. Pierce was a Democrat and a "doughface" who served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate Nativism The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. Know-Nothing Party (a former political party in the United States; active in the 1850s to keep power out of the hands of immigrants and Roman Catholics) Free Soil Party (a former political party in the United States; formed in 1848 to oppose the extension of slavery into the territories; merged with the Liberty Party in 1848) The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery activists in 1854 Horace Greeley was an American newspaper editor, a founder of the Liberal Republican Party, a reformer, a politician, and an outspoken opponent of slavery

John Charles Frmont or Fremont was an American military officer, explorer, and the first candidate of the anti-slavery Republican Party for the office of President of the United States

James Buchanan James Buchanan, Jr. was the 15th President of the United States. He is the only president from Pennsylvania, the only president who remained a lifelong bachelor, and the last president born in the 18th century

The Fugitive Slave Law or Fugitive Slave Act It declared that all runaway slaves were, upon capture, to be returned to their masters. Abolitionists nicknamed it the "Bloodhound Law" for the dogs that were used to track down runaway slaves The personal liberty laws were laws passed by several U.S. states in the North to counter the Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793 and 1850. Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, Maine, New Hampshire, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Vermont, for example, passed personal liberty laws with varying provisions. Harriet Tubman

Harriet Tubman was an African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the American Civil War

Harriet Beecher Stowe Harriet Beecher Stowe was an American abolitionist and author of Uncle Toms cabin

Uncle Tom's Cabin Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War", according to Will Kaufma

Underground railroad A secret network for helping slaves escape from the South to the North and Canada in the years before the American Civil War

The KansasNebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement, and had the effect of repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by allowing settlers in those territories to determine through Popular Sovereignty whether they would allow slavery within John Brown each territory John Brown was an American abolitionist who used violent actions to fight slavery. During 1856 in Kansas, Brown commanded forces at the Battle of Black Jack and the Battle of Osawatomie

Bleeding Kansas, Bloody Kansas or the Border War, was a series of violent political confrontations involving anti-slavery Free-Staters and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian" elements, that took place in the Kansas Territory and the neighboring towns of Missouri between 1854 and 1861

Secession: The withdrawal of eleven Southern states from the US Union in 1860, leading to the Civil War.

Popular sovereignty or the sovereignty of the people is the principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political power.

Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 March 8, 1874) was the 13th President of the United States (1850 1853) and the last member of the Whig Party to hold the office of president. As Zachary Taylor's Vice President, he assumed the presidency after Taylor's death.

The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five bills passed in the United States in September 1850, which diffused a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War (18461848)

Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 June 3, 1861) was an American politician from Illinois. He was a U.S. Representative, a U.S. Senator, and the Democratic Party nominee for President in the 1860 election, losing to Republican Abraham Lincoln.