A Synopsis Report of Project Stage- I Titled

Experimental investigation of thermal performance of a radiant cooling system

Guided By :
Rohit Mishra Associate Professor, Deptt. Of Mech. Engg. Govt. Engg. College, Ajmer

Submitted by :
Amit Sharma (09ME02) Arun Kulhari (09ME05) Rajesh Kr. Singh (09ME50) Sumit Kr. Gupta (09ME68) Sunil Kumar (09ME69) Varsha Vimal (09ME76)

Department of Mechanical Engineering Govt. Engineering College Ajmer Session: 2012-13

1. INTRODUCTION The use of radiant heating and cooling is not new, the Romans used under floor radiant heating and thermal mass heat storage in their hypocausts 2000 years ago. In Turkey, stream water was run through channels in walls and floors to cool palaces in the warm summers. In the 1930s, architect Frank Lloyd Wright piped hot water through the floors of many of his buildings. Radiant cooling is a gentle temperature conditioning system, exchanges thermal energy to the space through convection and radiation. Conventional air conditioning units are only designed to control air temperature whereas in radiant cooling, Radiant energy travels through space without cooling the air itself but rather objects.

Radiant cooling system has been employed in system comprises panels installed on the ceiling of a room, or in some cases hung from a high ceiling. Cooling water is supplied to the panels at temperature above dew-point temperature of air in the room to avoid condensation of moisture in the air on the panels. Heat is transferred between the space and the cooling panels through a temperature differential. The cool ceiling panels absorb heat through a combination of radiation and convection. Radiative heat transfer occurs through a net emission of electromagnetic waves from the warm occupants and their surroundings to the cool ceiling. On the other hand, the room air convects heat to the cool panels and creates convection currents within the space.

Radiant cooling panels are normally used with displacement ventilation where ventilation air is introduced into a room at low level and flows by natural means to replace existing air. In a typical radiantly cooled office building, two to three air exchanges per hour is required. The ventilation air drawn from Outdoor should be dehumidified in order to reduce latent load since the cooling panels remove sensible load only.

2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES In terms of energy consumption, better indoor air quality and thermal comfort. Radiant cooling system has an advantage over conventional system. A significant amount of the electrical energy used to cool buildings by conventional systems is consumed by fans, which are used to transport cool air through the ducts. Part of this electricity used to move the air also heats the conditioned air and, therefore, is part of the internal thermal cooling load. If the tasks of ventilation and thermal conditioning of buildings are separated, the amount of air transported through buildings can be significantly reduced. In this case the cooling is provided by radiation using water as the transport medium and the ventilation by outside air systems without the need for recirculation and cooling of air. Although the supply air necessary for ventilation purposes is still distributed through ducts, the electrical energy for fans and pumps can be reduced to approximately 25% of that of conventional air-conditioning system. Main obebjective of our project is To evaluate the thermal performances in cooling mode To define the thermal performance limits of this system according to the cooling loads, the climatic conditions Develop projected state wide energy and demand impacts based on the validated modal. Develop cost effectiveness projections for the high performance radiant cooling ceiling system in the Rajasthan zones. 3. METHODOLOGY 3.1 Organization of work element (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Fabrication of Radiant Cooling system Experimentation Performance Evaluation Documentation

3.2 Description of proposed experimental set up The test chamber has been constructed foe physical experiment on energy conservation in building. It is a single story building that has 1.22 m wide, 1.83 m long and 2.49 m high with a flat roof, so that the height of ceiling is 2.29 m. Polystyrene Insulation and radiant barrier has been placed above the ceiling to reduce the heat gain from roof. The test chamber should be placed inside the room so as to facilitate convenient fabrication. Test chamber walls are made by ply wood. Two walls has dimension 2.49 m * 1.22 m and one wall has dimension 2.49 m * 1.83 m. One wall has a door has dimension of 0.61 m * 1.83 m.

Radiant cooling panels A 1.22 * 1.22 sq m radiant cooling panel constructed from cooper tube bonded to aluminium sheet has been installed on the celling.The chilled water is circulated through copper tubes and the heat transfer from the working fluid is setup by convection and radiation. The tubes are mounted on the metal sheet by riveting. However the contact area available for heat transfer from the fluid to the sheet is limited due to the line contact. Thus a thin aluminium sheet (<0.5

mm) is used to wrap the copper tubes and extended at the end in the shape of a fin to provide efficient heat transfer.

Air-conditioning system This test chamber is equipped with a fan coil unit that uses chilled water supplied from water cooler. The fan coil is rated at 70 Watts. The air is re-circulating in chamber. Ventilation air is drawn into the test chamber by a fan through a duct into an inlet airport. Fresh ventilation air flows from the port. A separate exhaust port 0.3 * 0.3 sq m of size is also provided.

Cooling water supply and its control Cooling water that flows to the cooling panels and fan coli is supplied from the water cooler. A pump is used to supply the water to the ceiling panel and fan coil. There is a distributer is used to distributed the water and the valves are used to controlled the flow of water in the pipes. There is a returning water pipe which returns the use water to the tank of the water cooler.

3.3 Measuring parameter and their equipment S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Parameter Air temperature Surface temperature Humidity temperature Air velocity Net incident radiation Equipment Air temperature transducer Surface temperature transducer Humidity transducer Air velocity transducer Radiant transducer 6. 7. Water flow Heat flow Rota meter Heat flux sensor temperature asymmetry

4. COST ESTIMATION S.No. 1. 2. 3. Component Wall Roof insulation CRCP panel Material Ply wood Polystyrene Aluminium Sheet Aluminium Wrap Copper Pipes Refrigerant Refilling And Repairing GI pipes Plastic pipes Bolts, Screw, Nails Glass Quantity 7 22.5 sq. ft 80 sq. ft 70 ft. Cost 11000 800 600 800 4200 6000

4.

Water Cooler Accessories and Labour Distributor Carpentry And Labour Door Duct Fan Heat Exchanger Valves Rota meter Temperature sensor Miscellaneous

5. 6. 7. 8. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

3 ft 40 ft

200 900 4000 300 400 700 1000 600 800 1000 1000

1 sq.ft 1.5*1.5*3 cubic ft 1 1 4 2 7

Total Estimated Cost 34,300 Rs.

5. DETAILS OF FACILITIES TO BE PROVIDED BY INSITITUTION Workshop, Electricity, Pump and tools required for the same are available with the institution.

6. PROPOSED OUTCOME/FINDING Radiant cooling systems offer lower energy consumption than conventional cooling systems. Radiant cooling energy savings depend on the climate, Cool,

humid regions savings of 17% while hot, arid regions have savings of 42%. Hot dry climates offer the greatest advantage for radiant cooling as they have the largest proportion of cooling by way of removing sensible heat. Radiant cooling appears to have lower first costs and lifecycle costs compared to conventional systems. Lower first costs are largely attributed to integration with structure and design elements, while lower life cycle costs result from decreased maintenance.