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Hypertension, Sedentary Lifestyle, Kidney Problems Age (75) Gender (Female)
Hypertension, Sedentary Lifestyle, Kidney Problems Age (75) Gender (Female)
GFR
Creatini ne
CKD
Build up of fluid & waste products
RBC
RBC prod
HYPONATREMIA
Altered ability to depolarize & repolarize Lethargy, confusion, SEIZURES, irritability Nervous System
Etiology -An electrical disturbance in the nerve cells in one section id the brain causing hypoxemia them to emit abnormal recurring, uncontrolled electrical discharges Factors -Injury, Infections, alcohol,
Early S/S -peculiar taste in the mouth, blurry vision, may hear a non existent musical sound, numbness or weakness, headache, disoriented, anxiety, Dizziness. Nausea, light headedness
Predisposing -idiopathic (genetic, developmental defects) -acquired vascular insufficiency, fever (childhood),hypertemsi on, CNS, metabolic and toxic, brain tumor, drug and withdrawal, and allergies
Cellular/Metabolic Changes
-when the integrity of the neuronal cell membranes is altered, the cell begins firing with increased frequency and amplitude. When the intensity discharges reaches threshold, the neuronal firing spreads to adjacent neurons, ultimately resulting to seizure. Inhibitory neurons in epilepsy have slow neuronal firing in the cortex, anterior thalamus, and basal ganglia. Once the inhibitory processes develop or the epileptogenic neurons are exhausted, the seizure stops then later events depress the CNS activity and impair consciousness.
Physiologic Manifestations
movements my spread centrally and involve the entire limb, including one side of the face and lower extremities, the client also may exhibit changes in posture or spoken utterances
Epigastric sensation, pallor, sweating, flushing, pupillary dilation, tachycardia and tachypnea
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S/S Tonic Phase: a Fall, loss of consciousness, yell or tonic cry, extension of arms, legs and/or face, fingers and jaw clenched. Autonomic symptoms include increase in BP, HR Clonic Phase: Muscles relax completely then muscle tone returns which causes rhythmic jerking of head and body. Post-ictal Phase: biting of tongue, cheek or lip, and urinary incontinence are common
Laboratory Findings
-MRI may detect lesions in the brain, focal abnormalities, and central degenerative changes -EEG may allow diagnosis of the type and location of the occurring seizure
SEIZUR E
Complications -Hypotoxic brain damage and mental retardation may follow repeated seizures -Depression and anxiety may develop. Long term social isolation