ĐIều khiển công suất trong WCDMA (duyệt)

n tt nghip WCDMA
iu khin cng sut trong
MC LC
Trang
THUT NG VIT TT...............................................................................................III DANH MC BNG BIU V HNH V.....................................................................VIII TRANG........................VIII LI M U................................................................................................................X CHNG 1. XU HNG PHT TRIN H THNG THNG TIN NG TON CU ......................................................................................................................................1
1.1. Xu hng pht trin h thng thng tin di ng trn th gii........................................................1 1.2. Cc t chc chun ho 2.5 G v 3G trn th gii..............................................................................3 1.2.1. Gii thiu chung v cc t chc chun ho.................................................................................3 1.2.2. 3GPP..........................................................................................................................................5 1.2.3. 3GPP2........................................................................................................................................9 1.2.4. Mi quan h gia 3GPP v 3GPP2 v ITU..............................................................................12 1.3. Tnh hnh chun ho 2,5G v 3G......................................................................................................13 1.3.1. M u.......................................................................................................................................13 1.3.2 Chun ho cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn..................................................................................14 1.3.3 Phn tch hai nhnh cng ngh chnh tin ln 3G......................................................................17 1.3.4 Tng kt......................................................................................................................................22
CHNG 2. TNG QUAN CNG NGH WCDMA TRONG H THNG UMTS.......23

2.1 Nguyn l CDMA................................................................................................................................23 2.1.1 Nguyn l tri ph CDMA ........................................................................................................23 2.1.2 K thut tri ph v gii tri ph................................................................................................24 2.1.3. K thut a truy nhp CDMA...................................................................................................25 2.2. Mt s c trng ca lp vt l trong h thng WCDMA.............................................................26 2.2.1. Cc m tri ph .........................................................................................................................26 2.2.2. Phng thc song cng.............................................................................................................28 2.2.3. Dung lng mng. ...................................................................................................................29 2.2. 4. Phn tp a ng- B thu RAKE..........................................................................................29 2.2.5. Cc knh giao din v tuyn UTRA FDD.................................................................................31 2.2.6. Trng thi cell............................................................................................................................31 2.2.7. Cu trc Cell..............................................................................................................................33 2.3. Kin trc mng...................................................................................................................................34 2.3.1 Kin trc h thng UMTS..........................................................................................................34 2.3.2. Kin trc mng truy nhp v tuyn UTRAN.............................................................................38 2.4 Cc dch v v ng dng UMTS........................................................................................................41 2.4.1. Gii thiu...................................................................................................................................41 2.4.2. Cc lp QoS UMTS...................................................................................................................42 2.4.3. Kh nng h tr dch v ca cc lp u cui...........................................................................44 2.5. Tng kt v cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA trong h thng UMTS..............................45
CHNG 3. IU KHIN CNG SUT TRONG QUN L TI NGUYN V TUYN WCDMA.........................................................................................................49

3.1 Gii thiu chung qun l ti nguyn v tuyn trong h thngWCDMA........................................49 3.1.1 Mc ch chung ca qun l ti nguyn v tuyn .....................................................................49 3.1.2. Cc chc nng ca qun l ti nguyn v tuyn RRM..............................................................50
SVTH: Phm Trung Dng Hong
GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c
n tt nghip WCDMA
3.2 iu khin cng sut..........................................................................................................................54 3.2.1 Gii thiu chung........................................................................................................................54 3.2.2 iu khin cng sut nhanh........................................................................................................57 3.2.3 iu khin cng sut vng ngoi................................................................................................64
KT LUN..................................................................................................................71 TI LIU THAM KHO...............................................................................................73
II
GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c
n tt nghip WCDMA
THUT NG VIT TT
1xEVDO 3G 3GPP 3GPP2 A. ACELP AGC AMR AMPS ARIB Algebraic Code Excited Linear B m ho on tuyn tnh c Prediction Coder Automatic Gain Control Adaptive Multi-Rate codec Advanced Mobile Phone System Association of Radio Industry Board B. BER BLER BoD BPSK BSIC BTS C. CDG CDMA CN CRC Bit Error Rate Block Error Rate Bandwidth on Demand Binary Phase Shift Keying Base station identity code Base Tranceiver Station The CDMA Development Group Code Division Multiple Access
III
1x Evolution Data Optimized Third Generation Third Generation Global Partnership Project Third Generation Global Partnership Project 2
Pha 1- Ti u d liu Th h 3 D n hi nhp ton cu th h 3
kch thch bi m i s. B iu khin tng ch t ng B m ho v gii m a tc thch nghi H thng in thoi di ng tin tin (M) Hip hi cng nghip v tuyn ca Nht Bn Tc li bit. Tc li Block Bng thng theo yu cu Kho dch pha nh phn. M nhn dng trm gc Trm gc Nhm pht trin CDMA Truy nhp phn chia theo m Mng li M vng kim tra d tha
GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c
n tt nghip WCDMA
CRNC
Core Network Cylic Redundancy Check Controlling RNC
B RNC ang ph trch iu khin
D. DL DRNC DSSS E. EDGE EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated ETSI Power European Telecommunication Standard Institute F. FDD FDMA FER G. GGSN GPRS GPS GSM H.
SVTH: Phm Trung Dng Hong IV GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c
Downlink Drift RNC Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Enhanced Data Rates for Evolution
ng xung B RNC iu khin tri H thng tri ph chui trc tip
Cc tc d liu tng cng cho s tin ho Cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng Vin chun ho vin thng Chu u
Frequency Division Duplex Frequency Division Multiple Access Frame Error Rate Gateway GPRS Support Node General Packet Radio Service Global Positioning System Global System for Mobile Telecommunication
Phng thc song cng phn chia theo tn s a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s T s li khung Nt h tr cng GPRS Dch v v tuyn gi chung. H thng nh v ton cu. H thng vin thng di ng ton cu
n tt nghip WCDMA
HCM HLR HSDPA HO I. IMT2000
Handover Completion Message Home Location Registor High Speed Downlink Packet Access Handover International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 IMT- Multicarrier
Thng ip hon thnh chuyn giao ng ton cu B ng k thng tr Truy nhp gi ng xung tc cao Chuyn giao Thng tin di ng ton cu 2000 IMT a sng mang. IMT tri ph chui trc tip IMT m thi gian IMT n sng mang. Giao thc Internet Lin hp vin thng quc t. Giao din gia RNC v nt B
IMT- MC IMT- Direct Sequence IMT- DS IMT- Time Code IMT- TC IMT Single Carrier IMT-SC IP ITU Iub Iur K. KPI L. LOS M. ME MMS MRC MSC Key performace Indicator Line of sight Mobile Equipment Multimedia Messaging Service Maximum Ratio Cobining Mobile Service Switching
SVTH: Phm Trung Dng Hong V
Internet Protocol International Telecommunication Union
Giao din gia 2 RNC.
B ch th hiu nng chnh. Tm nhn thng Thit b di ng Dch v nhn tin a phng tin Kt hp theo t s ln nht Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng.
GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c
n tt nghip WCDMA
Centre N. O. OVSF P. PCU PN PSMM Q. QPSK R. RAM RAT RNC RNS RRC RRM Radio Resouse Management S. SFN SGSN SHO SIP SIR SMS SNR SSDT System Frame Number Serving GPRS Support Node. Soft Handover Session Initiation Protocol Signal to Interference Ratio Short Messaging Service Signal to Noise Ratio Site Selection Diversity
VI
Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Packet Control Unit Pseudo Noise Pilot Strength Measurement Message Quardrature Phase Phase Shift Keying Radio Access Mode Radio Access Technology Radio Network Controller Radio Network subsystem Radio Resoure Control protocol
H s tri ph bin i trc giao.
n v iu khin gi Gi tp m Thng ip o c cng knh hoa tiu Kho dch pha cu phng.
Ch truy nhp v tuyn. Cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn. B iu khin mng v tuyn. Phn h mng v tuyn Giao thc iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn Thut ton qun l ti nguyn v tuyn. S hiu khung h thng. Nt h tr GPRS phc v Chuyn giao mm. Giao thc khi to phin T s tn hiu trn nhiu Dch v nhn tin ngn. T s tn hiu trn tp m Pht phn tp la chn site
GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c
n tt nghip WCDMA
Transmission SSMA T. TDD TDMA TPC TRHO U. UE UL UMTS USIM UTRAN User Equipment Uplink Universal Mobile Telecommunication System UMTS Subscriber Identify Module UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network V. VLR VoIP W. WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access a truy nhp phn chia theo m bng rng Visitor Location Registor Voice Over Internet Protocol B ng k tm tr Truyn thoi qua giao thc Internet. Modul nhn dng thu bao UMTS Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS Thit b ngi s dng ng xung H thng vin thng di ng ton cu. Time Division Duplex Time Division Multiple Access Transmission Power Control Traffic Reason Handover Phng thc song cng phn chia theo thi gian a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian iu khin cng sut pht Chuyn giao vi l do lu lng Spread Spectrum Multiple Access a truy nhp tri ph.
VII
GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c
n tt nghip WCDMA
DANH MC BNG BIU V HNH V Trang

THUT NG VIT TT...............................................................................................III DANH MC BNG BIU V HNH V.....................................................................VIII TRANG........................VIII LI M U................................................................................................................X CHNG 1. XU HNG PHT TRIN H THNG THNG TIN NG TON CU ......................................................................................................................................1
1.1. Xu hng pht trin h thng thng tin di ng trn th gii........................................................1 Hnh 1- Thng k s tng trng th trng di ng phn loi theo cng ngh...............................2 1.2. Cc t chc chun ho 2.5 G v 3G trn th gii..............................................................................3 1.2.1. Gii thiu chung v cc t chc chun ho.................................................................................3 1.2.2. 3GPP..........................................................................................................................................5 Hnh 1- Cu trc chc nng ca PCG v TSG trong 3GPP..............................................................7 Bng 1- Cc tham s c bn ca UTRA FDD v TDD, ARIB WCDMA FDD v TDD.................7 1.2.3. 3GPP2........................................................................................................................................9 1.2.4. Mi quan h gia 3GPP v 3GPP2 v ITU..............................................................................12 1.3. Tnh hnh chun ho 2,5G v 3G......................................................................................................13 1.3.1. M u.......................................................................................................................................13 1.3.2 Chun ho cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn..................................................................................14 Hnh 1- Cc h cng ngh c ITU-R chp nhn.........................................................................15 Hnh 1- Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G ca 2 nhnh cng ngh chnh.................................................17 1.3.3 Phn tch hai nhnh cng ngh chnh tin ln 3G......................................................................17 Hnh 1- Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh s dng cng ngh WCDMA..............................18 1.3.4 Tng kt......................................................................................................................................22
CHNG 2. TNG QUAN CNG NGH WCDMA TRONG H THNG UMTS.......23

2.1 Nguyn l CDMA................................................................................................................................23 2.1.1 Nguyn l tri ph CDMA ........................................................................................................23 2.1.2 K thut tri ph v gii tri ph................................................................................................24 Hnh 2- Qu trnh tri ph v gii tri ph......................................................................................24 2.1.3. K thut a truy nhp CDMA...................................................................................................25 Hnh 2- Cc cng ngh a truy nhp...............................................................................................25 Hnh 2- Nguyn l ca a truy nhp tri ph..................................................................................26 2.2. Mt s c trng ca lp vt l trong h thng WCDMA.............................................................26 2.2.1. Cc m tri ph .........................................................................................................................26 Hnh 2- Qu trnh tri ph v trn...................................................................................................27 Bng 2- Quan h gia S/N v s chip b ct bt........................................................27 2.2.2. Phng thc song cng.............................................................................................................28 Hnh 2- Phn b ph tn cho UMTS chu u.................................................................................29 2.2.3. Dung lng mng. ...................................................................................................................29 2.2. 4. Phn tp a ng- B thu RAKE..........................................................................................29 Hnh 2- Truyn sng a ng........................................................................................................30 2.2.5. Cc knh giao din v tuyn UTRA FDD.................................................................................31 Hnh 2- S nh x gia cc knh khc nhau...............................................................................31 2.2.6. Trng thi cell............................................................................................................................31 Hnh 2- Cc ch ca UE v cc trng thi iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn................................32 2.2.7. Cu trc Cell..............................................................................................................................33 Hnh 2- Cu trc cell UMTS...........................................................................................................34
VIII
GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c
n tt nghip WCDMA
2.3. Kin trc mng...................................................................................................................................34 2.3.1 Kin trc h thng UMTS..........................................................................................................34 Hnh 2- Kin trc h thng UMTS mc cao................................................................................35 Hnh 2- Cc thnh phn ca mng trong PLMN.............................................................................36 2.3.2. Kin trc mng truy nhp v tuyn UTRAN.............................................................................38 Hnh 2- Kin trc UTRAN..............................................................................................................38 2.4 Cc dch v v ng dng UMTS........................................................................................................41 2.4.1. Gii thiu...................................................................................................................................41 2.4.2. Cc lp QoS UMTS...................................................................................................................42 2.4.3. Kh nng h tr dch v ca cc lp u cui...........................................................................44 2.5. Tng kt v cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA trong h thng UMTS..............................45 Bng 2- Tm tt cc thng s chnh ca WCDMA........................................................................47 Bng 2- Cc im khc nhau c bn ca W-CDMA v cdma2000...............................................48
CHNG 3. IU KHIN CNG SUT TRONG QUN L TI NGUYN V TUYN WCDMA.........................................................................................................49

3.1 Gii thiu chung qun l ti nguyn v tuyn trong h thngWCDMA........................................49 3.1.1 Mc ch chung ca qun l ti nguyn v tuyn .....................................................................49 3.1.2. Cc chc nng ca qun l ti nguyn v tuyn RRM..............................................................50 Hnh 3- Cc v tr in hnh ca cc chc nng RRM trong mng WCDMA.................................50 Hnh 3- ng cong ti...................................................................................................................52 3.2 iu khin cng sut..........................................................................................................................54 3.2.1 Gii thiu chung........................................................................................................................54 Hnh 3- Hiu ng gn-xa (iu khin cng sut trn ng ln)....................................................54 Hnh 3- B nhiu bn trong cell (iu khin cng sut ng xung)........................................55 3.2.2 iu khin cng sut nhanh........................................................................................................57 Bng 3- Gi tr Eb/N0 yu cu trong trng hp c v khng c iu khin cng sut nhanh......57 Bng 3- Cng sut pht tng i yu cu trong trng hp c v khng c iu khin cng sut nhanh...........................................................................................................................................................58 Hnh 3- Cng sut pht v thu trong 2 nhnh (cng sut khong h trung bnh 0dB,- 10dB) Knh phadinh Rayleigh ti 3km/h.........................................................................................................................59 Hnh 3- Cng sut pht v thu trn 3 nhnh (cng sut khong h nh nhau)...............................60 Hnh 3- Cng sut tng trong knh phadinh vi iu khin cng sut nhanh.................................60 Bng 3- Cc mc tng cng sut c minh ho ca knh ITU Pedestrian A a ng vi phn tp anten.......................................................................................................................................................61 Hnh 3- Tri cng sut ng xung trong chuyn giao mm........................................................62 Hnh 3- Kim tra tin cy ca iu khin cng sut ng ln ti UE trong chuyn giao mm. 63 3.2.3 iu khin cng sut vng ngoi................................................................................................64 Bng 3- Kt qu m phng dch v AMR , BLER= 1%, s dng iu khin cng sut vng ngoi .....................................................................................................................................................................65 Hnh 3- Tnh ton cht lng trong vng ngoi ti RNC................................................................67 Hnh 3- Eb/N0 mc tiu trong knh ITU Pedestrian A, b m ho/gii m thoi AMR, BLER mc tiu 1%, bc 0,5dB, tc 3km/h........................................................................................................68 Hnh 3- iu khin cng sut vng ngoi ng ln cho nhiu dch v trn mt kt ni vt l...70
KT LUN..................................................................................................................71 TI LIU THAM KHO...............................................................................................73
IX
GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c
n tt nghip WCDMA
LI M U
Ra i vo nhng nm 40 ca th k XX, thng tin di ng c coi nh l mt thnh tu tin tin trong lnh vc thng tin vin thng vi c im cc thit b u cui c th truy cp dch v ngay khi ang di ng trong phm vi vng ph sng. Thnh cng ca con ngi trong lnh vc thng tin di ng khng ch dng li trong vic m rng vng ph sng phc v thu bao khp ni trn ton th gii, cc nh cung dch v, cc t chc nghin cu pht trin cng ngh di ng ang n lc hng ti mt h thng thng tin di ng hon ho, cc dch v a dng, cht lng dch v cao. 3G - H thng thng tin di ng th h 3 l ci ch trc mt m th gii ang hng ti. T thp nin 1990, Lin minh Vin thng Quc t bt tay vo vic pht trin mt nn tng chung cho cc h thng vin thng di ng. Kt qu l mt sn phm c gi l Thng tin di ng ton cu 2000 (IMT-2000). IMT-2000 khng ch l mt b dch v, n p ng c m lin lc t bt c ni u v vo bt c lc no. c nh vy, IMT2000 to iu kin tch hp cc mng mt t v/hoc v tinh. Hn th na, IMT-2000 cng cp n Internet khng dy, hi t cc mng c nh v di ng, qun l di ng (chuyn vng), cc tnh nng a phng tin di ng, hot ng xuyn mng v lin mng.. Cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 2 c xy dng theo tiu chun GSM, IS-95, PDC, IS-38 pht trin rt nhanh vo nhng nm 1990. Trong hn mt t thu bao in thoi di ng trn th gii, khong 863,6 triu thu bao s dng cng ngh GSM, 120 triu dng CDMA v 290 triu cn li dng FDMA hoc TDMA. Khi chng ta tin ti 3G, cc h thng GSM v CDMA s tip tc pht trin trong khi TDMA v FDMA s chm dn vo qun lng. Con ng GSM s ti l CDMA bng thng rng (WCDMA) trong khi CDMA s l cdma2000.
GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c
n tt nghip WCDMA
Ti Vit Nam, th trng di ng trong nhng nm gn y cng ang pht trin vi tc tng i nhanh. Cng vi hai nh cung cp dch v di ng ln nht l Vinaphone v Mobifone, Cng Ty Vin thng Qun i (Vietel), S-fone v mi nht l Cng ty c phn Vin thng H Ni v Vin Thng in Lc tham gia vo th trng di ng chc hn s to ra mt s cnh tranh ln gia cc nh cung cp dch v, em li mt s la chn phong ph cho ngi s dng. V vy, cc nh cung cp dch v di ng Vit Nam khng ch s dng cc bin php cnh tranh v gi c m cn phi n lc tng cng s lng dch v v nng cao cht lng dch v chim lnh th phn trong nc . iu c ngha rng hng ti 3G khng phi l mt tng lai xa Vit Nam. Trong s cc nh cung cp dch v di ng Vit Nam, ngoi hai nh cung cp dch v di ng ln nht l Vinaphone v Mobifone, cn c Vietel ang p dng cng ngh GSM v cung cp dch v di ng cho phn ln thu bao di ng Vit Nam. V vy khi tin ln 3G, chc chn hng p dng cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA xy dng h thng thng tin di ng th h 3 phi c xem xt nghin cu. n ny khng nghin cu c th l trnh pht trin t mng thng tin di ng th h 2 GSM tin ln UMTS nh th no, m nghin cu nhng kha cnh k thut ca cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA (ch FDD) trong h thng UMTS. n gm c 3 chng: Chng 1. Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ton cu: Chng ny trnh by xu hng pht trin ln 3G cu, cc t chc chun ho v qu trnh chun ha cc h thng thng tin di ng ton cu. Chng 2. Nghin cu tng quan cng ngh truy nhp WCDMA trong h thng UMTS: Chng ny nghin cu t nhng vn l thuyt lin quan n cng ngh WCDMA n nhng c trng ca cng ngh WCDMA, ca h thng UMTS.
SVTH: Phm Trung Dng Hong XI GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c
n tt nghip WCDMA
Chng 3. iu khin cng sut trong qun l ti nguyn v tuyn WCDMA: Chng ny cp cc thut ton qun l ti nguyn v tuyn trong h thng WCDMA, trong trnh by c th v iu khin cng sut trong h thng WCDMA.
XII
GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c
n tt nghip WCDMA
Chng 1. XU HNG PHT TRIN H THNG THNG TIN NG TON CU

1.1. Xu hng pht trin h thng thng tin di ng trn th gii. H thng thng tin di ng th h th nht s dng cng ngh a truy nhp theo tn s (FDMA) l h thng t bo tng t dung lng thp v ch c dch v thoi, tn ti l cc h thng NMT (Bc u), TACS (Anh), AMPS (M). n nhng nm 1980 tr nn qu ti khi nhu cu v s ngi s dng ngy cng tng ln. Lc ny, cc nh pht trin cng ngh di ng trn th gii nhn nh cn phi xy dng mt h thng t bo th h 2 m hon ton s dng cng ngh s. phi l cc h thng x l tn hiu s cung cp c dung lng ln, cht lng thoi c ci thin, c th p ng cc dch truyn s liu tc thp. Cc h thng 2G l GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication - Chu u), h thng D-AMPS (M) s dng cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian TDMA, v IS-95 M v Hn Quc s dng cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA bng hp. Mc d h thng thng tin di ng 2G c coi l nhng tin b ng k nhng vn gp phi cc hn ch sau: Tc thp (GSM l 10kbps) v ti nguyn hn hp. V th cn thit phi chuyn i ln mng thng tin di ng th h tip theo ci thin dch v truyn s liu, nng cao tc bit v ti nguyn c chia s Mng thng tin di ng 2G rt thnh cng trong vic cung cp dch v ti ngi s dng trn ton th gii, nhng s lng ngi s dng tng nhanh hn nhiu so vi d kin ban u. C th a ra cc thng k v s tng trng ca th trng di ng phn on theo cng ngh nh hnh 1-1. Cn c cc s liu thng k trn ta thy GSM l mt chun v tuyn di ng 2G s lng thu bao ln nht trn ton th gii. Nhng tc d
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng 1 GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c Hong
n tt nghip WCDMA
liu b hn ch v s lng ngi dng tng ln c bit l ngi s dng a phng tin c nguy c khng p ng nhu cu ca th trng.
Hnh 1- Thng k s tng trng th trng di ng phn loi theo cng ngh
Mt khc, khi cc h thng thng tin di ng ngy cng pht trin, khng ch s lng ngi s dng in thoi di ng tng ln, m rng th trng, m ngi s dng cn i hi cc dch v tin tin hn khng ch l cc dch v cuc gi thoi v dch v s liu tc thp hin c trong mng 2G. Nhu cu ca th trng c th phn loi thnh cc lnh vc sau: Dch v d liu my tnh(Computer Data): S liu my tnh (Computer Data) E-mail Truyn hnh nh thi gian thc (Real time image transfer) a phng tin (Multimedia) Tnh ton di ng (Computing) Dch v vin thng (Telecommunication) Di ng (Mobility) Hi ngh truyn hnh (Video conferencing) in thoi hnh (Video Telephony) Cc dch v s liu bng rng (Wide band data services)
n tt nghip WCDMA
Dich v ni dung m thanh hnh nh (Audio - video content) Hnh nh theo yu cu (Video on demand) Cc dch v tng tc hnh nh (Interactive video services) Bo in t (Electronic newspaper) Mua bn t xa (Teleshopping) Cc dch v internet gi tr gia tng (Value added internet services ) Dch v pht thanh v truyn hnh (TV& Radio contributions) Nhng l do trn thc y cc t chc nghin cu pht trin h thng thng tin di ng trn th gii tin hnh nghin cu v p dng trong thc t chun mi cho h thng thng tin di ng: Thng tin di ng 2,5G v 3G 1.2. Cc t chc chun ho 2.5 G v 3G trn th gii 1.2.1. Gii thiu chung v cc t chc chun ho. Trong mi lnh vc, mun p dng bt c cng ngh no trn phm vi ton th gii u phi xy dng mt b tiu chun cho cng ngh bt buc cc nh cung cp dch v, nh sn xut thit b hay cc nh khai thc phi tun th nghim ngt b tiu chun ca cng ngh . Vic xy dng b tiu chun cho mt cng ngh thng do t chc hay c quan c thm quyn nghin cu a ra d tho xut v nghin cu nh gi. Lnh vc thng tin di ng cng khng nm ngoi nguyn tc chung ny. Mt vn cn quan tm trong lnh vc di ng l trn th gii hin nay ang tn ti nhiu cng ngh di ng khc nhau ang cng tn ti pht trin v cnh tranh nhau chim lnh th phn. Nhu cu thng nht cc cng ngh ny thnh mt h thng thng tin di ng xut hin t lu, nhng gp phi nhiu kh khntr ngi. Trn thc t cc cng ngh di
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c Hong
n tt nghip WCDMA
ng khc nhau vn song song tn ti v pht trin. iu ny ng ngha vi vic trn th gii c nhiu t chc v c quan chun ho khc nhau. Hin nay trn th gii, tham gia vo vic chun ho cho h thng thng tin di ng 2,5G v 3G c cc t chc sau:
ITU-T (T-Telecommunications) C th l nhm SSG (Special Study
Group)
ITU-R (R- Radio): C th l nhm Working Group 8F WG8F. 3GPP: 3rd Global Partnership Project 3GPP2: 3rd Global Partnership Project 2 IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force Cc t chc pht trin tiu chun khu vc (SDO-Standard
Development Oganization) Ngoi ra cn c cc t chc khc trong c s tham gia ca cc nh khai thc thch ng v lm hi ho sn phm trn c s cc tiu chun chung. Cc nh khai thc tham gia nhm xy dng v pht trin h thng thng tin di ng mt cch hp l, ph hp vi thc t khai thc. Cc t chc l:
OHG Operators Harmonisation Group 3G.IP: c th l Working Group 8G- WG8G MWIF- Mobile Wireless Internet Forum
Cc t chc trn tuy hot ng theo hng khc nhau, da trn nn tng cc cng ngh khc nhau nhng c cu trc v nguyn tc hot ng tng t nhau. Tt c cc t chc ny u hng ti mc tiu chung l xy dng mng thng tin di ng 3G. ng thi cc t chc ny u c mi quan h hp tc gii quyt cc vn kt ni lin mng v chuyn vng ton cu. Hai t chc OHG v MWIF a ra cc chun pht trin kh nng roaming v ghp ni gia cc mng li 2G: GSM-MAP v ANS41. Mng li ANSI-41 c s dng bi cc h thng giao din v tuyn AMPS, IS-136 v IS-95. Mng li GSM-MAP c s dng bi cc h
n tt nghip WCDMA
thng giao din v tuyn GSM. C 2 mng li ny u s pht trin ln 3G v lun c lin kt hot ng vi nhau. S xut hin ca 3 t chc OHG , 3G.IP v MWIP cho thy n lc xy dng mt mng li chung IP mc d iu ch tr thnh hin thc khi h thng 3,5G v 4G c xy dng. Cng vic chun ho v xy dng tiu chun cho ANSI-41 c thc hin bi U ban TR.45.2 ca TIA v qu trnh pht trin mng ny ln 3G ang c thc hin trong cc nhm xy dng tiu chun k thut ca 3GPP2. Mng li da trn ANSI-41 s c s dng bi cc mng truy nhp v tuyn da trn cdma2000. Cng vic xy dng tiu chun GSM ang c tin hnh bi cc u ban SMG ca ETSI v c lm cho ph hp vi yu cu ca M trong T1P1.5. Mi quan h ny vn gi nguyn i vi c vic chun ho 3G. Pht trin GSM ln 3G c thc hin bi 3GPP v c lm hi ho vi cc yu cu ca M trong T1P1. Mng li da trn GSM-MAP s c s dng bi mng truy nhp v tuyn da trn UTRA. Nh vy 2 t chc chu trch nhim chnh trong vic xy dng tiu chun cho h thng thng tin di ng 3G l 3GPP v 3GPP2. Hai t chc ny c nhim v hnh thnh v pht trin cc k thut cc lnh vc ring nhm tho mn cc tiu chun k thut ca h thng thng tin di ng 3G thng nht. Phn tip theo s cp ti 2 t chc ny. 1.2.2. 3GPP Nm 1998, cc c quan pht trin tiu chun SDO khu vc ng thnh lp mt t chc chu trch nhim tiu chun ho UMTS, c t tn l 3GPP ( 3rd Generation Partnership Project). Cc thnh vin sng lp nn 3GPP bao gm :
ETSI- European Telecommunication Standard Institute- ca Chu u ARIB- Association of Radio Industry Board- ca Nht Bn TTA- Telecommunication Technology Association- ca Hn Quc
T1 ca Bc M
n tt nghip WCDMA
TTC- Telecommunication Technology Committee- ca Nht Bn CWTS- China Wireless Telecommunication Standard group - ca
Trung Quc. Ngoi ra cn c cc i tc v t vn th trng l: 3G.IP ca M GSA ca Anh GSM Association ca Ireland IPv6 Forum ca Anh UMTS Forum ca M 3G American ca M 3GPP cn c mt s quan st vin l cc t chc pht trin tiu chun khu vc c tim nng tr thnh thnh vin chnh thc trong tng lai. Cc quan st vin hin ti l:
TIA Telecommunications Industries Association -ca M TSACC-Telecommunications Standards AdvisoryCouncil of Canada-
ca Canada
ACIF- Australian Communication Industry Forum - ca c
Cc thnh vin ca 3GPP thng nht rng, cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn l hon ton mi v da trn WCDMA, cc thnh phn ca mng s c pht trin trn nn tng ca cc mng thng tin di ng th h 2 c vi nguyn tc tn dng cao nht c th. V mng li da trn m hnh GSM chng t c hiu qu trong s dng thc t, cc u cui 3G cng s mang mt card tho lp c mang thng tin lin quan n thu bao v cc chc nng c th ca nh cung cp dch v theo cch ging nh GSM s dng SIM. 3GPP c chia thnh cc nhm tiu chun k thut (TSG Technical Specification Group) chu trch nhim v tng lnh vc nht nh nh sau:
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
n tt nghip WCDMA
TSG-SA: v dch v v kin trc TSG-CN: v tiu chun ho mng li TSG-T: v thit b u cui TSG-GERAN: v mng truy nhp cho GSM v 2,5G TSG-RAN: v mng truy nhp cho 3G Cc nhm k thut trn c qun l bi mt nhm phi hp hot ng d n PCG (Project Co-ordination Group). Cu trc chc nng c trnh by trong hnh 1-2
CU TRC BN TRONG 3g pp
Nhm phi h p d n
TSG M ng truy nhp v tuy n
TSG M ng li
TSG Cc thit b cui u
TSG Cc kh c nh a h thng v d v ch
TSG M ng truy nhp v tuyn GSM/EDGE
C c c t nh k t h ut
Hnh 1- Cu trc chc nng ca PCG v TSG trong 3GPP Bng 1- Cc tham s c bn ca UTRA FDD v TDD, ARIB WCDMA FDD v TDD
ETSI FDD Phng php a truy nhp Tc chip Mcps

SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
UTRA TDD TDCDMA
ARIB WCDMA [ Nhat ban ] FDD TDD
WCDMA
WCDMA
TD-CDMA
3,84 3,84 3,84 36)

7
3,84 /15,36)
(1,024/7,68/15, (1,024/7,68
n tt nghip WCDMA
Khong cch sng mang di khung S ln iu khin cng sut trong mt khe thi gian Khong thi gian mt khe thi gian iu ch s liu (DL/UL) iu ch tri ph (DL/UL*) QPSK QPSK QPSK/QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK/BPSK Khng tn ti 625s Khng tn ti 15 15 15 5MHz 5MHz 5(1,25/10/20)M Hz
5 (1,25/10/2 0) MHz 10ms
10ms
10ms
10ms
15
625s
QPSK/BPSK
QPSK/QPS K
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
n tt nghip WCDMA
H s tri ph Dng xung
4-512 hm cos nng r= 0,22
1,2,4,8,1 6 hm cos nng r= 0,22
2-512 hm cos nng r= 0,22
2-512 hm cos nng r= 0,22
*DL/UL ng xung / ng ln Cc tiu chun dnh cho 3G m 3GPP xy dng c pht trin da trn giao din v tuyn GSM-MAP v UTRA WCDMA. Khi nim UTRA bao gm c cc ch hot ng FDD v TDD h tr mt cch hiu qu cc nhu cu dch v UMTS khc nhau v cc dch v i xng v khng i xng. Trong qu trnh nh gi UTRA trong ETSI SMG2, vic kho st c tp trung vo ch FDD. Khi nim TD-CDMA c chp thun dng cho ch TDD cha ng hi ho cc tham s gia FDD v TDD. Cc tham s ca UTRA c trnh by trong bng 1-1. xut WCDMA ca ARIB bao gm c 2 ch hot ng, FDD v TDD. Ch FDD ca xut ny kh ging vi ch FDD ca ETSI UTRA. Tuy nhin, ch TDD c thit k gn ging vi ch FDD, nhng chp nhn mt s c trng ring bit nh cng ngh iu khin cng sut vng m v phn tp pht. Sau quyt nh vo thng 1 nm 1998 ca ETSI SMG, h thng truy nhp c i tn l TD-CDMA thay cho tn WCDMA trc y, bi v mt s nt c trng ca TDMA c kt hp vo tn dng nhng u im v cng ngh ca TD-CDMA. 1.2.3. 3GPP2 3GPP2 c thnh lp vo cui nm 1998, vi 5 thnh vin chnh thc l t chc pht trin sau tiu chun sau:
ARIB- Association of Radio Industry Board- ca Nht Bn CWTS- China Wireless Telecommunication Standard - ca Trung
Quc
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
n tt nghip WCDMA
TIA- Telecommunication Industry Association Ca Bc M TTA- Telecommunication Technology Association- Ca Hn Quc TTC- Telecommunication Technology Council- ca Nht Bn
Ngoi ra t chc ny cn c mt s cc i tc t vn th trng nh:

CDG- The CDMA Development Group MWIF- Mobile Wireless Internet Forum IPv6 Forum
C th nhn thy rng thnh phn tham gia 2 c quan chun ho 3GPP v 3GPP2 v c bn l ging nhau, ch khc im 3GPP c s tham gia ca ETSI. V vy d dng suy ra v c bn, cu trc t chc, nguyn l hot ng ca 2 c quan ny gn ging nhau. S khc nhau ch yu ca 2 c quan ny nm con ng pht trin ln h thng 3G. V cu trc chc nng, trc ht 3GPP2 c mt ban ch o d nPSC (Project Steering Commitee). PSC s qun l ton b cng tc tiu chun ho theo cc nhm k thut TSG. 3GPP2 hin nay c 4 nhm TSG, bao gm: TSG-A: nghin cu v cc h thng giao din mng truy nhp TSG-C: v CDMA2000 TSG-S: v cc kha cnh dch v v h thng TSG-X: v hot ng lin kt cc h thng. Ta c th thy cng vic chnh ca cng vic chnh ca 3GPP2 chnh l xy dng tiu chun ho CDMA2000. CDMA2000 cung cp mt con ng pht trin ln 3G bng cch s dng cc tiu chun TIA/EIA-95B hin c, bao gm: TIA/EIA-95B: cc tiu chun trm di ng v giao din v tuyn. IS-707: tiu chun cho cc dch v s liu(dng gi, khng ng b v fax) IS-127: tiu chun cho b m ho thoi tc 8,5Kbps EVRC
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
10
n tt nghip WCDMA
IS-733: tiu chun cho b m ho thoi tc 13kbps

IS-637: tiu chun cho dch v nhn tin ngn (SMS)
IS-638: qun l cc tham s v vic kch hot qua khng gian (h tr vic cu hnh v kch hot dch v ca cc trm di ng qua giao din v tuyn). IS-97 v IS-98: cc tiu chun dnh cho cc hot ng mc ti thiu Cu trc knh TIA/EIA-95 c bn. Cc tiu chun m rng cho cc cu trc knh TIA/EIA-95B c bn b tr, lp ghp knh v bo hiu h tr cc knh pht qung b (Knh hoa tiu , knh tm gi, knh ng b) IS-634A: khng chu s thay i quan trng no khi dng cho CDMA2000; cu trc phn lp ca CDMA2000 dn dn tch hp vi cu trc thnh phn ca IS-634A. TIA/EIA-41D: khng cn thay i nhiu khi s dng cho CDMA2000; cu trc phn tng ca CDMA2000 to ra kh nng d tch hp vi cc dch v gi tr gia tng. Cc tiu chun ca 3GPP2 c pht trin theo cc pha sau y: Pha 0: ton b cc tiu chun c cc SDO hon thin Pha 1: ch yu l cc ch tiu k thut cho Release 1 k tha ton b phn 2G IS-95A v IS-95B. Hon thin vo nm 2000. Pha 2: bt u t gia nm 2001 nhm h tr kh nng IP Multimedia, phin bn u tin hon thin trong nm 2002, cc phin bn sau trong nm 2003. Pha 3: thm cc chc nng theo hng mng li IP. Hin nay giai on ny c khi ng. Ngoi ra, hin nay CDMA2000 1xEV ca 3GPP2 c ITU chnh thc chp thun 3G.
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
11
n tt nghip WCDMA
1.2.4. Mi quan h gia 3GPP v 3GPP2 v ITU 3GPP v 3GPP2 hp tc ln u nhm gii quyt vn kt ni lin mng, chuyn vng ton cu, tp trung vo 3 kha cnh chnh: Truy nhp v tuyn Thit b u cui Mng li Hot ng hp tc ny ch yu thng qua OGH v cc nhm ad hoc c s tham gia ca c 2 bn 3GPP v 3GPP2. Hin nay, IETF l mt trong cc nhn t mi cng vi 3GPP v gii quyt hng mng li chung ton IP. Mi y, sau khi nghin cu HSDPA (3GPP) v 1xEV-DO (3GPP2), c hai t chc ny ang tip tc n lc theo hng mng li IP chung qua cc cuc hp nm 2002. ITU chu trch nhim phi hp s hot ng ca cc t chc tiu chun ho, c th l 2 n v chu trch nhim trc tip: ITU-T SSG- Special Study Group
ITU-R WP8F- Working Party 8F.
Trong , ITU-T SSG c 3 nhm lm vic vi 7 vn , gii quyt 90% cng tc chun ho v mng (Network Aspects), tp trung vo cc mng: Giao din NNI Qun l di ng Yu cu giao thc Pht trin giao thc Ngc li, ITU-R WP8F c trch nhim gii quyt 90% cng tc chun ho v giao din v tuyn tp trung vo cc nhim v : Cc ch tiu ton din ca mt h thng IMT-2000
Tip tc chun ho ton cu bng cch kt hp vi cc c quan tiu
chun SDO v cc Project (3GPP v 3GPP2) Xc nh mc tiu sau IMT-2000:3,5G v 4G

n tt nghip WCDMA
Tp trung vo phn mng mt t (tng tc d liu, mng theo hng IP) Phi hp vi ITU-R WP8P v v tinh, vi ITU-T v ITU-D v cc vn lin quan. Vai tr ca tng thnh phn trong mi quan h gia cc t chc ny c th rt gn nh sau: 3GPP v 3GPP2: m bo pht trin cng ngh v cc ch tiu giao din v tuyn cho ton cu; Cc t chc tiu chun khu vc SDO: lm thch ng cc tiu chun chung cho tng khu vc. Kt qu l s xut hin ca cc tiu chun IMT2000 trn c s ch tiu k thut ca 3GPP v 3GPP2. ITU-T v ITU-R: m bo kh nng tng thch v roaming ton cu vi cc ch tiu. C th r vic phn cng v trch nhim qua ITU-R.M 1457 v ITU-T Q.REF. Hin nay, c 3GPP, 3GPP2, ITU v IETF tip tc phi hp cht ch gii quyt mng li chung IP theo cc cng ngh 3,5G v 4G. 1.3. Tnh hnh chun ho 2,5G v 3G 1.3.1. M u Hin nay, cc b tiu chun cng ngh 2,5G v c bn c hon thin, c th nh sau: 3GPP hon thin ch tiu k thut GPRS, t cc t chc chun ho khu vc c b tiu chun k thut GPRS. Mt s cc nc thuc nhm cng ngh ny nh Chu u, Hng Kng, Nht Bn bin son hoc chp nhn nguyn vn chun cho ph hp vi iu kin cng ngh ca mnh. 3GPP2 hon thin cc ch tiu k thut CDMA2000 1xEV-DO. Cc t chc chun ha khu vc ca cc nc c cng ngh IS-95A hoc IS95B hu ht c tiu chun p dng nguyn vn cng ngh 2,5G.
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
13
n tt nghip WCDMA
Vi cng ngh 3G, tnh hnh chun ho phc tp hn vi 3 mng chnh sau: Cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn Mng li Giao din vi cc h thng khc. 1.3.2 Chun ho cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn Trn th gii hin ang tn ti nhiu cng ngh thng tin di ng 2G khc nhau vi s vn u t tng i ln. Vic xy dng mt h thng thng tin di ng tin tin hn lun i hi phi ch ti vn li nhun kinh t, c ngha l cc h thng thng tin di ng mi phi tng thch ngc vi cc h thng 2G hin c, tn dng s u t v c s h tng ca cc h thng c. Nh vy, mc tiu pht trin n mt tiu chun duy nht cho IMT-2000 l khng th t c. Trn thc t, ITU chp nhn s tn ti song song ca 5 h cng ngh khc nhau: IMT-MC (IMT-Multi Carrier): CDMA2000
IMT-DS (IMT- Direct Sequence): WCDMA FDD
IMT-TC: WCDMA-TDD IMT-SC: TDMA mt sng mang, cn gi l UWC-136 v EDGE IMT-FT: DECT Cc h cng ngh ny c nn tng cng ngh khc nhau v c cc c quan t chc tiu chun ho khc nhau thc hin cc vic xy dng chun c trnh by trong hnh 1-3
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
14
n tt nghip WCDMA
DIRECT SEQUENCE TIME CODE SINGLE CARRIER
MUL TICARRIER
FREQUENCY TIME
UTRA FDD
UTRA TDD
ca to o c c chip cao va p tha
UWC 136
cdma 2000
DECT
3GPP
UWCC
3GPP2
ETSI
Hnh 1- Cc h cng ngh c ITU-R chp nhn
Trong nm 2002, ITU-R chp thun 7 loi cng ngh c th, m thc cht thuc 5 h cng ngh trn:
CDMA a sng mang (cdma2000)
CDMA1x-EV CDMA TDD (UTRA) CDMA TDD (TD-SCDMA) W-CDMA (UTRA - FDD) UWC-136 (FDD) FDMA/TDMA: DECT. Cc cng ngh trn bao gm: - Hai tiu chun TDMA: SC-TDMA (UWC-136) v MC-TDMA (DECT) - Ba tiu chun CDMA : MC-CDMA (cdma2000 ), DS-CDMA (WCDMA) v CDMA-TDD (bao gm TD-SCDMA v UTRA-TDD). Ta xt cc tiu chun TDD vi cc c im sau: - TDD c th s dng cc ngun ti nguyn tn s khc nhau v khng cn cp tn s. - TDD ph hp vi truyn dn bt i xng v tc gia ng ln v ng xung, c bit vi cc dch v d liu dng IP - TDD hot ng cng tn s cho ng ln v ng xung, ph hp cho vic s dng cc k thut mi nh anten thng minh
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
15
n tt nghip WCDMA
- Chi ph thit b h thng TDD thp hn, c th thp hn t 20 n 50%
so vi cc h thng FDD. Tuy nhin, hn ch chnh ca h thng TDD l tc di chuyn v din tch ph sng. Cc h thng TDD ch thch hp vi vic trin khai cho cc dch v a phng tin trong cc khu vc mt cao v c yu cu cao v dung lng thoi, d liu v cc dch v a phng tin trong cc khu vc tp trung thu bao ln. TD-SCDMA l cng ngh do Trung Quc xut, cn UTRA-TDD c xem l phn b sung cho UTRA-FDD ti nhng vng c dung lng rt cao. Hn na cc cng ngh ny cha c sn phm thng mi. Trn thc t ch c 2 tiu chun quan trng nht c sn phm thng mi v c kh nng c trin khai rng ri trn ton th gii l WCDMA (FDD) v cdma2000. WCDMA c pht trin trn c s tng thch vi giao thc ca mng li GSM (GSM MAP), mt h thng chim ti 65% th trng th gii. Cn cdma2000 nhm tng thch vi mng li IS-41, hin chim 15% th trng. Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G cng s tp trung vo 2 hng chnh ny, c th c tm tt trong hnh 14.
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
16
n tt nghip WCDMA
TACS GSM (900)
GPRS NMT (900) GSM (1800) GSM (1900) GPRS IS-136 (1900) IS-95 (J-STD-008) (1900) IS-136 TDMA (800) AMPS IS-95 CDMA (800) iDEN (800) cdma2000 1x EDGE
WCDM A
cdma2000 Mx
SMR
1G
2G
2.5G
3G
Hnh 1- Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G ca 2 nhnh cng ngh chnh
1.3.3 Phn tch hai nhnh cng ngh chnh tin ln 3G a) Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMA WCDMA l mt tiu chun thng tin di ng 3G ca IMT-2000 c pht trin ch yu Chu u vi mc ch cho php cc mng cung cp kh nng chuyn vng ton cu v h tr nhiu dch v thoi, dch v a phng tin. Cc mng WCDMA c xy dng da trn c s mng GSM, tn dng c s h tng sn c ca cc nh khai thc mng GSM. Qu trnh pht trin t GSM ln CDMA qua cc giai on trung gian, c th c tm tt trong s sau y:
n tt nghip WCDMA
GSM
GPRS
19 99
ED GE
20 00
W M CD A
20 02
Hnh 1- Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh s dng cng ngh WCDMA
GPRS GPRS l mt h thng v tuyn thuc giai on trung gian, nhng vn l h thng 3G nu xt v mng li. GPRS cung cp cc kt ni s liu chuyn mch gi vi tc truyn ln ti 171,2Kbps (tc s liu nh) v h tr giao thc Internet TCP/IP v X25, nh vy tng cng ng k cc dch v s liu ca GSM. Cng vic tch hp GPRS vo mng GSM ang tn ti l mt qu trnh n gin. Mt phn cc khe trn giao din v tuyn dnh cho GPRS, cho php ghp knh s liu gi c lp lch trnh trc i vi mt s trm di ng. Phn h trm gc ch cn nng cp mt phn nh lin quan n khi iu khin gi (PCU- Packet Control Unit) cung cp kh nng nh tuyn gi gia cc u cui di ng cc nt cng (gateway). Mt nng cp nh v phn mm cng cn thit h tr cc h thng m ho knh khc nhau. Mng li GSM c to thnh t cc kt ni chuyn mch knh c m rng bng cch thm vo cc nt chuyn mch s liu v gateway mi, c gi l GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) v SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node). GPRS l mt gii php c chun ho hon ton vi cc giao din m rng v c th chuyn thng ln 3G v cu trc mng li. EDGE EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution) l mt k thut truyn dn 3G c chp nhn v c th trin khai trong ph tn hin c
n tt nghip WCDMA
ca cc nh khai thc TDMA v GSM. EDGE ti s dng bng tn sng mang v cu trc khe thi gian ca GSM, v c thit k nhm tng tc s liu ca ngi s dng trong mng GPRS hoc HSCSD bng cch s dng cc h thng cao cp v cng ngh tin tin khc. V vy, c s h tng v thit b u cui hon ton ph hp vi EDGE hon ton tng thch vi GSM v GRPS. WCDMA hay UMTS/FDD WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) l mt cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn c pht trin mnh Chu u. H thng ny hot ng ch FDD v da trn k thut tri ph chui trc tip (DSSS- Direct Sequence Spectrum) s dng tc chip 3,84Mcps bn trong bng tn 5MHz. Bng tn rng hn v tc tri ph cao lm tng li x l v mt gii php thu a ng tt hn, l c im quyt nh chun b cho IMT-2000. WCDMA h tr trn vn c dch v chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi tc cao v m bo s hot ng ng thi cc dch v hn hp vi ch gi hot ng mc hiu qu cao nht. Hn na WCDMA c th h tr cc tc s liu khc nhau, da trn th tc iu chnh tc . Chun WCDMA hin thi s dng phng php iu ch QPSK, mt phng php iu ch tt hn 8-PSK, cung cp tc s liu nh l 2Mbps vi cht lng truyn tt trong vng ph rng. WCDMA l cng ngh truyn dn v tuyn mi vi mng truy nhp v tuyn mi, c gi l UTRAN, bao gm cc phn t mng mi nh RNC (Radio Network Controller) v NodeB (tn gi trm gc mi trong UMTS) Tuy nhin mng li GPRS/EDGE c th c s dng li v cc thit b u cui hot ng nhiu ch c kh nng h tr GSM/GPRS/EDGE v c WCDMA.
n tt nghip WCDMA
b) Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh cdma2000. H thng cdma2000 gm mt s nhnh hoc giai on pht trin khc nhau h tr cc dch v ph c tng cng. Ni chung cdma2000 l mt cch tip cn a sng mang cho cc sng c rng n ln 1,25MHz hot ng ch FDD. Nhng cng vic chun ho tp trung vo gii php mt sng mang n 1,25MHz (1x) vi tc chip gn ging IS-95. cdma2000 c pht trin t cc mng IS-95 ca h thng thng tin di ng 2G, c th m t qu trnh pht trin trong hnh v sau:
IS-95A IS-95B
1999
Cdma2000 1x
2000
Cdma2000 Mx
2002
Hnh 1- Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh cdma2000. IS-95B. IS-95B, hay cdmaOne c coi l cng ngh thng tin di ng 2,5G thuc nhnh pht trin cdma2000, l mt tiu chun kh linh hot cho php cung cp dch v s liu tc ln n 115Kbps cdma2000 1xRTT Giai on u ca cdma2000 c gi l 1xRTT hay ch l 1xEVDO, c thit k nhm ci thin dung lng thoi cua IS-95B v h tr kh nng truyn s liu tc nh ln ti 307,2Kbps. Tuy nhin, cc thit b u cui thng mi ca 1x mi ch cho php tc s liu nh ln ti 153,6kbps. Nhng ci thin so vi IS-95 t c nh a vo mt s cng ngh tin tin nh iu ch QPSK v m ho Turbo cho cc dch v s liu cng vi kh nng iu khin cng sut nhanh ng xung v phn tp pht. cdma2000 1xEV-DO 1xEV-DO, c hnh thnh t cng ngh HDR (High Data Rate) ca Qualcomm, c chp nhn vi tn ny nh l mt tiu chun thng
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
20
n tt nghip WCDMA
tin di ng 3G vo thng 8 nm 2001 v bo hiu cho s pht trin ca gii php n sng mang i vi truyn s liu gi ring bit. Nguyn l c bn ca h thng ny l chia cc dch v thoi v dch v s liu tc cao vo cc sng mang khc nhau. 1xEV-DO c th c xem nh mt mng s liu xp chng, yu cu mt sng mang ring. tin hnh cc cuc gi va c thoi, va c s liu trn cu trc xp chng ny cn c cc thit b hot ng 2 ch 1x v 1xEV-DO. cdma2000 1xEV-DV Trong cng ngh 1xEV-DO c s d tha v ti nguyn do s phn bit c nh ti nguyn dnh cho thoi v ti nguyn dnh cho s liu. Do , CDG, nhm pht trin CDMA, khi u pha th ba ca cdma2000 a cc dch v thoi v s liu quay v ch dng mt sng mang 1,25MHz v tip tc duy tr s tng thch ngc vi 1xRTT. Tc s liu cc i ca ngi s dng ln ti 3,1Mbps tng ng vi kch thc gi d liu 3940 bit trong khong thi gian 1,25ms. Mc d k thut truyn dn c bn c nh hnh, vn c nhiu xut cng ngh cho cc thnh phn cha c quyt nh k c tiu chun cho ng xung ca 1xEV-DV. cdma2000 3x(MC- CDMA ) cdma2000 3x, hay 3xRTT, cp n s la chn a sng mang ban u trong cu hnh v tuyn cdma2000 v c gi l MC-CDMA (Multi carrier) thuc IMT-MC trong IMT-2000. Cng ngh ny lin quan n vic s dng 3 sng mang 1x tng tc s liu v c thit k cho di tn 5MHz (gm 3 knh 1,25Mhz). S la chn a sng mang ny ch p dng c trong truyn dn ng xung. ng ln tri ph trc tip, ging nh WCDMA vi tc chip hi thp hn mt cht 3,6864Mcps (3 ln 1,2288Mcps).
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
21
n tt nghip WCDMA
1.3.4 Tng kt Nh vy, trn th gii hin ang tn ti cc cng ngh khc xy dng h thng thng tin di ng 3G. Cc nc khi la chn cc cng ngh 3G c th cn c theo ITU-R M.1457 xc nh cc ch tiu ch yu ca h cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn v xy dng tiu chun trn c s tp hp bin son hoc p dng nguyn vn theo cc tiu chun ca SDO sao cho ph hp vi iu kin ca mnh.
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
22
n tt nghip WCDMA
Chng 2. TNG QUAN CNG NGH WCDMA TRONG H THNG UMTS.

2.1 Nguyn l CDMA 2.1.1 Nguyn l tri ph CDMA Cc h thng s c thit k tn dng dung lng mt cch ti a. Theo nguyn l dung lng knh truyn ca Shannon c m t trong (2.1), r rng dung lng knh truyn c th c tng ln bng cch tng bng tn knh truyn. C = B. log2(1+S/N) cng sut tn hiu v N l cng sut tp m. V vy, i vi mt t s S/N c th (SNR), dung lng tng ln nu bng thng s dng truyn tng. CDMA l cng ngh thc hin tri tn hiu gc thnh tn hiu bng rng trc khi truyn i. CDMA thng c gi l K thut a truy nhp tri ph (SSMA).T s rng bng tn truyn thc vi rng bng tn ca thng tin cn truyn c gi l li x l (GP ) hoc l h s tri ph. GP = Bt / Bi hoc GP = B/R Trong Bt :l rng bng tn truyn thc t Bi : rng bng tn ca tn hiu mang tin B : l rng bng tn RF R : l tc thng tin Mi quan h gia t s S/N v t s Eb/I0, trong Eb l nng lng trn mt bit, v I0 l mt ph nng lng tp m, th hin trong cng thc sau : (2.2) (2.1) Trong B l bng thng (Hz), C l dung lng knh (bit/s), S l
S Eb R Eb 1 = = N I0 B I0 Gp
(2.3)
V th, vi mt yu cu Eb/I0 xc nh, li x l cng cao, th t

n tt nghip WCDMA
s S/N yu cu cng thp. Trong h thng CDMA u tin, IS-95, bng thng truyn dn l 1.25MHz. Trong h thng WCDMA, bng thng truyn khong 5MHz. Trong CDMA, mi ngi s dng c gn mt chui m duy nht (m tri ph) tri tn hiu thng tin thnh mt tn hiu bng rng trc khi truyn i. Bn thu bit c chui m ca ngi s dng v gii m khi phc tn hiu gc. 2.1.2 K thut tri ph v gii tri ph Tri ph v gii tri ph l hot ng c bn nht trong cc h thng DS-CDMA. D liu ngi s dng ng l chui bit c iu ch BPSK c tc l R. Hot ng tri ph chnh l nhn mi bit d liu ngi s dng vi mt chui n bit m, c gi l cc chip. y, ta ly n=8 th h s tri ph l 8, ngha l thc hin iu ch tri ph BPSK. Kt qu tc d liu l 8xR v c dng xut hin ngu nhin (gi nhiu) nh l m tri ph. Vic tng tc d liu ln 8 ln p ng vic m rng (vi h s l 8) ph ca tn hiu d liu ngi s dng c tri ra. Tn hiu bng rng ny s c truyn qua cc knh v tuyn n u cui thu.
Hnh 2- Qu trnh tri ph v gii tri ph
Trong qu trnh gii tri ph, cc chui chip/d liu ngi s dng tri ph c nhn tng bit vi cng cc chip m 8 c s dng trong
24
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
n tt nghip WCDMA
qu trnh tri ph. Nh trn hnh v tn hiu ngi s dng ban u c khi phc hon ton. 2.1.3. K thut a truy nhp CDMA Mt mng thng tin di ng l mt h thng nhiu ngi s dng, trong mt s lng ln ngi s dng chia s ngun ti nguyn vt l chung truyn v nhn thng tin. Dung lng a truy nhp l mt trong cc yu t c bn ca h thng. K thut tri ph tn hiu cn truyn em li kh nng thc hin a truy nhp cho cc h thng CDMA. Trong lch s thng tin di ng tn ti cc cng ngh a truy nhp khc nhau : TDMA, FDMA v CDMA. S khc nhau gia chng c ch ra trong hnh 2-2.
Hnh 2- Cc cng ngh a truy nhp
Trong h thng a truy nhp theo tn s FDMA, cc tn hiu cho cc ngi s dng khc nhau c truyn trong cc knh khc nhau vi cc tn s iu ch khc nhau. Trong h thng a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian TDMA, cc tn hiu ca ngi s dng khc nhau c truyn i trong cc khe thi gian khc nhau. Vi cc cng ngh khc nhau, s ngi s dng ln nht c th chia s ng thi cc knh vt l l c nh. Tuy nhin trong h thng CDMA, cc tn hiu cho ngi s dng khc nhau c truyn i trong cng mt bng tn ti cng mt thi im. Mi tn hiu ngi s dng ng vai tr nh l nhiu i vi tn hiu ca ngi s dng khc, do dung lng ca h thng CDMA gn nh l mc nhiu, v khng c con s ln nht c nh, nn dung lng ca h thng CDMA c gi l dung lng mm.
25
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
n tt nghip WCDMA
Hnh 2-3 ch ra mt v d lm th no 3 ngi s dng c th truy nhp ng thi trong mt h thng CDMA.
Hnh 2- Nguyn l ca a truy nhp tri ph
Ti bn thu, ngi s dng 2 s gii tri ph tn hiu thng tin ca n tr li tn hiu bng hp, ch khng phi tn hiu ca bt c ngi no khc. Bi v s tng quan cho gia m ca ngi s dng mong mun v cc m ca ngi s dng khc l rt nh : vic tch sng kt hp s ch cp nng lng cho tn hiu mong mun v mt phn nh cho tn hiu ca ngi s dng khc v bng tn thng tin. li x l v c im bng rng ca qu trnh x l em li nhiu li ch cho cc h thng CDMA, nh hiu sut ph cao v dung lng mm. Tuy nhin, tt c nhng li ch yu cu vic s dng k thut iu khin cng sut nghim ngt v chuyn giao mm, trnh cho tn hiu ca ngi s dng ny che thng tin ca ngi s dng khc. 2.2. Mt s c trng ca lp vt l trong h thng WCDMA. 2.2.1. Cc m tri ph . Trong h thng tri ph chui trc tip DSSS, cc bit d liu c m ho vi mt chui bit gi ngu nhin (PN). Mng v tuyn UMTS mng s dng mt tc chip c nh l 3.84Mcps em li mt bng thng sng mang xp x 5MHz. D liu c gi qua giao din v tuyn
26
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
n tt nghip WCDMA
WCDMA c m ho 2 ln trc khi c iu ch v truyn i. Qu trnh ny c m t trong hnh v sau:
Hnh 2- Qu trnh tri ph v trn
Nh vy trong qu trnh trn c hai loi m c s dng l m trn v m nh knh.
M nh knh: l cc m h s tri ph bin i trc giao OVSF gi
tnh trc giao gia cc knh c cc tc v h s tri ph khc nhau. Cc m la chn c xc nh bi h s tri ph. Cn phi ch rng: Mt m c th c s dng trong cell khi v ch khi khng c m no khc trn ng dn t mt m c th n gc ca cy m hoc l trn mt cy con pha di m c s dng trong cng mt cell. C th ni tt c cc m c chn la s dng hon ton theo quy lut trc giao.
M trn. M trn c s dng trn ng xung l tp hp chui
m Gold. Cc iu kin ban u da vo s m trn n. Chc nng ca n dng phn bit cc trm gc khc nhau. Thng qua m phng, n c xc nh l t s gia t tng quan v tng quan cho khi thay i s chip b ct bt do thay i t s S/N. Kt qu c ch ra trong bng 2-1.
Bng 2- Quan h gia S/N v s chip b ct bt
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
27
n tt nghip WCDMA
C hai loi m trn trn ng ln , chng dng duy tr s phn bit gia cc my di ng khc nhau. C hai loi u l m phc. M th nht l m ho Kasami rt rng. Loi th hai l m trn di ng ln thng c s dng trong cell khng pht hin thy nhiu ngi s dngtrong mt trm gc. l chui m Gold c chiu di l 241-1. 2.2.2. Phng thc song cng. Hai phng thc song cng c s dng trong kin trc WCDMA: Song cng phn chia theo thi gian (TDD) v song cng phn chia theo tn s (FDD). Phng php FDD cn hai bng tn cho ng ln v ng xung. Phng thc TDD ch cn mt bng tn. Thng thng ph tn s c bn cho cc nh khai thc theo cc di c th bng 2x10MHz, hoc 2x15MHz cho mi b iu khin. Mc d c mt s c im khc nhau nhng c hai phng thc u c tng hiu sut gn ging nhau. Ch TDD khng cho php gia my di ng v trm gc c tr truyn ln, bi v s gy ra ng gia cc khe thi gian thu v pht. V vy m ch IDD ph hp vi cc mi trng c tr truyn thp, cho nn ch TDD vn hnh cc pico cell. Mt u im ca TDD l tc d liu ng ln v ng xung c th rt khc nhau, v vy m ph hp cho cc ng dng c c tnh bt i xng gia ng ln v ng xung , chng hn nh Web browsing. Trong qu trnh hoch nh mng, cc u im v nhc im ca hai phng php ny c th b tr. n ny ch tp trung nghin cu ch FDD. Hnh di y ch ra s phn b ph tn s ca h thng UMTS Chu u.
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
28
n tt nghip WCDMA
1900 1920 1980 2010 2025

2110 2170 MHz
n bn ag
n bn ag
Son b n g ag g le n n g xuog n n
Hnh 2- Phn b ph tn cho UMTS chu u.
2.2.3. Dung lng mng. Kt qu ca vic s dng cng ngh a truy nhp tri ph CDMA l dung lng ca cc h thng UMTS khng b gii hn cng, c ngha l mt ngi s dng c th b sung m khng gy ra nghn bi s lng phn cng hn ch. H thng GSM c s lng cc lin kt v cc knh c nh ch cho php mt lu lng ln nht c tnh ton v hoch nh trc nh s dng cc m hnh thng k. Trong h thng UMTS bt c ngi s dng mi no s gy ra mt lng nhiu b sung cho nhng ngi s dng ang c mt trong h thng, nh hng n ti ca h thng. Nu c s m th mc tng nhiu do tng ti l c cu gii hn dung lng chnh trong mng. Vic cc cell b co hp li do ti cao v vic tng dung lng ca cc cell m cc cell ln cn n c mc nhiu thp l cc hiu ng th hin c im dung lng xc nh nhiu trong cc mng CDMA. Chnh v th m trong cc mng CDMA c c im dung lng mm. c bit, khi quan tm n chuyn giao mm th cc c cu ny lm cho vic hoch nh mng tr nn phc tp. 2.2. 4. Phn tp a ng- B thu RAKE. Truyn sng v tuyn trong knh di ng mt t c c trng bi cc s phn x, s suy hao khc nhau ca nng lng tn hiu. Cc hin
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
29
n tt nghip WCDMA
tng ny gy ra do cc vt cn t nhin nh to nh, cc qu idn n hiu ng truyn sng a ng.
Hnh 2- Truyn sng a ng
Hiu ng a ng thng gy ra nhiu kh khn cho cc h thng truyn dn v tuyn. Mt trong nhng u im ca cc h thng DSSS l tn hiu thu qua cc nhnh a ng vi tr truyn khc nhau v cng tn hiu khc nhau li c th ci thin hiu sut ca h thng. kt hp cc thnh phn t cc nhnh a ng mt cch nht qun, cn thit phi tch ng cc thnh phn . Trong cc h thng WCDMA, b thu RAKE c s dng thc hin chc nng ny. Mt b thu RAKE bao gm nhiu b thu c gi l finger. B thu RAKE s dng cc b cn bng v cc b xoay pha chia nng lng ca cc thnh phn tn hiu khc nhau c pha v bin thay i theo knh trong s chm sao. Sau khi iu chnh tr thi gian v cng tn hiu, cc thnh phn khc nhau c kt hp thnh mt tn hiu vi cht lng cao hn. Qu trnh ny c gi l qu trnh kt hp theo t s ln nht (MRC), v ch c cc tn hiu vi tr tng i cao hn rng thi gian ca mt chip mi c kt hp. Qu trnh kt hp theo t s ln nht s dng tc chip l 3.84Mcps tng ng vi 0.26s hoc l chnh lch v di ng dn l 78m. Phng php ny gim ng k hiu ng phadinh bi v khi cc knh c c im khc nhau c kt hp th nh hng ca phadinh nhanh
n tt nghip WCDMA
c tnh bnh qun. li thu c t vic kt hp nht qun cc thnh phn a ng tng t vi li ca chuyn giao mm c c bng cch kt hp hai hay nhiu tn hiu trong qu trnh chuyn giao. 2.2.5. Cc knh giao din v tuyn UTRA FDD. Giao din v tuyn UTRA FDD c cc knh logic, chng c nh x vo cc knh chuyn vn, cc knh chuyn vn li nh x vo knh vt l. Hnh v sau ch ra s cc knh v s nh x ca chng vo cc knh khc.
Hnh 2- S nh x gia cc knh khc nhau.
Ph lc B s ch ra chi tit cc knh UTRA khc nhau. 2.2.6. Trng thi cell. Nhn di gc UTRA, UE c th ch ri hoc ch kt ni. Trong ch ri, my di ng c bt v bt c knh iu khin ca mt cell no , nhng phn UTRAN ca mng khng c thng tin no v UE. UE ch c th c nh a ch bi mt thng ip (chng hn nh thng bo tm gi) c pht qung b n tt c ngi s dng trong mt cell. Trng thi ch ri cng c gi l trng thi ngh trong cell. UE c th chuyn sang ch kt ni bng cch yu cu
n tt nghip WCDMA
thit lp mt kt ni RRC. Hnh v sau y ch ra cc trng thi v s chuyn tip cc trng thi cho mt UE bao gm c cc ch GSM/GPRS.
Ch o e Ro i Ngh trong cell UTRAN Ch o t n i UTRA e ke o RRC
Cell DCH
Cell PCH
Cell FACH
URA PCH
Ngh trong cell GSM/GPRS
Che kenoGSM o t i
Che kenoGPRS o t i
Hnh 2- Cc ch ca UE v cc trng thi iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn
Nhn chung vic n nh cc knh khc nhau cho mt ngi s dng v vic iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn c thc hin bi giao thc Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn. Trong ch kt ni ca UTRA, c 4 trng thi RRC m UE c th chuyn i gia chng: Cell DCH, Cell FACH, Cell PCH v URA PCH. Trong trng thi Cell DCH, UE c cp pht mt knh vt l ring trn ng ln v ng xung. Trong 3 trng thi khc UE khng c cp pht knh ring. Trong trng thi Cell FACH, UE gim st mt knh ng xung v c cp pht mt knh FACH trn ng ln. Trong trng thi ny, UE thc hin vic chn la li cell. Bng cch gi thng ip cp nht cell, RNC bit c v tr ca UE mc cell. Trong trng thi Cell PCH v URA PCH, UE chn la knh tm gi (PCH) v s dng vic tip nhn khng lin tc (DRX) gim st knh PCH chn la thng qua mt knh lin kt PICH. Trn ng ln khng
n tt nghip WCDMA
c hot ng no lin quan n trng thi ny. S khc nhau gia 2 trng thi ny nh sau: Trong trng thi Cell PCH v tr ca UE c nhn bit mc cell tu theo vic thc hin cp nht cell cui cng. Trong trng thi URA PCH, v tr ca UE c nhn bit mc vng ng k UTRAN (URA) tu theo vic thc hin cp nht URA cui cng trong trng thi Cell FACH. 2.2.7. Cu trc Cell. Trong sut qu trnh thit k ca h thng UMTS cn phi ch nhiu hn n s phn tp ca mi trng ngi s dng. Cc mi trng nng thn ngoi tri, th ngoi tri, hay th trong nh c h tr bn cnh cc m hnh di ng khc nhau gm ngi s dng tnh, ngi i b n ngi s dng trong mi trng xe c ang chuyn ng vi vn tc rt cao. yu cu mt vng ph sng rng khp v kh nng roaming ton cu, UMTS pht trin cu trc lp cc min phn cp vi kh nng ph sng khc nhau. Lp cao nht bao gm cc v tinh bao ph ton b tri t; Lp thp hn hnh thnh nn mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UTRAN. Mi lp c xy dng t cc cell, cc lp cng thp cc vng a l bao ph bi cc cell cng nh. V vy cc cell nh c xy dng h tr mt ngi s dng cao hn. Cc cell macro ngh cho vng ph mt t rng kt hp vi cc micro cell tng dung lng cho cc vng mt dn s cao. Cc cell pico c dng cho cc vng c coi nh l cc im nng yu cu dung lng cao trong cc vng hp (v d nh sn bay). Nhng iu ny tun theo 2 nguyn l thit k bit trong vic trin khai cc mng t bo: cc cell nh hn c th c s dng tng dung lng trn mt vng a l, cc cell ln hn c th m rng vng ph sng. Do cc nhu cu v cc c tnh ca mt mi trng vn phng trong nh khc vi yu cu ca ngi s dng ang i vi tc cao ti vng nng thn, din n UMTS pht trin 6 mi trng hot ng. i vi
n tt nghip WCDMA
mi m hnh mt ngi s dng c th trn mt km2 v cc loi cell c d on cho cc m hnh c tnh di ng thp, trung bnh, cao.
Hnh 2- Cu trc cell UMTS.
2.3. Kin trc mng 2.3.1 Kin trc h thng UMTS H thng thng tin di ng th h 3 UMTS tn dng kin trc c trong hu ht cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 2, v thm ch c th h th nht. iu ny c ch ra trong cc c t k thut 3GPP H thng UMTS bao gm mt s cc phn t mng logic, mi phn t c mt c mt chc nng xc nh. Theo tiu chun, cc phn t mng c nh ngha ti mc logic, nhng c th li lin quan n vic thc thi mc vt l. c bit l khi c mt s cc giao din m (i vi mt giao din c coi l m, th yu cu giao din phi c nh ngha mt cch chi tit v cc thit b ti cc im u cui m c th cung cp bi 2 nh sn xut khc nhau). Cc phn t mng c th c nhm li nu c cc chc nng ging nhau, hay da vo cc mng con cha chng. Theo chc nng th cc phn t mng c nhm thnh cc nhm:
34
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
n tt nghip WCDMA
+ Mng truy nhp v tuyn RAN (Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS l UTRAN). Mng ny thit lp tt c cc chc nng lin quan n v tuyn. + Mng li (CN): Thc hin chc nng chuyn mch v nh tuyn cuc gi v kt ni d liu n cc mng ngoi. + Thit b ngi s dng (UE) giao tip vi ngi s dng v giao din v tuyn. Kin trc h thng mc cao c ch ra trong hnh 2-10
Uu Iu
UE
UTRAN
CN
Hnh 2- Kin trc h thng UMTS mc cao
Theo cc c t ch ra trong quan im chun ha, c UE v UTRAN u bao gm cc giao thc hon ton mi, vic thit k chng da trn nhu cu ca cng ngh v tuyn WCDMA mi. Ngc li, vic nh ngha mng li (CN) c k tha t GSM. iu ny em li cho h thng c cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn mi mt nn tng mang tnh ton cu l cng ngh mng li c sn, nh vy s thc y s qung b ca n, mang li u th cnh tranh chng hn nh kh nng roaming ton cu. H thng UMTS c th chia thnh cc mng con c th hot ng c lp hoc hot ng lin kt cc mng con khc v n phn bit vi nhau bi s nhn dng duy nht. Mng con nh vy gi l mng di ng mt t UMTS (PLMN), cc thnh phn ca PLMN c ch ra trong hnh 2-11.
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
35
n tt nghip WCDMA
Uu U S IM Cu
Iu N t B RNC N t B I ub N t B I ur MSC/ VLR GMSC

P LM N , P S T N , IS DN
H LR
ME UE N t B
RNC U TRA N
SGSN
GGSN CN
Internet M ng ngoi
Hnh 2- Cc thnh phn ca mng trong PLMN
Thit b ngi s dng (UE) bao gm 2 phn:

Thit b di ng (ME) l u cui v tuyn s dng giao tip v
tuyn qua giao din Uu.

Modul nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM) l mt th thng minh m
nhn vic xc nhn thu bao, thc hin thut ton nhn thc, v lu gi kho m mt, kho nhn thc v mt s cc thng tin v thu bao cn thit ti u cui. UTRAN cng bao gm 2 phn t:
Nt B: chuyn i d liu truyn gia giao din Iub v Uu. N cng
tham gia vo qun l ti nguyn v tuyn.

B iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC) s hu v iu khin ngun ti
nguyn v tuyn trong vng ca n (gm cc Nt B ni vi n). RNC l im truy cp dch v cho tt c cc dch v m UTRAN cung cp cho mng li. Cc phn t chnh ca mng li GSM:
HLR (B ng k thng tr) l mt c s d liu trong h thng
thng tr ca ngi s dng, lu tr cc bn gc cc thng tin hin trng dch v ngi s dng, hin trng v dch v bao gm: thng tin v dch v c php s dng, cc vng roaming b cm, thng tin cc
36
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
n tt nghip WCDMA
dch v b sung nh: trng thi cc cuc gi i, s cc cuc gi i N c to ra khi ngi s dng mi ng k thu bao vi h thng, v c lu khi thu bao cn thi hn. Vi mc ch nh tuyn cc giao dch ti UE (cc cuc gi v cc dch v nhn tin ngn), HLR cn lu tr cc thng tin v tr ca UE trong phm vi MSC/VLR hoc SGSN.
MSC/VLR (Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng/B ng k tm
tr) l mt b chuyn mch(MSC) v c s d liu(VLR) phc v cho UE v tr tm thi ca n cho cc dch v chuyn mch knh. Chc nng MSC c s dng chuyn mch cc giao dch s dng chuyn mch knh, chc nng VLR l lu tr bn sao v hin trng dch v ngi s dng l khch v thng tin chnh xc v v tr ca thu bao khch trong ton h thng. Phn ca h thng c truy nhp thng qua MSC/VLR thng l chuyn mch knh.
GMSC (MSC cng): l mt b chuyn mch ti v tr m mng di
ng mt t cng cng UMTS kt ni vi mng ngoi. Tt cc kt ni chuyn mch knh n v i u phi qua GMSC.
SGSN (Nt h tr GPRS phc v) c chc nng tng t nh MSC/VLR
nhng thng c s dng cho cc dch v chuyn mch gi.

GGSN (Node cng h tr GPRS) c chc nng gn ging GMSC nhng
phc v cc dch v chuyn mch gi. Mng ngoi c th chia thnh 2 nhm:
Cc mng chuyn mch knh: Cc mng ny cung cp cc kt ni
chuyn mch knh, ging nh dch v in thoi ang tn ti V d nh ISDN v PSTN.

Cc mng chuyn mch gi: Cc mng ny cung cp cc kt ni cho
cc dch v d liu gi, chng hn nh mng Internet. Cc giao din m c bn ca UMTS:

Giao din Cu: y l giao din gia th thng minh USIM v ME. Giao
din ny tun theo tiu chun cho cc th thng minh.

n tt nghip WCDMA
Giao din Uu: y l giao din v tuyn WCDMA. Uu l giao din nh
UE truy cp c vi phn c nh ca h thng, v v th c th l phn giao din m quan trng nht trong UMTS.
Giao din Iu: Giao din ny kt ni UTRAN ti mng li. Tng t
nh cc giao din tng thch trong GSM, l giao din A (i vi chuyn mch knh), v Gb (i vi chuyn mch gi), giao din Iu em li cho cc b iu khin UMTS kh nng xy dng c UTRAN v CN t cc nh sn xut khc nhau.
Giao din Iur: Giao din m Iur h tr chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC
t cc nh sn xut khc nhau, v v th b sung cho giao din m Iu.

Giao din Iub: Iub kt ni mt Nt B v mt RNC. UMTS l mt h
thng in thoi di ng mang tnh thng mi u tin m giao din gia b iu khin v trm gc c chun ho nh l mt giao din m hon thin. Ging nh cc giao din m khc, Iub thc y hn na tnh cnh tranh gia cc nh sn xut trong lnh vc ny. 2.3.2. Kin trc mng truy nhp v tuyn UTRAN. Kin trc UTRAN c m t nh hnh 2-12.
Uu USIM Cu
Iu CS NuB t RNC NuB t Iub NuB t RNS Iur MSC/ VLR
ME NuB t
RNC RNS UTRAN Iu PS
SGSN CN
UE
Hnh 2- Kin trc UTRAN.
UTRAN bao gm mt hay nhiu phn h mng v tuyn (RNS). Mt RNS l mt mng con trong UTRAN v bao gm mt B iu khin
38
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
n tt nghip WCDMA
mng v tuyn (RNC) v mt hay nhiu Nt B. Cc RNC c th c kt ni vi nhau thng qua mt giao din Iur. Cc RNC v Nt B c kt ni vi nhau qua giao din Iub. Cc yu cu chnh thit k kin trc, giao thc v chc nng UTRAN: Tnh h tr ca UTRAN v cc chc nng lin quan: Yu cu tc ng ti thit k ca UTRAN l cc yu cu h tr chuyn giao mm (mt thit b u cui kt ni ti mng thng qua 2 hay nhiu cell ang hot ng) v cc thut ton qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn c bit ca WCDMA. Lm tng s tng ng trong vic iu khin d liu chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh, vi mt ngn xp giao thc giao din v tuyn duy nht v vi vic s dng cng mt giao din cho cc kt ni t UTRA n min chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh ca mng li. Lm tng tnh tng ng vi GSM. S dng phng thc vn chuyn ATM nh l c cu chuyn vn chnh trong UTRA. S dng kiu chuyn vn trn c s IP nh l c cu chuyn vn thay th trong UTRAN k t Release 5 tr i. a. B iu khin mng v tuyn B iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC) l phn t mng chu trch nhim iu khin ngun ti nguyn v tuyn ca UTRAN. N giao tip vi mng li (thng l vi mt MSC v mt SGSN) v cng l phn t cui cng ca giao thc iu khin ngun ti nguyn v tuyn m xc nh cc thng ip v th tc gia my di ng v UTRAN. V mt logic, n tng ng vi BSC trong GSM. *Vai tr logic ca RNC.
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
39
n tt nghip WCDMA
RNC iu khin mt Nt B (nh l vch gii hn cho giao din Iub ti Nt B) c coi nh l b RNC ang iu khin (CRNC) ca Nt. B iu khin CRNC chu trch nhim iu khin ti v iu khin nghn cho cell ca n, v iu khin thu nhn v phn b m cho lin kt v tuyn c thit lp trong cc cell. Trong trng hp mt kt ni UTRAN, my di ng s dng ngun ti nguyn t nhiu phn h mng v tuyn RNS, th cc RNS bao gm 2 chc nng logic ring bit (v phng din kt ni my di ng - UTRAN ny).
RNC phc v (SRNC): RNC cho mi my di ng l mt RNC m
xc nh bin gii c lin kt Iu cho s vn chuyn d liu ngi s dng v bo hiu RANAP tng thch qua mng li (kt ni ny c gi l kt ni RANAP). SRNC cng xc nh bin gii ca Bo hiu iu khin ngun ti nguyn v tuyn, n l giao thc bo hiu gia UE v UTRAN. N thc hin x l lp 2 cho cc d liu chuyn qua giao din v tuyn. Hot ng Qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn c bn, nh l nh x cc thng s mang thng tin truy nhp v tuyn thnh cc thng s knh chuyn vn giao din v tuyn, quyt nh chuyn giao , v iu khin cng sut vng bn ngoi. Cc hot ng ny c thc thi trong SNRC. SRNC cng c th l CRNC ca mt s Nt B s dng bi my di ng cho kt ni vi UTRAN. Mt UE kt ni vi UTRAN th ch c duy nht mt SRNC. B RNC tri ( DRNC): DRNC c th l bt c RNC no ngoi SRNC, n iu khin cc cell s dng bi my di ng. Nu cn thit, DRNC c th thc hin kt hp hay chia nh phn tp macro. DRNC khng thc hin x l d liu ngi s dng lp 2, nhng nh tuyn mt cch trong sut d liu gia giao din Iub v Iur, ngoi tr khi UE ang s dng mt knh chuyn vn dng chung. Mt UE c th khng c, c mt hoc c nhiu DRNC.
n tt nghip WCDMA
Ch rng mt RNC mc vt l bao gm ton b cc chc nng CRNC, SRNC v DRNC. b. Nt B (Trm gc) Chc nng chnh ca Nt B l thc hin x l lp 1 giao din v tuyn (ghp xen v m ho knh, thch ng tc , tri ph .v.v.). N cng thc hin mt s hot ng Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn nh l iu khin cng sut vng bn trong. V mt logic n tng thch vi Trm gc GSM. 2.4 Cc dch v v ng dng UMTS. 2.4.1. Gii thiu. c im mi ni bt ca UMTS l tc bit ngi s dng cao hn: c th t c tc ca kt ni chuyn mch knh 384kbps, kt ni chuyn mch gi ln ti 2Mbps. Tc bit d liu cao hn cung cp cc dch v mi nh in thoi hnh, v ti d liu nhanh hn. So vi GSM v cc mng di ng ang tn ti, UMTS cung cp cc c tnh mi v quan trng, l n cho php tho thun cc c tnh ca mt b mang v tuyn. Cc thuc tnh nh ngha c trng ca chuyn vn bao gm: thng lng, tr truyn, v t s li d liu. L mt h thng hon ho, UMTS phi h tr rt nhiu cc dch v c cc yu cu cht lng dch v (QoS) khc nhau. Hin ti, ta cng khng d on c ht cc c im v cch s dng ca rt nhiu cc dch v v cng kh c th ti u cc dch v UMTS thnh ch mt tp hp cc ng dng. Cho nn cc b mang UMTS phi c c im chung, h tr cc ng dng ang tn ti ng thi thun tin cho vic cho vic pht trin cc ng dng mi. Ngy nay khi m hu ht cc dch v vin thng u l cc ng dng Internet hoc N-ISDN, th r rng cc ng dng v cc dch v ny ch yu l gi cc th tc iu khin cc b mang. Phn ny khng nghin cu su v cc b mang, m s cp n cc lp dch v ca UMTS.
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
41
n tt nghip WCDMA
2.4.2. Cc lp QoS UMTS. Cc ng dng v dch v UMTS c chia thnh cc nhm khc nhau. Ging nh cc giao thc chuyn mch gi mi, UMTS c gng p ng cc yu cu QoS t cc ng dng hoc ngi s dng. Trong UMTS, c 4 lp lu lng c xc nh: -Lp hi thoi (conversational). -Lp lung (streaming). -Lp tng tc (interactive). -Cc lp nn (background). Cc yu t phn bit gia cc lp l s nhy cm vi tr ca lu lng cc lp. Lp hi thoi dnh cho lu lng nhy cm vi tr nht, trong khi lu lng lp nn t nhy cm vi tr nht. a) Lp hi thoi. ng dng c bit n nhiu nht ca lp ny l dch v thoi trn b mang chuyn mch knh. Kt hp vi Internet v multimedia c cc ng dng mi nh: thoi qua giao thc Internet ( Voice Over IP), v in thoi hnh (Video Telephony). Cc dch v ny c thc hin l cc cuc hi thoi thi gian thc c c im sau: tr gia cc u cui thp (c xc nh bng cc th nghim ph hp vi kh nng cm nhn m thanh v hnh nh ca con ngi, nh hn 400ms), lu lng l i xng hoc gn nh i xng. Dch v thoi a tc thch nghi (AMR). UMTS s dng b m ho v gii m thoi theo cng ngh a tc thch nghi AMR. B m ho thoi AMR c cc c im sau:
- L mt b m ho/gii m thoi tch hp n vi 8 tc ngun: 12.2
(GSM-EFR), 10.2, 7.95, 7.40(IS-641), 5.90, 5.15 v 4.75 kbps. - B m ho AMR hot ng vi khung thoi 20ms tng ng vi 160 mu vi tn s ly mu l 8000 mu/s. S m ho cho ch m ho
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
42
n tt nghip WCDMA
a tc c gi l B m ho d on tuyn tnh c kch thch bi m i s (ACELP). - Tc bit AMR c th iu khin bi mng truy nhp v tuyn tu thuc vo ti trn giao din v tuyn v cht lng ca kt ni thoi. Khi ti mng mc cao , c bit l trong gi bn, c th s dng tc bit AMR thp hn yu cu dung lng cao hn trong khi cht lng thoi gim i rt t. Cng tng t , khi MS chy ra ngoi vng ph sng ca cell v ang s dng s dng cng sut pht ln nht ca n, th s dng tc bit AMR thp hn m rng vng ph ca cell. Vi b m ho thoi AMR c th t c s iu ho gia dung lng vng ph ca mng v cht lng ca thoi tu theo cc yu cu ca nh iu hnh. in thoi hnh. Dch v ny c yu cu tr tng t nh dch v thoi. Nhng do c im ca nn video, yu cu BER nghim ngt hn thoi. UMTS ch ra cc c tnh trong ITU-T Rec. H.324M s dng cho in thoi hnh trong cc kt ni chuyn mch knh v giao thc khi to phin (SIP) h tr cc ng dng a phng tin IP bao gm dch v in thoi hnh. b) Lp lung. Lung a phng tin l mt k thut chuyn d liu nh d liu c c x l nh l mt lung lin tc v u n. Nh c cng ngh streaming, ngi s dng c th truy cp nhanh ti nhanh chng cc file a phng tin cc trnh duyt c th bt u hin th d liu trc khi ton b file c truyn ht. Cc ng dng streaming thng rt khng i xng, cho nn phi chu nhiu tr hn l cc dch v hi thoi i xng. iu ny c ngha l chng phi chu nhiu jitter hn trong truyn dn. Cc ng dng c chia thnh 2 phm vi mc ch khc nhau: Qung b web, lung hnh nh theo yu cu. Cc nh cung cp dch v qung web thng hng mc tiu n ng o khch hng m c kt ni vi
n tt nghip WCDMA
mt my ch phng tin truyn c ti u ha hiu sut thng qua Internet. Cc dch v lung video theo yu cu thng s dng cho cc cng ty ln mong mun lu tr cc video clip hoc cc biging vo mt my ch c kt ni vi mt mng intranet ni b bng thng cao hn. c) Lp tng tc. Khi ngi s dng u cui online yu cu d liu t cc thit b t xa (my ch), th lp tng tc c s dng. Lu lng tng tc l mt m hnh giao tip d liu khc m c c trng bi mu p ng yu cu ca ngi s dng u cui, thi gian tr round-trip, v tnh trong sut khi vn chuyn (vi tc li bit thp). Mt ng dng quan trng ca lp ny l Computer game s dng cng ngh J2ME. d) Lp nn. Lu lng d liu ca cc ng dng nh l Email, dch v nhn tin ngn SMS, dch v nhn tin a phng tin MMS (MMS l mt s m rng hon ho ca SMS) ti v c s d liu, nhn cc bn ghi o c c th s dng lp nn v cc ng dng ny khng i hi cc hnh ng tc th. Lu lng nn c cc c im sau: im ch khng mong ch d liu trong mt thi gian nht nh, cho nn t nhiu khng nhy cm vi thi gian phn pht d liu; ni dung cc gi khng nht thit phi chuyn mt cch hon ton trong sut; d liu bn thu khng c li. Ngoi ra, trong WCDMA cn c cc dch v v ng dng da vo v tr: Dch v nh v da vo vng ph sng ca cell; s khc nhau v thi gian quan st; cc dch v c h tr ca h thng nh v ton cu (GPS). 2.4.3. Kh nng h tr dch v ca cc lp u cui. Trong WCDMA, cc thit b u cui phi thng bo trn kt ni thit lp cho mng mt tp hp cc thng s cho bit tnh tng thch ca phn truy nhp v tuyn vi cc thit b u cui c bit. Kh nng c th
n tt nghip WCDMA
l tc d liu ngi s dng ln nht m cu hnh v tuyn h tr mt cch c lp trn c ng ln v ng xung. 3GPP ch ra kh nng truy nhp v tuyn ca thit b u cui, mt s tham kho sau y c 3GPP chun ho cho Release99 nh sau:
Lp 32 kbps : Lp ny cung cp cc dch v thoi c bn, bao gm thoi
AMR, v d liu tc hn ch ln ti 32 kbps.

Lp 64 kbps: Lp ny cung cp dch v thoi v s liu bao gm c d
liu v thoi AMR ng thi.

Lp 128 kbps: Lp ny c kh nng trn giao din v tuyn cung cp
cc dch v chng hn nh in thoi hnh v cc dch v d liu khc nhau.

Lp 384 kbps: Lp ny l lp tng cng cho lp 128 kbps v c chc
nng a m vi mc ch h tr cc phng thc d liu gi tin tin.

Lp 768 kbps: c nh ngha l mt bc trung gian gia lp 384 kbps
v lp 2 Mbps.
Lp 2 Mbps: Lp ny l tng cao nht ca lp cht lng d liu cao, ch
c nh ngha cho ng xung. Cc lp c xc nh theo quy lut cc lp cao hn c tt c cc kh nng ca lp thp hn. Trong WCDMA Release 5 a ra kh nng Truy cp d liu gi ng xung tc cao HSDPA, kh nng tc ca thit b u cui c th ln ti 10Mbps. 2.5. Tng kt v cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA trong h thng UMTS WCDMA l cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m bng rng s dng cho phn giao din v tuyn cho h thng thng tin di ng th h 3 UMTS. Cc thng s ni bt c trng cho WCDMA nh sau: WCDMA l h thng a truy nhp phn chia theo m tri ph dy trc tip bng rng DS-CDMA, ngha l cc bit thng tin c tri ra trong mt bng tn rng bng cch nhn d liu ngi dng vi cc bit gi ngu
n tt nghip WCDMA
nhin (gi l chip), cc bit ny xut pht t cc m tri ph CDMA. h tr tc bit cao (ln ti 2Mbps), cn s dng cc kt ni a m v h s tri ph khc nhau. WCDMA c tc chip l 3.84 Mcps dn n bng thng ca sng mang xp x 5MHz, nn c gi l h thng bng rng. Cn cc h thng DS-CDMA vi bng tn khong 1 MHz nh IS-95, thng c gi l h thng CDMA bng hp. Bng thng rng ca sng mang WCDMA h tr cc tc d liu cao ca ngi dng v em li nhng li ch hiu sut xc nh, nh l tng kh nng phn tp a ng. Cc nh vn hnh mng c th s dng nhiu sng mang 5MHz tng dung lng, c th bng cch s dng cc lp t bo phn cp. Khong cch gia cc sng mang thc t c th c chn l li 200KHz trong khong 4.4 5Mhz tu thuc vo nhiu gia c c sng mang. WCDMA h tr tt cc tc d liu ngi dng khc nhau hay ni cch khc l h tr tt c tnh bng thng theo yu cu (BoD). Mi ngi s dng c cp cc khung c rng 10ms, trong khi tc ngi s dng c gi khng i. Tuy nhin dung lng ngi s dng c th thay i gia cc khung. Vic cp pht nhanh dung lng v tuyn thng thng s c iu khin bi mng t c thng lng ti u cho cc dch v d liu gi. WCDMA h tr m hnh hot ng c bn: Ch song cng phn chia theo tn s FDD v song cng phn chia theo thi gian TDD (Time Division Duplex). Trong ch FDD, cc tn s sng mang 5MHz khc nhau s c s dng cho ng ln v ng xung, trong khi ch TDD, ch c 1 sng mang 5MHz c s dng bng cch chia s min thi gian cho cc ng ln v ng xung.
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
46
n tt nghip WCDMA
WCDMA h tr hot ng ca cc trm gc d b, khc vi h thng ng b IS-95, nn khng cn chun thi gian ton cu ,nh l GPS, Vic trin khai cc trm gc micro v trm gc indoor s d dng hn khi nhn tn hiu m khng cn GPS. WCDMA p dng k thut tch sng kt hp trn c ng ln v ng xung da vo vic s dng knh hoa tiu. Mc d c s dng trn ng xung IS-95, nhng vic s dng tch sng kt hp trn ng ln trong h thng WCDMA l mi, c kh nng tng tng th dung lng v vng ph sng ca ng ln. Giao din v tuyn WCDMA c xy dng mt cch kho lo theo cch ca cc b thu CDMA tin tin, nh l kh nng tch sng nhiu ngi dng v cc anten thch ng thng minh, c th c trin khai bi cc nh iu khin mng nh l mt h thng c chn la tng dung lng v vng ph sng. Trong hu ht cc h thng th h 2, khng c cc iu khon cho cc khi nim b thu ny, c ngha l chng khng c kh nng ng dng hoc khng th p dng mt cch bt buc vi vic tng hiu sut mt cch hn ch. WCDMA c thit k giao tip vi GSM. V th, s chuyn giao gia GSM v WCDMA c h tr ci tin vng ph sng ca GSM bng cch s dng WCDMA.
Bng 2- Tm tt cc thng s chnh ca WCDMA
Phng thc a truy nhp Phng thc song cng Vic ng b trm gc Tc chip Chiu di khung Ghp cc dch v Khi nim a tc Tch sng
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
DS-CDMA FDD/TDD Hot ng khng ng b 3,84Mcps 10ms Nhiu dch v vi yu cu cht lng khc nhau c ghp xen trn mt kt ni H tr tc tri ph khc nhau v a m Tch sng kt hp s dng i din knh
47 GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c Hong
n tt nghip WCDMA
pilot hoc knh pilot chung Tch sng nhiu ngi s c h tr bi cc chun, tu chn dng, cc Anten thng minh trong qu trnh thc thi S khc nhau gia WCDMA v cdma2000 (hay cn gi l cdmaOne bng rng) c th ch ra trong mt s cc c im c trnh by trong bng 2-3.
Bng 2- Cc im khc nhau c bn ca W-CDMA v cdma2000
Thng s Phng thc truy nhp Tc chip (Mcps) Tc iu khin cng sut Cu trc knh ng xung
cdma2000 UL: DS-CDMA DL:Multicarrier/DS-
ETSI W-CDMA UL&RL: DS-CDMA
CDMA Bi s ca 1.2288 Bi s ca 1.024 800Hz (Tc cao hn 1600Hz ang c nghin cu) Cc knh Fund/Supp c Cc knh c ghp ghp theo m theo thi gian. Knh pilot chung duy tr Knh pilot c ghp
Cu trc knh ng ln h tr cc dch v d liu tc cao HSD. Tri ph ng ln
+ knh pilot ph theo thi gian Knh m n vi cc m Cc knh a m Walsh bin i
S kt hp ca m di v Cc m ngn da vo m ngn tng t nh cc chui m trc giao CDMA 2G lp. M di trn c s cc m Gold. Knh pilot c ghp theo Knh pilot c ghp m ng b (cn c GPS) theo thi gian Khng ng b
Knh Pilot ng ln S ng b trm gc * Ch :
UL: Uplink- ng ln, DL: Downlink- ng xung
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
48
n tt nghip WCDMA
Chng 3. IU KHIN CNG SUT TRONG QUN L TI NGUYN V TUYN WCDMA

3.1 Gii thiu chung qun l ti nguyn v tuyn trong h thngWCDMA. 3.1.1 Mc ch chung ca qun l ti nguyn v tuyn Vic qun l ti nguyn v tuyn (RRM) trong mng di ng 3G c nhim v ci thin vic s dng ngun ti nguyn v tuyn. Cc mc ch ca cng vic qun l ti nguyn v tuyn RRM c th tm tt nh sau : m bo QoS cho cc dch v khc nhau. Duy tr vng ph sng c hoch nh. Ti u dung lng h thng. Trong cc mng 3G, vic phn b ti nguyn v nh c qu ti ca mng khng cn kh thi na do cc nhu cu khng d on trc v cc yu cu khc nhau ca cc dch v khc nhau. V th, qun l ti nguyn bao gm 2 phn : t cu hnh v t li cu hnh ti nguyn v tuyn. Vic t cu hnh ti nguyn v tuyn c nhim v phn pht ngun ti nguyn mt cch hp l cho cc yu cu mi ang a n h thng cho mng khng b qu ti v duy tr tnh n nh. Tuy nhin, nghn c th xut hin trong mng 3G v s di chuyn ca ngi s dng.
Vic t li cu hnh c nhim v cp pht li ngun ti nguyn
trong phm vi ca mng khi hin tng nghn bt u xut hin. Chc nng ny c nhim v a h thng b qu ti tr v lu lng ti mc tiu mt cch nhanh chng v c th iu khin c.
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
49
n tt nghip WCDMA
3.1.2. Cc chc nng ca qun l ti nguyn v tuyn RRM. Qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn c th chia thnh cc chc nng : iu khin cng sut, chuyn giao, iu khin thu nhn, iu khin ti v lp lch cho gi tin. Hnh 3-1 ch ra cc v tr in hnh ca cc chc nng RRM trong phm vi ca mt mng WCDMA.
Hnh 3- Cc v tr in hnh ca cc chc nng RRM trong mng WCDMA
a. iu khin cng sut. iu khin cng sut l mt cng vic quan trng trong tt c cc h thng di ng v vn tui th ca pin v cc l do an ton, nhng trong cc h thng CDMA, iu khin cng sut l cn thit bi v c im gii hn nhiu ca CDMA. Trong cc h thng GSM, ch p dng iu khin cng sut chm (tn s xp x 2Hz). Trong IS-95, iu khin cng sut nhanh vi tn s 800Khz c h tr ng ln, nhng trn ng xung, mt vng iu khin cng sut tng i chm (xp x 50Hz) iu khin cng sut truyn. Trong WCDMA, iu khin cng sut nhanh vi tn s 1,5KHz c s
50
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
n tt nghip WCDMA
dng trn c ng ln v ng xung. iu khin cng sut nhanh khp kn l mt vn quan trng ca h thng WCDMA. b. iu khin chuyn giao. Chuyn giao l mt phn quan trng ca h thng thng ti di ng t bo. S di chuyn gy ra s bin i cht lng lin kt v cc mc nhiu trong cc h thng t bo, yu cu khi mt ngi s dng c th thay i trm gc phc v n. S thay i ny c gi l chuyn giao. c. iu khin thu np. Nu ti giao din v tuyn c cho php tng ln mt cch lin tc, vng ph sng ca cell b gim i di gi tr hoch nh (gi l cell breathing), v QoS ca cc kt ni ang tn ti khng th m bo. Nguyn nhn ca hiu ng cell breathing l v c im gii hn nhiu ca cc h thng CDMA. V th, trc khi thu nhn mt kt ni mi, iu khin thu np cn kim tra xem vic nhn kt ni mi s khng nh hng n vng ph sng hoc QoS ca cc kt ni ang hot ng. iu khin thu np chp nhn hay t chi yu cu thit lp mt b mang truy nhp v tuyn trong mng truy nhp v tuyn. Chc nng iu khin thu np c t trong b iu khin mng v tuyn RNC, ni m lu gi thng tin v ti ca mt s cell. Thut ton iu khin thu np tnh ton vic ti tng ln m do s thit lp thm vt mang s gy ra trong mng truy nhp v tuyn. Vic tnh ton ti c p dng cho c ng ln v ng xung. B mang yu cu c th c chp nhn ch khi iu khin thu np trong c 2 chiu chp nhn, nu khng th n b t chi bi v nhiu qu mc c th tng thm trong mng. Nhn chung cc chin lc iu khin thu np c th chia thnh hai loi: chin lc iu khin thu np da vo cng sut bng rng v chin lc iu khin thu np da vo thng lng.
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
51
n tt nghip WCDMA
Ngi s dng mi khng c chp nhn nu mc nhiu tng th mi to ra cao hn gi tr mc ngng Ithreshold: + T chi : Itotal-old + I > Ithreshold Itotal-old + I < Ithreshold (3.1)
+ Chp nhn :
Gi tr ngng ging vi tng nhiu ng ln ln nht v c th c thit lp bi vic quy hoch mng v tuyn.
Hnh 3- ng cong ti
Trong chin lc iu khin thu np da vo thng lng, ngi s dng mi khng c thu nhn truy nhp vo mng v tuyn nu ton b ti mi gy ra cao hn gi tr ngng: +T chi :
total-old total-old
+ I> + I<
threshold threshold
+Chp nhn :
(3.2)
Ch rng vic iu khin thu np c p dng mt cch tch bit trn c ng ln v ng xung, v mi hng c th s dng cc chin lc iu khin thu np khc nhau. d. iu khin ti (iu khin nghn). Mt cng c quan trng ca chc nng qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn l m bo cho h thng khng b qu ti v duy tr tnh n nh. Nu h thng c quy hoch mt cch hp l, v cng vic iu khin thu
n tt nghip WCDMA
np hot ng tt, cc tnh hung qu ti s b loi tr. Tuy nhin, trong mng di ng, s qu ti mt ni no l khng th trnh khi v cc ti nguyn v tuyn c n nh trc trong mng. Khi qu ti c x l bi iu khin ti, hay cn gi l iu khin nghn, hot ng iu khin ny s tr li cho h thng ti mc tiu, c vch ra trong qu trnh quy hoch mng mt cch nhanh chng v c kh nng iu khin c. Cc hot ng iu khin ti lm gim hay cn bng ti c lit k nh sau: T chi cc lnh cng sut ti trn ng xung nhn t MS.
Gim ch tiu Eb/I0 ng ln s dng bi iu khin cng sut nhanh
ng ln. Thay i kch c ca min chuyn giao mm phc v nhiu ngi s dng hn. Chuyn giao ti sng mang WCDMA khc (mng UMTS khc hay mng GSM). Gim thng lng ca lu lng d liu gi (cc d liu phi thi gian thc). Ngt cc cuc gi trn mt ng iu khin. Hai hot ng u tin l cc hot ng nhanh c thc hin bn trong BS. Cc hot ng ny c th din ra trong mt khe thi gian, ngha l vi mt tn s 1,5KHz, cung cp mt quyn u tin cho cc dch v khc nhau. Hot ng th 3 thay i kch c ca min chuyn giao mm c mt li ch c bit i vi mng gii hn ng xung. Cc phng php iu khin ti khc th chm hn. Chuyn giao bn trong bng tn v chuyn giao bn trong h thng c th khc phc c hin tng qu ti bng cch cn bng ti. Hot ng cui cng l ngt cc ngi s dng dch v thi gian thc (nh l thoi hay d liu chuyn mch knh) gim ti. Hot ng ny ch c s dng ch khi ti ca ton b mng vn rt ln thm ch sau khi cc hot ng iu khin ti
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
53
n tt nghip WCDMA
khc va c tc dng gim qu ti. Giao din v tuyn WCDMA v yu cu tng ca lu lng phi thi gian thc trong mng 3G em li nhiu s la chn cc hot ng kh thi iu khin tnh hung qu ti, v v th nhu cu ct nhng ngi s dng dch v thi gian thc gim qu ti rt him xy ra. 3.2 iu khin cng sut 3.2.1 Gii thiu chung Mc tiu ca vic s dng iu khin cng sut l khc nhau trn ng ln v ng xung. Cc mc tiu ca iu khin cng sut c th tm tt nh sau :
Khc phc hiu ng gn-xa trn ng ln.
Ti u dung lng h thng bng vic iu khin nhiu. Lm tng ti a tui th pin ca u cui di ng. Hnh 3-3 ch ra hiu ng gn-xa trn ng ln. Tn hiu t cc MS khc nhau c truyn i trong cng bng tn mt cch ng thi trong cc h thng WCDMA. Khng c iu khin cng sut, tn hiu n t MS gn vi BS nht c th chn cc tn hiu t cc MS khc cch xa BS hn. Trong tnh hung xu nht, mt MS c cng sut qu ln c th chn ton b mt cell. Gii php l phi p dng iu khin cng sut m bo rng cc tn hiu n t cc u cui khc nhau c cng cng sut hay c cng t s tn hiu trn nhiu (SIR) khi chng n BS.
Hnh 3- Hiu ng gn-xa (iu khin cng sut trn ng ln)
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
54
n tt nghip WCDMA
Trn ng xung, khng c hiu ng gn-xa do m hnh mt-tinhiu. iu khin cng sut c nhim v b nhiu bn trong cell gy ra bi cc trm di ng, c bit l nhiu gn bin gii ca ca cc cell ny (c ch ra trong hnh 3-4). Hn th na, iu khin cng sut trn ng xung c nhim v lm gim thiu ton b nhiu bng cch gi QoS ti mc gi tr mc tiu.
Hnh 3- B nhiu bn trong cell (iu khin cng sut ng xung)
Trong hnh 3-4, MS2 phi chu nhiu nhiu bn trong cell hn MS1. V th p ng mc tiu cht lng ging nhau, cn nhiu nng lng cp pht cho cho cc knh ng xung gia BS v MS2. C 3 kiu iu khin cng sut trong cc h thng WCDMA : iu khin cng sut vng m, iu khin cng sut vng kn, v iu khin cng sut vng bn ngoi. a) iu khin cng sut vng m (Open-loop power control) iu khin cng sut vng m c s dng trong UMTS FDD cho vic thit lp nng lng ban u cho MS. Trm di ng s tnh ton suy hao ng truyn gia cc trm gc v trm di ng bng cch o cng tn hiu nhn s dng mch iu khin tng ch t ng (AGC). Tu theo s tnh ton suy hao ng truyn ny, trm di ng c th quyt nh cng sut pht ng ln ca n. iu khin cng sut vng m c nh hng trong h thng TDD bi v ng ln v ng xung l tng h, nhng khng nh hng nhiu trong cc h thng FDD bi v cc knh
n tt nghip WCDMA
ng ln v ng xung hot ng trn cc bng tn khc nhau v hin tng Phadinh Rayleigh trn ng ln v ng xung c lp nhau. Vy iu khin cng sut vng m ch c th b mt cch i khi suy hao do khong cch. l l do ti sao iu khin cng sut vng m ch c s dng nh l vic thit lp nng lng ban u trong h thng FDD. b) iu khin cng sut vng kn. iu khin cng sut vng khp kn, c gi l iu khin cng sut nhanh trong cc h thng WCDMA, c nhim v iu khin cng sut pht ca MS (ng ln), hay l cng sut ca trm gc (ng xung) chng li phadinh ca cc knh v tuyn v t c ch tiu t s tn hiu trn nhiu SIR c thit lp bi vng bn ngoi. Chng hn nh trn ng ln, trm gc so snh SIR nhn c t MS vi SIR mc tiu trong mi khe thi gian (0,666ms). Nu SIR nhn c ln hn mc tiu, BS s truyn mt lnh TPC 0 n MS thng qua knh iu khin ring ng xung. Nu SIR nhn c thp hn mc tiu, BS s truyn mt lnh TPC 1 n MS. Bi v tn s ca iu khin cng sut vng kn rt nhanh nn c th b c phadinh nhanh v c phadinh chm. c) iu khin cng sut vng bn ngoi iu khin cng sut vng bn ngoi cn thit gi cht lng truyn thng ti cc mc yu cu bng cch thit lp mc tiu cho iu khin cng sut vng kn nhanh. Mc ch ca n l cung cp cht lng yu cu. Tn s ca iu khin cng sut vng bn ngoi thng l 10100Hz. iu khin cng sut vng bn ngoi so snh cht lng nhn c vi cht lng yu cu. Thng thng, cht lng c nh ngha l t li bit mc tiu xc nh (BER) hay T s li khung (FER). Mi quan h gia SIR mc tiu v mc tiu cht lng tu thuc vo tc di ng v hin trng a ng. Nu cht lng nhn tt hn, c ngha l mc tiu SIR cao m bo QoS yu cu. gim thiu khong trng, mc tiu SIR s
n tt nghip WCDMA
phi gim. Tuy nhin, nu cht lng nhn xu hn cht lng yu cu, mc tiu SIR phi tng ln m bo QoS yu cu. 3.2.2 iu khin cng sut nhanh a) li ca iu khin cng sut nhanh iu khin cng sut nhanh trong WCDMA em li nhiu li ch cho h thng. Chng hn i vi dch v m phng c tc 8kbps vi BLER=1% v ghp xen 10ms. S m phng c to ra trong trng hp c hoc khng c iu khin cng sut nhanh vi bc cng sut l 1dB. iu khin cng sut chm c ngha l cng sut trung bnh c gi ti mc mong mun v iu khin cng sut chm hon ton c th b cho nh hng ca suy hao ng truyn v suy hao do cc vt chn, trong khi iu khin cng sut nhanh c th b c cho phadinh nhanh. Phn tp thu hai nhnh c s dng trong Nt B. ITU Vehicular A l mt knh 5 nhnh trong WCDMA, v ITU Pedestrian A l mt knh 2 nhnh trong nhnh th hai rt yu. T s Eb/N0 , v cng sut truyn trung bnh yu cu trong trng hp khng c v c iu khin cng sut nhanh c trnh by trong bng 3.1 v bng 3.2
Bng 3- Gi tr Eb/N0 yu cu trong trng hp c v khng c iu khin cng sut nhanh
iu khin cng sut ITU chm PedestrianA 11.3dB
iu khin cng sut nhanh tn s 1.5KHz 5.5dB 6.7dB 6.8dB
li ca iu khin cng sut nhanh 5.8dB 1.8dB 0.5dB
3km/h ITU Vehicular A 8.5dB 3km/h ITU VehicularA 7.3dB 50km/h
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
57
n tt nghip WCDMA
Bng 3- Cng sut pht tng i yu cu trong trng hp c v khng c iu khin cng sut nhanh
iu khin cng sut ITU chm PedestrianA 11.3dB
iu khin cng 1.5KHz 7.7dB 7.5dB 6.8dB
li ca iu nhanh 3.6dB 1.0dB 0.8dB
sut nhanh tn s khin cng sut
3km/h ITU Vehicular A 8.5dB 3km/h ITU VehicularA 7.6dB
50km/h Trong 2 bng trn ta thy r li m iu khin cng sut nhanh em li nh sau: li ca cc UE tc thp ln hn cc UE tc cao.
li theo t s Eb/I0 yu cu ln hn li cng sut truyn dn. Trong 2 bng, li m ti tc 50km/h c ngha l iu khin cng
sut chm l tng s em li hiu sut tt hn so vi iu khin cng sut nhanh thc t. li m do vic tnh ton SIR khng chnh xc, cc li bo hiu iu khin cng sut, v tr trong vng iu khin cng sut. li t iu khin cng sut nhanh trong bng 3-6 c th c s dng tnh ton d tr phadinh nhanh yu cu trong qu ng truyn. d tr phadinh nhanh cn thit cho cng sut pht ca UE duy tr iu khin cng sut nhanh vng kn thch hp. Kch thc cell ln nht c th t c khi UE ang pht vi lng cng sut khng i ngha l khng c li ca iu khin cng sut nhanh. Gi tr thng thng cho d tr phadinh nhanh cho cc tc di ng thp t 2 n 5dB. b) Phn tp v iu khin cng sut.
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
58
n tt nghip WCDMA
Hnh 3- Cng sut pht v thu trong 2 nhnh (cng sut khong h trung bnh 0dB,- 10dB) Knh phadinh Rayleigh ti 3km/h
Tm quan trng ca phn tp s c phn tch cng vi iu khin cng sut nhanh. Vi cc UE tc thp, iu khin cng sut nhanh c th b c phadinh ca knh v gi cho mc cng sut thu khng i. Cc nguyn nhn chnh ca cc li trong cng sut thu l do vic tnh ton SIR khng chnh xc, cc li bo hiu v tr trong vng iu khin cng sut. Vic b phadinh gy ra suy gim cng sut truyn dn. Cng sut thu v cng sut pht l hm ca thi gian, hnh 3-5, 3-6 ti tc ca UE l 3km/h. Trong hnh 3-5 l trng hp c t phn tp, hnh 3-6 m phng trng hp phn tp nhiu. S bin i cng sut pht trong trng hp hnh 3-5 cao hn trong trng hp 3-6 do s khc nhau v s lng phn tp. Cc trng hp phn tp nh: phn tp a ng, phn tp anten thu, phn tp anten pht hay phn tp v m. Vi s phn tp t hn th s bin ng ln hn trong cng sut pht, nhng cng sut pht trung bnh cng cao hn. Mc tng cng sut l c nh ngha l t s gia cng sut truyn dn trung bnh trn knh phadinh v trn knh khng c phadinh khi mc cng sut thu ging nhau trn c 2 knh c phadinh v khng c phadinh. Mc tng cng sut c m t trong hnh 3-7
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
59
n tt nghip WCDMA
Hnh 3- Cng sut pht v thu trn 3 nhnh (cng sut khong h nh nhau) Knh phadinh Rayleigh ti tc 3km.
Hnh 3- Cng sut tng trong knh phadinh vi iu khin cng sut nhanh
Kt qu mc lin kt cho s tng cng sut ng ln th hin trong bng 3.3. S m phng c thc hin ti cc mc UE khc nhau trn knh ITU pedestrian 2 ng vi cng sut thnh phn a ng t 0 n -12.5dB. Trong s m phng ny cng sut pht v cng sut thu c tp hp trong tng khe. Vi iu khin cng sut l tng, mc tng cng sut l 2,3dB. iu chng t iu khin cng sut nhanh hot ng c hiu qu trong vic b nng lng cho phadinh. Vi cc UE tc cao
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
60
n tt nghip WCDMA
(>100km/h), mc tng cng sut rt nh do iu khin cng sut nhanh khng th b c phadinh. Mc tng cng sut rt quan trng i vi hiu sut ca cc h thng WCDMA. Trn ng xung, dung lng giao din v tuyn c xc nh trc tip bi cng sut pht yu cu, do cng sut xc nh nhiu truyn. V th, lm tng ti a dung lng ng xung, cng sut pht cn cho mt lin kt phi c gim nh. Trn ng xung, mc cng sut thu trong UE khng nh hng n dung lng. Trn ng ln, cng sut pht xc nh tng nhiu n cc cell ln cn, v cng sut thu xc nh tng nhiu n cc UE khc trong cng mt cell. Chng hn nh ch c mt cell WCDMA trong mt vng, dung lng ng ln ca cell ny s c tng ti a bng cch gim ti thiu cng sut thu yu cu, v mc tng cng sut s khng nh hng n dung lng ng ln.
Bng 3- Cc mc tng cng sut c minh ho ca knh ITU Pedestrian A a ng vi phn tp anten.
Tc UE Mc tng cng sut trung bnh 3km/h 2,1dB 10km/h 2,0dB 20km/h 1,6dB 50km/h 0,8dB 140km/h 0,2dB c) iu khin cng sut trong chuyn giao mm. iu khin cng sut trong chuyn giao mm c hai vn chnh khc nhau trong cc trng hp lin kt n: vn tri cng sut trong Nt B trn ng xung , v pht hin tin cy cc lnh iu khin cng sut ng ln trong UE. S tri cng sut ng xung. S tri cng sut l trng hp xy ra khi thc hin chuyn giao mm m UE gi mt lnh n iu khin cng sut pht ng xung n tt c cc Nt B trong tp hp tch cc. Cc Nt B s pht hin cc lnh ny
n tt nghip WCDMA
mt cch c lp, bi v cc lnh ny s khng c kt hp trong cc b iu khin mng RNC do s gy ra nhiu tr v bo hiu trong mng. Chnh v cc li bo hiu trn giao din v tuyn, cc Nt B s pht hin cc lnh iu khin cng sut theo cc cch khc nhau. C th mt Nt B s lm gim cng sut pht ca n ti UE, mt Nt B khc c th li tng mc cng sut pht ti UE. S khc nhau dn n tnh hung cng sut ng xung bt u tri theo hng khc nhau. Hin tng gi l tri cng sut. Hin tng tri cng sut l khng mong mun, bi v n lm gim hiu sut chuyn giao ng xung. Vn ny c th c iu khin bi RNC. Phng php n gin nht l thit lp gii hn tng i nghim ngt cho khong bin ng cng sut ng xung. Gii hn ny cho cng sut pht c th ca cc UE. R rng khong bin ng iu khin cng sut cho php cng nh th tri cng sut ln nht cng nh. Mt khc khong bin i iu khin cng sut thng ci thin hiu sut iu khin cng sut.
N 1 uB t 1 P a h le hc s a gx o g . h ie o g u u t n n n t n n 2 c la c s a g . ie hn o o g u u h c p n t n x o gs v a N k a u o c u B h n i c t c = C s a t y c et g > o g u ru e ot i t n t n h ro n pa h n
T og ro c i n sa u t
1 t B Nu t t ha t p a su g on C Le h kh c s a n ie u ie o g u n n t nt E c a N U e ah i u B n t
Co n g sua p t h a t t Nu t B 2
N 2 uB t
RC N k ie ie h u n t o gs a ro c u i n t
Hnh 3- Tri cng sut ng xung trong chuyn giao mm
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
62
n tt nghip WCDMA
N 1 uB t
Kie t m ra o t c in a y
U E
t a su g n co n ie n 1 kh g le u n ie n h Le U c eg c s a p a E ot ia o g u h h m n t t n c n a m e ot h o le h ie u t t n u k ie c s a t c n h o g u in a e o n n t y n Le n h e i u kh i e ng n c N 2 uB t l e o n n 2 gs a u t
1 T ht a Eb oc t h gle . n o /N u n ie n a u n n la v a N k a o c u B h c p i c t c 2 G k ie c s a U . le h ie h o g u e E i n u n n t n = H i N k a n a c eg c le h > a u B h h u ot a t c h i c n k ie c s a k a n a t E ie h o g u h h u U u n n t c i
RC N
Hnh 3- Kim tra tin cy ca iu khin cng sut ng ln ti UE trong chuyn giao mm
Mt cch khc gim s tri cng sut. RNC c th nhn thng tin t cc Nt B v cc mc cng sut pht ca kt ni chuyn giao mm. Cc mc ny c tnh trung bnh trn mt s cc lnh iu khin cng sut, v d nh trong 500ms, hay trn 750 lnh iu khin cng sut. Da vo cc thng s o c ny, RNC c th gi cc gi tr tham kho v cng sut pht ng xung ti cc Nt B. Cc Nt B ang thc hin chuyn giao mm s dng cc gi tr tham kho ny cho vic iu khin cng sut ng xung cho cc kt ni gim hin tng tri cng sut. Nh vy cn mt s hiu chnh nh mang tnh nh k hng ti cng sut tham kho. Kch c hiu chnh ny t l thun vi chnh lch gia cng sut pht thc t v cng sut pht tham kho. Phng php ny s gim bt hin tng tri cng sut. S tri cng sut ch xy ra nu c iu khin cng sut nhanh trn ng xung. Trong IS-95 ch c iu khin cng sut chm trn ng xung nn khng cn phng php iu khin s tri cng sut ng xung. tin cy ca cc lnh iu khin cng sut ng ln.
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
63
n tt nghip WCDMA
Tt c cc Nt B trong tp hp tch cc gi mt lnh iu khin cng sut c lp n cc UE iu khin cng sut pht ng ln. Ch cn mt trong cc Nt B trong tp hp tch cc nhn ng tn hiu ng ln l . V th UE c th gim cng sut pht nu mt trong cc Nt B gi cc lnh cng sut xung. C th p dng s kt hp theo t s ln nht cc bit d liu trong chuyn giao mm ti UE do d liu ging nhau c gi t tt c cc Nt B thc hin chuyn giao mm, nhng s kt hp ny khng p dng cho cc bit iu khin cng sut v n cha thng tin khc nhau i vi mi Nt B trong tp hp tch cc. V th tin cy ca cc bit iu khin cng sut khng tt bng cc bit d liu, v ti UE, mt ngng c s dng kim tra tin cy ca cc lnh iu khin cng sut. Cc lnh khng ng tin cy phi c hu b v chng b hng do nhiu. Ci thin cht lng bo hiu iu khin cng sut . Cht lng bo hiu iu khin cng sut c th c ci thin bng cch thit lp mt cng sut cao hn cho cc knh iu khin vt l ring (DPCCH) so vi mc cng sut ca knh d liu vt l ring (DPDCH) trn ng xung nu nh UE ang trong trng thi chuyn giao mm. chnh lch cng sut gia hai knh ny c th khc cho cc cho cc loi knh DPCCH khc nhau nh: cc bit iu khin cng sut, cc bit pilot v TFCI. gim cng sut pht UE thng thng c th t c ti 0,5dB vi s chnh lch cng sut ny. gim ny c th t c do cht lng ca bo hiu iu khin cng sut c ci thin. 3.2.3 iu khin cng sut vng ngoi. iu khin cng sut vng ngoi cn gi cht lng thng tin cc mc yu cu bng vic thit lp mc tiu cho vic iu khin cng sut nhanh. Mc ch ca iu khin cng sut vng ngoi l cung cp cht lng t yu cu. Cht lng qu cao s tn rt nhiu dung lng. iu
n tt nghip WCDMA
khin cng sut vng ngoi cn thit trn c ng ln v ng xung. Vng ngoi ng ln c t trong RNC cn vng bn ngoi ng xung t trong UE. Trong IS-95, iu khin cng sut vng ngoi ch s dng trn ng ln v khng c iu khin cng sut nhanh trn ng xung. Cht lng ng ln nhn c sau khi kt hp phn tp v m trong RNC v SIR mc tiu c gi n cc Nt B. Tn s ca iu khin cng sut nhanh l 1,5KHz v tn s iu khin cng sut vng ngoi thng t 10-100Hz. a) li ca iu khin cng sut vng ngoi. SIR mc tiu cn phi c iu chnh khi tc ca UE hoc mi trng truyn sng a ng thay i. SIR mc tiu chnh l Eb/N0. Kt qu m phng vi cc dch v thoi a tc thch nghi AMR v BLER=1% c ch ra trong bng 3-4 s dng iu khin cng sut vng ngoi.
Bng 3- Kt qu m phng dch v AMR , BLER= 1%, s dng iu khin cng sut vng ngoi
Hin trng a ng Tc UE Mc tiu Eb/N0 trung bnh Khng phadinh 5.3dB ITU Pedestrian A 3 km/h 5.9dB ITU Pedestrian A 20 km/h 6.8dB ITU Pedestrian A 50 km/h 6.8dB ITU Pedestrian A 120 km/h 7.1dB Cng sut bng nhau trn 3 3 km/h 6.0dB ng Cng sut bng nhau trn 3 ng Cng sut bng nhau trn 3 ng Cng sut bng nhau trn 3 ng
20 km/h 50 km/h 120 km/h
6.4dB 6.4dB 6.9dB
n tt nghip WCDMA
C 3 loi a ng c s dng: knh khng c phadinh tng ng vi phn t LOS kho, knh phadinh ITU pedestrian A, v knh phadinh 3 ng vi cng sut trung bnh bnh ng ca cc phn t a ng. Gi s khng c phn tp anten y. Mc tiu Eb/N0 trung bnh thp nht cn trong cc knh khng phadinh v mc tiu cao nht i vi knh ITU Pedestrian A vi cc UE tc cao. Kt qu ny cho thy rng mc cng sut thay i cng sut thu cng cao, th mc tiu Eb/N0 cn thit t c cng cht lng cng cao hn. Nu ta chn mc tiu Eb/N0 c nh l 5.3dB theo knh tnh, v tc li khung ca kt ni s qu cao trong cc knh phadinh v cht lng thoi s gim i. Nu chn mc tiu Eb/N0 c nh 7.1dB, th cht lng tt nhng cng sut cao khng cn thit s c s c s dng trong hu ht cc trng hp. Chng ta c th kt lun r rng cn iu chnh mc tiu ca iu khin cng sut vng kn nhanh theo iu khin cng sut vng ngoi. b) Tnh ton cht lng thu. Mt s phng php o cht lng thu s c gii thiu trong phn ny. Mt phng php n gin v ng tin cy l s dng kt qu ca vic pht hin li- kim tra d tha tun hon CRC pht hin c li hay khng. u im ca CRC : l mt b pht hin li khung rt tin cy v n gin. Phng php da vo CRC rt ph hp vi cc dch v cho php xut hin li, t nht l mt li trong vi giy, nh l cc dch v d liu gi phi thi gian thc trong tc li block c th ln ti 1020% trc khi truyn li v cc dch v thoi vi BLER=1% cung cp cht lng t yu cu. Vi cc b m/gii m thoi a tc thch nghi (AMR) khong chn l 20ms v BLER=1% ,tng ng vi mt li trong 2 giy. Cht lng thu c th c tnh ton da vo thng tin v tin cy ca khung mm. Nhng thng tin c th l:
n tt nghip WCDMA
Tc li bit (BER) c tnh ton trc b m ho knh, c gi l BER th v BER knh vt l. Thng tin mm t b gii m Viterbi vi cc m xon. Thng tin mm t b gii m Turbo, v d nh BER hay BLER sau s lp li gii m trung gian.
Eb/N0 thu c.
Cc thng tin mm cn thit i vi cc dch v cht lng cao. BER th c s dng nh l thng tin mm qua giao din Iub. S tnh ton cht lng c minh ho trong hnh 3-10
Hnh 3- Tnh ton cht lng trong vng ngoi ti RNC
c) Thut ton iu khin cng sut vng ngoi. Mt trong cc thut ton iu khin cng sut vng ngoi l da vo kt qu kim tra d liu CRC v c th c c trng bi cc m gi. Thut ton ny nh sau:
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
67
n tt nghip WCDMA
IF CRC check OK Step_down = BLER_target * Step_size; Eb/N0_target(n+1) = Eb/N0_target(n) Step_down; ELSE Step_up =Step_size BLER_target * Step_size; Eb/N0_target(n+1) = Eb/N0_target(n) + Step_up; END Trong : Eb/N0_target(n): Eb/N0 mc tiu trong khung n, BLER_target l BLER mc tiu cho cuc gi, Step_size l mt thng s kch c bc, thng bng 0.30.5dB. Nu BLER ca kt ni l mt hm gim u ca Eb/N0 mc tiu, th thut ton ny s cho kt qu l BLER bng vi BLER mc tiu nu cuc gi di. Thng s kch c bc xc nh tc hi t ca thut ton n mc tiu mong mun v cng xc nh tng ph gy ra bi thut ton. Theo nguyn tc, kch c bc cng cao s hi t cng nhanh v tng ph cng cao. Hnh 3-11 a ra mt v d m t hot ng ca thut ton vi BLER mc tiu l 1% v kch c bc l 0.5dB.
Hnh 3- Eb/N0 mc tiu trong knh ITU Pedestrian A, b m ho/gii m thoi AMR, BLER mc tiu 1%, bc 0,5dB, tc 3km/h.
n tt nghip WCDMA
d) Cc dch v cht lng cao Dch v cht lng cao vi BLER rt thp (<10-3) c yu cu h tr bi cc mng th h 3. Li trong cc dch v ny thng khng ng k. Nu BLER yu cu = 10-3 v rng chn l 40ms, mt li xut hin trong 40s(=40/10-3 ms). Nu cht lng thu c tnh ton da trn cc li pht hin c bi cc bit CRC, s iu chnh Eb/N0 mc tiu rt chm v s hi t ca Eb/N0 mc tiu n gi tr ti u rt lu. V th, i vi cc dch v cht lng cao, thng tin tin cy khung mm em li nhiu u im. Thng tin mm c th nhn c t mi khung d l chng khng c li. e) Gii hn bin ng iu khin cng sut . Ti sn ca vng hi t, UE c th t ti cng sut pht ln nht ca n. Trong trng hp BLER thu c c th cao hn mong mun, nu chng ta p dng trc tip thut ton vng ngoi nu, th SIR mc tiu ng ln s tng. Vic tng SIR mc tiu khng ci thin cht lng ng ln nu nh Nt B ch gi cc lnh tng cng sut ( power-up) ti UE. Trong trng hp hp Eb/N0 mc tiu c th cao qu mc cn thit. Khi UE tr v gn vi Nt B hn, cht lng ca kt ni ng ln cao qu mc cn thit trc khi vng ngoi h thp Eb/N0 mc tiu tr v gi tr ti u. Trong v d ny, cc dch v thoi a tc thch nghi (AMR) c chn 20ms c minh ho s dng thut ton iu khin cng sut vng ngoi nu. Trong s dng BLER mc tiu l 1% v kch c bc l 0.5dB.Vi bin ng cng sut ln nht, mt li phi xut hin trong 2 giy cung cp BLER l 1% vi khong ghp chn l 20ms. Cng sut pht ln nht ca UE l 125mW, tc l 21dBm. Vn tng t c th xut hin nu UE t ti cng sut pht nh nht. Trong trng hp , Eb/N0 mc tiu s tr thnh thp qu mc cn thit. Cc vn ging nhau c th xut hin trn ng xung nu cng sut ca kt ni ng xung ang s dng l gi tr nh nht hay ln nht.
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
69
n tt nghip WCDMA
Cc vn vng ngoi t s bin ng iu khin cng sut c th trnh c bng cch thit lp mt gii hn nghim ngt cho Eb/N0 mc tiu hoc bi cc thut ton iu khin cng sut vng ngoi thng minh. Nhng thut ton s tng Eb/N0 mc tiu nu vic tng BLER khng ci thin cht lng. f ) a dch v. Mt trong cc yu cu c bn ca UMTS l c th ghp mt s cc dch v trn mt kt ni vt l n. Khi tt c cc dch v c cng mt hot ng iu khin cng sut chung, th s c duy nht mc tiu chung cho iu khin cng sut nhanh. Thng s ny phi c chn theo dch v c yu cu mc tiu cao nht. Nh vy nu vic kt hp c cc tc khc nhau p dng trn lp 1 cung cp cc cht lng khc nhau, th khng c s khc nhau ln gia cc mc tiu yu cu. M hnh a dch v c ch ra trong hnh 3-12
UE
N B ut
R C N
Iu b
D lie u Th oa i Mo ke n i va t t o t ly ie kh n c g s a u ie o n ut ke h c u g c o t t c n h n h a a c c d c vu tre m a h n o t ke n i t o Vid eo Web b s g row in ie kh c n u ie o n g s a h h u t n an S m IR u c tie u D lie u D lie u Tn t n c a h oa h t l n c m g u o a i d c vu h Th t la m ie p u c t u tu th ie y eo d c vu ye c u h a u m tie c u c u ao n a ht
Hnh 3- iu khin cng sut vng ngoi ng ln cho nhiu dch v trn mt kt ni vt l
g) iu khin cng sut vng ngoi ng xung.

n tt nghip WCDMA
iu khin cng sut vng ngoi ng xung hot ng ti UE. Mng c th iu khin mt cch hiu qu ngay c khi n khng iu khin thut ton vng ngoi ng xung. Trc ht, mng thit lp mc tiu cht lng cho mi kt ni ng xung, mc tiu c th c hiu chnh trong khi kt ni.
Th hai, Nt B khng cn phi tng cng sut ng xung ca kt ni
ngay c khi UE gi knh tng cng sut (power-up). Mng c th iu khin cht lng ca cc kt ni ng xung khc nhau rt nhanh bng cch khng tun theo cc lnh iu khin cng sut t UE. Phng php ny c th c s dng c th c s dng chng hn nh trong trng hp qu ti ng xung gim cng sut ng xung ca cc kt ni c mc u tin thp, nh l cc dch v kiu nn. Vic gim cng sut ng xung c th din ra ti tn s ca ng ln cng sut nhanh l 1.5KHz.
KT LUN
Trong n tt nghip ny i su vo nghin cu v iu khin cng sut trong qun l ti nguyn v tuyn WCDMA. Ni dung n gm c 3 chng : Chng 1 trnh by mt cch khi qut v xu hng pht trin h thng thng tin di ng , cc t chc v qu trnh chun ha 2,5G v 3G trn th gii. c bit l hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMA. Trong Chng 2, nu tng quan cng ngh WCDMA trong h thng UMTS. Ni dung cp n nguyn l tri ph v m tri ph chnh l nn tng k thut ca cng ngh CDMA. Ngoi ra cn phn tch mt s c trng ca lp vt l trong h thng WCDMA, cu trc mng, cc dch v v ng dng UMTS . Qua chng ny ta c th thy c WCDMA l cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m bng rng s dng cho phn giao din v tuyn cho h thng thng tin di ng th h 3 UMTS. Chng cui cng l Chng 3, cng l chng quan trng nht ca n , cp n vic qun l ti nguyn v tuyn trong h thng
n tt nghip WCDMA
WCDMA, c bit l vic s dng iu khin cng sut nhm mc ch khc ph hiu ng gn xa trn ng ln, ti u dung lng h thng v lm tng ti a tui th pin ca u cui di ng . Trong chng ny a ra 3 loi iu khin cng sut trong cc h thng WCDMA l iu khin cng sut vng m, iu khin cng sut vng kn v iu kin cng sut vng bn ngoi . Qua y, em xin chn thnh cm n n cc thy c gio trong khoa Cng ngh thng tin, c bit l s hng dn nhit tnh ca thy gio ThS.Nguyn c Hong cng tt c ngi thn, bn b ng vin, gip em hon thnh ti ny. Do thi gian c hn cng nh cn hn ch v kin thc nn bn n ca em kh trnh khi nhng thiu st . Em rt mong nhn c s ng gp kin ca cc thy c v bn b , em xin cm n !
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
72
n tt nghip WCDMA
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. WCDMA for UMTS- Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications Harri Holma and Antti Toskala 2. IS 95 CDMA and cdma2000 VIJAY K.GARG. 3. 3G cdma2000 Wireless System Engineering Samuel C. Yang 4. Thng tin di ng th h 3. Tp 1, Tp 2 - Nguyn Phm Anh Dng 5. Bi ging Viba s - Ti liu cho cc lp cao hc TS. Phm Cng Hng 6. Studies on Wideband CDMA System Zhang Ping, Li Zexian, Yang Xinjie, Chen Yuhua, Chen Zgiqiang, WANG Yuzhen and Hu Xuehong Bejjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 7. Soft Handover Issues in Radio Resource Management for 3G WCDMA Networks PH.D Thesis of Yue Chen Queen Mary, University of London 8.WCDMA for UMTS lectures Nokia Research Centre, Finland. 9. GSM, cdmaOne and 3G Systems - Raymond Steele, ChinChun Lee and Peter Gould - Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 10. www.3GPP.org 11. www.vnpt.com.vn. 12. www.3gnewsroom.com
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
73
n tt nghip WCDMA
LI CAM OAN Ti xin cam oan y l cng trnh nghin cu ca ti. Nhng ti liu trong n tt nghip l hon ton trung thc. Cc kt qu nghin cu do chnh ti thc hin di s hng dn ca gio vin hng dn.
Sinh vin: PHM TRUNG DNG
SVTH:Phm Trung Dng
74

ĐIều khiển công suất trong WCDMA (duyệt)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ĐIều khiển công suất trong WCDMA (duyệt)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

n tt nghip WCDMA

iu khin cng sut trong

CHNG 2. TNG QUAN CNG NGH WCDMA TRONG H THNG UMTS.......23

CHNG 3. IU KHIN CNG SUT TRONG QUN L TI NGUYN V TUYN WCDMA.........................................................................................................49

SVTH: Phm Trung Dng Hong

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c

iu khin cng sut trong

KT LUN..................................................................................................................71 TI LIU THAM KHO...............................................................................................73

SVTH: Phm Trung Dng Hong

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c

iu khin cng sut trong

Pha 1- Ti u d liu Th h 3 D n hi nhp ton cu th h 3

SVTH: Phm Trung Dng Hong

iu khin cng sut trong

Core Network Cylic Redundancy Check Controlling RNC

B RNC ang ph trch iu khin

ng xung B RNC iu khin tri H thng tri ph chui trc tip

iu khin cng sut trong

HCM HLR HSDPA HO I. IMT2000

Internet Protocol International Telecommunication Union

Giao din gia 2 RNC.

iu khin cng sut trong

H s tri ph bin i trc giao.

SVTH: Phm Trung Dng Hong

iu khin cng sut trong

SVTH: Phm Trung Dng Hong

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c

iu khin cng sut trong

DANH MC BNG BIU V HNH V Trang

CHNG 2. TNG QUAN CNG NGH WCDMA TRONG H THNG UMTS.......23

SVTH: Phm Trung Dng Hong

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c

iu khin cng sut trong

CHNG 3. IU KHIN CNG SUT TRONG QUN L TI NGUYN V TUYN WCDMA.........................................................................................................49

KT LUN..................................................................................................................71 TI LIU THAM KHO...............................................................................................73

SVTH: Phm Trung Dng Hong

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c

iu khin cng sut trong

SVTH: Phm Trung Dng Hong

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c

iu khin cng sut trong

iu khin cng sut trong

SVTH: Phm Trung Dng Hong

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c

iu khin cng sut trong

Chng 1. XU HNG PHT TRIN H THNG THNG TIN NG TON CU

iu khin cng sut trong

iu khin cng sut trong

SVTH:Phm Trung Dng

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c Hong

iu khin cng sut trong

iu khin cng sut trong

iu khin cng sut trong

SVTH:Phm Trung Dng

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c Hong

iu khin cng sut trong

TSG M ng truy nhp v tuy n

TSG Cc thit b cui u

TSG M ng truy nhp v tuyn GSM/EDGE

ETSI FDD Phng php a truy nhp Tc chip Mcps

UTRA TDD TDCDMA

ARIB WCDMA [ Nhat ban ] FDD TDD

3,84 3,84 3,84 36)