Biomedical Waste Inventory

FINAL REPORT
on Waste Inventory (MSW & BMW) in West Bengal
T HE S TRE N GTHE NIN G OF I NFRA S TRU CTURE NGTHE NFR AS TR UCTURE OF CPCB/SPCB S /PCC S
Under the Project on
Paribesh Bhawan, 10 A, Block LA, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700098
Tel : 091 (033) 2335-9088 / 8861 / 8211 / 8073 Fax : 091 (033) 2335 6730 / 2813 Website : www.wbpcb.gov.in
West Bengal Pollution Control Board
PREAMBLE
he project on Strengthening of Infrastructure of CPCB/SPCB/PCCs for implementation of Rules notified by HSM Division under Environment Protection Act was undertaken
by the West Bengal Pollution Control Board on and from 15.02.2003. The project has been implemented with financial assistance from Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India. Although the said project was awarded for the inventorization of Municipal Solid Wastes, Bio-Medical Wastes, Industrial Haz. Wastes, Plastic Wastes, and Battery Wastes, but as per the priority suggested by the CPCB vide their letter dated 10.02.2003, the Board inventorized the Municipal Solid Waste(MSW) as well as Bio-Medical Waste(BMW) in the one hundred twenty six(126) nos. Municipal Authorities in our State. The objective of the project was to conduct a detailed survey in different Municipal Bodies of the state for the inventorization of Municipal Solid Waste as well as Bio-Medical Waste and to plan a strategy for scientific management of Municipal Solid Waste and Bio-Medical Waste in the state of West Bengal. With this outlook, the field visits were made to one hundred twenty six(126) nos. Municipal Authorities in the different districts of West Bengal. The health care units situated within the municipal jurisdiction of the state were visited by the project team and the subsequent analysis of data collected therein culminated in the successful completion of the above project. The project portrays in detail a comprehensive image of the status of waste management in the state, with an in depth account of the mode of generation, collection, storage, transportation and disposal of MSW and BMW in different municipalities and health care units. This report may serve as baseline information for drawing references and making fitting suggestions in related works.
[ Dr. D. Chakraborty ] Chief Scientist WBPCB
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The
Board
acknowledges
the
contribution
of
the
Municipal
Affairs
Department, Govt. of West Bengal, Department of Health, Govt. of West Bengal, Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority(KMDA), Municipal Engineering Directorate(MED), Chief Medical Officers of Health of all districts of West Bengal in implementing the project. The Board also acknowledge the assistance and co-operation provided by one hundred twenty six(126) nos. Municipal Authorities, staff of Govt. Hospitals, Private Nursing Homes, and Pathological Units in all districts of West Bengal for collecting information for the report. Acknowledgment is also due to the Senior Environment Officers of the Department of Environment, Govt. of West Bengal, officers of the WBPCB, namely Chief Engineer, Senior Law Officer, Senior Environmental Engineers, Senior Scientists, Environment Engineers, Scientists for the smooth execution of the project and making it a success.
CONTENTS
Executive Summery CHAPTER- I..............................................................................................1 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Objective of the Project Scope of Work Methodology Problems/Limitations
2 3 3 4 4
CHAPTER- II............................................................................................5 Solid Waste 2.1 2.2 Municipal Solid Waste Bio-Medical Waste
6 9
CHAPTER- III.........................................................................................14 District wise status of MSW and BMW 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 Bankura Bardhaman Birbhum Coochbehar Darjeeling Dinajpur (North) Dinajpur (South) Hooghly Howrah Jalpaiguri Kolkata Malda Midnapore (East) Midnapore (West) Murshidabad Nadia Purulia 24 Parganas (North) 24 Parganas (South)
20 23 27 30 33 36 39 41 45 48 50 52 54 57 60 63 67 69 76
CHAPTER- IV............................................................................................79 Present Solid Waste Management Practices in West Bengal 4.1 4.2 Municipal Solid Waste Management Bio-Medical Waste Management
80 90
CHAPTER- V.............................................................................................97 Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1 5.2 Municipal Solid Waste Management Bio-Medical Waste Management
98 99
Abbreviation used................................................................................. 102 References ............................................................................................ 103 ANNEXURE I Sample Questionnaire format for Inventorisation
LIST OF FIGURES
Seasonal variation in MSW generation District wise total nos. of municipal body District wise MSW generation/day(MT) District wise Municipal Population Density (person/sq.km.) District wise per capita waste generation/day (in municipal areas) 6 17 18 18 19
LIST OF TABLES
Seasonal variation in MSW generation MSW composition (% by weight) MSW composition in some Indian cities (Indias Development Report, 1997) Health care waste generation rate (WBHSDP Report, 2002-03) District wise total no. of Municipal Bodies District wise total municipal bodies and waste generation District wise list of BMW treatment facility installed under WBHSDP In every district information are given in these four type of tables Table I : Brief general information about Municipal bodies Table II : MSW generation, collection status Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity 6 7 7 11 16 17 95
Executive summary
The State of West Bengal comprises of nineteen Districts, having all together 126 nos. municipal bodies (6 nos. Municipal Corporations, 118 nos. Municipalities and 2 nos. Notified Area Authorities). Out of these 126 nos. Municipal bodies, 41 nos. (3 nos. Municipal Corporations and 38 nos. Municipalities) are situated within the Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA), the urban agglomeration of the city of Kolkata. Total about 8,700 MT of MSW is generated per day in 126 nos. municipal areas of West Bengal. Kolkata Municipal Corporation area contributes the maximum amount of 2,700 MT daily. Most of the municipalities in the state, do not have adequate arrangement for the collection, transportation, and disposal of the municipal solid waste. In addition to these, the non-availability of the land is the major constrain for the municipalities, particularly which are situated within KMA, to develop the solid waste management system. Bhadreswar Municipality in Hooghly District has developed compost plant which consist of windrows as well as vermi compost. Following waste to energy concept, they have also installed a Gobar(cow dung) Gas Plant and the gas generated from the plant is utilized as fuel for the furnace of a crematorium in their municipal area and the residue generated from this Bio-Gas Plant are used as organic manure. Around 200 nos. Govt. Hospitals, 50 nos. Municipal health care units, 1,100 nos. Private Hospital/Nursing Homes have been identified within the 126 nos. municipal areas. The total bed strength of these health care units is 61,630 and the approximate BMW generation is about 15.5 MT /day (calculated on the basis of 250 gms. of BMW/day/bed). Except the health care units situated in Kolkata, Howrah, 24 Parganas North & South and Nadia districts, most of the health care units dump their bio-medical wastes in municipal vats/bins without any treatment. Under the West Bengal Health System Development Project a good nos. of State Govt. Hospitals have developed the BMW treatment and disposal facility. With the active cooperation of the local bodies, a few of the facilities functioning as a common facility for the nearby health care units against charges. Two Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility (CBMWTDF) has been developed (one in Howrah District and another in Nadia District) on Public Private Partnership (PPP) concept. Both the facility has the capacity to treat the BMW generated from 30,000 beds. It provides services for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of BMW with user charges for the health care establishments situated within the Districts of Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly, North 24-Parganas, South 24-Parganas, Nadia. Two more CBMWTDF are under construction by the private agency one at Asansol, Dist. Burdwan and another one at Haldia, Dist. East Midnapore. These two facilities will also provide services for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of BMW.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
With rapid urbanization and ever increasing population growth there has been a substantial increase in the generation of solid waste & contamination of air, water and land resources. The solid wastes from different municipalities, not managed properly, have been creating problems for human health and environment. Some of the solid wastes have been proved to be extremely toxic and infectious. The uncontrolled dumping of such wastes have not only brought about increasing number of incidents of health hazard but also causing the surface and ground water contamination and thus posing serious environmental threat to the human being. Realizing the seriousness of the problem of solid waste management and therefore to regulate the management and handling of the municipal solid waste, the draft of the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1999 were published by the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India vide No. S.O.783(E), dated the 27th September, 1999 in the Gazette of India, Part II, Section 3 & sub section (ii) and finally, in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 3, 6 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) it has been notified as Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 vide no. S.O.908(B) dated the 25th September, 2000. The objective of the rule is to make every municipal authority, within the territorial area of the municipality, responsible for the implementation of the provisions of these rules, and for any infrastructure development for collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of Municipal Solid Wastes. The majority of the municipal authorities, not only in our State but also in the country, have not taken the MSW management as their priority agenda. Like other states, the implementation status of the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, particularly for the scientific disposal of municipal solid wastes, in our State is also very poor. Along with the MSW, the BMW generated from the various health care establishments also poses a serious threat to the environment. Poor Management of these wastes is a major challenge for the society. The costly equipments for the waste treatment as well as the space constrain and also the lack of awareness are the major issues for the poor hospital waste management, in the health care units, particularly the small nursing homes. At present most of the health care units are disposing their BMWs along with their general wastes in municipal vats. Sometimes these wastes are also buried or burned in on\pen air. There is no waste segregation or treatment. To ensure proper BMW management the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules were notified in 1998, but till date the implementation status of the Rules is very
poor. Moreover, due to shortage of manpower, the State Board had no detailed information about the management of these wastes, particularly municipal solid wastes and bio-medical wastes in the State. Keeping this in view, the Ministry of Environment & Forest, Govt. of India, has come forward in the year 2003 with financial assistance for projects to strengthen the infrastructure of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the State Pollution Control Boards/ Pollution Control Committees in order to ensure effective implementation of the provisions laid down in the rules related to Municipal Solid Waste and Bio-Medical Waste. Like other state boards, the West Bengal Pollution Control Board has been awarded the same project. The objective of the project is to conduct detailed survey in different municipal bodies of the state for the inventorisation of municipal solid waste as well as bio-medical waste and prepare a strategy for better management of the Municipal Solid Waste and Bio-medical Waste in the State of West Bengal.
1.1
Objective of the Project

1) Qualitative as well as quantitative assessment of solid wastes generated in different municipal areas of the West Bengal. 2) Inventorisation of the existing system of storage, collection, transportation and disposal of MSW including Biomedical waste and identification of deficiencies in the respective management system. 3) To create awareness among people associated with different local bodies and health care units about the necessities and requirements for scientific segregation, storage, treatment and disposal of MSW and BMW.
1.2
Scope of the Project
To quantify the solid wastes generated in the municipalities of West Bengal. To study the existing system of collection, storage, transportation and disposal of MSW including bio-medical waste and to identify the deficiencies in the system.
To recommend an appropriate system for segregation, collection, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of MSW and BMW.
1.3
Methodology
The methodology followed for preparing the inventory is given below : 1. Listing of municipal bodies and their contact phone no. for all districts in West Bengal. 2. Collection of information through circulation of questionnaire (format of the questionnaire presented in Annexure-I) 3. Field visits and interactions with concerned municipal authorities. 4. Study of existing storage, collection, transportation, processing and disposal facilities of municipal solid waste, as well as future plan for betterment of the management system. 5. Crosschecking with the information given by the individual municipalities in the MSW Authorization application and Annual Reports. 6. Laboratory analysis of solid waste collected from different dumpsite. 7. Collection of information about the inventory of health care units from the CMOH Offices of the Districts and Municipalities and visit of the individual health care units within municipal areas about their bio-medical waste management. 8. Crosschecking the inventory regarding health care units with the records given by the Regional Offices of the State Board. 9. Preparation of interim and final report.
1.4
Problems / Limitations
a) Quantification of solid waste depends on various factors such as weather, economic status, geographical position of municipalities etc. In most of the cases there is no proper quantification method. It has been done on the basis of information provided by the municipalities. b) As there is no unique method or management system, the data given by the Municipal Authorities regarding solid waste generation, collection etc. vary largely. In some cases they have given absurd figures which have been modified logically. c) Lack of uniformities in the available information regarding solid waste management of different municipalities.
CHAPTER II
SOLID WASTE
Municipal Solid Waste Bio-Medical Waste
Municipal Solid Waste

Municipal Solid Waste consists of household wastes, market wastes, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residues, drain silt, waste from streets, etc. With rapid urbanization, rising population and change in lifestyle as well as food habits, the amount of MSW has been increasing rapidly. Moreover, its composition ratio is also changing. Over the last few years, the consumer market has grown rapidly leading to products being packed in cans, aluminium foils, plastics and other such non-biodegradable items that cause incalculable harm to the environment.
Generation and composition

Municipal waste production is related to levels of industrialization and income status. Per capita waste generation varies between 2.75 and 4.0 kgs./day in high income countries, but is as low as 0.5 kgs./day in those countries with lowest income. Generation not only varies from place to place but also from season to season in the same place. During summer the refuse generation in Indian cities is increased by about 25% due to consumption of fruits like mangoes, melons, green coconuts etc. A typical variation in physicochemical characteristics of MSW at Kolkata is summarized below.
Seasonal variation in MSW generation
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Monsoon Winter Seasons Summer Stones, Bricks, Ash etc. Plastics Bio-degradable
Paper
Seasonal variation in MSW generation Constituent (%) Bio-degradable Paper Plastics Stones, Bricks, Ash etc. Moisture Seasons Monsoon Winter 41.17 55.03 6.10 3.94 4.06 3.33 35.00 26.90 63.54 60.87 Summer 59.20 3.87 2.27 18.57 60.31
Source : Santra, S., Environmental Science, Central Book Agency.
Though substantial amount of paper, rags, glass find ways to the refuse near its source, they are reclaimed enroot by rag pickers, before reaching the disposal point. The waste reaching the disposal point contains a large percentage of garbage and inorganic matter giving it a higher density low calorific value. An analysis of physical characteristic of general solid waste was done as a part of a study carried out by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) in 1995 across various cities with population range from 0.1 million to 5 million yielded the following results. MSW Composition Constituent Paper Rubber, Leather and synthetics Glass Metal Compostable material Inert material
Source : NEERI, 1995.
% by weight 2.91 to 6.43 0.78 to 0.28 0.56 to 0.94 0.33 to 0.80 30.84 to 44.57 43.59 to 53.90
Market wastes (generally huge quantity of bio-degradable materials)
However, Indias Development Report 1997 reported individual composition of Municipal Solid Waste of some Indian cities as follows : MSW composition in some Indian cities CITIES Kolkata Delhi Nagpur Bangalore Mumbai Paper 3.18 6.29 1.88 4.00 10.00 CHARACTERISTICS (%) Non-Biodegradable Plastic Metal Glass Ash & Earth 0.65 0.66 0.38 34.00 0.85 1.21 0.57 36.00 1.35 1.33 1.34 41.42 2.00 1.00 15.00 2.00 3.60 0.20 44.20 Biodegradable 47.00 35.00 34.81 78.00 40.00
Source : Indias Development Report, 1997.
The largest low moisture constituent of MSW is paper. Other low moisture combustible materials are plastics, textiles, rubber, leather and wood. These materials can be called Dry Combustibles in distinction to the Wet Combustibles of food, plant and other wastes, which contain 50-70% of water. Non Combustibles are metal, glasses and other inorganic compounds that have no heating value.
Health impacts of MSW

Wastes that are not properly managed, especially excreta and other liquid and solid wastes from household and the community, create serious health hazards and lead to infectious diseases. Unattended wastes lying around attract flies, rats and other vectors in turn spreading diseases. Normally, it is the wet wastes that decompose and release bad odour. This leads to unhygienic conditions thereby causing a rise in health problems. Thus excessive solid waste that is generated should be controlled by taking certain preventive measures. The group at risk from the unscientific disposal of solid wastes include the population in areas where there is no proper waste disposal method, especially pre-school children; waste workers in facilities producing toxic and infectious materials. Other high-risk groups include population living close to a waste dump and those, whose water supply has become contaminated either due to waste dumping or leachate from landfill site. Uncollected solid wastes also increases risk of injury and infections. In particular, organic domestic waste poses a serious threat, since they ferment, creating conditions favourable to the survival and growth of micro-biol pathogens. Direct handling of solid wastes can result in various types of infectious and chronic diseases with the waste workers and the rag pickers being the most vulnerable.
Legislation and policies on MSW management

The Draft Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 1999 published under the Notification of the Govt. of India in the Min. of Env. & Forests No. S. O. 783 (E) dt. 27.09.1999 in the Gazette of India. Then in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 3, 6 & 25 of the E.P. Act, 1986 Cent. Govt. has notified this Rule as Municipal Solid Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules 2000 published on 25.09.2000. It is the primary regulatory instrument for governing solid waste throughout India. It is administrated nationally by CPCB and State Governments are responsible for implementation of the MSW Rules at the State level.
Some of the salient features of MSW Rules are : 1) Every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area of the municipality be responsible for the implementation of the provision of these Rules and for any infrastructure development for collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of MSW. 2) Littering of MSW shall be prohibited in cities, towns and in urban areas notified by the municipal authority. 3) Municipalities must ensure that BMW and industrial wastes are not mixed with MSW and managed in accordance with Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Amendment Rules, 2003 and the Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Amendment Rules, 2003. 4) In order to encourage the citizens, Municipal Authority shall organize awareness program for segregation of wastes and shall promote recycling or reuse of segregated materials. 5) Municipal Authority shall establish and maintain storage facilities in such a manner as they do not create unhygienic and insanitary conditions around it. 6) Vehicles used for transportation of wastes shall be covered. Waste should not be visible to public, nor exposed to open environment preventing their scattering. 7) Municipal Authorities shall adopt suitable technology or combination of such technologies to make use of wastes so as to minimize burden on landfill. 8) Landfilling should be restricted to non-biodegradable, inert wastes and other wastes that are not suitable either for recycling or biological processing, viz. drain silts, compost residue, etc. 9) The Municipal Authority or an operator of a facility shall make an application for grant of Authorization for setting up waste processing and disposal facilities including landfill from State Board or the Committee.
Bio Medical Waste

The waste generating by the health care units are termed as bio-medical waste. The hospital waste has always been considered potentially hazardous. The disposal of untreated bio-medical wastes poses an environmental and public health risk. It also presents an occupational health hazards to the health care personnel who handle these wastes at the point of generation, and those involved with their management i.e. segregation, storage, transport, treatment and disposal. The indiscriminate disposal of untreated wastes are the causes to spread the infectious
diseases. Apart from these, a good amount of bio-medical wastes such as disposable syringes, saline bottles, I.V. fluid bottles etc. etc. are picked up by the rag pickers and are recycled back into the market without any disinfections. It is imperative, therefore, to adopt appropriate system for the safe collection, storage, transport, treatment and disposal of the hospital wastes. realizing the seriousness of the problems associated with the poor management of the bio-medical wastes, the Govt. of India had notified the Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules in the years 1998 in order to regulate the environmental menace due to mismanagement of the hospital waste.
Generation and composition

Waste generation and composition from health care units depends upon a number of factors such as waste management methods, type of health care units, occupancy of healthcare unit, specialization of the healthcare unit, ratio of reusable items in use, availability of infrastructure and resources etc. According to a WHO report, around 85% of the hospital wastes are actually non-hazardous, 10% are infectious and 5% are non-infectious but hazardous. A study conducted by Vatavaran, a NGO, in Delhi shows an average waste generation of 1.5 kgs./bed/day and around 45.5% of the total wastes is infectious in nature. Whereas, a rapid survey covering 10 hospitals in Mumbai carried out by Hospital Inspection Society of India shows that waste generation vary between 0.6 to 2.1 kgs./bed/day. A study conducted by the All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata concluded that
General waste containing food wastes, paper, plastics, floor sweeping, discarded glassware,
earth pot etc. constitute bulk (56-78% by weight) of the hospital waste.
Waste generated in large government hospitals in Kolkata, private hospitals and nursing
homes ranges between 1044 gms/bed/day and 1368 gms/bed/day whereas waste generated in large government hospitals in districts are comparatively low 397 gms/bed/day.
Incinerable waste constitutes 19-30% (by weight) of the total waste generated.
During the year 2002-2003 the waste survey have been carried out at different Govt. hospitals of various categories in West Bengal. The average generation of different types of healthcare waste for different categories of hospitals is tabulated below.
10
Health care waste generation

Hospital Healthcare General Category waste waste (bed generation rate (%) strength) (gms./bed/day) 251-600 702 70.12 126-250 678 64.05 51-125 658 66.08 Upto 50 782 66.48 Average 705 66.68 Source : WBHSDP report, 2002-2003. Bio-medical waste Total BMW (%) 29.88 35.95 33.92 33.52 33.32 Anatomical waste (%) 3.70 5.49 5.26 4.98 4.86 Sharp Waste (%) 1.21 2.40 1.82 2.33 1.94 Infectious non sharp waste (%) 24.97 28.06 26.84 26.23 26.52
Health impacts of BMW

The hazardous component of health care waste may contain infectious agents, toxic and hazardous chemicals and pharmaceuticals, radioactive materials and sharps that can cause health hazards to hospital patients, healthcare workers and the general public at large. Poor hospital waste management may cause the following diseases : Hepatitis B & C HIV positive Gastro-enteric infections Respiratory infections Blood stream infections Skin infections Radioactive toxicity Health problem associated with air and water pollution.
Apart from the above mentioned incidents, there are other environmental problems associated with untreated BMW generated from the healthcare units, which are as follows :
Decomposing waste may generate foul odour inside hospital premises and surrounding area. Drains may be clogged with waste materials creating unhygienic environment within the
surrounding hospital premises. This phenomenon may also help in breading of mosquitoes/flies that might contribute to spreading of infectious diseases.
Waste dump may attract stray animals and birds that might spread waste materials leading
to unaesthetic and unhygienic environment.

Indiscriminate disposal of pharmaceutical products (antibiotics and cytotoxic drugs) and
discharge of untreated wastewater generated from the health care units could have disastrous ecological effects.
11
Open dump of waste may decompose to produce leachate that might contaminate ground
water.
Uncontrolled and open burning of wastes can generate dioxins and furans, thus polluting the
air.
Rules framed for the BMW management

The Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Govt. of India, notified the Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules in July 1998 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, through Gazette notification S.O. 630(E). Thereafter, the Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules were amended twice in the year 2000 and the last amendment was made in the year 2003. The first amendment was published on 6th March 2000 vide S.O. 210(E) and second amendment was published on 2nd June 2000 vide the Gazette Notification S.O. 545(E), third Amendment was published on 17th September 2003 vide Gazette Notification S.O. 1069(E). These rules regulate the generation, handling, collection, storage, transport, treatment and disposal of Bio-Medial Wastes.
Some of the salient features of these rules are as follows : 1) These rules are applicable to the Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Veterinary Institutions, Pathological Laboratories and Clinics, Blood Banks, etc. generating bio-medical wastes. 2) The State Pollution Control Board/Pollution Control Committee is the prescribed authority for the implementation of the Rules in the Sates/Union Territories. 3) Every occupier of the health care units generating, collecting, receiving, storing, transporting, treating, disposing and/or handling BMW in any other manner, except such occupier of clinics, dispensaries, pathological laboratories, blood banks providing treatment/service to less than 1000 (one thousand) patients per month, shall make an application in Form-I to the prescribed authority for grant of authorization. 4) The prescribed authority shall on receipt of Form-I make such enquiry as it deems fit and if it is satisfied that the applicant possesses the necessary capacity to handle the BMW in accordance with the Rules, grant or renew an authorization as the case may be. 5) The Onus of the treatment of the BMW squarely lies with the occupier of the health care units.
12
6) The Municipal body of the area shall pick up and transport segregated non-bio-medical waste generated in the hospital and nursing homes, as well as duly treated BMW for disposal at municipal dump site. 7) The BMW shall not be stored beyond 48 hours without permission of the appropriate authority. 8) The occupier of the health care unit needs to maintain the records related to the generation, collection, reception, storage, transportation, treatment, disposal and/or any form of handling BMW. 9) Every occupier/operator shall submit an annual report to the State Pollution Control Board in Form-II by 31st January every year. The State Pollution Control Board shall send these information in a compiled form to the CPCB by 31st March every year.
13
CHAPTER III
DISTRICT WISE STATUS OF MSW & BMW IN WEST BENGAL
14
West Bengal is one of the eastern states of India (situated between 2131'N to 2714'N and 85 51'E to 8900'E longitude). West Bengal is the gateway to the beautiful northeastern states of India. Its capital Calcutta (now Kolkata) was once the capital of the British Empire and still remains the cultural capital of India with a strong tradition in literature and fine arts. The climate in general is tropical type, but West Bengal has a variety in its landscape. In south, worlds largest river-delta delta of the river Ganges Sundarbans (partly in Bangladesh), a world famous mangrove forest and tiger reserve area under South 24 Parganas District, and some areas of this district and East-Midnapore have coastal areas (Bakkhali, Sagar, in South 24-Parganas District and Digha, Frazergunj, in East Midnapore Dist.) and port (Haldia in East Midnapore). Midnapore, Parts Purulia, of West
BANGLADESH Bihar Bihar
West Bengal
(Natural) Orissa NEPAL
BHUTAN
Bankura
Districts have rough and dry type of soil, and also some undulating mainly touching mainly plain. areas. In North,
Jharkhand
Darjeeling, the
Jalpaiguri Himalayan
and Coochbehar Districts are mountain range. Other parts are
Orissa
The total area of West Bengal is 87,853 sq. km. It is Indias 12th largest State. In the north West Bengal touches the Indian States of Assam (north-east) and Sikkim (north) and shares international borders with Bhutan (north), Nepal (north-west) and Bangladesh (east). To the western end it touches Orissa, Bihar and Jharkhand. The southern plains of the State are crisscrossed with a network of rivers, the major being Bhagirathi and tributaries. The Bhagirathi itself known as Hooghly in the lower reaches is part of the river Ganga. The two great rivers, Ganga and Brahmaputra, merge to form great deltas at the mouth of the Bay of Bengal before they drain out into the sea.
15
There are 19 nos. districts in West Bengal namely Bankura, Birbhum, Bardhaman, Coochbehar, Darjeeling, Dinajpur(N), Dinajpur(S), Hooghly, Howrah, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Malda, Medinipur(E), Medinipur(W), Murshidabad, Nadia, Purulia, North 24-Parganas and South 24-Parganas. Municipal area of West Bengal comprises of 126 nos. municipal bodies including 6 nos. Municipal Corporation. Kolkata Municipal Corporation is the largest municipal body having area 187.33 sq. km. with population strength 45,80,544 (as per Census 2001) whereas regarding municipal area, Tarakeswar Municipality in Hooghly District represents the smallest member of the family having 1.5 sq.km. area and as per Census 2001, Mirik Municipality in Darjeeling District is smallest municipal body having population only 9,179.
District wise no. of Municipal Bodies

Sl. No. Total Above Municipal District 10 bodies lakhs 27 1 24 Parganas(N) 7 2 24 Parganas(S) 3 3 Bankura 11 4 Barddhaman 6 5 Birbhum 6 6 Cooch Behar 5 7 Darjeeling 12 8 Hooghly 3 1 9 Howrah 4 10 Jalpaiguri 1 Kolkata 1 11 2 12 Maldah 5 13 Midnapore(East) 8 14 Midnapore(West) 7 15 Murshidabad 10 Nadia 16 4 17 North Dinajpur 3 18 Purulia 2 19 South Dinajpur 2 Total : 126 Population Between Between Below 5 and 10 1 and 5 1 lakh lakhs lakhs 22 5 2 5 1 2 6 5 6 6 2 3 9 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 4 2 6 1 6 3 7 1 3 1 2 1 1 0 56 68
According to the CPCB Classification of local bodies and as per Census 2001, in West Bengal 2 nos. municipal corporations (Kolkata & Howrah) have Metro town status i.e. above 10 lakh population and 56 nos. municipal bodies fall under the category of Class-I municipality (population >1 lakh but not more than 10 lakhs), 27 nos. municipal bodies fall under Class-II municipality (population between 50,000 to 99,999), 32 nos. fall under Class-III municipality (population between 20,000 and 49,999), 8 nos. municipalities are fall under Class-IV (population 10,000 to 19,999) and only one (Mirik Municipality in Darjeeling District) falls under Class-V (population below 10,000) category.
16
District wise total Municipal Bodies and waste generation

Sl. No. District Total Municipal bodies 27 7 3 11 6 6 5 4 2 12 3 4 1 2 5 8 7 10 3 126 Total Total Per Capita Population in Population Total Waste Municipal Waste Municipal Density generated/day areas Generation areas (per sq.km) (in MT) (in sq. km. ) (gms/day) (Census 2001) 429.89 4610019 10724 2133.54 462.81 141.69 940453 6637 195.69 208.08 52.67 218102 4141 85.13 390.32 568.49 2021971 3557 635.40 314.25 68.15 284120 4169 150.27 528.90 32.92 175521 5332 72.67 414.02 72.22 670031 9277 222.93 332.72 55.00 295399 5371 70.57 238.90 20.00 189064 9453 65.24 345.07 152.88 1354163 8858 510.80 377.21 97.00 1472374 15179 1015.00 689.36 44.33 234469 5289 73.72 314.16 187.33 4580544 24452 2700.00 589.45 22.83 224392 9829 47.10 209.90 183.92 369276 2008 98.30 266.20 129.34 529965 4097 214.31 404.39 92.00 467366 5080 159.55 341.38 139.60 749443 5369 200.91 268.08 30.00 153448 5115 23.40 152.49 2520.26 19540120 7753 8674.47 360.40
1. 24 Pgs(N) 2. 24 Pgs(S) 3. Bankura 4. Barddhaman 5. Birbhum 6. Cooch Behar 7. Darjeeling 8. North Dinajpur 9. South Dinajpur 10. Hooghly 11. Howrah 12. Jalpaiguri 13. Kolkata 14. Maldah 15. Midnapore(East) 16. Midnapore(West) 17. Murshidabad 18. Nadia 19. Purulia Total:
District wise total nos. of municipal body

30 25 20 15 10 5 0
24 Pgs (N) 24 Pgs (S) Ban kur a Bar ddh am an Birb hum Coo ch Beh ar Dar jee ling Hoo ghly How rah Jalp aig uri Kol kat a Ma lda Mid h nap ore ( Ea s t) Mid nap or e (W es t ) Mu rsh ida bad Pur ulia Sou th D ina jpu r Din ajp ur Nad ia
27
11 7 3 6 6 5
12 8 3 4 1 2 5 7
10 4 3
District North 24-Parganas have maximum number municipal bodies total 27 nos. (20 within KMA and 7 outside KMA), District West Midnapore, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri etc. are also bigger districts but they have less numbers of municipal bodies.
Nor th
17
District wise MSW generation/day(MT)

(considering only Municipal areasof the Districts)
North Dinajpur Murshidabad Purulia Midnapore(W) Nadia Midnapore(E) Maldah
24 Pgs(N)
24 Pgs(S) Kolkata Bankura Barddhaman Birbhum Jalpaiguri Howrah Cooch Behar Darjeeling Hooghly
Considering the District total daily MSW generation in municipal areas only, Kolkata District generates maximum MSW (2,700MT/day) as there is maximum population density and Purulia District generates minimum (23.40 MT) MSW per day.
District wise Municipal Population Density (person/ sq. km.)

30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0
Pg s( N Pg ) s Ba (S) Ba nk u rd dh ra am Bi an Co rb oc hum h Be Da ha No rje r rth el in So Din g aj ut p h Di ur na jp Ho ur og h Ho ly w Ja rah lp ai gu Ko ri lk at M a id na Ma ld p M id ore ah na ( po Eas re t) M (W es ur sh t id ) ab ad Na di Pu a ru lia 24
The above figure shows that the State Capital Kolkata, as a district is most densely populated and in other districts (particularly outside KMA) like East Midnapore, Bankura, Birbhum etc. have lower density in municipal areas.
24
18
District wise per capita waste generation/day (in municipal areas)

800.00 700.00 600.00 500.00 400.00 300.00 200.00 100.00 0.00
Pg s( N Pg ) s Ba (S) Ba nk u rd dh ra am B an Co irb oc hum h B Da eha No rje r rth el i So Di ng na ut jp h Di ur na jp Ho ur og h Ho ly w Ja rah lp ai gu Ko ri lk at M a id na Ma po lda M id na re(E h po a re st) (W M e ur s h st ) id ab ad Na di Pu a ru lia 24
Regarding the per capita waste generation in municipal areas Howrah District is topmost, then Kolkata. It may be due to the flying population. In Purulia, Maldah, South 24 Parganas District per capita waste generation is low.
24
19
District : BANKURA
Bankura, is a district inhabited by high percentage of tribal population. It covers an area of 6,882 sq. km. and has a population strength of 31,91,822 (as in Census-2001). It is a partly hilly and arid land with rich mineral deposits, e.g. mica, lead, iron-ore, zinc, etc. Cultivation being the main source of income, Rice, wheat, corn, sugarcane are the chief cultivable crops. It is also famous for its traditional music, art (e.g. Terracotta, Dokra) and culture. With diverse variety of local and large tracts of forests (1,397 sq. km.), hills, rivers (Damodar, Kanksabati, Silabati, Dwarkeshwar) the districts has found place in the tourist map. Mukutmanipur, Bishnupur, Jhilmili, Joyrambati/Kamarpukur, Sushunia Hill, etc. are the notable tourist spots of attraction.
20
Municipal Bodies
The district Bankura with 3 municipal bodies, namely Bankura, Bishnupur and Sonamukhi, covers an area of 52.67 sq. km. and has population strength of 2,18,102. These municipal bodies together generate 85.13 MT of MSW per day (refer Table-II), with Bankura Municipality heading the list (Bankura- 60.13 MT, Bishnupur- 13.00MT and Sonamukhi- 12.00 MT). The MSW collection status of these municipal bodies is 57.11 MT/day(refer Table-II) with handcarts, tricycle and trailers being the major means of collection. The transportation of the collected MSW takes place through truck and tractors to the land earmarked for MSW disposal. Bankura Municipal body at present has 5.00 acres of land for MSW disposal followed by Sonamukhi10792 sq.m. and Bishnupur- 337 sq.m. A further 20234 sq.m of land has been identified for MSW disposal at Bankura and Sonamukhi municipality. Bio-medical Wastes in this district are mostly generated from several clinics, health care and pathological units. At present, there are about 23 nos. health care units (bed capacity 1,429) and 51 nos. clinics and pathological units in operation till date generating about 0.356 MT of BMW/day (refer Table-IV). However, as per provisions of Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998, there exists no separate treatment and disposal facility for BMW at these municipalities, with Sonamukhi municipality utilizing an ordinary pit/trench for its BMW disposal.
Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies

Name & Address of the Municipality Phone/FAX No. Population Population Total area in 1991 in 2001 (in sq. km.) 1,28,811 61,943 27,348 19.00 22.019 11.65 Population Municipal density/ category sq. km. 6,780 2,813 2,347 Class-I Class-II Class-III
Bankura Municipality 953242 250367 1,14,876 Tamlibandh, Machantala, FAX. 953242 250367 Dist. Bankura Bishnupur Municipality 953244 252 073/591 56,128 Bishnupur, Dist. Bankura Sonamukhi Municipality 953244 275 238/988 24,640 PO. Sonamukhi, Dist. Bankura
Table II : MSW generation, collection status

Name of the Municipality MSW Per capita MSW Genera Collection Population waste Collection tion / efficiency in 2001 generation /day (%) day (gms/day) (in MT) (in MT) 1,28,811 61,943 27,348 60.13 13.00 12.00 466.81 209.87 438.78 42.01 5.10 10.00 70 39 83 Collection method Total no. of wards 23 19 15 Doorstep Roadside (no. of wards (no. of wards covered and covered and collection collection schedule) schedule) Yet to start 23-Daily Yet to start Yet to start 19-Daily 15-Daily
Bankura Bishnupur Sonamukhi
21
Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

Collection of MSW MSW Name of the Generation Hand Municipality /day Tricycle Trailer cart (in MT) Bankura Bishnupur Sonamukhi 60.13 13.00 12.00 01 NIL 02 175 30 24 6 4 4 Transportation of MSW No. of Truck 1 NIL NIL No. of Tractor 6 4 4 Existing land for MSW disposal 5.00 Acres 337 sq.m 10792 sq.m Disposal land New land identified for MSW disposal 20234 sq. m. NIL 20234 sq. m.
Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

No. of Munici Name of the Govt. Pvt. Clinic/Path pal Municipality HCU HCU labs. HCU Bankura Bishnupur Sonamukhi 40 4 7 0 0 0 1 1 1 16 2 2 Per day BMW Total Per day generation in MT Bed Occupancy (considering 250gms/bed/day) 1,152 239 38 1,159 248 132 0.288 0.059 0.009 Disposal Facility for BMW No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system Ordinary pit / trench
22
District : BARDDHAMAN
Dainhat
It is a district with agriculture, industry and mining, all at their peak. It covers an area of 7,024 sq. km. having population strength 69,19,698 (as in the Census-2001). The eastern region of the district is a low alluvial plain, densely populated and often waterlogged and swampy. The western region is one of the busiest industrial tracts with rich deposits of coal, fire clay and ironore, especially in the Ranigunj coalfield area. Coal mining and agricultural production of rice, rapeseed, legumes and linseed are the primary activities in this district. Ajoy, Damodar, Bhagirathi are the major rivers of this district. Some regions of this district e.g. Barddhaman Rajbari etc. are of historic interest.
Municipal Bodies
Barddhaman district have 11 nos. municipal bodies, namely Asansol, Barddhaman, Dainhat, Durgapur, Guskara, Jamuria, Kalna, Katwa, Kulti, Memari and Raniganj. These 11 nos. municipal bodies altogether covers an area of 568.49 sq. km. with total municipal population strength 20,21,971. They total produce per day 635.40 MT of MSW excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 150 nos. health care units (bed strength 5,247) and total 130 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facility for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.
23

Name & Address of the Municipality Phone/FAX No. Total Population Population Population area Municipal density/ in 1991 in 2001 (in sq. category sq. km. km.) 2,62,188 4,86,304 127.00 3,829 Class I
Asansol Municipal Corp. 95341 220 2219/9476/9225 PO. Asansol, FAX : 95341 220 2491 Dist. Barddhaman Barddhaman Municipality 95342 266 2777/256 G. T. Road, PO. 4121 Barddhaman, FAX : 0342 256 0717 Dist. Barddhaman Dainhat Municipality 244 228/747 PO. Dainhat, Dist. Barddhaman Durgapur Municipal Corp. 95343 254 6107 City Centre, Durgapur 16, FAX : 254 6472 Dist. Barddhaman Guskara Municipality 953452 255 077/ 767 Guskara, FAX : 255 767 Dist. Barddhaman Jamuria Municipality 95341 2455562/2455984 Damodarpur, PO. Nandi, FAX : 0341 245 5984 Dist. Barddhaman PIN 713344 Kalna Municipality 953454 255004 Dangapara, PO. Kalna, FAX : 953454 256 242 Dist. Barddhaman Katwa Municipality 953453 255005/255160 PO. Katwa, Dist. FAX : 03453 255160 Barddhaman, PIN 713130 Kulti Municipality 95341 251 0642 PO. Sitarampur, FAX : 0341 251 1345 Dist. Barddhaman, PIN 713359 95342 2250825/ Memari Municipality 2250942 PO & PS. Memari, Dist. Barddhaman Raniganj Municipality N. S. B. Road, PO. Raniganj, 95341 244 4825/7485 FAX : 244 7484 Dist. Barddhaman, PIN 713347
2,45,079
2,85,871
23.00
12,429
Class I
20,349 4,25,836 26,995
22,593 4,92,996 31,863
10.36 154.00 17.00
2,181 3,201 1,874
Class III Class I Class III
1,18,494
1,29,456
79.20
1,635
Class I
47,229
52,176
10.00
5,218
Class II
55,541
71,573
7.93
9,026
Class II
1,08,518
2,90,057
99.00
2,930
Class I
29,000
36,191
16.00
2,262
Class III
61,997
1,22,891
25.00
4,916
Class I
24

MSW Per capita MSW Genera Collection Total Name of the Population waste Collecti tion / efficiency no. of Municipality in 2001 generation on /day (%) wards day (gms/day) (in MT) (in MT) Asansol 4,86,304 180.00 110.00 16.00 108.00 20.00 14.00 20.00 43.00 91.00 7.60 25.8 370.14 384.79 708.18 219.07 627.69 108.14 383.32 600.79 313.73 210.00 210.00 140.00 107.00 15.00 100.00 10.00 13.00 15.00 38.00 30.00 1.00 25.00 78 97 94 93 50 93 75 88 33 13 97 50 35 14 43 16 22 18 19 35 16 21 Collection method Doorstep Roadside (no. of wards (no. of wards covered and covered and collection collection schedule) schedule) 1- Alternate day 49- Alternate day NIL NIL 2-Daily NIL NIL NIL NIL All-Daily NIL NIL All-Daily All-Daily/Alternate day All-Daily/Weekly All-Daily All-Weekly All-Daily All-Daily All-Daily All-Alternate day Partially-Daily
Barddhaman 2,85,871 Dainhat Durgapur Guskara Jamuria Kalna Katwa Kulti Memari Raniganj 22,593 4,92,996 31,863 1,29,456 52,176 71,573 2,90,057 36,191 1,22,891

Collection of MSW MSW Name of the Generation Municipality Hand /day Tricycle Trailer (in MT) cart Asansol Barddhaman Dainhat Durgapur Guskara Jamuria Kalna Katwa Kulti Memari Raniganj 180.00 110.00 16.00 108.00 20.00 14.00 20.00 43.00 91.00 7.60 25.8 NIL 70 NIL NIL NIL NIL 04 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 200 01 NIL NIL NIL NIL 52 70 NIL N.A. NIL 02 03 NIL 01 02 04 07 03 01 04 Transportation of MSW No. of Truck 26 10 NIL 11 NIL NIL NIL NIL 07 NIL NIL No. of Tractor NIL 02 01 NIL 01 02 02 03 03 01 04 Disposal land Existing land for MSW disposal Indiscriminate 7 Acres Indiscriminate 3.5 Acres 2 Bighas Indiscriminate 3 Acres 2.3 Acres 1750 sq.m Indiscriminate Indiscriminate New land identified for MSW disposal One site identified NIL NIL 3 sites, 8.76 Acres 1 site NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL
25

No. of Name of the Clinic/ Municipal Municipality Path HCU labs. Asansol Barddhaman Dainhat Durgapur Guskara Jamuria Kalna Katwa Kulti Memari Raniganj 60 0 6 2 10 15 4 5 28 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Govt. HCU 1 1 0 5 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 Pvt. HCU 30 39 0 23 0 1 9 7 12 3 10 Total Bed 637 1,782 NIL 1,267 10 58 95 310 481 74 533 Per day BMW generation in MT (considering 250gms/bed/day) 0.15 0.45 NIL 0.32 0.0025 0.015 0.024 0.078 0.12 0.019 0.13 Disposal Facility for BMW No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system
* a private operator is going to develop a CBMWTDF for Barddhaman District (mainly for the Asansol, Ranigunj, Durgapur, Kulti, Jamuria Municipal areas)
26
District : BIRBHUM
The district is proud to have Visva Bharati at Santiniketan, Bolpur, the institution established by the great Nobel Laureate poet Rabindra Nath Tagore. It covers an area of 4,545 sq. km. and including some tribal population, the total population in this District is reported to be 30,12,546 (Census-2001). The District comprises of two distinct regions. In the west lies an undulating, generally barren upland; comprising of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, rising to about 3,000 ft. and to the east is a densely populated plain of Gangetic Delta. Rice, wheat, corn are the chief crops of this district, which also harbours rich mineral deposits of coal, china-clay, iron-ore, etc. The Ajoy, Mayurakshi, Bakreswar, and Dwarka are the principal rivers flowing through the district. Santiniketan, Bakreswar, Tarapith are among the notable tourist spot of attraction.
27
Municipal Bodies
The district Birbhum with 6 nos. municipal bodies, namely Bolpur, Dubrajpur, Nalhati, Rampurhat, Sainthia and Suri covers an area of 68.15 sq. km. and has a total municipal population strength of 2,84,120. Per day total 150.27 MT of MSW generate in these municipal areas. Total 23 nos. health care units (bed strength 478) and 51 nos. clinics and pathological units are situated in these municipal areas. Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facility for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.

Name & Address of the Municipality Bolpur Municipality Chandidas Nanoor Road, PO. Bolpur, Dist. Birbhum Dubrajpur Municipality PO. Dubrajpur, Dist. Birbhum Nalhati Municipality Nalhati Municipal Office, Nalhati, Dist. Birbhum Rampurhat Municipality PO. Rampurhat, Dist. Birbhum Sainthia Municipality Sainthia, Dist. Birbhum Suri Municipality Suri, Dist. Birbhum Phone/FAX No. 953463 252501 FAX : 03463 252501 953462 244362/244519 FAX : 03462 244362 953465 255300 953461 255008 953462 264187/262367 953462 255534/257308 Population in 1991 52,760 Population in 2001 65,659 Total area (in sq. km.) 13.13 Population Municipal density/ category sq. km. 5,001 Class II
26,983
32,752
16.85
1,944
Class III
34,029 43,275 30,024 54,298
34,038 50,609 39,244 61,818
12.10 6.59 10.00 9.48
2,813 7,680 3,924 6,521
Class III Class II Class III Class II

MSW MSW Per capita Genera Collect Collection Name of the Population Total no. waste tion / ion / efficiency Municipality in 2001 of wards generation (%) day day (gms/day) (in MT) (in MT) Bolpur Dubrajpur Nalhati Rampurhat Sainthia Suri 65,659 32,752 34,038 50,609 39,244 61,818 34.00 7.36 23.31 10.60 25.00 50.00 517.83 224.72 684.82 210.00 637.04 808.83 28.00 3.80 20.00 10.00 18.00 50.00 82 52 86 94 72 100 18 16 16 17 16 18 Collection method Doorstep Roadside (no. of wards (no. of wards covered and covered and collection collection schedule) schedule) 10-Alternate day All-Alternate day Yet to start Yet to start Yet to start Yet to start All-Daily All All-Daily All- Alternate day All NIL
28

MSW Storage Genera Name of the (no. of tion / Bins/ Municipality day Vats) (in MT) Bolpur Dubrajpur Nalhati Rampurhat Sainthia Suri 34.00 7.36 23.31 10.60 25.00 50.00 594 28 72 85 64 85 Collection of MSW Tricycle 22 2 7 4 12 50 Hand cart 44 8 NIL 20 17 40 Trailer 4 1 1 2 2 4 Transportation of MSW No. of Truck NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL No. of Tractor 4 1 1 2 2 4 Disposal land New land Existing land identified for MSW for MSW disposal disposal 10 Bighas NIL NIL 3.3 Acres 5 Bighas One site NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL One site identified

No. of Name of the Clinic/P Municip Govt. Municipality ath al HCU HCU labs. Bolpur Dubrajpur Nalhati Rampurhat Sainthia Suri 12 6 5 14 4 10 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 NIL 1 NIL 1 2 Pvt. HCU 2 NIL NIL 4 5 7 Total Bed Per day BMW generation in MT Disposal Facility for BMW (considering 250gms/bed/day) 0.020 NIL 0.006 0.004 0.030 0.15 In a trench Not considerable amount of BMW generates here Ordinary pit / trench No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system One burial pit
80 NIL 25 19 120 598
29
District : COOCHBEHAR
This district with beauty all around, covers an area of 3,387 sq. km. and has a population strength of 24,78,280. The district is famous for its princely past along with its rich tradition of education and rituals. The main attraction here is the Maharajas Palace, which was built in 1885 in Coochbehar town. Agricultural activity, which is the main source of income. Among the major crops grow here tea, rice, jute etc. are notable. Raidak and Jaldhaka are the major rivers of this district. Boxapahar, a tourist spot of this district is well known for its scenic beauty.
Municipal Bodies
Coochbehar district have 6 municipal bodies, namely Coochbehar, Dinhata, Haldiabari, Mathabhanga, Mekhliganj, & Tufanganj. These municipal bodies altogether covers an area of 32.92 sq. km. with total municipal population strength 1,75,521. Per day 72.67 MT of MSW is produced in these municipal areas excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 15 nos. health care units (bed strength 1118) and 101 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facility for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.
30

Name & Address of the Municipality Coochbehar Municipality P.O. : Coochbehar Dist. : Coochbehar Dinhata Municipality P.O.: Dinhata Dist. Coochbehar Haldibari Municipality P.O.: Haldibari Dist. Coochbehar Mathabhanga Municipality P.O.: Mathabhanga Dist. : Coochbehar Mekhliganj Municipality P.O.: Mekhliganj Dist.: Coochbehar Tufanganj Municipality PO. Tufangunj, Dist. Coochbehar Phone/FAX No. 953582 222286 FAX : 953582 222656 953581 255 103/ 628 FAX : 255 682 953584 263264/ FAX : 263312 953583 255255 FAX : 255194 953584 255249 FAX : 953584 255249 953582 244256 FAX : 953582 244659 Total PopulaPopulation Population area tion Municipal in 1991 in 2001 (in sq. density/ category km.) sq. km. 71,215 17,697 10,870 76,812 34,303 13,170 8.29 4.55 10.00 9,266 7,539 1,317 Class II Class III Class IV
17,336
21,110
3.71
5,690
Class III
8,205 16,418
10,833 19,293
3.88 2.49
2,792 7,748
Class IV Class IV

Collection method MSW MSW Collec Per capita Doorstep Roadside Genera Collect tion Total Name of the Population waste (no. of wards no. of (no. of wards tion / ion / efficie Municipality in 2001 generation covered and day day ncy wards covered and (gms/day) collection collection (in MT) (in MT) (%) schedule) schedule) 76,812 39.00 507.73 35.00 90 20 All-Daily 39-Daily Coochbehar Dinhata Haldibari Mathabhanga Mekhliganj Tufangunj 34,303 13,170 21,110 10,833 19,293 10.30 2.80 6.30 2.27 12.00 300.26 212.00 298.43 209.54 621.99 NIL 2.0 NIL 2.30 10.00 NIL 71 NIL 88 83 16 11 12 9 12 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL All-Daily NIL All-Daily All-Alternate day

Transportation Collection of MSW Disposal land MSW of MSW Name of the Generat New land Municipality ion /day Hand No. of No. of Existing land for Tricycle Trailer identified for (in MT) cart Truck Tractor MSW disposal MSW disposal Coochbehar Dinhata Haldibari Mathabhanga Mekhliganj Tufangunj 39.00 10.30 2.80 6.30 2.27 12.00 40 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 40 20 29 06 11 04 4 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 NIL 1 1 NIL 4 1 1 1 1 1 6.2881 Acres Indiscriminate 1.81 Acres Indiscriminate Indiscriminate 4.50 Acres NIL NIL 2.33 Acres NIL 1 site, 1.00 Acres NIL
31

Name of the Municipality Coochbehar Dinhata Haldibari Mathabhanga Mekhliganj Tufangunj No. of Per day BMW Munici Per day Clinic Govt Pvt. Total generation in MT pal Occup / Path HCU HCU Bed (considering HCU ancy 250gms/bed/day) labs. 45 25 04 13 02 12 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 01 01 01 01 01 01 05 03 NIL NIL NIL 01 528 215 30 120 120 105 520 220 25 130 127 120 0.132 0.053 0.0075 0.03 0.03 0.026 Disposal Facility for BMW No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system
32
District : DARJEELING
It is the north most district of West Bengal touching the Himalayan Mountain range. It derives its name from Tibetan DORJE-LING which means place of thunderbolt. It is one of the most beutiful hill stations of the country covering an area of 3,149 sq.km. and having a population strength of 16,05,900 (Census-2001). Tea, timber, orange, cardamon and some medicinal plants are the major crops grown here. Since, the district has many places of tourist attraction and also serves as the gateway to Nepal, Bhutan and other north-eastern states of India, its economy is driven primarily by tourism and business. As a result, the district have a large number of floating population through out the year. The climate here is generally foggy or humid and plentiful of rain. The hill station Darjeeling lies at an elevation of about 7,000 fts.(2,100m) above sea-level on a long narrow mountain ridge of the Sikkim Himalayas that descends abruptly to the bed of the Great Rangit River. Siliguri is one of the biggest city of this district and it also serve as an important junction of North and North-eastern parts.
33
Municipal Bodies
Total 5 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, namely, Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Kurseong, Mirik Municipality and Siliguri Municipal Corporation. Total municipal area of Darjeeling District is 72.22 sq. km. and have total municipal population strength of 6,70,031. As per the Census Report 2001 the population of Mirik municipal area is only 9,179, which is the lowest populated town among the126 nos. municipal bodies in W.B. The 5 nos. municipal bodies of Darjeeling district together produce 222.93 MT of MSW per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 43 nos. health care units (bed strength 2,016) and 78 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facilities for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.

Name & Address of the Municipality Phone/FAX No. Total Population Population area in 1991 in 2001 (in sq. km.) 73,062 38,832 1,07,530 42,980 10.70 8.02 Population Municipal density/ category sq. km. 10,050 5,358 Class I Class III
Darjeeling Municipality 95354 2521124 / 406 FAX: 95354 2521437 P.O. : Darjeeling Dist. : Darjeeling Kalimpong Municipality 95355 2255224 / 223 FAX : 2255 224 Upper Cart Road. P.O.: Kalimpong Dist. Darjeeling Kurseong Municipality 95354 2344286 / 412 FAX : 95354 2344286 D.H. Road P.O.: Kurseong Dist.: Darjeeling 95354 2443328 Mirik Municipality PO. Mirik Dist. Darjeeling 95353 2433277 Siliguri Municipal FAX : 2435444 Corporation P.O.: Siliguri Dist. : Darjeeling
26,758
40,067
5.00
8,013
Class III
7,022 2,16,950
9,179 4,70,275
6.50 42.00
1,412 11,197
Class V Class I

MSW Per capita MSW CollecName of the Total Genera Population tion waste CollecMunicipal no. of tion / in 2001 generation tion /day efficien Bodies wards day (gms/day) (in MT) cy (%) (in MT) Darjeeling Kalimpong Kurseong Mirik Siliguri 1,07,530 42,980 40,067 9,179 4,70,275 50.00 16.00 5.00 1.93 150.00 464.99 372.27 124.79 210.26 318.96 31.00 14.00 4.00 1.50 120.00 62 88 80 78 80 32 23 20 09 47 Collection method Doorstep (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) N.A. NIL NIL NIL All-Daily Roadside (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) N.A. All-Daily 19-Daily All-Daily NIL
34

Transportation of Collection of MSW MSW MSW Name of the Generat Municipality ion/day Hand No. of No. of Tricycle Trailer (in MT) cart Truck Tractor Darjeeling Kalimpong Kurseong Mirik Siliguri 50.00 16.00 5.00 1.93 150.00 N.A. 20 NIL NIL NIL N.A. NIL 06 NIL 500 N.A. 01 02 01 05 N.A. 2 01 NIL 07 N.A. 01 01 NIL 05 Disposal land Existing land for MSW disposal N.A. 6.69 Bighas 250 sq. m. 40 sq . m. 28.00 Acres New land identified for MSW disposal N.A. NIL One, 185.09 Decimal NIL One, 37.26 Acres

Name of the Municipality No. of Clinic/ Path labs. N.A. 10 3 NIL 65 Municipal HCU Govt. HCU Pvt. HCU Total Bed Per day BMW generation in MT Disposal Facility for BMW (considering 250gms/bed/day) 0.092 0.110 0.025 0.003 0.270 No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system
Darjeeling Kalimpong Kurseong Mirik Siliguri
NIL NIL NIL NIL 01
01 01 01 01 02
03 04 NIL NIL 30
371 433 100 15 1119
35
District : NORTH DINAJPUR
At the time of partition, Dinajpur district was divided into two parts, eastern part included Purba Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and western part included District of West Bengal which was named as West Dinajpur District. In 1992, the West Dinajpur District was further divided into two separate districts, viz. North Dinajpur (Uttar Dinajpur) and South Dinajpur (Dakshin Dinajpur). The North Dinajpur District covers an area of 3,142 sq.km enclosed by Bangladesh on the East, Bihar on the West, Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri District on the North and South Dinajpur District on the South respectively. The population strength of the district is about 24,41,824 as per Census2001. The regional topography is generally flat with a gentle southerly slope towards the main rivers of Kulik, and Mahananda. Uttar Dinajpur is bestowed with a very fertile soil. Raiganj on the bank of the River Kulik serve as the District Headquarter where the second largest bird sanctuary in Asia is situated.
36
Municipal Bodies
The District Uttar Dinajpur with 4 municipal bodies, namely Dalkhola, Islampur, Kaliaganj & Raiganj, covers an area of 55.00 sq. km. and has total municipal population strength of 2,95,399. Per day 70.57 MT of MSW generate in these municipal areas, excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 12 nos. health care units (bed strength 445) and 34 nos. clinics and pathological units. All these 4 nos. municipal bodies had applied for MSW Authorization to the WBPCB.

Name & Address of the Population Population Phone/FAX No. Municipality in 1991 in 2001 Dalkhola Municipality P.O.: Dalkhola Dist.: Uttar Dinajpur Islampur Municipality PO. Islampur Dist.: Uttar Dinajpur Kaliyaganj Municipality P.O. : Kaliaganj Dist. : Uttar Dinajpur Raiganj Municipality P.O.: Raiganj Dist.: Uttar Dinajpur 953525 256293/259 FAX: 953525 256259 953526 255153 953523 258165 FAX: 953523 259165 953523 252163 FAX : 252 542 10,652 29,772 Total area Population Municipal density/ (in sq. category km.) sq. km. 16.00 1,861 Class III
45,240 37,817 1,51,045
52,766 47,639 1,65,222
16.00 12.00 11.00
3,298 3,970 15,020
Class II Class III Class I

MSW Per capita Name of the Genera Population waste Municipal tion / in 2001 generation Bodies day (gms/day) (in MT) Dalkhola Islampur Kaliyaganj Raiganj 29,772 52,766 47,639 1,65,222 6.26 33.31 5.00 26.00 210.26 631.28 104.96 157.36 MSW CollecTotal Collection no. of tion / efficien wards day cy (%) (in MT) NIL NIL 4.00 19.6 NIL NIL 80 75 14 14 17 26 Collection method Doorstep (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) NIL NIL NIL NIL Road side (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) NIL NIL All-Daily All - Daily

Collection of MSW MSW Name of the Generati Municipality on /day Hand Tricycle Trailer (in MT) cart Dalkhola Islampur Kaliyaganj Raiganj 6.26 33.31 5.00 26.00 Transportation of MSW No. of Truck No. of Tractor Disposal land Existing land for MSW disposal 0.05 Acre NIL 2.7 Acres 7.00 Acres NIL NIL NIL New land identified for MSW disposal
Yet to develop collection & transport facility for MSW NIL NIL 02 NIL 02 NIL 24 03 NIL 03 NIL 20 05 NIL 03
37

No. of Name of the Clinic/ Municipal Govt. Municipality Path HCU HCU labs. Dalkhola Islampur Kaliyaganj Raiganj 02 10 07 15 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 01 01 01 Pvt. HCU 01 02 NIL 04 Per day BMW Total generation in MT Bed (considering 250gms/bed/day) 04 113 70 243 0.001 0.028 0.017 0.061 Disposal Facility for BMW Amount of BMW generation is very small No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system
38
District: SOUTH DINAJPUR
In terms of population, Dakshin (South) Dinajpur District is the smallest district in West Bengal. Balurghat is the districts headquarter. The district covers a total area of 2,183 sq.km. and has a population strength of 15,02,647 as per Census-2001. The district is drained by a number of North-South flowing rivers like Atreyee, Punarbhaba, Tangon and Brahmani. It is predominantly an agricultural district with large areas of cultivable land. Dakshin Dinajpur is a Non-Industry district having no large-scale industry at its disposal. Transport and Communication facilities are not yet very well developed however, new railway lines have been laid between Eklakhi and the district headquarter Balurghat. The National Highway no. 34 falls within this district, but only for a stretch of 3 kms.
Municipal Bodies
South Dinajpur district have 2 municipal bodies, namely Gangarampur & Balughat, altogether covers an area of 20.00 sq. km. with total municipal population strength 1,89,064. I these municipal areas 65.24 MT of MSW produce per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 6 nos. health care units (bed strength 500) and 13 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facilities for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.
39

Name & Address of the Municipality Balurghat Municipality Sova Majumder Sarani P.O.: Balurghat Dist. : Dakshin Dinajpur Gangarampur Municipality P.O. : Gangarampur Dist. : Dakshin Dinajpur Phone/ FAX No. 953522 255649 FAX: 255930 953521 255404 FAX: 255140 Total Population Population Population area Municipal density/ in 1991 in 2001 category (in sq. sq. km. km.) 1,19,796 1,35,516 10.00 13,552 Class III
46,611
53,548
10.00
5,355
Class II

Collection method MSW Collec MSW Per capita Doorstep Road side Name of the Total Collect tion Population Generati waste Municipal ion / efficie no. of (no. of wards (no. of wards in 2001 on /day generation covered and Bodies day ncy wards covered and (in MT) (gms/day) collection collection (in MT) (%) schedule) schedule) All Alternate 1,35,516 54.00 398.48 52.00 96 23 NIL Balurghat day 53,548 11.24 210.00 1.00 9 12 NIL All - Daily Gangarampur

Collection of MSW MSW Name of the Generat Municipality ion /day Hand Tricycle Trailer (in MT) cart Balurghat Gangarampur 54.00 11.24 NIL NIL NIL 05 04 02 Transportation of MSW No. of Truck 01 NIL No. of Tractor 04 02 Disposal land Existing New land land for identified for MSW MSW disposal disposal 10.00 Acres NIL NIL 8.00 Acres

No. of Name of the Clinic/P Municipal Municipality ath HCU labs. Balurghat Gangarampur 05 03 01 NIL Govt. HCU 01 01 Pvt. HCU 01 02 Total Bed 340 295 Per day BMW generation in MT (considering 250gms/bed/day) 0.085 0.073 Disposal Facility for BMW No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system
40
District : HOOGHLY
Bansberia
Dirghangi Champdani
Rishra
Identified land about 51 acres at Dirghangi for proposed common facility project (under JBIC) for MSWM for Serampore, Rishra, Konnagar, Uttarpara-Kotrang, Baidyabati and Champdani Municipality
Hooghly, a district with both agriculture and industrial activities at their peak covers a total area of 3,149 sq.km. having a population strength of 50,40,047 as per Census-2001. The district has vast stretches fertile land suitable for the cultivation of rice, jute, sugarcane, and potatoes. The Hooghly's riverbank is densely populated and heavily industrialized, with jute, rice, cotton mills, rubber and chemical factories. The district headquarter Chinsurah and Chandernagore town have old European settlements of British India. The river Ganges (Hooghly), and the branches of Rupnarayan, Damodar are the major rivers of the District.
41
Municipal Bodies
Total 12 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, namely, Arambagh, Baidyabati, Bansberia, Bhadreswar, Champdani, Chendernagore, Hooghly-Chinsurah, Konnagar, Rishra, Serampore, Tarakeswar, and Uttarpara-Kotrang. Except Arambagh and Tarakeswar all these municipal bodies are situated within KMA and mostly nearer the river Hooghly. Together they cover an area of 152.88 sq. km. and have total municipal population strength of 13,54,163. They produce 510.8MT of MSW per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 100 nos. health care units (bed strength 3,542) and 177 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facilities for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste. In this district, Serampore Municipality (established in 1865) done some appreciable works regarding their MSW management.

Name & Address of the Municipality Arambagh Municipality P.O.: Arambagh, Dist. : Hooghly Baidyabati Municipality P.O.: Baidyabati Dist. : Hooghly Bansberia Municipality P.O.: Bansberia Dist. : Hooghly Bhadreswar Municipality 35, G.T. Road PO. Bhadreswar Dist. : Hooghly Champdani Municipality P.O.: Champdani Dist. : Hooghly Chandernagar Municipal Corporation Meripark, Barabazar P.O.: Chandernagar Dist. : Hooghly Hooghly - Chinsurah Municipality P.O.: Chinsurah Dist. : Hooghly Konnagar Municipality P.O.: Konnagar, Dist. : Hooghly Rishra Municipality 49/56/57, Rabindra Sarani, P.O.: Rishra, Dist. : Hooghly Serampore Municipality 1, N.S. Avenue P.O.: Serampore Dist. : Hooghly Phone/FAX No. 953211 255030 / 257467 FAX: 953211 255030 2632 0443 / 3605 2634 6324 / 6807 FAX: 2634 6806 2633 5283 / 1020 FAX: 2633 1020 2632 3429 FAX: 26326257 2683 5097 / 6706 / 2562 FAX : 2683 5068 2680 2319 / 3166 / 2899 2674 2123 FAX: 2674 0210 2672 1373 / 2953 FAX: 2672 0306 2662 0310 FAX: 2662 3651 Total Population Population Population area Municipal density/ in 1991 in 2001 (in sq. category sq. km. km.) 45,211 56,129 34.75 1,615 Class II
90,081 93,520
1,08,231 1,04,453
12.03 9.06
8,997 11,524
Class I Class I
72,474
1,05,944
8.28
12,795
Class I
1,01,067
1,03,232
6.50
15,882
Class I
1,20,378
1,62,166
22.03
7,361
Class I
1,51,806
1,70,201
17.29
9,844
Class I
62,200 1,06,649
72,211 1,13,259
4.67 6.76
15,463 16,747
Class II Class I
1,37,028
1,79,955
18.00
9,998
Class I
42
Name & Address of the Municipality Tarakeswar Municipality P.O.: Tarakeswar Dist. : Hooghly Uttarpara - Kotrang Municipality P.O.: Uttarpara Dist. : Hooghly
Phone/FAX No.
Total Population Population Population area Municipal density/ in 1991 in 2001 (in sq. category sq. km. km.) 22,632 28,178 1.50 18,785 Class III
9112 276105 2663 4095 FAX: 2663 7298
1,01,268
1,50,204
12.00
12,517
Class I

Name of the Municipal Bodies Arambagh Baidyabati Bansberia Bhadreswar Champdani MSW MSW Collec Per capita Genera Collect tion Total Population waste tion / ion / efficie no. of in 2001 generation day day ncy wards (gms/day) (in MT) (in MT) (%) 56,129 1,08,231 1,04,453 1,05,944 1,03,232 14.28 15.26 46.00 22.26 45.00 68.00 80.00 30.00 63.00 50.00 10.00 67.00 254.41 140.99 440.39 210.11 435.91 419.32 470.03 415.45 556.25 277.85 354.89 446.06 13.51 7.50 42.00 22.00 35.00 55.89 70.00 20.00 52.00 36.00 8.00 60.00 95 49 91 99 78 82 88 67 83 72 80 90 18 22 22 20 22 33 30 19 23 25 15 24 Collection method Doorstep (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) NIL NIL NIL 1-Daily 7-Daily NIL NIL All-Alternate Day NIL NIL 14-Daily Roadside (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) All-Daily All-Daily All-Daily 21-Daily 26-Alternate Day All-Daily All-Alternate Day NIL All-Daily All-Daily 10-Daily
18-Alternate Day 2-Alternate Day
Chandernagore 1,62,166 Hooghly 1,70,201 Chinsurah 72,211 Konnagar Rishra Serampore Tarakeswar Uttarpara Kotrang 1,13,259 1,79,955 28,178 1,50,204

Transportation of Collection of MSW Disposal land MSW MSW Name of the Generat Existing land New land Municipality ion /day Hand No. of No. of Tricycle Trailer for MSW identified for cart Truck Tractor (in MT) disposal MSW disposal Arambagh Baidyabati Bansberia Bhadreswar Champdani Chandernagor Hooghly Chinsurah 14.28 15.26 46.00 22.26 45.00 68.00 80.00 NIL NIL 15 60 27 55 50 12 25 30 NIL 01 05 NIL 03 06 04 03 05 07 09 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 03 01 03 03 02 03 01 03 03 0.916 Acres 5.00 Acres 6.00 Acres 3.00 Acres 5.338 Acres 6.50 Acres 1.50 Acres 3.00 Acres NIL NIL
43
Transportation of Collection of MSW Disposal land MSW MSW Name of the Generat Existing land New land Municipality ion /day Hand No. of No. of Tricycle Trailer for MSW identified for cart Truck Tractor (in MT) disposal MSW disposal Konnagar Rishra Serampore 30.00 63.00 50.00 19 33 NIL NIL 07 75 04 04 12 NIL NIL 02 02 06 03 NIL 2.20 Acres -
10.00 NIL 35 02 NIL 02 Tarakeswar Uttarpara 67.00 41 15 08 02 03 1.83 Acres NIL Kotrang Note: About 51 acres of land at Dirghangi, in Hooghly District identified for a common facility project (under JBIC) for MSWM for Serampore, Rishra, Konnagar, Uttarpara-Kotrang, Baidyabati and Champdani Municipality.

Name of the Municipality Arambagh No. of Clinic/ Municipal Path HCU labs. 18 NIL Govt. HCU 01 Pvt. HCU 15 Per day BMW Total generation in MT Disposal Facility for Bed BMW (considering 250gms/bed/day) 495 0.12
No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection 14 NIL NIL 04 20 0.005 Baidyabati or disposal system No separate collection 04 01 01 NIL 30 0.007 Bansberia or disposal system No separate collection 05 01 NIL 05 65 0.016 Bhadreswar or disposal system No separate collection 08 01 01 01 109 0.027 Champdani or disposal system No separate collection 26 01 02 14 678 0.17 Chandernagore or disposal system No separate collection Hooghly 35 NIL 02 09 771 0.19 or disposal system Chinsurah No separate collection 06 01 NIL 01 58 0.014 Konnagar or disposal system No separate collection 11 01 01 06 259 0.065 Rishra or disposal system No separate collection 20 NIL 03 09 636 0.16 Serampore or disposal system No separate collection 08 NIL 01 03 140 0.035 Tarakeswar or disposal system No separate collection Uttarpara 22 NIL 01 10 424 0.11 or disposal system Kotrang Note : Two CBMWTDF, one at Kalyani, in Nadia District and another at Howrah, operated by a private operator extended their facility for the health care units situated within Hooghly District.
44
District : HOWRAH
Howrah, a small (total area 1,467 sq.km.) but important district has a total population strength of 42,74,010 (in 2001 Census). One part of the Howrah district is fully engaged with industrial activities while other part is still dependent on agriculture and traditional craft works. Howrah city, the twin city of Kolkata, lies along the west bank of the Hooghly River and connected with Kolkata by Howrah Bridge(a spectacular engineering structure in British India). The city has a Century old Engineering College. Howrah has major Grand Trunk Road connections and has the eastern terminus of major rail lines traversing eastern, northern, and central India. Howrah's river port is lined with shipbuilding and repairing docks, and on the riverbank and elsewhere are other
45
industrial belt, like jute, cotton mills; metallurgical, chemicals Industries, etc. The tourist spot at Gadiara and Uluberia draws huge number of visitors during the winter months. More than 250 years old banyan tree of Botanical Garden at Sibpur is the cynosure of visitors that flock.
Municipal Bodies
Total 3 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, namely, Howrah Municipal Corporation and Bally and Uluberia Municipality. Together they cover an area of 97sq. km. and have total municipal population strength of 14,72,374. The Howrah Municipal Corporation is one of the Old and big Cities of India(Established in 1862), having above 10 lakhs population as per Census 2001. In the Howrah Municipal Corporation area the per capita solid waste generation is also high (817gms/day). Like other old cities this city is also very congested. Including Howrah Municipal Corporation total 1,015 MT of MSW generated per day in these three municipal areas, excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 89 nos. health care units (bed strength 2,877) and 65 nos. clinics and pathological units. Except some of the Govt. health care units of Howrah district, most of all other HCUs of Howrah district are joined the CBMWTDF-Howrah for treatment and disposal of their bio-medical wastes.

Name & Address of the Municipality Bally Municipality P.O.: Bally Dist. : Howrah Howrah Municipal Corporation 4, M. G. Road Dist. : Howrah Phone/FAX No. 2654 2491 / 2236 FAX: 2654 7052 2660 3211 / 3212 / 3032 FAX: 2660 3214 Total Population Population area in 1991 in 2001 (in sq. km.) 1,84,474 2,61,575 12.00 Populati on Municipal density/ category sq. km. 21,798 Class I Class I (Metro city)
9,50,435
10,08,704
52.00
19,398
2661 0274 Uluberia Municipality FAX: 2661 1395 P.O.: Uluberia Dist. : Howrah
1,55,172
2,02,095
33.00
6,124
Class I

Collection method Collect Name of MSW Per capita MSW Doorstep Roadside ion the Population Generati waste Total no. (no. of wards (no. of wards Collection efficie Municipal in 2001 on /day generation of wards covered and covered and /day ncy (in MT) (gms/day) (in MT) Bodies collection collection (%) schedule) schedule) 2,61,575 150.00 573.45 140.00 93 29 All - Daily Bally Howrah Uluberia 10,08,704 2,02,095 825.00 40.00 817.88 197.93 800.00 4.00 97 10 50 28 44 - Daily 6 - Daily Not Yet Started Properly
46

Transportation Collection of MSW Disposal land of MSW MSW Name of the Generation New land Existing land Municipality Hand No. of No. of identified /day Tricycle Trailer for MSW (in MT) cart Truck Tractor for MSW disposal disposal 150.00 75 NIL 15 01 15 4.16 Acres 5.00 Acres Bally Howrah Uluberia 825.00 40.00 NIL 02 565 NIL 21 NIL 25 NIL 21 NIL 16.33 Acres 4.37 Acres

No. of Name of the Clinic/P Municipal Govt. Municipality ath HCU HCU labs. Pvt. HCU Per day BMW Total generation in MT Disposal Facility for Bed BMW (considering 250gms/bed/day) Through Common Biomedical waste 754 0.19 treatment facility provided by a private operator Through Common Biomedical waste 1,588 0.39 treatment facility provided by a private operator Through Common Biomedical waste 574 0.14 treatment facility provided by a private operator
Bally
03
01
04
10
Howrah
45
NIL
07
52
Uluberia
N.A.
01
02
13
47
District : JALPAIGURI
A district with abundance of beauty through deep forests, wild life and tea plantations. The climate favours the agricultural production of major crops. The district covers an area of 6,227 sq.km. and has a total population strength as per 2001 Census is 34,03,204. The New Jalpaiguri (NJP- 4 kms from city) is connected through express trains to all major Indian cities. In East the district has connections with the Northeastern parts of India and in the North Bhutan border.
Municipal Bodies
Total 4 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, namely, Alipurduar, Dhupguri, Jalpaiguri and Mal. Together they cover an area of 44.33sq. km. and have total municipal population strength of 2,34,469. They produce 73.72 MT of MSW per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 11 nos. health care units (bed strength 1,115) and 51 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facilities for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.
48

Name & Address of the Municipality Phone/ FAX No. Population Population Population Total area Municipal density/ sq. in 1991 in 2001 (in sq. km.) category km. 65,241 30,375 68,732 20,395 73,047 37,998 1,00,212 23,210 9.36 14.55 12.92 7.50 7,804 2,612 7,756 3,095 Class II Class III Class I Class III
Alipurduar Municipality 953564 255580 FAX: 256134 P.O.: Alipurduar Dist. : Jalpaiguri Dhupguri Municipality 953563 250046 P.O.: Dhupguri Dist. : Jalpaiguri Jalpaiguri Municipality 953561 230050 P.O.: Jalpaiguri FAX: 231069 Dist. : Jalpaiguri 953562 255284 Mal Municipality FAX: 255731 P.O.: Mal Dist. : Jalpaiguri

Collection method MSW Collec MSW Per capita Roadside Name of the Collect tion Total Doorstep Population Generati waste (no. of wards Municipal ion / efficie no. of (no. of wards in 2001 on /day generation covered and Bodies day ncy wards covered and (in MT) (gms/day) collection (in MT) (%) collection schedule) schedule) All Alternate 73,047 18.26 249.98 15.00 82 20 NIL Alipurduar Day 37,998 11.46 300.02 NIL NIL 16 Collection system yet to develop. Dhupguri Jalpaiguri Mal 1,00,300 23,210 40.00 4.00 399.15 172.32 30.00 3.00 75 75 25 16 NIL NIL All - Daily All Daily

Name of the Municipality Collection of MSW MSW Generat Hand ion /day Tricycle Trailer (in MT) cart 18.26 11.46 40.00 4.00 25 NIL NIL 24 NIL 10 02 01 04 Transportation of MSW No. of Truck NIL 04 NIL No. of Tractor 02 01 02 Disposal land New land Existing land identified for for MSW MSW disposal disposal NIL 18.48 Acres NIL 17.50 Acres NIL NIL NIL NIL
Alipurduar Dhupguri Jalpaiguri Mal
Collection system yet to develop

No. of Name of the Municipal Govt. Pvt. Clinic/ Path Municipality HCU HCU HCU labs. Alipurduar Dhupguri Jalpaiguri Mal 22 08 14 07 NIL NIL NIL NIL 01 01 01 01 04 01 03 NIL Total Bed 295 45 675 110 Per day BMW generation in MT (considering 250gms/bed/day) 0.074 0.011 0.170 0.027 Disposal Facility for BMW No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system
49
District : KOLKATA
Three large villages along the east bank of the river Hooghly viz. Sutanuti, Gobindapur and Kalikata were bought by the British from the local landlords and they together constituted the town Calcutta. In 1772, Robert Clive defeated Nawab Siraj-ud-daullah in the battle of Plassey and Calcutta became the capital of British India. Then, the Capital of India shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1912. In 1947, when India gained freedom and the country got partitioned between India and Pakistan, Calcutta was included in the Indian part of Bengal, and it became the capital city of the state of West Bengal. Few years ago Calcutta renamed as 'Kolkata'. Today Kolkata forms the commercial and industrial hub of eastern India as well as a major port, situated on the right bank of the river Hooghly (about 150 kms. upstream from the Bay of Bengal). The climate of Kolkata is warm and humid most of the year with seasonal rainfall (June-September). Kolkata is one of the biggest and flourishing cities with a cosmopolitan atmosphere serving as the center for culture and politics in West Bengal.
50
Municipal Bodies
Kolkata district, mainly the jurisdiction of Kolkata Municipal Corporation, covers an area of 187.33sq. km. with total municipal population strength 45,80,544 (as per Census-2001 Report, but there is a major nos. of floating population). Per day more than 2,700 MT of MSW generated in Kolkata. MSW is collected daily from roadside bins and also from house-to-house and it dumped into the Dhapa Dumping ground. KMC recently identified a new land near Dhapa for scientific disposal of MSW in future. Treatment & disposal of Bio-medical waste generated from 342 nos. Nursing Homes/Hospitals (bed strength 25,751) and 459 nos. clinics and pathological units. in KMC areas are done through a CBMWTDF developed by M/s. SembRamky Environmental Management Pvt. Ltd. (details of the facility is given in next Chapter).

Name & Address of the Municipality Kolkata Municipal Corporation 5, S. N. Banerjee Road Kolkata 700 013. Phone/FAX No. 2286 1111 / 1211 FAX: 2286 1311 Population Population Total area in 1991 in 2001 (in sq. km.) 43,99,819 45,80,544 187.33 Population Municipal density/ category sq. km. 24,452 Metro city

Name of the Municipal Bodies Kolkata Municipal Corporation Collection method MSW Per capita MSW Collecti Doorstep Road side Total Population Generati waste on Collecti no. of (no. of wards (no. of wards in 2001 on /day generation on /day efficien covered and wards covered and (in MT) (gms/day) (in MT) cy (%) collection collection schedule) schedule) Road side 45,80,544 2700.00 589.45 2640.00 98 141 All - Daily Containers & open vats - Daily

Transportation Collection of MSW Disposal land of MSW MSW Name of the New land Generati Trailer, Refuse Existing land Municipality Hand No. of No. of identified on /day Tricycle Collector, for MSW (in MT) cart Truck Tractor for MSW Dumper Placer disposal disposal Two Sites, Kolkata Municipal 2700.00 250 6,450 10 - 04 - 73 269 10 Area 69.73 211.63 Acres Corporation Acres

No. of Per day BMW Clinic/P Municipal Govt. Pvt. Total generation in MT Disposal Facility for BMW ath HCU HCU HCU Bed (considering 250gms/bed/day) labs. Through Common Facility, Kolkata Municipal provided by SembRamky 459 05 49 293 25,751 6.44 Environmental Corporation Management Pvt. Ltd. Name of the Municipality
51
District : MALDA
The district Malda maintains its tradition of past culture and education. Along with agriculture, sericulture and mango cultivation yields rich dividends for its inhabitants. Malda district covers an area of 3,733 sq.km. and has a population strength of 32,90,160 in 2001. Fertile soil together with the benefits of river water helps in the optimum utilization of land for agricultural activities but during rainy season some of the area flooded by river water. Malda lies just east of the confluence of the Mahananda and Kalindri rivers and is part of the English Bazar urban agglomeration. The town rose to prominence as the river port of the Hindu capital of Pandua. During the 18th century it was the seat of prosperous cotton and silk industries. It remains an important distributing centre for rice, jute, and wheat. Rice, jute, legumes, and oilseeds are the chief crops of the surrounding area. Mulberry plantations and mango orchards occupy large areas; mango trade and silk manufacture being the main economic activities.
Municipal Bodies Total 2 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, namely, Old Malda & English Bazar. Together they cover an area of 22.83 sq. km. and have total municipal population strength of 2,24,392. They produce 47.1 MT of MSW per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 12 nos.
52
health care units (bed strength 658) and 24 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facilities for scientific treatment/disposal of biomedical waste.

Name & Address of the Phone/FAX No. Municipality English Bazar Municipality P.O.: English Bazar Dist. : Malda Old Malda Municipality P.O. : Old Malda Dist. : Malda Population in 1991 Total Population Population in area density/ 2001 (in sq. sq. km. km.) 1,61,448 13.25 12,185 Municipal category
953512 252029 FAX: 253329 953512 260540 FAX: 260235
1,39,204
Class I
13,021
62,944
9.58
6,570
Class II

MSW MSW Collec Per capita Name of the Populati Genera Total Collect tion waste Municipal on in tion / ion / efficie no. of generation Bodies 2001 wards day day ncy (gms/day) (in MT) (in MT) (%) English Bazar Old Malda 1,61,448 33.90 62,944 13.20 209.97 210.00 33.00 13.00 97 98 25 17 Collection method Doorstep (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) All - Daily NIL Roadside (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) NIL All Daily

Collection of MSW Transportation of MSW Disposal land MSW New land Name of the Generati Existing land Hand No. of identified Municipality on /day Tricycle Trailer No. of Tractor for MSW cart Truck for MSW (in MT) disposal disposal NIL 50 06 NIL 02 3.50 Acres 11.66 Acres English Bazar 33.90 Old Malda 13.20 NIL 38 04 NIL 01 NIL NIL

No. of Name of the Municipal Clinic/Pat Municipality HCU h labs. English Bazar Old Malda 22 01 01 NIL Govt. HCU Pvt. HCU Total Bed Per day BMW generation in MT (considering 250gms/bed/day) 0.17 0.006 Disposal Facility for BMW They have separate collection system for BMW No separate collection or disposal system
01 01
09 01
673 25
53
District: EAST MIDNAPORE
The District Midnapore is the land of Vidyasagar, a great social reformer and educationalist and it also a land of patriotic movement during Indias freedom struggle. Few years ago the Midnapore district was divided into two separate districts, viz. East Midnapore (Purba Medinipur) and West Midnapore (Paschim Medinipur) district. The East Midnapore District with Haldia as one of the prominent ports in Eastern India, has developed an industrial hub of Bengal. The Digha region of this district with its beautiful sandy beaches has also become one of the preferred tourist destinations in West Bengal. Tamluk, Mahishadal, Geonkhali, Maynagarh etc. also have great tourism potential. Scenic beauty of rivers in Haldia and Geonkhali, old palaces and temples of Mahishadal, age-old Tamralipta Palace, Bargabhima Temple are the other assets of this district.
Municipal Bodies Purba Medinipur district have 5 municipal bodies, namely Contai (Kanthi), Egra, Haldia, Panskura & Tamluk altogether covers an area of 183.92 sq. km. with total municipal population strength 3,69,276. They total produce per day 98.3 MT of MSW excluding bio-medical wastes,
54
generated by 52 nos. health care units (bed strength 1,102) and 123 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facilities for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.

Name & Address of the Phone/FAX No. Municipality Contai Municipality P.O.: Contai Dist. : PurbaMedinipur Egra Municipality P.O.: Egra Dist. : PurbaMedinipur Haldia Municipality City Center, Debhog Dist.: Purba Medinipur Panskura Municipality P.O.: Panskura Dist. : PurbaMedinipur Tamluk Municipality P.O.: Tamluk Dist. : PurbaMedinipur 953220 255017 FAX: 953220 255 599 953220 244371 FAX : 244 371 953224 252996 FAX: 953224 252154 953228 252312 953228 266007 FAX: 953228 267370 Population Population Total area in 1991 in 2001 (in sq. km.) 53,484 21,000 1,00,347 49,818 77,497 25,180 1,70,695 50,078 14.25 17.21 120.00 17.04 Population Municipal density/ category sq. km. 5,438 1,463 1,422 2,939 Class II Class III Class I Class II
38,688
45,826
15.42
2,972
Class III

MSW Per capita Name of the Genera Population waste Municipal tion / in 2001 generation Bodies day (gms/day) (in MT) Contai Egra Haldia Panskura Tamluk 77,497 25,180 1,70,695 50,078 45,826 16.30 8.00 50.00 12.00 12.00 210.33 317.71 292.92 239.63 261.86 MSW Collec Total Collect tion ion / efficie no. of wards day ncy (in MT) (%) 16.00 6.00 32.00 NIL 10.00 98 75 64 NIL 83 18 14 25 17 26 Collection method Doorstep Road side (no. of wards (no. of wards covered and covered and collection collection schedule) schedule) NIL All-Alternate Day All Alternate NIL Day All - Alternate NIL Day Yet to Start NIL All-Daily

Collection of MSW MSW Name of the Generat Municipality ion /day Hand Tricycle Trailer (in MT) cart Contai Egra Haldia Panskura Tamluk 16.30 8.00 50.00 12.00 12.00 NIL NIL NIL 02 75 20 15 30 06 01 04 03 Transportation of MSW No. of Truck 03 NIL 01 01 No. of Tractor 06 01 04 03 Disposal land Existing land for MSW disposal 2.00 Acres NIL 4.00 Acres 0.01 Acres New land identified for MSW disposal NIL NIL NIL 5.00 Acres 0.19 Acres
No Transport Facility is Available Here
55

No. of Name of the Clinic/P Municipality ath labs. Contai 40 Municipal HCU NIL Govt. HCU 01 Pvt. HCU 11 Total Bed 212 Per day BMW generation in MT (considering 250gms/bed/day) 0.053 Disposal Facility for BMW
No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection 12 NIL 01 09 144 0.036 Egra or disposal system No separate collection 12 NIL 03 07 260 0.065 Haldia or disposal system No separate collection 09 NIL NIL 05 39 0.009 Panskura or disposal system No separate collection 50 NIL 01 14 444 0.111 Tamluk or disposal system * the Common facility for treatment, storage, disposal for HW and BMW at Haldia will handle the Health care wastes generated from these health care units.
56
District: WEST MIDNAPORE
At the time of division of Midnapore District, the bigger part was named as Paschim Medinipur or West Midnapore District. The Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur, inaugurated by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad in August 18, 1951 is one of the Indias premier institutions for advanced research in the field of science and technology, where students from different states flock together. Jhargram, a place known for its scenic beauty also attracts tourists from different parts of India.
Municipal Bodies Paschim Medinipur district have 8 nos. municipal bodies, namely Chandrakona, Ghatal, Jhargram, Kharagpur, Kharar, Kshirpai, Medinipur & Ramjibanpur altogether covers an area of
57
129.34 sq. km. with total municipal population strength 5,31,966. They total produce per day 214.31 MT of MSW excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 73 nos. health care units (bed strength 2,154) and 51 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facilities for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.

Name & Address of the Municipality Phone/ FAX No. Total Population Population Population area Municipal density/ in 1991 in 2001 category (in sq. sq. km. km.) 16,804 20,400 16.50 1,236 Class III 43,770 42,094 1,77,989 10,314 12,199 1,25,498 14,904 51,586 53,158 2,07,984 11,580 14,545 1,53,349 17,363 10.31 17.04 35.53 10.26 11.65 18.36 10.00 5,159 3,120 5,854 1,129 1,248 8,352 1,736 Class II Class II Class I Class IV Class IV Class I Class IV
Chandrakona Municipality 953225 266221 P.O.: Chandrakona Dist. : Paschim Medinipur 953225 255059 Ghatal Municipality FAX: 255059 PO. Ghatal Dist. : Paschim Medinipur 953221 255021 Jhargram Municipality FAX: 255098 P.O.: Jhargram Dist. : Paschim Medinipur Kharagpur Municipality 953222 275347 P.O.: Kharagpur - I FAX: 255347 Dist. : Paschim Medinipur Kharar Municipality 953473 258230 P.O.: Kharar Dist. : Paschim Medinipur Kshirpai Municipality 953225 260223 P.O.: Kshirpai Dist. : Paschim Medinipur Midnapore Municipality 953222 262384 P.O.: Midnapore FAX: 266483 Dist. : Paschim Medinipur Ramjibanpur Municipality 953225 269223 P.O.: Ramjibanpur Dist. : Paschim Medinipur

Collection method MSW MSW Collec Per capita Doorstep Road side Name of the Total Genera Collect tion Population waste (no. of wards (no. of wards Municipal tion / ion / efficie no. of in 2001 generation covered and Bodies wards covered and day day ncy (gms/day) collection collection (in MT) (in MT) (%) schedule) schedule) 20,400 5.00 245.10 4.00 80 12 NIL All Alternate Day Chandrakona Ghatal Jhargram Kharagpur Kharar Kshirpai Midnapore Ramjibanpur 51,586 53,158 2,07,984 11,580 14,545 1,53,349 17,363 10.31 15.00 80.00 4.00 4.00 92.00 4.00 199.86 282.18 384.64 345.42 275.01 599.94 230.37 7.43 14.00 65.00 1.00 2.00 60.00 NIL 72 93 81 25 50 65 NIL 17 17 30 10 10 24 11 NIL 2 - Daily 29 - Daily NIL NIL 2 - Daily All - Daily 15 - Daily 1 - Daily All Alternate Day All Alternate Day 22 Alternate Day Not yet started
58
Table III: MSW transportation and disposal status

Collection of MSW MSW Name of the Generatio Municipality n /day Hand Tricycle Trailer (in MT) cart Chandrakona Ghatal Jhargram Kharagpur Kharar Kshirpai Midnapore Ramjibanpur 5.00 10.31 15.00 80.00 4.00 4.00 92.00 4.00 NIL NIL 05 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 03 12 11 116 04 06 96 05 01 01 03 03 NIL NIL 01 01 Transportation of MSW No. of Truck NIL NIL NIL 01 NIL NIL 02 NIL No. of Tractor 01 01 03 03 NIL NIL 01 01 Disposal land New land Existing land identified for for MSW MSW disposal disposal NIL NIL 3.00 Acres 0.5 Acres NIL NIL 5.497 Acres NIL NIL 3.16 Acres NIL NIL NIL NIL
Transport System yet to Develop

No. of Name of the Municipal Clinic/Pa Municipality HCU th labs. Chandrakona Ghatal Jhargram Kharagpur Kharar Kshirpai Midnapore Ramjibanpur NIL 40 30 10 01 02 50 03 NIL NIL NIL 01 NIL NIL NIL NIL Govt. HCU 01 01 01 02 NIL 01 03 01 Pvt. HCU 01 25 06 13 NIL NIL 17 NIL Total Bed 65 424 316 456 NIL 10 9,240 10 Per day BMW generation in MT (considering 250gms/bed/day) 0.016 0.11 0.079 0.11 NIL 0.002 0.23 0.002 Disposal Facility for BMW No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system
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District : MURSHIDABAD
The district originally called Makhsudabad was the home of Nawabs. In 1704, the nawab of Bengal Murshid Quli Khan transferred his capital to here from Dacca (now Dhaka) and renamed it as Murshidabad. The district with Berhampore as the headquarter, covers an area of 5,324 sq.km. and has a population strength of 58,63,717 (Census-2001). The district is known for its rich tradition of culture and education; with agriculture being the primary activity. Sericulture(Silk)
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and mango trade are the chief source of income and boosts the economic growth of this district. The city of Murshidabad, lying east of river Bhagirathi is an important agricultural and silkweaving center. The district also attracts tourists for its historical monuments.
Municipal Bodies
Total 7 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, namely, Beldanga, Berhampore, Dhulian, Jangipur, Jiaganj-Azimganj, Kandi, and Murshidabad. Together they cover an area of 92 sq. km. and have total municipal population strength of 4,67,366. They produce 159.55MT of MSW per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 39 nos. health care units (bed strength 2,154) and 51 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facilities for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.

Name & Address of the Municipality Phone /FAX No. Population Population Total area in 1991 in 2001 (in sq. km.) 20,249 1,15,144 33,191 55,981 25,361 1,60,168 72,906 74,464 4.00 31.00 6.00 8.00 Population Municipal density/ category sq. km. 6,340 5,167 12,151 9,308 Class III Class I Class II Class II
Beldanga Municipality 953482 264113 P.O.: Beldanga FAX: 264113 Dist. : Murshidabad Berhampore Municipality 953482 250012 P.O.: Berhampore FAX: 251299 Dist. : Murshidabad Dhuliyan Municipality 953485 265233 / PO.: Dhuliyan 266133 Dist. : Murshidabad Jangipur Municipality 953483 266074 P.O.: Raghunathganj FAX: 266017 Dist. : Murshidabad Jiaganj - Azimganj 953483 253222 Municipality P.O.: Azimganj Dist. : Murshidabad Kandi Municipality 953484 255424 P.O.: Kandi FAX: 255783 Dist. : Murshidabad Murshidabad 953482 270232 / Municipality 271513 P.O.: Murshidabad Dist. : Murshidabad
42,104
47,228
14.00
3,373
Class III
39,652
50,345
13.00
3,873
Class II
30327
36894
16.00
2306
Class III

MSW MSW Collec Per capita Name of the Genera Collect tion Total Population waste Municipal tion / ion / efficie no. of in 2001 generation Bodies day day ncy wards (gms/day) (in MT) (in MT) (%) Beldanga Berhampore Dhuliyan 25,361 1,60,168 72,906 25.00 33.60 10.00 985.77 210.00 137.16 24.00 33.00 8.00 96 98 80 14 23 19 Collection method Doorstep (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) NIL NIL NIL Roadside (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) All Weekly All Daily All Daily
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MSW MSW Collec Per capita Name of the Genera Collect tion Total Population waste Municipal tion / ion / efficie no. of in 2001 generation Bodies day day ncy wards (gms/day) (in MT) (in MT) (%) Jangipur Jiaganj Azimganj Kandi Murshidabad 74,464 47,228 50,345 36,894 51.95 9.00 16.00 14.00 697.65 190.56 317.81 379.47 51.00 8.00 14.00 13.00 98 89 88 93 20 17 17 16
Collection method Doorstep (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) NIL NIL 08 - Daily NIL Roadside (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) All - Daily All - Daily 09 - Daily All Alternate Day

Collection of MSW MSW Name of the Generation Municipality Hand /day Tricycle Trailer (in MT) cart Beldanga Berhampore Dhuliyan Jangipur Jiaganj Azimganj Kandi Murshidabad 25.00 33.60 10.00 51.95 9.00 16.00 14.00 NIL 200 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 14 NIL 20 20 22 30 18 03 14 01 03 02 03 Transportation of MSW No. of Truck NIL 01 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL No. of Tractor 03 08 01 03 02 03 18 Disposal land Existing land for MSW disposal NIL 2.19 Acres NIL 1.00 Acres 4.00 Acres 1.33 Acres 6.66 Acres 1.16 Acres New land identified for MSW disposal
03

Name of the Municipality Beldanga Berhampore Dhuliyan Jangipur Jiaganj Azimganj Kandi Murshidabad No. of Clinic/ Municipal Govt. Total Pvt. HCU Path HCU HCU Bed labs. 03 11 02 04 03 07 09 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 02 03 01 01 02 01 01 NIL 18 NIL 02 01 02 04 55 969 15 270 50 260 275 Per day BMW generation in MT (considering 250gms/bed/day) 0.014 0.242 0.004 0.068 0.013 0.065 0.069 Disposal Facility for BMW No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system
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District : NADIA
Gayeshpur
The district Nadia, which is the land of Gouranga Mahaprabhu and Baishnav religion, is also famous for its Tant (Hand-mill). The district with its administrative headquarters at Krishnanagar just South of Jalangi River cover an area of 3,927 sq.km. and has a population strength of 46,03,756 as per Census-2001. Apart from Tant, the district is also famous for the manufacture of earthen sculptures, specially coloured clay figures. Sugar milling is one of the major industries of this district. Kalyani, a well-planned city of this district, is one of the important industrial zones in West Bengal.
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Municipal Bodies
Total 10 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, 8 of them are municipalities, namely Birnagar, Chakdaha, Gayeshpur, Kalyani, Krishnanagar, Nabadwip, Ranaghat and Santipur and 2 nos. Notified Area Authorities, namely Coopers Camp and Taherpur. Kalyani and Gayeshpur municipality situated within the KMA and others in outside KMA. 10 nos. municipal bodies together cover an area of 139.60 sq.km. and have total municipal population strength of 7,49,443. They produce 200.91MT of MSW per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 50 nos. health care units (bed strength 3,478) and 62 nos. clinics and pathological units. In Kalyani municipal area JNM Hospital (State Govt. Hospital) have a Autoclave, which is utilizing as a common treatment facility for BMW generated in Kalyani municipal areas and recently another full-fledged CBMWTDF is setting up by a private operator at Kalyani municipal area for treatment and disposal of BMW generated by the health care units situated within entire KMA.

Name & Address of the Municipality Birnagar Municipality P.O.: Birnagar Dist. : Nadia Chakdaha Municipality P.O.: Chakdaha Dist. : Nadia Phone/ FAX No. 953473 260227 953473 242023 FAX: 242023 Population Population Population Total area Municipal density/ sq. in 1991 in 2001 (in sq. km.) category km. 20,015 74,769 26,596 86,965 5.52 15.36 4,818 5,662 Class III Class II
2589 8579 Gayeshpur Municipality FAX: 2589 PO. Kataganj 9614 Dist. : Nadia Kalyani Municipality P.O.: Kalyani Dist. : Nadia Krihsnanagar Municipality P.O.: Krishannagar Dist. : Nadia Nabadwip Municipality Netaji Subhas Road Dist. : Nadia Ranaghat Municipality P.O.: Ranaghat Dist. : Nadia Santipur Municipality P.O.: Santipur Dist. : Nadia Coopers Camp Notified Area Authority P.O.: Ranaghat Dist. : Nadia Taherpur Notified Area Authority P.O.: Taherpur Dist. : Nadia 2582 8455 / 9569 FAX: 2582 8630 953472 252926 FAX: 252455
52,158
55,028
23.00
2,393
Class II
55,579
81,984
29.14
2,813
Class II
1,21,110
1,39,070
15.96
8,714
Class I
953472 240008 953473 210030 FAX : 210029 953472 278029 FAX: 277170 953473 258230 953473 260250 / 277
1,25,037 62,532 1,09,956
1,15,036 68,754 1,38,195
11.25 7.72 25.4
10,225 8,906 5,441
Class I Class II Class I Notified area Notified area
16,000
17,755
1.5
11,837
19,000
20,060
4.75
4,223
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Name of the Municipal Bodies Birnagar Chakdaha Gayeshpur Kalyani Krihsnanagar Nabadwip Ranaghat Santipur Taherpur Collection method MSW MSW Collec Per capita Doorstep Populati Genera Collect tion Total Road side waste on in tion / ion / efficie no. of (no. of wards (no. of wards covered generation 2001 day day ncy wards covered and and collection (gms/day) collection (in MT) (in MT) (%) schedule) schedule) 26,596 5.60 210.56 1.00 18 14 NIL All - Daily 86,965 55,028 81,984 18.26 11.60 30.00 209.97 210.80 365.93 244.48 209.93 290.89 361.81 174.60 209.37 2.00 11.00 29.00 24.00 3.58 19.00 42.00 1.50 1.00 11 95 97 71 15 95 84 48 24 20 18 19 24 24 19 23 12 13 NIL NIL 3 - Daily 2 - Daliy All - Daily 5 - Daily NIL NIL NIL All - Daily All - Alternate Day 16 - Twice in a Week 22 - Daily NIL 14 - Daily All - Daily All - Alternate Day All - Daily
1,39,070 34.00 1,15,036 24.15 68,754 20.00 3.10 4.02 1,38,195 50.00 20,060
Coopers Camp 17,755

Name of the Municipality Birnagar Chakdaha Gayeshpur Kalyani Krihsnanagar Nabadwip Ranaghat Santipur Coopers Camp Taherpur Collection of MSW MSW Generat Hand ion /day Tricycle Trailer (in MT) cart 5.60 18.26 11.60 30.00 34.00 24.15 20.00 50.00 3.10 4.02 03 NIL 18 19 30 30 19 NIL 08 01 NIL 08 NIL 05 110 50 02 10 NIL NIL 01 01 04 05 04 06 06 05 01 NIL Transportation of MSW No. of Truck NIL NIL NIL NIL 01 NIL 01 01 NIL NIL Disposal land New land No. of Existing land for identified for Tractor MSW disposal MSW disposal 01 01 04 05 04 06 06 05 01 NIL NIL 0.63 Acres NIL 6.00 Acres 3.50 Acres 49.9 Acres 2.09 Acres 2.09 Acres NIl NIl 8.33 Acres 4.3 Acres NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 0.28 Acres
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Name of the Municipality Birnagar Chakdaha Gayeshpur Kalyani Krihsnanagar Nabadwip Ranaghat Santipur Coopers Camp Taherpur No. of Clinic/P Municipal Govt. Pvt. ath HCU HCU HCU labs. NIL 05 04 03 17 15 11 06 01 NIL NIL NIL 01 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 01 02 02 01 01 NIL 01 NIL 01 01 03 NIL 12 11 04 07 01 NIL NIL Total Bed 10 116 1173 967 610 176 74 141 NIL 10 Per day BMW generation in MT Disposal Facility for BMW (considering 250gms/bed/day) No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection 0.029 or disposal system No separate collection 0.29 or disposal system Through Common Bio-medical waste 0.24 treatment facility at JNM Hospital No separate collection 0.15 or disposal system No separate collection 0.044 or disposal system No separate collection 0.018 or disposal system No separate collection 0.035 or disposal system No considerable quantity of Bio-medical Waste generate here No separate collection 0.002 or disposal system 0.002
Note: A private operator developed a Full-fledged CBMWTDF (it may handle the waste generated from 30,000 bed). They also provide their service for the health care units situated within the entire Nadia district. Details about the facility discussed in the Chapter-IV.
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District : PURULIA
Purulia, a district of tribal culture. Covers an area of 6,259 sq.km. and has a total population strength of 25,35,233 as per Census-2001. Although rich in mineral deposits this district is economically backward as rocky and parched land covering large portion of this district render cultivation tough, throughout the year. Chhau Dance, a traditional folk dance of Bengal has its origin from this district. Purulia town situated north of the Kasai River, a major road and rail junction, also serves as the headquarter of the Purulia District. Oilseed milling, silk and cotton weaving, shellac manufacture are the major industries. Ayodhya Hill is an important tourist spot of this district. A dam across the Kasai River plays the dual role of flood mitigation and irrigation for the area.
67
Municipal Bodies
Purulia district have only 3 nos. municipal bodies, namely Purulia, Raghunathpur, Jhalda altogether covers an area of 30 sq.km. with total municipal population strength 1,53,448. They total produce per day 23.40 MT of MSW excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 7 nos. health care units (bed strength 624) and 18 nos. clinics and pathological units. At present there are no facility for scientific treatment and disposal of bio-medical waste.

Name & Address of the Municipality Purulia Municipality P.O.: Purulia Dist. : Purulia Jhalda Municipality P.O.: Jhalda Dist. : Purulia Raghunathpur Municipality P.O.: Raghunathpur Dist. : Purulia Phone/FAX No. 953252 222409 FAX: 223688 953254 255219 953251 255227 Population Population Total area (in sq. km.) in 1991 in 2001 92,386 17,217 1,13,766 17,870 8.00 9.00 Population Municipal density/ sq. category km. 14,221 1,986 Class I Class IV
19,187
21,812
13.00
1,678
Class III

MSW Per capita Name of the Genera Population waste Municipal tion / in 2001 generation Bodies day (gms/day) (in MT) Purulia Jhalda Raghunathpur 1,13,766 17,870 21,812 15.00 3.80 4.60 131.85 212.65 210.89 MSW Collec Collec tion Total tion / efficie no. of day ncy wards (in MT) (%) 14.00 3.00 4.00 93 78 87 22 12 13 Collection method Doorstep Road side (no. of wards (no. of wards covered and covered and collection collection schedule) schedule) 3 Alternate Day 19 - Daily All Alternate NIL Day NIL All - Daily

Collection of MSW MSW Name of the Generat Municipality ion /day Hand Tricycle Trailer (in MT) cart Purulia Jhalda Raghunathpur 15.00 3.80 4.60 12 NIL NIL 20 11 08 06 02 01 Transportation of MSW No. of Truck 01 NIL 01 No. of Tractor 03 02 01 Disposal land Existing land New land for MSW identified for disposal MSW disposal 2.50 Acres NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

Name of the Municipality Purulia Jhalda Raghunathpur No. of Clinic/P Municipal ath HCU labs. 09 06 03 NIL 01 01 NIL Govt. HCU 01 Pvt. HCU 04 Total Bed 546 NIL 78 0.019 Per day BMW generation in MT (considering 250gms/bed/day) 0.14 Disposal Facility for BMW No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system
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District: NORTH 24 PARGANAS
Bhatpara Garulia North Barrackpore
Madhyamgram Panihati New Barrackpore Kamarhati North Dum Dum
South Dum Dum Bidhannagar
It is a district with densely populated urban fringe of the metropolitan city of Kolkata with already built Salt Lake City and the up-coming new city at Rajarhat and the remote riverine villages in the Sundarbans. It covers an area of 14,052 sq.km. and has a population strength of 89,30,295 (Census-2001). Among the major industries jute and rice mills, sawmills, and hosiery goods manufacturing, chemical industries, etc. are notable.
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Municipal Bodies
North 24-Parganas district has maximum numbers of municipal bodies. Out of total 27 nos. municipal bodies, 20 nos. are situated within KMA namely, Baranagar, Barasat, Barrackpore, Bidhannagar, Bhatpara, Dum Dum, Garulia, Halisahar, Kamarhati, Madhyamgram, Naihati, New Barrackpore, North Dum Dum, North Barrackpore, Panihati, Titagarh, South Dum Dum, Kanchrapara, Khardah, Rajarhat-Gopalpur and rest 7nos. are outside KMA namely, Ashoknagar-Kalyangarh, Baduria, Basirhat, Bongaon, Gobardanga, Habra, Taki. Among 20 nos. Municipal body in KMA 12 nos. are situated nearer the eastern bank of river Hooghly. Total Municipal area of 27 nos. municipal bodies is 429.893 sq.km. with total municipal population strength 46,10,019. They total produce per day 2,133.54 MT of MSW excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 216 nos. health care units (bed strength 6,250) and 319 nos. clinics and pathological units. Some Municipality have already taken some initiative for developing separate collection system for BMW generated from respective municipal areas and recently a CBMWTDF developed by a private operator at Kalyani area, which provide the collection, treatment and disposal services for the BMW generated in this district.

Name & Address of the Municipality Phone/FAX No. Total Population Population Population area Municipal density/ in 1991 in 2001 category (in sq. sq. km. km.) 96,747 1,11,475 16.50 6,756 Class I
Ashoknagar-Kalyangarh 953216 258125 Municipality FAX: 953216 257454 P.O.: Ashoknagar Dist: North 24 Parganas Baduria Municipality 953217 237 245 P.O.: Baduria FAX: 953217 238 460 Dist: North 24 Parganas Baranagar Municipality 2577 6595/ 0012 87, Deshbandhu Road, FAX: 2577 1071 P.O.: Alambazar Kolkata- 700035 Barasat Municipality Rishi Bankim Chatterjee St. 2552 3211 / 2562 P.O.: Barasat Dist. : North 24 Pgs Barrackpore Municipality 2592 0221 / 5565 B.T. Road FAX: 2592 2679 P.O.: Talpukur Dist. : North 24 Parganas Basirhat Municipality 953217 265224 P.O.: Basirhat Dist: North 24 Parganas 2581 2082 Bhatpara Municipality FAX.: 2581 1381 P.O.: Bhatpara Dist. : North 24 Parganas Bidhannagar Municipality 2334 9540 / 2492 415A, FD Block, FAX : 2358 4235 Salt Lake City Kolkata- 700 091
41,762
47,418
12.00
3,952
Class III
2,24,821
2,50,615
7.12
35,199
Class I
1,02,660
2,31,515
34.50
6,711
Class I
1,33,265
1,44,331
11.68
12,357
Class I
1,01,409 3,04,952
1,13,120 4,41,956
8.50 31.00
13,308 14,257
Class I Class I
1,00,048
1,67,848
33.50
5,010
Class I
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Name & Address of the Municipality
Phone/FAX No.
Total Population Population Population area Municipal density/ in 1991 in 2001 category (in sq. sq. km. km.) 79,571 1,02,115 24.70 4,134 Class I
Bongaon Municipality 953215 255021 P.O.: Bongaon Dist: North 24 Parganas Dum Dum Municipality 2551 3017 Post Office Road, FAX: 2549 5214 P.O.: Dum Dum Kolkata- 700 028 Garulia Municipality 25615061 / 2535 P.O.: Garulia FAX : 2540 8432 Dist. : North 24 Parganas Gobardanga Municipality 953216 249 436 P.O.: Gobardanga Dist: North 24 Parganas Habra Municipality 953216 237 031 P.O.: Habra Dist: North 24 Parganas 2588 8414 / 2585 Halisahar Municipality FAX: 2585 0226 P.O.: Halisahar Dist. : North 24 Parganas Kamarhati Municipality 2564 9580 1, M.M. Feeder Road, FAX: 2564 1361 Rathtala, Kolkata- 700 056 Kanchrapara Municipality 2585 7405 / 4115 42, Lenin Sarani FAX: 2585 8247 P.O.: Kanchrapara Dist: North 24 Parganas Khardah Municipality 2553 3060 P.O.: Khardah FAX: 2563 1171 Dist: North 24 Parganas Madhyamgram Municipality 2538 3683 / 0203 Sodepur Road, FAX: 2538 6442 P.O.: Madhyamgram Kolkata- 700 129 Naihati Municipality 2581 2098 1, R.B.C.Road FAX: 2581 2098 PO. Naihati Dist. : North 24 Parganas New Barrackpore Municipality 2537 5408 Ashutosh Mukherjee Road FAX: 25378 1006 P.O.: New Barrackpore Dist. : North 24 Parganas North Barrackpore 2592 0429 / Municipality 2593 2028 P.O.: Barrackpore FAX: 2592 6004 Dist. : North 24 Parganas North Dum Dum Municipality 2514 2101/ 2494 M. B. Road, FAX: 2514 2990 P.O.: Birati Kolkata- 700 051 Panihati Municipality 2553 2909 / 4457 B. T. Road Road, FAX: 2553 1487 P.O.: Panihati Dist. : North 24 Parganas
40,961
1,01,319
9.728
10,415
Class I
80,918 35,939 1,00,223 1,14,028 2,66,889
76,309 41,618 1,27,695 1,24,498 3,14,334
6.475 10.00 21.49 8.29 10.90
11,785 4,162 5,942 15,018 28,838
Class II Class III Class I Class I Class I
1,00,194
1,26,118
9.07
13,905
Class I
88,358
1,16,252
6.87
16,922
Class I
1,07,000
1,55,503
21.50
7,233
Class I
1,32,701
2,15,432
9.85
21,871
Class I
63,795
83,183
16.58
5,017
Class II
1,00,606
1,23,523
12.22
10,108
Class I
1,49,965
2,20,032
26.00
8,463
Class I
2,75,990
3,48,379
19.38
17,976
Class I
71
Name & Address of the Municipality South Dum Dum Municipality P.O.: Nager Bazar Kolkata- 700074 Taki Municipality P.O.: Taki Dist: North 24 Parganas Titagarh Municipality B.T. Road P.O.: Titagarh Dist. : North 24 Parganas Rajarhat Gopalpur Municipality P.O.: Raghunathpur Kolkata- 700 059
Phone/FAX No.
Total Population Population Population area Municipal density/ in 1991 in 2001 category (in sq. sq. km. km.) 2,32,811 3,92,150 17.80 22,031 Class I
2551 2743 / 2357 FAX: 2559 8388 953217 234481 FAX: 953217 234481 2501 0359 FAX: 2501 7736 2500 5505 FAX: 2500 7560
30,421
37,302
13.00
2,869
Class III
1,14,085
1,24,198
3.24
38,333
Class I
1,72,000
2,71,781
28.00
9,706
Class I

Name of the Municipal Bodies AshoknagarKalyangarh Baduria Baranagar Barasat Barrackpore Basirhat Bhatpara Bidhannagar Bongaon Dum Dum Garulia Gobardanga Habra Halisahar Kamarhati Kanchrapara Khardah Madhyamgram Collect MSW Per capita MSW Total ion Population Generati waste Collecti efficie no. of in 2001 on /day generation on /day ncy wards (in MT) (gms/day) (in MT) (%) 96,747 41,762 2,24,821 2,31,515 1,44,331 1,01,409 4,41,956 1,00,048 79,571 1,01,319 76,309 41,618 1,00,223 1,14,028 3,14,334 1,00,194 88,358 1,07,000 20.00 20.00 140.00 72.00 28.00 18.00 220.00 150.00 20.42 45.00 35.00 5.00 45.00 37.00 278.32 60.00 70.00 65.00 179.00 420.00 558.63 310.99 194.00 159.12 497.79 893.67 199.97 444.14 458.66 120.01 352.00 297.19 885.43 475.74 602.14 418.00 10.00 15.00 125.00 52.00 26.00 10.00 180.00 100.00 15.00 44.00 30 3.0 30.00 30.00 150.00 40.00 63.00 60.00 50 75 89 72 93 56 82 67 73 98 86 60 67 81 54 67 90 92 22 17 33 30 24 22 35 23 21 22 21 17 22 23 35 24 21 23 Collection method Doorstep (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) NIL NIL 21 - Daily Road side (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) Daily Daily 12 - Daily
10 - All 20 - All Alternate Alternate Day Day All Alternate NIL Day NIL Daily NIL All - Daily
All Alternate NIL Day 11 - All 11 - All Alternate Alternate Day Day 21 - Daily NIL NIL NIL NIL 28 - All Alternate Day 2 - Daily All Alternate Day All Alternate Day 01 Daily All Daily Daily Daily All - Daily 7 Twice in a week 22 Weekly NIL NIL
72
Name of the Municipal Bodies Naihati New Barrackpore North Barrackpore North Dum Dum Panihati Rajarhat Gopalpur South Dum Dum Taki Titagarh
Collect MSW Per capita MSW Total ion Population Generati waste Collecti efficie no. of in 2001 on /day generation on /day ncy wards (in MT) (gms/day) (in MT) (%) 1,32,701 63,795 1,00,606 2,20,032 2,75,990 1,72,000 2,32,811 37,302 1,14,085 80.00 14.00 40.00 62.00 329.00 92.00 120.00 7.8 60.00 371.35 168.30 323.83 281.00 944.37 338.51 306.01 209.10 483.10 60.00 10.5 38.00 49.00 164.00 87.00 100.00 2.00 50.00 75 75 95 79 50 95 83 26 83 28 19 22 30 35 27 35 16 23
Collection method Doorstep (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) NIL All Alternate Day 12 - Daily Road side (no. of wards covered and collection schedule) All - Daily NIL 10 Alternate Day
12 - All 18 Once in a Alternate Day week NIL Daily All - Daily All - Daily NIL 06 - Daily NIL NIL Daily 17 - Daily

MSW Collection of MSW Name of the Generat Municipality ion /day Hand Trailer (in MT) Tricycle cart AshoknagarKalyangarh Baduria Baranagar Barasat Barrackpore Basirhat Bhatpara Bidhannagar Bongaon Dum Dum Garulia Gobardanga Habra Halisahar Kamarhati Kanchrapara 20.00 20.00 140.00 72.00 28.00 18.00 220.00 150.00 20.42 45.00 35.00 5.00 45.00 37.00 278.32 60.00 11 04 NIL 65 26 NIL NIL 20 35 NIL NIL 07 25 23 NIL 12 04 06 170 35 20 24 65 65 12 30 24 NIL NIL 04 NIL 20 02 NIL 8 05 06 03 16 07 02 03 04 NIL 02 03 13 26 Transportation of MSW No. of Truck NIL NIL 04 01 01 NIL 01 05 NIL 03 NIL NIL NIL NIL 02 01 No. of Tractor 02 NIL 04 05 03 03 04 07 02 03 04 NIL 02 03 13 9 4 Acres NIL 3 Acres NIL 7 Acres 4.00 Acres 5 Acres 12 Acres NIL 7.00 Acres NIL NIL Disposal land Existing land for MSW disposal 2.33 Acres NIL N.A. 1.38 Acres 3 Acres 1 Acres 5.68 Acres 200 Acres NIl NIL 2.08 Acres New land identified for MSW disposal NIL N.A. NIL NIL NIL NIL
73
MSW Collection of MSW Name of the Generat Municipality ion /day Hand Trailer (in MT) Tricycle cart Khardah 70.00 Madhyamgram 65.00 Naihati New Barrackpore North Barrackpore North Dum Dum Panihati Rajarhat -Gopalpur South Dum Dum Taki Titagarh 80.00 14.00 40.00 62.00 329.00 92.00 120.00 7.8 60.00 NIL 48 12 25 NIL 32 40 81 NIL NIL 30 30 55 NIL 45 NIL NIL 06 20 42 23 07 03 07 07 05 06 29 NIL 02 01 06
Transportation of MSW No. of Truck NIL NIL 03 01 02 NIL 01 02 02 NIL 01 No. of Tractor 07 03 03 07 05 06 12 NIL 02 01 06
Disposal land Existing land for MSW disposal 1.83 Acres 4.37 Acres 3.3 Acres 5.00 Acres NIL 1.19 Acres 1.34 Acres NIL NIL NIL 2.5 Acres NIL 12.19 Acres NIL NIL NIL 2 Acres NIL New land identified for MSW disposal NIL NIL NIL

No. of Name of the Municipal Clinic/Pa Municipality HCU th labs. AshoknagarKalyangarh Baduria Baranagar Barasat Barrackpore Basirhat Bhatpara Bidhannagar 20 03 N.A. 32 30 19 10 N.A. 13 30 05 NIL NIL 01 NIL NIL 01 01 01 NIL 01 NIL Govt. HCU 01 01 02 01 03 01 01 02 01 NIL NIL Pvt. HCU 02 NIL 11 13 10 05 07 12 05 06 03 Total Bed 65 60 330 627 509 249 182 668 315 173 12 Per day BMW generation in MT (considering 250gms/bed/day) 0.016 0.015 0.083 0.157 0.127 0.062 0.046 0.167 0.079 0.043 0.003 Disposal Facility for BMW No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system Through Common Biomedical waste treatment facility provided by Medicare Incine (P) Ltd. No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system Through Common Biomedical waste treatment facility provided by Medicare Incine (P) Ltd. No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system
Bongaon Dum Dum Garulia
74
No. of Name of the Municipal Clinic/Pa Municipality HCU th labs. Gobardanga Habra Halisahar Kamarhati Kanchrapara Khardah Madhyamgram Naihati New Barrackpore North Barrackpore North Dum Dum Panihati Rajarhat Gopalpur South Dum Dum Taki Titagarh 04 31 NIL 18 13 10 03 10 08 03 03 06 NIL NIL 05 NIL 01 NIL 01 01 NIL NIL 01 01
Govt. HCU 01 01 NIL 02 01 01 01 01 NIL NIL NIL 01
Pvt. HCU 05 05 NIL 06 01 02 03 09 03 01 01 07
Total Bed 67 171 05 527 241 111 128 225 63 12 50 289
Per day BMW generation in MT (considering 250gms/bed/day) 0.017 0.043 0.0013 0.132 0.060 0.028 0.032 0.056 0.016 0.003 0.012 0.072
Disposal Facility for BMW No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system Separate collection system for BMW No separate collection or disposal system Separate collection system for BMW No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system Partly covered by Common Bio-medical waste treatment facility provided by Medicare Incine (P) Ltd. No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system No separate collection or disposal system
12
01
NIL
17
361
0.090
35 03 02
01 01 01
01 01 NIL
18 01 03
318 61 205
0.079 0.015 0.051
75
District: SOUTH 24 PARGANAS
Pujali
With urban fringe of the metropolitan city of Kolkata, the district South 24 Parganas also has the remote riverine villages in the Sundarbans area. Agriculture and pisciculture are well developed in the district. As in Census-2001 the total population of the district is 69,09,015. Alipore, a southern suburb of Kolkata is the district-headquarter. This district has a portion of world famous mangrove delta and land of Royal Bengal Tiger, Sundarbans, formerly Sunderbunds, vast tract of forest and saltwater swamp forming the lower part of the Ganges Delta, extending about 160 miles (260 km) along the Bay of Bengal from the Hooghly River Estuary (India) to the Meghna River Estuary in Bangladesh. The name Sundarbans is perhaps derived from the term meaning "forest of Sundari," a reference to the large mangrove tree that provides valuable fuel.
76
Municipal Bodies
South 24 Parganas district have 7 nos. municipal bodies, namely Joynagar-Majilpur, Maseshtala, Baruipur, Budge-Budge, Pujali, Rajpur-Sonarpur, Diamond Harbour altogether covers an area of 141.69 sq. km. with total municipal population strength 9,40,453. They total produce per day 195.69 MT of MSW excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 57 nos. health care units (bed strength 1,196) and 57 nos. clinics and pathological units. In Diamond Harbour Municipal area one Microwave installed at D.H. Dist. Hospital by WBHSDP and it is using as a common treatment facility for the health care units situated within this municipal area.

Name & Address of the Municipality Phone/ FAX No. Total Population Population area in 1991 in 2001 (in sq. km.) 37,659 44,964 9.50 Population Municipal density/ category sq. km. 4,733 Class III
Baruipur Municipality 2433 8201 FAX: 2433 0980 PO. Baruipur Dist. : 24 Parganas(S) Budge Budge 2470 1224 / 1885 Municipality 71, ZM. G. Road FAX: 2470 1540 P.O.: Budge - Budge Dist. : 24 Parganas(S) Diamond Harbour 9174 255 346 Municipality P.O.: Diamond Harbour Dist. : 24 Parganas(S) Joynagar Majilpur Municipality 953218 220553 P.O.: Joynagar FAX: 953218 221044 Majilpur Dist. : 24 Parganas(S) Maheshtala 2490 2280 / 1651 Municipality FAX: 2490 9296 P.O.: Maheshtala Dist. : 24 Parganas(S) Pujali Municipality 2482 2267 / 2480 P.O.: Purba FAX : 2482 0252 Nischintapur Dist. : 24 Parganas(S) Rajpur Sonarpur 2477 9245 Municipality FAX: 2477 7996 P.O.: Harinavi Dist. : 24 Parganas(S)
72,951
75,465
9.06
8,329
Class II
30,266
37,238
11.00
3,385
Class III
20,217
23,319
5.81
4,014
Class III
3,08,000
3,89,214
43.00
9,051
Class I
30,000
33,863
8.32
4,070
Class III
60,175
3,36,390
55.00
6,116
Class I
77

Name of the Municipal Bodies Baruipur Budge Budge Diamond Harbour Joynagar Majilpur Maheshtala Pujali Rajpur Sonarpur Collection method MSW Per capita MSW Collect Doorstep Road side Total Genera Population ion waste Collec no. of (no. of wards (no. of wards tion / in 2001 generation tion /day efficien wards covered and covered and day (gms/day) (in MT) cy (%) collection collection (in MT) schedule) schedule) 44,964 10.00 222.40 8.50 85 17 NIL All-Daily 75,465 37,238 23,319 3,89,214 33,863 3,36,390 25.00 10.00 4.90 81.69 4.10 60.00 331.28 268.54 210.13 209.88 121.08 178.36 5.00 6.00 1.00 NIL NIL 32.00 20 60 20 00 00 53 20 16 14 35 15 33 2 - Daily NIL NIL NIL NIL 16 - Daily 18 -Daily All Alternate Day All-Daily Not yet Started Not yet Started 17 -Daily

Name of the Municipality Baruipur Budge - Budge Diamond Harbour Joynagar Majilpur Maheshtala Pujali Collection of MSW Transportation of MSW Disposal land MSW Generat Existing land New land No. of ion /day Tricycle Hand Trailer No. of for MSW identified for cart Truck Tractor (in MT) disposal MSW disposal 10.00 20 NIL NIL 03 NIL 0.5 Acres 2.00 Acres 25.00 10.00 4.90 81.69 4.10 30 55 02 NIL NIL NIL 03 NIL 04 10 NIL NIL 02 01 01 NIL NIL NIL 01 N.A. Collection system yet to develop 02 2.67 Acres 12.75 Acres 3.34 Acres 0.9 Acres 0.29 Acres NIL NIL NIL
Rajpur Sonarpur 60.00

Per day BMW generation in Disposal Facility for BMW MT (considering 250gms/bed/day) No separate collection or 10 NIL NIL 11 116 0.029 Baruipur disposal system No separate collection or 04 NIL NIL 03 13 0.003 Budge - Budge disposal system Through Common BioDiamond medical waste treatment 16 NIL 01 11 210 0.053 facility (Microwave) at D.H. Harbour S.D. Hospital Joynagar No separate collection or 10 01 NIL 08 60 0.015 disposal system Majilpur Partly covered by NIL 01 01 05 361 0.090 CBMWTDF-Howrah provided Maheshtala by a Private Operator. No Health care units are situated under the municipal jurisdiction. Therefore no Bio-medical Pujali waste generate here. Partly covered by 17 01 01 11 199 0.049 CBMWTDF-Howrah provided Rajpur Sonarpur by a Private Operator. Name of the Municipality Total Bed No. of Clinic/P Municipal Govt. Pvt. ath HCU HCU HCU labs.
78
CHAPTER IV
PRESENT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN WEST BENGAL
4.1. Municipal Solid Waste Management 4.2. Bio-Medical Waste Management
79
4.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management

Generation
a) There are 126 nos. municipal
Total nos. of Municipal bodies in the State 126 Nos.
Nos. of Municipal Corporation within KMA . 3 Nos.
Kolkata Municipal Corporation, Kolkata Howrah Municipal Corporation, Howrah Chandernagore Municipal Corporation, Hooghly
authorities in the State of West Bengal. Among which 41 nos. are located area. within The KMA area and remaining 85nos. are beyond KMA total from solid 126 wastes nos. generation per day. b) There are immense variations in per capita waste generation. The municipal authorities (mainly in nonKMA area) do not maintain proper records of solid waste generation. As a consequence, figures the of waste these generation
Nos. of Municipalities within KMA ..38 Nos. Nos. of Municipal Corporation outside KMA... 3 Nos.
municipalities is around 8,675 MT
Durgapur Municipal Corporation, Barddhaman Asansol Municipal Corporation, Barddhaman Siliguri Municipal Corporation, Darjeeling
Nos. of Municipalities outside KMA 82 Nos. (including 2 nos. Notified Area Authority) Note : KMA Kolkata Metropolitan Area
Total Population :
Rural Urban Total
As on Census 1991
4,93,70,364 1,87,07,601 6,80,77,965
As on Census 2001
5,77,34,690 2,24,86,481 8,02,21,171
municipal authorities was calculated @210gms per capita per day basis. In some big cities like Kolkata, Howrah, Siliguri etc. floating population is one of the factors for more waste generation. c) The composition of MSW also
Total Population within 126 nos. municipal bodies

1,56,65,057
in 1991
1,95,40,120
in 2001
Total area covered by 126 nos. municipal bodies :
2520.26 sq. km.
Average population density in municipal areas is 7753 (person/sq.km.)
varies from place to place. In KMA areas, a major portion of MSW comprises of paper, plastics, packaging wastes, metal can, glass,
Total MSW generation in 126 nos. municipal areas :
8674.47 MT/day
Average per capita MSW generation in municipal areas is 360.4 gms./day (approx.)
batteries, building materials/construction wastes, etc. Whereas in non-KMA areas MSW mainly contains bio-degradable wastes like garden wastes, cow dung, straw etc. Composition of MSW also depends on the agricultural production and commercial activities of a particular area, e.g. a major portion of MSW generated by Dhulian Municipality of Murshidabad district is Biri leaf (Kendu).
80
Collection
a) The methodology adopted by the municipal authorities in the State for collection of MSW is not scientific. Generally collection and storage of waste is not done at source. Though a good numbers of municipalities have taken initiatives for doorstep collection, but majority of them, particularly in non-KMA area, there is no system of collection of waste at doorstep. In absence of the doorstep collection, the waste is either thrown on the streets or disposed off in common waste collection bins available in the community., which is finally collected through municipal collection system. In many places the bins are neither adequate in number nor properly designed. Open sites or cement concrete bins, metal bins, etc. are used for temporary bulk storage of wastes. This type of waste collection system is unhygienic and necessitate multiple handling of wastes. Waste is more often seen outside the bins. In many areas, roadside collection bins are not cleared regularly resulting in emanation of odour in the adjacent area. b) Collection of waste at doorstep is an integral part of efficient MSW management system. This collection system have been already implemented either fully or partly by some municipal authorities like Kolkata, New Barrackpore, North Dum Dum, Madhyamgram, South Dum Dum, Barrackpore, Bidhannagar in North 24 Parganas District, Rishra, Bhadreswar, Chandernagore in Hooghly District, Howrah, Bally in Howrah District, Kalyani in Nadia, English Bazar in Maldah etc. In other municipal areas, mainly in non-KMA areas, the wastes are collected directly from roadside bins/demarked collection places. The bins are not cleared regularly; often cleared once or twice in a week. Due to the unplanned urbanization in many municipal areas, the road width does not permit the entry of vehicle/tricycle to collect MSW. In such cases, handcart or one wheel trolley is used. c) Street sweeping is one of the method of primary collection of wastes. But in most municipal areas, it is not done regularly. Several streets are not swept at all. d) In cities like Kolkata having population more than 4.5 million and Howrah with population above 1 million, the municipal workers are facing problems in house to house waste collection in some places because of congested roads/lanes particularly in the slum areas. e) Waste handling is done manually and the present system of loading/unloading of wastes is labour intensive and also time consuming. f) As per available information/data, it has been observed that out of 126 nos. municipal authorities, 33 nos. Municipal Authorities have achieved more than 90% collection of MSW, 50 nos. have achieved more than 50% and remaining have very poor collection efficiencies.
81
Roadside collection in tricycle van at Bankura Municipal area
Transportation a) The wastes are mostly collected by the municipal workers from the roadside bins/vats and carried away to the place of final disposal by either tractor-trailer or trucks. In certain cases, there are arrangements of collection of garbage from the bins located in the narrow streets in wheel barrows. Later on these collected wastes are disposed in a larger bin on the main road from where the trucks collect the same. In most of the cases, the transportation fleet does not synchronize with the types of dustbins provided. b) Except KMC, refuse collector, dumper placers are rarely used for solid waste transportation in West Bengal. Transportation of waste is done mainly through tractor-trailers or open trucks. In most cases, the transport vehicles are loaded manually. The frequency of collection of wastes and the number of transport vehicles are inadequate. Most of the vehicles are old and needs replacement. c) It was observed by the project team that except a few municipal areas, in most cases the MSW is transported in vehicles without any cover over the wastes. This results in scattering and littering of wastes on the roads and causing nuisance to the environment.
82
Disposal
a) It has been observed by the project team during their field survey that most of the municipalities, particularly within non-KMA area, have no earmarked waste dumping ground. The common practice is indiscriminate dumping in and around the roadside, low-lying lands, ditch etc. In some areas, a few slums or small houses were found in close proximity to the disposal ground. Due to rapid urbanization, availability of waste disposal land in the KMA area and in urban areas is a major issue. The growth of the towns also poses problems for prolong use of the existing disposal sites. Mechanical composting has been rarely used by the civic authorities so far. The scientific landfills are not being practiced anywhere. b) Most of the municipalities do not have proper planning for effective utilization of their dumping ground. Apart from the identified disposal sites, the municipal authorities also dispose the MSW indiscriminately in many places. Since in most cases, there is no system for compaction, the un-compacted wastes fill the disposal site soon. As a result the disposal sites are not utilized to its full capacity. Unscientific and indiscriminate disposal of MSW generates foul smell and acts as a breeding ground for flies, rodents and pests. During rainy season the run off from the dump sites may pollute nearby surface water and low lands and spreads water born disease like diarrhoea, cholera, plague etc.
Workers engaged in unloading the MSW from trailer at the MSW dumpsite in Bankura Municipality
Present MSW Management status in the State

Due to financial constrains and other infrastructure problems, solid waste management issue does not get the desired priority in Municipal Bodies. Out of 126 nos. municipal bodies, a few authorities have taken some initiatives for MSW management. Some such initiatives have been discussed below :
83
a. Model Facility for MSW Management at North Dum Dum Municipality and New Barrackpore Municipality : It is a Model Project on Management of Municipal Solid Waste for New Barrackpore and North Dum Dum Municipalities with financial support from CPCB and KMDA on 50:50 cost sharing basis. The land area of 11.1 acres, situated in mouza Fatullapur (J.L.No.3) PS. Nimta, Dist. 24 Parganas (N) within North Dum Dum Municipal area, will be utilized for developing landfill facility and compost plant. Bamboo fencing has been completed for the landfill site of area 6.1 acres by the North Dum Dum Municipality. The KMDA engaged the National Productivity Council (NPC) and Karnataka Compost Development Corporation (KCDC) to prepare the Project Report of the engineered Landfill Site and Compost Plant (Vermi Composting) respectively. The tools and equipments viz. containerized tricycle vans, intermediate storage containers (Capacity 3.5m3 and 4.5m3), tractor with hydraulic lifting devices, are being utilized by both the municipalities. The containerized tricycle vans are being used by both the municipalities for collection of municipal solid wastes at doorstep through private agency against charges @ Rs.10/- per household per month. All the tools & equipments for the collection, storage & transportation of the municipal solid wastes have been procured. Both the municipalities have arranged a number of awareness programmes involving Ward Committee, Bazar Committee, local clubs, NGOs, Social workers, School children etc. The Second Phase of the project i.e. development of the Compost Plant and Landfill Facility will start after getting clearance from the Airport Authority.
Under the model project this type of containerized tricycle vans are now used for doorstep collection of MSW in North Dum Dum and New Barrackpore municipal areas
This type of metal containers are now used for MSW carrying under the Model Facility Project in North Dum Dum and New Barrackpore municipal areas
84
b. Solid waste management in Kolkata Municipal Corporation : The KMC is one of the oldest (established in 1726) and largest municipal body in West Bengal with a total population of 45,80,544 (as per Census 2001) with 141 wards and covers a total area of 187.33 sq. km. Total solid waste handled by the KMC is near about 2700 MT/day. As a State capital, a large number of people come here every day from other places and so flying or occasional population adds a considerable amount of solid waste every day. The KMC has already introduced doorstep collection system for household wastes in most of the wards and simultaneously practice collection of the wastes from roadside vats or from market, commercial offices/institutions and disposes the same in the final dumping ground commonly known as Dhapa dumping ground. By engaging private agencies, some wastes are processed for composting (windrows composting) and producing organic manure. As the existing dumping ground is about to exhaust within a year or two, the KMC Authority has already identified a site (Dhapa II) for development of engineered landfill facility under Kolkata Environment Improvement Project (KEIP) funded by the ADB.
Rag pickers are busy to collect recyclable materials from fresh garbage at Dhapa (MSW dumping ground of KMC)
Old waste dump at Dhapa
Decomposed wastes are collected to manure processing plant at Dhapa
85
86
c. Solid waste management in Bhadreswar Municipality The Bhadreswar Municipality with the help of KMDA has developed a Compost Plant (Vermi Composting) and a site has been identified for the development of landfill facility. The municipality has started collection of segregated MSW from houses against charges in 20 nos. wards by using containerized tricycle vans. The specially designed van carrying 2 different coloured plastic buckets (picture below), one for biodegradable wastes and another for non-biodegradable wastes. The segregated wastes are stored at secondary transfer bin/containers (the green covered container in picture below) and finally it is carried to the compost plant or landfill site. The municipality has also set up a bio-gas plant (Gobar Gas) and the bio-gas generated is utilized in the crematorium; the residue of the bio-gas Plant being used as organic manure.
Specially designed MSW collection vehicle in the Bhadreswar Municipality
Vermi-composting in the Bhadreswar Municipality
87
d. Solid waste management in Kalyani Municipality Kalyani Municipality has started doorstep collection for wastes in all the wards against charges. After segregation, the bio-degradable wastes are carried to their compost plant for producing organic manure. Specially designed covered trailer (as shown in picture below) is being used for transportation of MSW. The municipality has tied up with the nurseries to use the organic manure from the compost plant.
Covered Trailer for transportation of MSW being used at Kalyani Municipality
e. Solid waste management in Kanchrapara Municipality Kanchrapara Municipality with 24 wards has started a pilot project for solid waste management in two wards and gradually spreading in other wards in phased manner. Presently, they have started doorstep collection from 15 nos. wards and for remaining wards solid waste are collected from roadside bins every day or every alternate day. From the collected wastes, the bio-degradable wastes are transported to Compost Plant to make compost organic manure through micro-bio technology. It is proposed that the technology is being used on a trial basis to produce about 1 ton manure per month. Finally, it will be implemented as a full-fledged project for MSW management in the total municipal area. f. The Panihati Municipality has also started civil work for the development of compost plant (Vermi Compost) and also started house to house collection. g. The Maheshtala Municipality has also identified land of area 17 acres for composting and landfill. The KMDA has prepared the DPR for the collection, transportation, treatment (Vermi Composting) and disposal of MSW.
88
h. The Detailed Project Report of Chandernagore Municipal Corporation has been prepared by KMDA for Compost Plant (Vermi Compost) & engineered landfill. The land, about 5.34 acres, has been identified for the implementation of the municipal solid waste management plan. The door-to-door collection of municipal solid wastes including segregation of biodegradable & non-biodegradable wastes has started in most of the wards. i. The Japan Bank of International Cooperation (JBIC) has entrusted M/s. Japan Environmental Consultants Ltd. to carry out pre-feasibility study for the integrated solid waste management plan of 6 nos. municipalities namely Serampore, Rishra, Konnagar, Uttarpara-Kotrang, Baidyabati and Champdani Municipality in Hooghly District. 51 acres of land at Dirghangi, District-Hooghly has also been identified and it is under process for acquisition. The JBIC has submitted the pre-feasibility report to the KMDA. j. In Sriniketan Santiniketan Development Authority (SSDA) area: Mr. P. U. Asnani, Consultant, USAEP has prepared a Preliminary Project Report on municipal solid waste for the entire planning areas of the SSDA. The State Board conducted a series of meetings with the SSDA, Bolpur Municipality and Visva Bharati, to impress upon them for the implementation of the Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan. According to the project report prepared by Mr. P.U. Asnani for disposal of the municipal solid waste, SSDA identified 5 acres of land. k. In Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority (SJDA) area: The Detailed Project Report of MSW management for Siliguri Municipal Corporation has been prepared by SJDA. About 37.26 acres of land has been identified for setting up of waste processing and landfill facility. The land is located at Muoza- Binnaguri near Sahudangi under P.S -Rajganj, Dist Jalpaiguri. The SJDA invited a tender for the development of Compost Plant & Landfill Facility. The West Bengal Pollution Control Board committed to provide a fund of Rs. 25 Lakhs for the development of Landfill Facility and already released Rs. 10 lakhs as 1st installment. l. In Haldia Development Authority (HDA) area: The Haldia Development Authority and M/s. Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd. have formed a joint Venture Company in the name of M/s. West Bengal Waste Management Limited. This Company will develop an integrated Waste Management Complex on Build, Own, Operate and Transfer (BOOT) basis for the hazardous wastes of the entire State, municipal solid wastes and biomedical wastes for the Haldia Municipality and other adjacent municipalities. The site of area 70 acres for the integrated facility is situated at Mouza Purba Srikrishnapur, P.S Sutahata, Dist- Purba Midnapore.
89
4.2 Bio-medical Waste Management

Most of the health care units in different municipal areas do not have a proper BMW management system. Mixing of general and infectious waste, to more or less extent has been a common feature for these health care units. Since, segregation of different categories of waste at source is most important in BMW management, the problem deserves utmost attention. In case of mutilation and decontamination of waste sharp there is lack of awareness, motivation, responsibilities, availability of needle cutters, bleach solution etc. In most of the Govt. hospitals, the condition of the common collection points (temporary storage) are very acute. There are construction defects like lack of shades or wire mesh, proper drainage system, lock and key arrangement etc. Sometimes they are overfilled with garbage that spills over. It has been found in many places that the burial pits are not constructed as per the specification and have no fencing around them; thereby providing free access to scavengers. In some cases the municipalities do not provide a dedicated transport to haul the biomedical waste as a result the burial pits remain unused since its construction.
Campus pits for BMW disposal in Raghunathpur Sub-Div. Hospital in Purulia District
Condition of common storage vat in some of the Govt. Hospitals and their using scenario. Photograph taken during survey in Kandi Sub-Div. Hospital, Dist. Murshidabad.
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Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility (CBMWTDF) in West Bengal Two Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities (CBMWTDF) are operating at Belgachia in Howrah District and at Kalyani in Nadia District. Both the facilities provide service for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of bio medical wastes (BMW). The facilities are now covering most of the health care units including pathological laboratories, clinics etc. situated in Kolkata, Howrah, 24 Parganas(N), 24 Parganas(S), Hooghly, Nadia and Murshidabad districts. These CBMWTDFs have been set up by M/s. Medicare Incin Pvt. Ltd., a sister concern of M/s. Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd., Hyderabad. The Howrah facility came into operation since November 2003 and the Kalyani facility started operation in September 2005. They collect the untreated BMW from individual health care units and treat them in their facility. Both the facility has a double-chambered incinerator (Primary Chamber and Secondary Chamber, maintaining temperature 800 50 0C and 1050 50 0C respectively) with automatic feeding system & full fledged pollution control system (venturi scrubber) and autoclave with shredder.
Air pollution control system
Conveyor
Two chambered Waste Incinerator Autoclave with automatic feeding system
Standby Autoclave
Autoclave
91
Collection and Transportation System : For collection and transportion of BMW from the different health care units situated in Districts, a number of vehicles of TATA 407 type and Auto Vans are used. During collection of the BMW, the operator is maintaining the manifest system. As per the guideline of the operator, after segregation of the BMW at source, the incinerable wastes (anatomical wastes) are to be kept in yellow coloured bags whereas the non-incinerable wastes (non-anatomical wastes) are to be kept in blue coloured bags. All these plastic bags have bio-hazard symbol printed on them. The operator also supplies these bags against fixed charges. The sharps & needles are to be kept in puncture proof plastic containers.
Special Dedicated Transport Vehicles (TATA 407) for BMW carrying
Service Cost of the Facility : Before joining the facility, the Private operator of the said facility makes an agreement with the individual healthcare units to negotiate the terms and conditions. But instead of individual agreement, the Health Department, Govt. of W.B. made an agreement with the private operator on behalf of 31nos. State Govt. Hospitals and other Blood Banks situated within KMC. At present Rs. 2.70/- per bed per day is being charged from the private Nursing Homes and Hospitals, whereas Rs. 2.45/- per bed per day is being charged from the State Govt. Hospitals as service charges for collection, transportation, and treatment of the BMW. The
92
reduction of the rate in the case of Govt. units is due to the less production of the BMW per bed per day compared to its private counterpart. The Service charges rendering for the pathological laboratories / clinics depends upon the waste generated, type of pathological tests etc. and it ranges from minimum of Rs. 500/- per month to a maximum of Rs. 1500/per month. The service charge of the facility @ Rs. 2.70/- per bed per day was vetted by a committee comprising of the members of WBPCB, Health Deptt. Govt. of W.B., and KMC.
Upcoming Common Bio-Medical Wastes Treatment and Disposal Facilities by Private Operator 1. At Haldia, Purba Medinipur : The facility is being developed by M/s West Bengal Waste Management Ltd. (capacity 10,000 beds/day) for the health care units in Purba Medinipur & Paschim Medinipur districts and also the health care units situated in the adjacent districts. It is being set up as part of the Integrated Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility already developed for hazardous wastes at Haldia. One autoclave has been already installed. The facility is expected to start operation from August 2006. 2. At Asansol, Burdwan : The facility is being developed by M/s Medicare Incin Pvt. Ltd. with capacity to treat BMW from 30,000 beds/day. Asansol-Durgapur Development Authority [ADDA] has provided a lease land of area 2 acres. The construction work has already stared and it is expected to start operation from December 2006.
Common Bio-Medical Wastes Treatment and Disposal Facilities by Govt. a. Under the West Bengal Health Systems Development Project of the Health & Family Welfare Department Govt. of W.B., an autoclave of capacity 80 kg/day installed at J.N.M. Hospital, Kalyani in August 2002, for the treatment of non-anatomical wastes of J.N.M. Hospital along with a deep burial pit constructed by the Kalyani Municipality at the MSW dumping ground for disposal of anatomical wastes of J.N.M. Hospital. The said facility was later opened by the State Govt. for the other health care units within the Kalyani Municipality and this is now operating as Common Treatment Facility (CTF) for all health care units within the Kalyani Municipality.
93
Kalyani Municipality itself is acting as operator for collection and transportation of segregated & untreated BMW against charge of Rs. 10/- per bed/month from the Hospital & nursing homes including pathological clinics. After collection of the bio-medical wastes, the nonanatomical portion goes to the autoclave unit for treatment & the anatomical portion is disposed off to the deep burial pit at MSW dumping ground. After treatment by autoclave, the treated non-anatomical wastes are disposed off to MSW dumping site of the Municipality. At present Rs. 2.83/- per bed per day is being charged for the hospital and nursing homes. The treatment cost for BMW from clinics and pathological laboratories is charged @ Rs. 500/- per month.
b. Under the West Bengal Health systems development project (WBHSDP) of the Health & Family Welfare Department, Govt. of W.B., a microwave of capacity 22 kg/day was installed at Diamond Harbour Sub-Division Hospital in January 2002 for the treatment of nonanatomical wastes of Diamond Harbour Sub-Division Hospital and a deep burial pit constructed by the Diamond Harbour Municipality at the PWD stack yard, Gouripur for the disposal of anatomical wastes of Diamond Harbour Sub-Division Hospital. Later on, through joint endeavour by the Health & Family Welfare Dept. Govt. of W.B., West Bengal Pollution Control Board and Diamond Harbour Municipality, the said microwave & deep burial pit were started to utilize as Common Treatment Facility (CTF) for all health care units within the Diamond Harbour Municipality including Diamond Harbour Sub-Division Hospital. A private agency is engaged by the Diamond Harbour Municipality for collection and transportation of segregated & untreated bio-medical wastes from the Hospital & nursing homes including pathological clinics within the Municipality against charges. After collection of the bio-medical wastes, the non-anatomical portion is sent to the CTF (microwave) for treatment & the anatomical portion is disposed off to the deep burial pit. After treatment by microwave, the treated non-anatomical wastes are disposed off to the municipal solid wastes (MSW) dumping site of Diamond Harbour Municipality. At present Rs. 5.00/- per bed per day is being charged for the hospital and nursing homes. The treatment cost is charged for the pathological laboratories / clinics @ Rs. 700/- per month, for X-Ray units @ Rs. 400/- per month & for pathological laboratories / clinics with XRay units @ Rs. 800/- per month.
94
More 13 nos. Autoclaves (like J.N.M. Hospital, Nadia) and 1 no. Microwave (like Diamond Harbour Sub-divisional Hospital) have installed under WBHSDP at 14 nos. big State Govt. Hospitals in different districts.
Sl. Municipal area Bankura : 1. Bankura Bardhaman : 2. Durgapur 3. 4. Asansol Bardhaman Treatment facility Autoclave at Bankura Medical College & Hospital Proposal for a CBMWTDF (will be developed by Private Operator) Autoclave at Bardhaman Medical College & Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Durgapur S. D. Hosp. Deep Burial Pit at Asansol L.M. Hospital (S.D. Hospital) Deep Burial Pit at Bardhaman Medical College & Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Kalna S.D. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Katwa S.D. Hospital Campus Pit at Rampurhat S.D. Hospital Campus Pit at Bolpur S.D. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Suri Sadar Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Mathabhanga S.D. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Mekhliganj S.D. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Tufanganj S.D. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at M.J.N. Hospital (Dist. Hospital) Disposal Facility
5. Kalna 6. Katwa Birbhum : 7. Rampurhat 8. Bolpur 9. Suri Coochbehar : 10. Mathabhanga 11. 12. 13. Mekhliganj Tufanganj Coochbehar
Autoclave at Suri Sadar Hospital
Autoclave at M.J.N. Hospital (Dist. Hospital) Autoclave at Siliguri S.D. Hospital and also a proposal for CBMWTDF by private operator
Darjeling : 14. Siliguri 15. Darjeeling 16. Kurseong Uttar Dinajpur : 17. Raiganj 18. Islampur Hooghly : 19. Hooghly-Chinsurah 20. Serampore 21. Uttarpara-Kotrang
Deep Burial Pit at Darjeeling Dist. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Kurseong S.D. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Raiganj Dist. Hospital Campus Pit at Islampur S.D. Hospital
Autoclave at Hooghly Dist. Hospital
Deep Burial Pit at Hooghly Dist. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Serampore S.D. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Uttarpara State General Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Uluberia S.D. Hospital Deep Burial Pit in Bally Municipality and Liliah T.L.J. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Howrah Dist. Hospital and South Howrah S.G. Hospital
Howrah : 22. Uluberia 23. Bally 24. Howrah Dist. Hospital Jalpaiguri : 25. Jalpaiguri Malda : 26. English Bazar Medinipur (West): 27. Medinipur Medinipur (East): 28. Haldia Autoclave at Howrah Dist. Hospital Autoclave at Jalpaiguri Dist. Hospital Autoclave at Malda Dist. Hospital Microwave at Medinipur Dist. Hospital Proposal for common facility by private operator
Deep Burial Pit at Malda Dist. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Medinipur Dist. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Haldia S.D. Hospital
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Sl. Municipal area Mursidabad : 29. Berhampore 30. Kandi 31. Murshidabad Nadia : 32. Ranaghat 33. Santipur 34. 35. Nabadwip Chakdaha
Treatment facility Autoclave at Mursidabad Dist. Hospital
Disposal Facility Deep Burial Pit at Mursidabad Dist. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Kandi S.D. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Lalbagh S.D. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Ranaghat S.D. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Santipur State General Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Nabadwip State General Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Chakdaha State General Hospital Deep Burial Pit at J.N.M. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Nadia Dist. Hospital Campus Pit at Raghunathpur State General Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Purulia Deben Mahato Hospital (District Hospital) Deep Burial Pit at Diamond Harbour S.D. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Barasat Municipal Dump site Deep Burial Pit at Dr. Jiban Ratan Dhar SD Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Basirhat S.D. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at B.N. Bose S.D. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Habra State General Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Naihati State General Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Baranagar State General Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Ashoknagar S.G. Hospital
36. Kalyani 37. Krishnanagar Purulia : 38. Raghunathpur 39. Purulia
Autoclave at J.N.M. Hospital Autoclave at Nadia Dist. Hospital
Autoclave at Purulia Deben Mahato Hospital (District Hospital) Microwave at Diamond Harbour S.D. Hospital Autoclave at Dist. Hospital Barasat
South 24 Parganas : 40. Diamond Harbour North 24 Parganas : 41. Barasat 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. Bongaon Basirhat Barrackpore Habra Naihati Baranagar Ashoknagar
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CHAPTER V
Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management 5.2 Bio-Medical Waste Management
97
5.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management
The inventorisation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in West Bengal was carried out to review the existing system of storage, collection, transportation and disposal of MSW and to identify the paucities in this management system. The inventorisation involved the participation of different Municipal Authorities of the State to get relevant information regarding the same, so that a proper implementation programme can be framed for the coherent & even operation of the MSW management in West Bengal. Based on the findings of the study, the following propositions are made for proper and scientific disposal of the MSW. Except a few municipalities, the segregation and collection of MSW are not carried out at source which leads to unhygienic littering & indiscriminate disposal of solid waste. To control the above situation, the source segregation and door-to-door collection system for both biodegradable & non-biodegradable solid waste has to be introduced. This also needs the development and upgradation of a database regarding MSW characteristics and generation. Initiatives should also be taken for use of appropriate equipments for collection, transport and disposal of MSW with the adoption of an appropriate waste disposal and processing methodology viz composting, community vermi-composting, etc. for the same. The local bodies other than municipalities viz. Panchayat, Notified Authorities, etc. should also take initiative to formulate appropriate waste management facilities within their jurisdiction and assisting them in their efforts would be considered another optimistic step in this implementation process. An effective management of MSW relies much on community participation along with the provision of improved amenities and service conditions for formal and informal sector workers. The workforce and the supervisory staff should be exposed and well versed with the modern methods of waste management through trainings, seminars and field visits. Stakeholders should also be made aware of the genuine issues regarding waste management. In order to combat the dearth of a national level policy and inadequate resources, initiatives should be taken in the formulation of a national policy on SWM along with the fixation of a rational tariff followed by the imposition of SWM tax to meet city cleaning costs.
98
The provisions for protective gears and their mandatory use should be initiated along with a comprehensive health insurance scheme for MSW management workers to provide safe and hygienic conditions at workplace.
In response to dearth of public awareness and political will, awareness campaigns, group meetings should be held with the help from NGOs, school children, social workers etc.
It can be stated as a general recommendation that the above initiatives have been implemented either fully or partly by some Municipal Authorities and needs to be extended to other municipal areas as well. The Financial Institution Reforms and Expansion (Debt) Project (FIRE-D) of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is providing support to the Government of West Bengal for making the West Bengal Solid Waste Management Mission (WBSWMM) operational, and developing projects in Asansol, Durgapur and Siliguri. The IDFC team for the project has identified two sites and it was suggested that regional landfill sites for shared disposal of MSW between a number of local bodies integrated with collection and transportation projects, should be considered as possible solutions. The IDFC team has also proposed the setting up of a central fund to be managed by the WBSWMM in order to provide grant/subsidies upfront to the project.
5.2 Bio-medical Waste Management
The inventorisation of the health care units in West Bengal as per the provisions of Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998 led to the revelation of some significant observations with respect to the collection, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste. Segregation of BMW of different categories at source is an integral part of an efficient waste management. But the general feature of BMW management in West Bengal particularly in rural areas has been the intermingling of this waste with MSW to some extent or the other. In some cases the transportation vehicles do not follow the specifications provided in the above rule. With respect to treatment and disposal there remains a dearth of knowledge in part of the workers. In places, the burial pit are not constructed as per specification resulting into them turning as breeding ground for rodent, flies etc. The temporary storage areas of BMW suffer from negligence, erroneous site selection and constructional defects. Some remain
99
non-functional due to the want of proper facilities to dispose off the waste while other suffer from lack of transport to haul the biomedical waste. Notwithstanding, there remains a likelihood of spillage of BMW if the storage sites are not cleared on a day-to-day basis. With respect to the above scenario, steps are being taken to improve the present system of BMW management in the state. Two Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities (CBMWTDF) are operating at Belgachia and Kalyani. Both the facilities maneuvered by Private Operators, provide service for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of BMW in lieu of a service cost. These facilities are now covering large number of health care units situated in different districts. An affirmative step is also taken in part from M/s West Bengal Management Ltd and M/s Medicare Incin Pvt. Ltd to set up a CBMWTDF in Haldia & Durgapur, which will be made functional very soon. Under the West Bengal Health System Development Project (WBHSDP) about 14 nos. Autoclaves and 2 nos. Microwaves have been installed at 14nos State Government Hospitals in different districts. The waste autoclave installed at J.N.M. Hospital at Kalyani and the microwave installed in Diamond Harbour Sub-divisional Hospital is now operating as a common facility for the health care units situated within the respective municipal areas. For a myriad number of primary health care units, rural hospitals operating in different districts, there is a need for the development of a common collection centers/ transfer stations to handle the waste generated from the above units. These transfer stations would be functional for a group of rural health care units operating in a given area. This resolves the problem of waste generated by the rural health care units, which could not be accessed on a day-to-day basis because of these units being situated in remote areas and operating in small capacities.
100
Districts of West Bengal and MSW generation
5 DARJEELING 222.93
Siliguri
JALPAIGURI 73.66 6 COACH BEHAR 72.67
North Dinajpur 70.57 2 South Dinajpur 2 MALDAH 65.24 47.10
Total no. of Municipal bodies within the District Numbers in gray shade indicates the total quantity of MSW generates per day in respective municipal areas (in MT) State capital Major Cities
6 BIRBHUM 150.27 Bolpur /

Durgapur
7 MURSHIDABAD 159.55 N 10 NADIA 200.91 27 1

Howrah
Asansol
Santiniketan
PURULIA 23.40
3 BANKURA 85.13
11
BARDHAMAN 635.40 12
Map not to scale
8 WEST MIDNAPORE 214.31
HOOGHLY 510.80 3
HOWRAH 1015.00 5
Haldia
KOLKATA 2700.00 7 SOUTH 24 PARGANAS 195.69
NORTH 24 PARGANAS 2133.54
EAST MIDNAPORE 98.30
Sundarban areas
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Abbreviations used
BMW : BMWM : BOOT : CBMWTDF: CPCB : HDA : HMC : IPP : JBIC : KCDC : KEIP : KMA : KMC : KMDA : KUSP : MSW : MSWM : NEERI : NGO : NPC : PPP : SJDA : SSDA : SWM : TPD : USAEP : USAED : WBHSDP : WBPCB : Bio Medical Waste Bio Medical Waste Management Build Own Operate and Transfer Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility Central Pollution Control Board Haldia Development Authority Howrah Municipal Corporation Indian Population Project Japan Bank of International Cooperation Karnataka Compost Development Corporation Kolkata Environment Improvement Project Kolkata Metropolitan Area Kolkata Municipal Corporation Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority Kolkata Urban Services for the Poor Municipal Solid Waste Municipal Solid Waste Management National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Non-Government Organization National Productivity Council Public Private Partnership Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority Sriniketan-Santiniketan Development Authority Solid Waste Management Tone Per Day United States Asia Environmental Partnership United States Agency for International Development West Bengal Health System Development Project West Bengal Pollution Control Board
102
References
Santra, S. C. (2004). Environmental Science, New Central Book Agency(P) Ltd. Chatterjee, A. K., 2001, Water Supply and Waste Disposal and environmental engineering, Khanna Publishers. Bhatia, S. C., 2001, Environmental pollution control in chemical process industries, Khanna Publishers. Report (2004), Municipal Solid Waste Management in Asia, Asian institute of Technology, Thailand. Project Report (2003), Revised
List of the websites searched for reference : http://www.wb.nic.in http://edugreen.teri.res.in http://www.calcuttaweb.com

www.compost.org/compostfaq.html
mcgm.gov.in www.vigyanprasar.com www.webindia123.com www.bengalonthenet.com
103
Sample Questionnaire format for inventorisation
Annexure- I

(Department of Environment, Govt. of West Bengal)
Phone: 033-2335-9088/7428/6731, FAX : 091-033-2335-6730 Website : www.wbpcb.gov.in e-mail : wbpcbnet@wbpcb.gov.in

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paribesh Bhawan, Bldg. No. 10 A, Block-LA, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098
Date:
Format for the inventorisation of Municipal Solid Wastes in West Bengal as per Municipal Solid Waste [Management & Handling] Rules, 2000
1. Name of Municipal body & address Name of the Chairman Phone : 2. 3. Population as on 1991/2001 census Total no. of wards :: :: Total Area (in Sq. km.) :: :: :: Fax : e-mail (if any):
4. 5. 6.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MSW) MANAGEMENT

Name of In-charge dealing with municipal solid :: waste with Contact phone No Total quantity of wastes generated per day Total quantity of wastes collected per day Manpower for MSW Management. :: :: Permanent Supervisory staff : Safai Karmachari : Drivers & others : Total : Temporary Casual
7.
I. a.
Existing Collection & Storage System for MSW i) House to House collection system ii) Other Method for collecting MSW
No. of Ward covered
Collection Schedule (Daily / Every alternate day / Weekly)
:: :: ::
b.
Is any private agency engaged for collection of MSW
104
c.
MSW Transit Storage facility RCC Bins Trolleys Containers Dumper Placers Others, if any.
Nos.
Capacity
:: :: :: :: ::
Nos. No. of Trips/day
II.
MSW Transportation Facility a. Trucks b. Trucks-Tipper c. Tractor-Trailer d. Refuse collector e. Dumper placers f. Animal cart g. Tricycle h. Hand carts i. Secondary transfer point j. Others (please specify)
:: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::
III. a.
MSW Disposal Facilities Existing disposal site Sites for indiscriminate dumping of MSW
Site possessed by No. of Municipality sites Yes / No
Details of sites (Plot No./ Mouza)
Area
:: :: ::
b. IV. a. b. c. e. f. g.
New site identified for MSW disposal Disposal by land filling No. of landfill sites exist Area Method of land filling (ordinary/Engineered land filling) Whether weigh bridge facilities available, if yes please indicate the numbers Whether area is fenced Whether equipment like bulldozer, compactors etc. available, if yes please indicate the no. of equipments. Total manpower available at landfill site Quantity of wastes processed (in MT) Composting Vermiculture Pellets Recycling Others, if any, please specify like Incineration / Pyrolysis / Gasification Are any efforts made to call for private agency/firms etc. to attempt for processing for waste utilizing technologies ?
:: :: :: :: :: :: ::
( Yes / No ) ( Yes / No ) ( Yes / No )
h. V. a. b. c. d. e. VI.
:: :: :: :: ::
:
105
BIO MEDICAL WASTE (BMW) MANAGEMENT

I. No. of Medical Units
Category of Medical Unit a) Hospital under control of Corporation / Municipality b) Govt. Hospital under jurisdiction of Corporation / Municipality c) Private Nursing Home / Health Care Centre / Hospital etc. d) Pathological Centre, X-ray Clinic etc. e) Blood Bank No. of Unit Total No. of Bed
II. Disposal facility of Bio-Medical Waste

(i) Methods followed for disposal of Bio-medical waste : (ii) Is there any proposal for setting up of common treatment facility for disposal of bio-medical waste?
(iii) No of Burial pits at the municipal solid waste disposal site :
INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

(i) No of industries located within the Municipal area :
(ii) Whether disposal of industrial waste mixed up with municipal solid waste?
MISCELLANEOUS
(i) Whether any Detail Project Report has been prepared for the MSW management as per Municipal Solid Waste Rules ? (ii) Proposed project cost excluding land : (iii) Land cost :
106

(Department of Environment, Govt. of West Bengal)
Phone: 033-2335-9088/7428/6731, FAX : 0091-033-2335-6730 Website : www.wbpcb.gov.in e-mail :wbpcbnet@wbpcb.gov.in

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paribesh Bhawan, Bldg. No. 10 A, Block-LA, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098
Date: Format for the inventorisation of bio-medical wastes in West Bengal as per Bio-Medical Waste [Management & Handling] Rules, 1998
1. Name of the Unit Address Contact Phone No. : Fax : e-mail (if any): :
2. Category of the Unit (please mark ) : a) [ Govt. / Municipal / Pvt.] and 3. Contact Person (With Designation) 4. Under the Municipal jurisdiction 5. No. of Beds (as per License) 6. Actual No. of Beds (at present) 7. Occupancy rate (per day) 8. Storage facility for BMW 9. Segregation procedure maintained b) [ Hos. / Nurs. / Maternity ] : : : : : : : [ Yes / No ] (please mark ) Yellow Red Blue Black
Using of coloured Bags/Bins (as per Rule 6) : (please mark ) 10. BMW treatment facility (please mark ) :
Mutilation (Electric Destroyer / Cutter) Chemical Treatment Autoclaving (for BMW) Incineration Burial Pit 11. Disposal facility for BMW : [ Yes / No ] [ Yes / No ] Valid upto date : Valid upto date :
12. a) Authorization (as per BMW, M&H Rules, 1998) : b) Consent to operate (as per EP Act, 1986) :
107

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FINAL REPORT

on Waste Inventory (MSW & BMW) in West Bengal

Under the Project on

West Bengal Pollution Control Board

[ Dr. D. Chakraborty ] Chief Scientist WBPCB

Objective of the Project

Scope of the Project

Municipal Solid Waste Bio-Medical Waste

Municipal Solid Waste

Generation and composition

Source : Santra, S., Environmental Science, Central Book Agency.

Market wastes (generally huge quantity of bio-degradable materials)

Source : Indias Development Report, 1997.

Health impacts of MSW

Legislation and policies on MSW management

Bio Medical Waste

Generation and composition

Health care waste generation

Health impacts of BMW

to unaesthetic and unhygienic environment.

Rules framed for the BMW management

DISTRICT WISE STATUS OF MSW & BMW IN WEST BENGAL

and Coochbehar Districts are mountain range. Other parts are

District wise no. of Municipal Bodies

District wise total Municipal Bodies and waste generation

District wise total nos. of municipal body

District wise MSW generation/day(MT)

District wise Municipal Population Density (person/ sq. km.)

District wise per capita waste generation/day (in municipal areas)

Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies

Table II : MSW generation, collection status

Bankura Bishnupur Sonamukhi

Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies

20,349 4,25,836 26,995

22,593 4,92,996 31,863

10.36 154.00 17.00

2,181 3,201 1,874

Class III Class I Class III

Table II : MSW generation, collection status

Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies

34,029 43,275 30,024 54,298

34,038 50,609 39,244 61,818

12.10 6.59 10.00 9.48

2,813 7,680 3,924 6,521

Class III Class II Class III Class II

Table II : MSW generation, collection status

Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

80 NIL 25 19 120 598

Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies

Table II : MSW generation, collection status

Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies

Table II : MSW generation, collection status

Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

Darjeeling Kalimpong Kurseong Mirik Siliguri