3-1-0-4 BBEDBE604R01/MNNDBE604 BIOSENSORS UNIT I 14 periods

Fundamentals of Biosensors: Biosensors as Functional Analogs of Chemoreceptors, Structure and Function of Transducers, Thermometric Indication with Thermistors, Optoelectronic Sensors, Piezoelectric Sensors, Electrochemical Sensors, Potentiometric Electrodes, Amperometric Electrodes, Conductometric Measurement. Immobilization of the Receptor Component in Biosensors, Methods of Immobilization: Adsorption, Gel Entrapment, Covalent Coupling, Crosslinking. Immobilization Effects in Biosensors, Characterization of Immobilized Enzymes in Biosensors, Recovery of Enzyme Activity, Effectiveness Factor, Enzyme Loading Test, Linear Measuring Range, pH Dependence, Temperature Dependence UNIT II 18 periods

Metabolism Sensors: Glucose Sensors, Galactose Sensors, Enzyme Electrodes for Gluconate, Lactate Sensors, Pyruvate Sensors, Determination of Alcohols, Sensors for Phenols and Amines, Cholesterol Sensors, Determination of Bile Acids, Determination of Uric Acid, Determination of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), Nitrite and Nitrate, Carbon Monoxide. Electrochemical Sensor for Hydrogen Determination, Sensors for Amino Acids, Urea Sensors, Membrane Sensors, Creatinine Sensors, Penicillin Sensors, Enzyme Field Effect Transistors, Determination of Glycerol and Triglycerides, Determination of Acetylcholine, Biosensors Using Coupled Enzyme Reactions, Enzyme Sequence Sensors for Phosphatidylcholines and Acetylcholine, Multienzyme Electrodes for Nucleic Acid Compounds, Competition Sensors, Enzymatic Elimination of Interferences UNIT III 14 periods

Affinity Biosensors: Affinity Sensors Using Low-Molecular Weight Ligands, Affinity Sensors Based on Proteins and Enzymes, Binding Sensors, Enzyme Sensors for Inhibitors, Immunosensors, Principles of Immunoassays, Electrode-Based Enzyme Immunoassays, Immunoreactors, Thermometric Enzyme Immunoassays, Membrane Immunosensors, Piezoelectric Systems, Optical Immunosensors, Biosensors Using Intact Biological Receptors, Apoenzyme Electrodes for the Determination of Prosthetic Groups, Immunoreactors with Electrochemical Detection. Biomimetic sensors Biosensors using higher biocatalysts: Cell Organelles, Microorganisms, Tissue Slices, Lipid Membrane Biosensors

UNIT IV

14 periods

Reagentless Biosensors & Array-based chips: Surface Dielectric Enhancement, Gold nanoparticle enhanced surface plasmon resonance, carbon nanotube and silicon nanowire enhanced conductivity, catalytic activation, electrocatalytic detection, catalytically enabled optical and magnetic detection, Reagentless Immunoelectrodes, biomolecule conformational modulated effects, Biosensors based on DNA conformation changes, Biosensors based on protein conformation changes Array chips for single cell, DNA and protein analyses: PCR microchamber array chip system, Multiplexed detection of target DNA on a single chip, Cell-free protein synthesis using a microchamber array, high throughput single cell analysis system, single cell microarray system for analysis of antigen-specific single B-cells TEXT BOOK Biosensors, Frieder Schelfer and Florian Schubert, Elsevier Science Publications, 1992 REFERENCE Nanomaterials for Biosensors, Ed: Challa Kumar, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Germany, 2007